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Amanitaceae 22-02-2021 Amanitaceae 22-02-2021 Jean Werts & Joke De Sutter Amanitaceae • Alfabetische index • Amanitaceae geslachten alfabetisch • Bibliografie Prof. Dr. P. Van der Veken Amanitaceae geslachten alfabetisch • Amanita • Limacella Geslacht Amanita - Amaniet • Symbionten met loof- en naaldbomen. Het algemeen velum verslijmt nooit, en laat een beurs of vlokjes na rond de steelvoet, of plakjes op de hoed. Het partiëel velum verdwijnt volledig of laat een ring na. • Amanita macroscopische sleutel Hans Vermeulen • Amanita foto’s & hyperlinken • Amanita soorten lage landen Amanita genus - Introduction and Identification Key to Common Species in Britain and Ireland Amanita soorten lage landen Amanita battarrae Gezoneerde slanke amaniet Amanita caesarea Keizeamaniet Amanita ceciliae Prachtamaniet Amanita citrina Gele knolamaniet Amanita crocea Saffraanamaniet Amanita eliae Roze amaniet Amanita excelsa Grauwe amaniet Amanita franchetii Geelwrattige amaniet Amanita friabilis Elzenamaniet Amanita fulva Roodbruine slanke amaniet Amanita soorten lage landen Amanita inopinata Zwarte amaniet Amanita junquillea Narcisamaniet Amanita lividopallescens Bleke amaniet Amanita mairei Zilvergrijze amaniet Amanita muscaria Vliegenzwam Amanita olivaceogrisea Kleine brokkelzakamaniet Amanita pantherina Panteramaniet Amanita phalloides Groene knolamaniet Amanita porphyria Porfieramaniet Amanita soorten lage landen Amanita rubescens Parelamaniet Amanita simulans Dubbelgangeramaniet Amanita solitaria Stekelkopamaniet Amanita strobiliformis Franjeamaniet Amanita submembranacea Brokkelzakamaniet Amanita umbrinolutea Grijsbruine slanke amaniet Amanita vaginata Grijze slanke amaniet Amanita verna Vroege knolamaniet Amanita virosa Kleverige knolamaniet Amanita vittadinii Schubsteelamaniet Amanita macroscopische sleutel Hans Vermeulen • 1a: steel zonder ring; hoedrand reeds jong gestreept. 2a 1b • 1b (1a): steel met ring; hoedrand reeds jong gestreept. 8a 1c • 1c (1b): steel met ring; hoedrand niet gestreept of bij oude exemplaren kort gestreept. 11a • 2a (1a): hoed niet bleek- tot okergeel; zonder plakjes of met grijze plakjes. 3a 2b • 2b (2a): hoed bleek- tot okergeel, soms met zalmroze tint in het midden; met witte plakjes. 8a • 3a (2a): beurs verbrokkeld onder vorm van vlokkige gordels op de steelvoet. 4a 3b • 3b (3a): beurs duidelijk zakvormig. 5a • 4a (3a): onder Els; hoed 3 – 6 cm, grijs, met donkergrijze tot rozebruine plakjes; steel 5 – 10 cm, met grijze schubjes op witte achtergrond. Amanita friabilis Elzenamaniet 4b • 4b (4a): op kalkrijke bodem onder loofbomen; hoed 10 – 15 cm, bruin met donker midden en grote, grijze, melige plakjes; steel 12 – 20 cm, met grijze tot grijsbruine schubjes. Amanita ceciliae Prachtamaniet • In Zuid-België komt op zure bodem onder Spar of loofbomen nog de Brokkelzakamaniet (A. submembranacea) voor met een olijfbruine hoed zonder plakjes. (Enkele bij jonge exemplaren). • 5a (3b): hoed uitgesproken grijs of wit. 6a 5b • 5b (5a): hoed okerkleurig, olijfoker of oranjegeel tot oranjebruin. 7a • 6a (5a): hoed bleekgrijs, 3 – 10 cm, met bult, kaal of zeer zelden met brede, grijze plakjes; steel 6 – 12 cm, wit, vlokkig, vaak bij populier. Amanita vaginata Grijze slanke amaniet 6b • 6b (6a): hoed wit, rest zoals vorige. Amanita vaginata var. alba Witte slanke amaniet • 7a (5b): hoed warm geel- tot oranjebruin, 4 – 10 cm, met bult: steel 6 – 12 cm, jong wit, later meer okerkleurig; beurs eerst wit, later bleek oranje; op vochtige zure bodem, meestal onder Berk of Eik. Amanita fulva 7b Roodbruine slanke amaniet • Op dezelfde groeiplaats komt nog de Saffraanamaniet (A. crocea) voor die zich onderscheidt door een saffraan- tot oranjegele hoed. • 7b (7a): hoed roomkleurig tot bleek okerkleurig, oud okergrijs, 8 – 15 cm, met platte bult; steel 7 – 20 cm, met zigzagvormige olijfgele gordels op bleke ondergrond; beurs wit, binnenzijdegrijs; op kalkrijke bodem onder loofbomen. Amanita lividopallescens Bleke amaniet • In Zuid-België komt op zure bodem onder Spar ook nog de Grijsbruine slanke amaniet (A. umbrinolutea) voor met geelbruine hoed met olijfkleurige tint en vliezige beurs met rosse vlekjes. • 8a (2b): hoed bleek- tot okergeel, soms met zalmroze tint in het midden. 9a 8b • 8b (8a): hoed oranjerood tot rood, of bruin. 10a • 9a (8a): hoed geel, zalmroze verkleurend vanuit het midden, 4 – 10 cm, klokvormig met brede bult; steel tot 12 cm, slank, wit, vlokkig, met een vergankelijke beurs die meestal herleid is tot enkele gordels; onder Eik op zure bodem. Amanita eliae 9b Roze amaniet • 9b (9a): hoed effen geel, 4 – 7 cm, zonder bult; steel 6 – 10 cm, wit, met vlezige of vlokkige witte beurs; op zure bodem, vaak onder Den. Amanita junquillea Narcisamaniet • 10a (8b): hoed 5 – 10 cm, bleekbruin tot kastanjebruin met melkwitte kleine plakjes; steel 6 – 10 cm, wit, met vliezige beurs waarboven vaak nog 1 of 2 gordels voorkomen; onder loofbomen, zelden onder naaldbomen. Amanita pantherina Panteramaniet 10b • 10b (10a): hoed 6 – 12 cm, jong rood, later oranjerood tot oranjegeel verblekend; met kleine witte vlokkige plakjes; steel 12 – 25 cm, wit, met een beurs die opbreekt in gordels. Amanita muscaria Vliegenzwam Zie opmerking volgende dia • De Keizeramaniet (A. caesarea) heeft een kale oranje hoed, gele plaatjes en een gele steel met witte zakvormige beurs. Deze mediterrane soort staat bekend als een van de lekkerste paddenstoelen, maar komt helaas niet in Vlaanderen voor. • 11a (1c): steelvoet zonder beurs, of met verbrokkelde resten van een beurs. 12a 11b • 11b (11a): steelvoet met een duidelijk afgelijnde vlezige beurs. 17a • 12a (11a): steelvoet met een halfbolronde gerande knol. 17a 12b • 12b (12a): steelvoet gewoon verdikt of met een ei- of raapvormige, niet of vaag gerande knol. 13a • 13a (12b): hoed wit of bleekgrijs; steelvoet met gordels van beursresten en +- wortelend. 14a 13b • 13b (13a): hoed met andere kleur; steelvoet met weinig of geen beursresten. 15a • 14a (13a): hoed 6 – 15 cm, met spitse, kegelvormige wratten; plaatjes vaak met groene tint; steel wit, 10 – 15 cm, wortelend; op kalkrijke bodem tijdens de zomer onder loof- en naaldbomen. Amanita solitaria Stekelkopamaniet 14b • 14b (14a): hoed 8 – 20 cm, wit, met rafelige rand en wrattige en vlokkige velumresten; plaatjes wit; steel 7 – 20 cm, wit, met raapvormige voet; op kalkrijke bodem tijdens de herfst in bossen. Amanita strobiliformis Franjeamaniet • 15a (13b): vlees met onbeduidende geur, in de vraatsporen rood of +- bruin verkleurend. 16a 15b • 15b (15a): vlees met geur van rauwe aardappel, onveranderlijk wit; hoed 6 – 15 cm, grijsbruin tot sepiabruin; met witte, later grijze plakjes; steel 8 – 20 cm, witachtig of bleekgrijs, vaak met bruine vlekjes; op zure humusrijke • bodem. Amanita excelsa Grauwe amaniet • De Grauwe amaniet is in Midden-België bijna even algemeen als de Parelamaniet maar beduidend zeldzamer in de Kempen en de provincies Oost- en West- Vlaanderen. • 16a (15a): vlees alleen bruin verkleurend in de steelvoet; hoed 6 – 8 cm, okergeel tot olijfbruin, met grijs- tot okergele wrattige plakjes; steel 5 – 8 cm, wit, vlokkig; ring en knol gezoomd met bruingele vlokken; in loofbos op kalkrijke bodem (alleen in Midden-België). Amanita francheti Geelwrattige amaniet 16b • 16b (16a): vlees rood verkleurend; hoed 5 – 12 cm, vleeskleurig of licht okerbruin, soms bleek met rozerode vlekken of oud ook vaak purperbruin; met grijze of beigegrijze wrattige plakjes; plaatjes wit, oud met roze vlekjes; steel 56 – 16 cm, wit tot vleeskleurig; met witte gestreepte ring; in loof- en naaldbos op alle bodemtypes. Amanita rubescens Geelwrattige amaniet Zie opmerking volgende dia • De Geelgeringde parelamaniet (A. rubescens var annulosulfurea) heeft een zwavelgele ring. • 17a (12a): Geur sterk naar rauwe aardappel; steelvoet met halfbolronde gerande knol. 18a 17b • 17b (17a): geur niet naar rauwe aardappel; steelvoet met een zakvormige beurs. 20a • 18a (17a): hoed wit of citroengeel. 19a 18b • 18b (18a): hoed grijs- tot purperbruin, glanzend, 4 – 8 cm; steel 7 – 10 cm, onder de witte ring bleek lilagrijs; vooral onder naaldbomen. Amanita porphyria Porfieramaniet • 19a (18a): hoed 4 – 10 cm, citroengeel, met gele tot vuilbruine brede plakken; steel 6 – 12 cm, bleek citroengeel met witte gestreepte ring; op zure bodem in naald- en loofbos, bijzonder in Beukenbos. Amanita citrina var. citrina 19b Gele knolamaniet • 19b (19a): zoals vorige, maar volledig wit. Amanita citrina var. alba Witte knolamaniet • 20a (17b): hoed geelgroen, olijfgroen of wit. 21a 20b • 20b (20a): hoed roodbruin tot donkerbruin, glanzend; met melkwitte plakjes, 10 – 15 cm; steel 6 – 10 cm, wit; in zuur loofbos (of bergnaaldwoud). Amanita pantherina var. abietum Ongestreepte panteramaniet • 21a (20a): hoed wit. 22a 21b • 21b (21a): hoed 6 – 15 cm, geel- tot olijfgroen of zelden grijsgroen, straalsgewijs vezelig gestreept en glimmend; steel 8 – 15 cm, onder de witte ring met groenige vlokkige banden op witte ondergrond; vooral onder Eik of Beuk. Amanita phalloides Groene knolamaniet • 22a (21a): hoed 6 – 15 cm, gewelfd, droog; steel 5 – 15 cm, recht, wit, niet vlokkig; binnenzijde van de beurs met groene tint; onder Eik of Beuk. Amanita phalloides var. alba 22b • 22b (22a): hoed 4 – 7 cm, typisch kegel- tot klokvormig met brede bult, kleverig bij vocht, droog glad; steel 8 – 15 cm, slank, vaak gekromd, wit, vlokkig, met vluchtige ring; op vochtige plaatsen tussen mos in zure loofbossen. Het vlees kleurt geel in KOH. Amanita virosa Kleverige knolamaniet Zie opmerking volgende dia • De Vroege knolamaniet (A.
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