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Geo-Strategic Importance Ofchinapakistan Economic Corridor,Threat to India: an Analysis [VOLUME 4 I ISSUE 2 I APRIL – JUNE 2017] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 Geo-Strategic Importance ofChinaPakistan Economic Corridor,Threat to India: An Analysis Dr. C. M. Meena Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Dr. B.R.A., College, University of Delhi – India. Received May 08, 2017 Accepted June 15, 2017 ABSTRACT In my present paper I would focus on Geo-Strategic Importanceof ChinaPakistan Economic Corridor, Threat to India: An Analysis. In 2013, China and Pakistan announced plans to construct an economic corridor to connect Kashgar in China’s Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region with the southwestern Pakistani port of Gwadar. Together with the proposed BCIM Economic Corridor (BCIM-EC), the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) extends to South Asia the broader trend ofAsian regional economic integration through economic corridors. The CPEC assumes crucial significance for India in the larger context of China’s regional/transnational initiative, known as ‘One Belt, One Road’. So far, observers in India have either ignored the proposed CPEC or have rejected it as unviable. India has also opposed this corridor as it will pass through disputed territory. It is true that some serious territorial disputes involving China, India and Pakistan are yet to be resolved. However, in the continually evolving regional dynamics marked by a remarkable upsurge in bilateral trade between India and China, increasing bilateral cooperation on various other fronts, including he development of the BCIM-EC, and attempts to revive the India-Pakistan peace process, the proposed CPEC presents to India some interesting and promising choices which, if exercised innovatively, may open new vistas of regional cooperation, stability and economic growth in the region. China’s OBOR strategy is a bold and new strategy, which is still evolving and being developed as new issues arise. It is not a finite strategy in terms of time and geographic space. While it is built on the idea of revival of the old Silk Road which connected China through the Eurasian landmass to Europe it has evolved beyond that to a broader way of engagement with countries and with regional and other groups of countries. Key words: Geostrategic, CPEC, OBOR,Security Introduction The China Pakistan economic corridor is a geopolitical advantage for the following significant bilateral agreement which has the reasons: First, the port is strategically located potential to reconfigure the geopolitics of the not far from the Strait of Hormuz and at the South Asian region. China is set to invest $46 mouth of the Persian Gulf. This will allow billion in this economic corridor which runs China to monitor the vulnerable sea lines of from Gwadar, a deep sea portinthe province communication as 60 per cent of its crude of Baluchistan in Pakistan to Kashgar in supply comes from West Asia. China’s northwest province of Xinjiang with Moreover, most of its supply will be moved roads, railways and pipelines. The Gwadar through this port which will save China port lies on the conduit of the three most millions of dollars, time and effort. This in a commercially important regions namely West way will help reduce its dependence on the Asia, Central Asia and South Asia.It is Strait of Malacca. Second, the Chinese face expected to become a terminus point for considerable economic and strategic trade and energy corridor emanating from challenges from the US presence in the Asia- the Central Asian Region.Operational control Pacific andthe Gwadar port will providea of this port gives the Chinese strategic and listening post to keep a tab on the US naval Research Paper IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews 121 [ VOLUME 4 I ISSUE 2 I APRIL – JUNE 2017] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 activities 460 kilometres further west from ceremon of CPECPresident Asif Ali Zardari Karachi and away from the Indian naval and Chinese Premier Li Keqiang witnessed bases.Third, the Chinese have expedited the the signing ceremony as the representatives process of developing Gwadar around the of the two countries inked the documents at a same time as US announced withdrawal of ceremony held at the Aiwan-e-Sadr. The visit forces from Afghanistan, thus allowing them of Chinese Premier Li Keqiang marked the to conduct economic ventures in Afghanistan signing of important documents aimed at and other Central Asian countries. The long-term cooperation between the two Chinese aim to use Pakistan as a pipeline countries in multiple areas. The MoU on corridor to procure oil and gas from West Maritime Cooperation between the two Asian countries, especially Iran. China has governments, an Agreement on Boundary also shown interest in joining the US$7.4 Management System between China’s billion Iran‐Pakistan gas pipeline, a project Xinjiang and Gilgit-Baltistan area, and that faces stiff opposition from the US. another Agreement on Border Ports and their Management System was signed by Chinese Background of CPEC Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Pakistan’s Plans for a corridor stretching from the Foreign Secretary Jalil Abbas Jilani. Chinese border to Pakistan's deep water The MoU on cooperation for long-term plan ports on the Arabian Sea date back to the on China-Pakistan Economic Corridor 1950s, and motivated construction of the between the two governments was inked by Karakoram Highway beginning in 1959. Xu Shao Shi, Chairman National Development Chinese interest in Pakistan's deep-water and Reform Commission, China and harbour at Gwadar had been rekindled by ShahidAmjad Chaudhry, Advisor to the Prime 1998 and in 2002 China began construction Minister. In February 2014, Pakistani at Gwadar port which was completed in 2006. President Mamnoon Hussain visited China to Expansion of Gwadar Port then ceased discuss the plans for an economic corridor in thereafter owing to political instability in Pakistan. Two months later, Pakistan Prime Pakistan following the fall of General Pervez Minister Nawaz Sharif met with Premier Li Musharraf and subsequent conflict between Kequiang in China to discuss further plans, the Pakistani state and Taliban militants. resulting in the full scope of the project to be The current form of the project was first devised under Sharif's tenure. In November proposed by Pakistan People’s Party when 2014, Chinese government announced its President Asif Ali Zardari invited heads of all intention to finance Chinese companies as the political parties to a Luncheon in honour part of its $45.6 billion energy and of the Chinese Premier Li Keqiang at the infrastructure projects in Pakistan as part of Aiwan-e-Sadr on 22 May 2013. Chinese CPEC. Premier Li Keqiang and the Pakistani During the state visit of Xi Jinping to Pakistan President Asif Ali Zardari have agreed to in April 2015, he wrote in an open editorial build an economic corridor between the two stating: “This will be my first trip to Pakistan, countries.Both sides have decided to further but I feel as if I am going to visit the home of enhance mutual connectivity and both sides my own brother.” On 20 April 2015, Pakistan are connected to develop the long term plan and China signed an agreement to commence for a China-Pakistan economic corridor. work on the $46 billion agreement, which is President Asif Ali Zardari and Chinese roughly 20% of Pakistan's annual GDP, with Premier Li Keqiang witnessed the signing 122 IJRAR- International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews Research Paper [VOLUME 4 I ISSUE 2 I APRIL – JUNE 2017] e ISSN 2348 –1269, Print ISSN 2349-5138 http://ijrar.com/ Cosmos Impact Factor 4.236 approximately $28 billion worth of fast- service between China and Pakistan, tracked “Early Harvest” projects to be departed from Yunnan. A cargo train loaded developed by the end of 2018. As a gesture of with 500 tonnes of commodities left Kunming friendship, the Pakistani capital at that time for the port city of Guangzhou from where the was dotted with slogans and signboards such cargo will be loaded on ships and transported as “Pakistan-China friendship is higher than to Karachi, marking the opening of the new the mountains, deeper than the oceans, route. The new rail, sea freight will cut sweeter than honey, and stronger than steel logistics cost, including that of transport, by an oft repeated phrase coined by the Chinese 50 per cent. to describe their deep ties to Pakistan. In November 2016, China announced an On 12 August 2015 in the city of Karamay, additional $8.5 billion investment in Pakistan China and Pakistan signed 20 more with $4.5 billion allocated to upgrade agreements worth $1.6 billion to further Pakistan's main railway line from Karachi to augment the scale and scope of CPEC. Details Peshawar including tracks, speed and of the plan are opaque, but are said to mainly signalling, and $4 billion toward an LNG focus on increasing energy generation terminal and transmission lines to help capacity. As part of the agreement, Pakistan alleviate energy shortages. In February 2017, and China have agreed to co-operate in the the Egyptian Ambassador to Pakistan field of space research. expressed interested in CPEC cooperation. In January 2017, the Chief Minister Pervez In September and October 2015, the Khattak of Khyber Pakthunkhwha stated that government of the United Kingdom he had received assurances from Chinese announced two separate grants to the investment companies that they would invest Government of Pakistan for construction of up to $20 billion for projects. In March 2017, roadways that are complementary to CPEC. In an agreement was signed for the projects November 2015, China included the CPEC which include: a $1.5bn oil refinery, irrigation into its 13th five-year development plan, projects worth $2 billion, a $2 billion while in December 2015, China and Pakistan motorway between Chitral and DI Khan, and agreed on a further $1.5 billion investment to $7 billion worth of hydro-electric projects.
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