Universidade Federal Do Paraná Vinícius Bednarczuk De Oliveira Estudo Morfoanatômico, Fitoquímico E Biológico Das Frondes D

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Universidade Federal Do Paraná Vinícius Bednarczuk De Oliveira Estudo Morfoanatômico, Fitoquímico E Biológico Das Frondes D UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ VINÍCIUS BEDNARCZUK DE OLIVEIRA ESTUDO MORFOANATÔMICO, FITOQUÍMICO E BIOLÓGICO DAS FRONDES DA ESPÉCIE VEGETAL Dicksonia sellowiana (Presl.) Hook. (DICKSONIACEAE) CURITIBA 2016 VINÍCIUS BEDNARCZUK DE OLIVEIRA ESTUDO MORFOANATÔMICO, FITOQUIMICO E BIOLÓGICO DAS FRONDES DA ESPÉCIE VEGETAL Dicksonia sellowiana (Presl.) Hook. (DICKSONIACEAE) Tese apresentada ao Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Setor de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Federal do Paraná, como requisito parcial para a obtenção do título de Doutor em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Orientador: Dr. Obdulio Gomes Miguel Coorientadora: Drª. Marilis Dallarmi Miguel CURITIBA 2016 Oliveira, Vinícius Bednarczuk de Estudo morfoanatômico, fitoquímico e biológico das frondes da espécie vegetal Dicksonia sellowiana (Presl.) Hook. (Dicksoniaceae) / Vinícius Bednarczuk de Oliveira – Curitiba, 2016. 171 f. : il. (algumas color.) ; 30 cm Orientador: Professor Dr. Obdulio Gomes Miguel Coorientadora: Professora Dra. Marilis Dallarmi Miguel Tese (doutorado) – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Setor de Ciências da Saúde. Universidade Federal do Paraná. 2016. Inclui bibliografia 1. Dicksonia sellowiana. 2. Dicksoniaceae. 3. Analítica. 4. Ácido gálico. 5. Atividades biológicas. I. Miguel, Obdulio Gomes. II. Miguel, Marilis Dallarmi. III. Universidade Federal do Paraná. IV. Título. CDD 615.321 AGRADECIMENTOS Desafio tão grande quanto escrever esta tese é conseguir agradecer todas às pessoas que direta ou indiretamente fizeram parte da construção deste trabalho, pois sozinhos não construímos nada. Primeiramente gostaria de agradecer a DEUS pelo dom da vida e que nas horas mais difíceis me deu forças, serenidade e sabedoria para continuar. A meus pais, minha esposa e familiares, pela compreensão nas horas que estive ausente, pelos incentivos e apoio nas horas que precisei. A Universidade Federal do Paraná, ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas pela oportunidade de continuar meus estudos e realizar este trabalho. Ao Dr. Obdulio Gomes Miguel e Drª Marilis Dallarmi Miguel pela orientação, ensinamentos, confiança e amizade nesses seis últimos anos, desde o mestrado. A todos os professores do programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, pelos ensinamentos científicos e lições de vida. Aos Departamentos de Química e Bioquímica da UFPR, pela utilização de equipamentos que ajudaram na construção deste trabalho. A Profª Dra. Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis e a doutoranda Camila Tainah da Silva do programa de Pós-Graduação em Microbiologia e Imunologia da UNIFESP pela realização dos ensaios de citotoxicidade. A Dr.ª Cristiane Bezerra da Silva pela realização dos ensaios morfoanatômicos e histoquímicos. Aos amigos Ana Flávia Schvabe Duarte, Ângela Souza, Beatriz Hirota, Camila Freitas de Oliveira, Cristiane da Silva Paula, Daniela Maria Soares de Oliveira, Ellis Szabo, Fernanda Maria Marins Ocampos, Fernando Betim, Francis Zortéa Merino, Gislene Mari Fujiwara, Isabel Mignoni Homem, Katlin Rech, Luciane Dalarmi, Maria Christina Verdam, Mariana Saragioto Krause, Marileda Zucheto, Paula Moura, Pedro Zanin, Ranieri Campos, Ricardo de Lara, Samantha Gollin, que, de diversas formas entre conversas e cafés, contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho. A Profª Dra. Josiane de Fátima Gaspari Dias, Profª Dra. Sandra Zanin, Profº Dr. Vitor Alberto Kerber, pelos ensinamentos e contribuições. Ao Paulo Diniz, do laboratório de farmacotécnica pelo apoio e disponibilidade constante e à Maria da Graça da Central Analítica sempre simpática e amiga, pelo grande apoio técnico, auxiliando em todas as necessidades. Agradeço também à CAPES pelo suporte financeiro e bolsa de estudo. AGRADECIMENTOS ESPECIAIS Gostaria de agradecer de forma especial a duas pessoas que neste período durante a Pós-Graduação fizeram toda a diferença na minha vida para que este trabalho fosse elaborado; Primeiramente, gostaria de agradecer à Consuelo Bednarczuk, minha MÃE, por todos os esforços, valores e conhecimentos passados durante a vida, e que me possibilitaram ingressar no mestrado e no doutorado. Presente ou espiritualmente, ela sempre colaborou muito para a minha formação profissional. Agradeço também à Verônica Del Gragnano Stasiak Bednarczuk de Oliveira, minha esposa, que de forma mais do que especial, colaborou neste período de doutorado para que este trabalho fosse realizado, me amparando em todos os momentos necessários, bons ou ruins. Juntos superamos e aproveitamos unidos! Este período nos ensinou a verdade sobre nosso relacionamento, e juntos construímos uma FAMÍLIA. A estas duas mulheres que em minha vida fizeram toda a diferença, eu dedico este trabalho. “A ciência é uma disposição de aceitar os fatos mesmo quando eles são opostos aos desejos”. (Burrhus Frederic Skinner) “O ser humano vivencia a si mesmo, seus pensamentos como algo separado do resto do universo, numa espécie de ilusão de ótica de sua consciência. E essa ilusão é uma espécie de prisão que nos restringe a nossos desejos pessoais, conceitos e ao afeto por pessoas mais próximas. Nossa principal tarefa é a de nos livrarmos dessa prisão, ampliando o nosso círculo de compaixão, para que ele abranja todos os seres vivos e toda a natureza em sua beleza. Ninguém conseguirá alcançar completamente esse objetivo, mas lutar pela sua realização já é por si só parte de nossa liberação e o alicerce de nossa segurança interior”. (Albert Einstein) RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho concentrou-se na realização de uma abordagem fitoquímica, morfoanatômica e analítica da espécie vegetal Dicksonia sellowiana Presl. Hook. (Dicksoniaceae). Esta espécie, conhecida popularmente como xaxim, encontra-se na lista do IBAMA como ameaçada de extinção desde 2001. Tendo-se que esta planta endêmica da mata atlântica encontra-se em perigo de extinção, as frondes de Dicksonia sellowiana foram doadas pela empresa CHAMEL, que possui no município de Inácio Martins (Paraná) uma plantação de xaxim. O material foi seco em estufa e armazenado para a preparação dos extratos vegetais para testes analíticos. Na sequência, foi realizado estudo morfoanatômico e histoquímico verificando a presença de flavonoides a taninos nas frondes. Na preparação dos extratos vegetais por diferentes métodos e solventes, verificou-se que o método de extração influencia no extrato vegetal desde a quantidade de sólidos até na atividade biológica que demonstrou uma alta concentração de polifenóis, principalmente de proantocianidinas, relacionadas diretamente a alta atividade antioxidante observada. Na análise dos órgãos da fronde verificou-se que a maior atividade está relacionada aos folíolos, apresentando, através de análise de UPLC-MS, diversos flavonoides derivados da quercetina e do kaempeferol. Na atividade alelopática apenas o extrato bruto apresentou atividade na velocidade de germinação. Foram identificados três fitoesteróis presentes na fração hexano, sendo estes o β-sitosterol, campesterol e estigmasterol. Nas atividades utilizando o padrão ácido gálico, o mesmo apresentou atividade citotóxica no modelo testado e ativação de neutrófilos humanos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Dicksonia sellowiana, Dicksoniaceae, analítica, ácido gálico, atividades biológicas. ABSTRACT This study aimed to conduct a phytochemical, morphoanatomical and analytical approach to plant species Dicksonia sellowiana Presl. Hook. (Dicksoniaceae). This species known popularly as tree fern is the list of IBAMA as endangered since 2001. To carry out this project as this endemic plant of the rainforest is in danger of extinction, the fronds of Dicksonia sellowiana were donated by CHAMEL company It has the Inácio Martins municipality in the state of Paraná one tree fern plantation. This material was dried in an oven and stored for the preparation of plant extracts for analytical testing. Following was held morphoanatomical and immunohistochemical study verifying the presence of the flavonoid tannins in the fronds. In the preparation of plant extracts with different methods and solvents, it was found that the extraction method influences the plant extract from the amount of solids to the biological activity demonstrated a high concentration of polyphenols, mainly proanthocyanidins directly related to high antioxidant activity observed. The analysis of the frond bodies verified that the greatest activity is related to the leaflets, showing by UPLC-MS analysis, various derivatives of flavonoids quercetin and kaempeferol. In allelopathic only the crude extract showed activity in the germination rate. three phytosterols present were identified in the hexane fraction, these being the β-sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. The activities using the standard gallic acid, it showed cytotoxic activity on the tested model and activation of human neutrophils. KEYWORDS: Dicksonia sellowiana, Dicksoniaceae, Analytics, Gallic acid, Biological activities. Lista de Figuras Figura 1 - Classificação das samambaias .......................................................... 9 Figura 2 - Exemplares da espécie Dicksonia sellowiana (Presl.) Hook. ........... 12 Figura 3 - Distribuição da espécie Dicksonia sellowiana pelo mundo. ............. 14 Figura 4 - Distribuição geográfica da espécie Dicksonia sellowiana no Brasil . 14 Figura 5 - Locais que realizaram pesquisa com a espécie Dicksonia sellowiana ......................................................................................................................... 15 Figura 6 - Estruturas químicas isoladas e identificadas na espécie Dicksonia
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