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Reviewing, Investigating Diversity Microwave Filters University of Bradford eThesis This thesis is hosted in Bradford Scholars – The University of Bradford Open Access repository. Visit the repository for full metadata or to contact the repository team © University of Bradford. This work is licenced for reuse under a Creative Commons Licence. DESIGN, MODELLING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SEVERAL MULTI-STANDARD HIGH PERFORMANCE SINGLE-WIDEBAND AND MULTI-WIDEBAND MICROWAVE PLANAR FILTERS Y. X. TU PhD UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD 2016 DESIGN, MODELLING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SEVERAL MULTI-STANDARD HIGH PERFORMANCE SINGLE-WIDEBAND AND MULTI-WIDEBAND MICROWAVE PLANAR FILTERS Y. X. TU Ph. D. 2016 DESIGN, MODELLING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SEVERAL MULTI-STANDARD HIGH PERFORMANCE SINGLE-WIDEBAND AND MULTI-WIDEBAND MICROWAVE PLANAR FILTERS Analysis, Simulation and Measurements of Multi-Standard Uniplanar High Performance Asymmetric Stepped Impedance Resonator Single / Dual-Wideband Filters With Wide Stopband And Triple-Wideband / Quadruple-Wideband / Quint-Wideband Filters YUXIANG TU BSc, MSc Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Engineering and Informatics University of Bradford 2016 DESIGN, MODELLING AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SEVERAL MULTI-STANDARD HIGH PERFORMANCE SINGLE-WIDEBAND AND MULTI-WIDEBAND MICROWAVE PLANAR FILTERS Analysis, Simulation and Measurements of Multi-Standard Uniplanar High Performance Asymmetric Stepped Impedance Resonator Single / Dual-Wideband Filters With Wide Stopband And Triple-Wideband / Quadruple-Wideband / Quint- Wideband Filters Keywords: Microwave Planar Filters, Asymmetric Stepped Impedance Resonator (ASIR), Multi- standard, Single-wideband, Dual-wideband, Triple-wideband, Quadruple-wideband, quint-wideband filters, Wide Stopband, Wireless Communication. Abstract The objectives of this work are to review, investigate and model the microwave planar filters of the modern wireless communication system. The recent main stream of microwave filters are classified and discussed separately. Various microwave filters with detailed applications are investigated in terms of their geometrical structures and operational performances. Theoretical A comprehensive theoretical study of microwave filters is presented. The main types of microwave filters including the basic low-pass filters such as Butterworth and Chebyshev filters are fully analysed and described in detail. The transformation from low-pass prototype filters to high-pass filters, band-pass filters and band-stop filters are illustrated and introduced. Research work on stepped impedance resonator (SIR) and asymmetric stepped impedance resonator (ASIR) structure is presented. The characteristics of λg/4, λg/2 and λg (λg is the guided wavelength of the fundamental frequency in the free space) type SIR resonators, and the characteristic of asymmetric SIR resonator are categorized and investigated. Based on the content mentioned above, novel multi-standard high performance asymmetric stepped impedance resonator single-wideband and dual-wideband filters with wide stopbands are proposed. The methodologies to realize wide passband and wide stop-band filters are detailed. In addition, multi-standard high performance triple- wideband, quadruple-wideband and quint-wideband filters are suggested and studied. The measurement results for all prototype filters agree well with the theoretical predictions and simulated results from Ansoft HFSS software. The featured broad bandwidths over single/multiple applicable frequency bands and the high performances of the proposed filters make them very promising for applications in future multi- standard wireless communication. Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGMENT................................................................................................. I ACRONYMS............................................................................................................... IIX LIST OF FIGURES...................................................................................................... XI LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................... VXI 1. INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION......................................................................1 1.2 THESIS OBJECTIVES...........................................................................................2 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS......................................................................... 4 1.4 REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 8 2. MICROWAVE FILTERS OVERVIEW..............................................................11 2.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................ 11 2.2 LUMPED-ELEMENT LC FILTERS...................................................................... 11 2.3 PLANAR STRUCTURE FILTERS......................................................................... 12 2.3.1MICROSTRIP FILTERS..................................................................................12 2.3.2COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE FILTERS...............................................................17 2.4 NON-PLANAR STRUCTURE FILTERS................................................................ 20 2.5 NEW MATERIALS, NEW STRUCTURES AND NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN MODERN MICROWAVE FILTERS....................................................................................21 2.6 REFERENCES.................................................................................................... 27 3. THE BASIC THEORY OF FILTERS................................................................. 40 3.1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 40 3.2 THREE TYPES OF BASIC FILTER......................................................................... 43 3.2.1 MAXIMALLY FLAT FILTER (BUTTERWORTH FILTER).................................. 43 3.2.2 CHEBYSHEV FILTER....................................................................................45 3.2.3 ELLIPTIC FILTER......................................................................................... 46 3.3 FREQUENCY TRANSFORM FROM THE LOW-PASS PROTOTYPE......................... 48 3.3.1 FREQUENCY TRANSFORM BETWEEN LOW-PASS FILTER AND LOW-PASS PROTOTYPE.............................................................................................. 49 3.3.2 FREQUENCY TRANSFORM BETWEEN THE HIGH-PASS FILTER AND THE LOW- PASS PROTOTYPE......................................................................................50 3.3.3FREQUENCY TRANSFORM BETWEEN BAND-PASS FILTER AND LOW-PASS PROTOTYPE............................................................................................... 51 3.3.4FREQUENCY TRANSFORM BETWEEN BAND-STOP FILTER AND LOW-PASS PROTOTYPE................................................................................................. 53 3.4REFERENCES...................................................................................................... 54 4. A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF STEPPED IMPEDANCE RESONATOR STRUCTURE (SIR) AND ASYMMETRIC STEPPED IMPEDANCE RESONATOR STRUCTURE.................................................................................. ....55 4.1 THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF SIR.........................................................................55 4.2 THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SIR.........................................................................58 4.2.1 THE RESONANCE CONDITION OF SIR........................................................... 58 4.2.2 ELECTRICAL LENGTHS OF SIR..................................................................... 59 4.3 SPURIOUS FREQUENCY OF SIR..........................................................................63 4.4 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT OF SIR.............................................................................65 4.5 THE ASYMMETRIC STEPPED IMPEDANCE RESONATOR (ASIR) ............................68 4.5.1 CHARACTERISTIC OF THE ASYMMETRIC SIR UNIT ...................................... 68 4.5.2 THE ANTI-PARALLEL ASYMMETRIC SIR UNIT...............................................70 4.6 REFERENCE........................................................................................................74 5.NOVEL MULTI-STANDARD DUAL-WIDEBAND AND QUAD-WIDEBAND ASYMMETRIC STEP IMPEDANCE RESONATOR FILTERS WITH WIDE STOP BAND ................................................................................................................. 75 5.1OVERVIEW OF DUAL-BAND FILTERS AND DESIGN BACKGROUND.................. 75 5.2 FILTER COUPLING AND CONFIGURATION...........................................................82 5.2.1THE TYPES OF COUPLING.............................................................................82 5.2.2THE NOVEL SKEW-SYMMETRICAL ASYMMETRIC SIR COUPLED PAIR....... 83 5.2.3THE COUPLING CHARACTERISTIC OF SKEW-SYMMETRICAL ASYMMETRIC SIR COUPLED PAIR......................................................................................84 5.2.4THE CHARACTERISTIC OF ELECTRIC LENGTH RATIO Α AND OF IMPEDANCE RATIO K IN SKEW SYMMETRICAL ASYMMETRIC SIR COUPLE PAIR........................................................................................................... 85 5.3THE MODIFIED SKEW-SYMMETRICAL ASYMMETRIC SIR FILTER...................... 89 5.3.1 SS-ASIR FILTER WITH OPEN STUB AND FOLDED COUPLED LINES.......... 89 5.3.2
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