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The Jackson Era Netw Rks There’S More Online About the People and 1824–1845 Events of the Jackson Era

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The Jackson Era Netw Rks There’S More Online About the People and 1824–1845 Events of the Jackson Era The Jackson Era netw rks There’s More Online about the people and 1824–1845 events of the Jackson Era. CHAPTER 12 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS • What are the characteristics of a leader? Lesson 1 • What are the consequences when cultures interact? • How do governments change? Jacksonian Democracy Lesson 2 Confl icts Over Land Lesson 3 Jackson and the Bank The Story Matters . He has put up a strong fi ght to save the land he believes the United States had promised his people. Now, weakened by illness, Osceola is ready for peace. He arrives at Fort Peyton carrying a white fl ag of truce. There, United States soldiers arrest Osceola and send him as a prisoner to a South Carolina fort. At the fort, Osceola senses death approaching. He prepares by dressing in his fi nest clothes. Luckily for history, artist George Catlin is at the prison that day. He asks Osceola’s permission to paint him in his fi ne clothing. Within days of sitting for this portrait, Osceola is dead. In this chapter you will learn more about Osceola and the fi ght that he and other Native Americans waged against the United States to protect their land, rights, and freedom. ◀ This portrait of Seminole leader Osceola was painted shortly before his death in 1838. Superstock/Getty Images 327 321_323_DOPA_SE_MS_C12_CO_659693.indd 321 PDF PROOF 3/9/11 2:28 PM Program: DOPA Component: Student Vendor: Six Red Marbles Grade: Middle School FL CHAPTER 12 Place and Time: United States 1820s and 1840s n L Wisconsin ga . H hi u ic r As American settlement Territory o M n . spread to the West, L nt Americans came into confl ict The Removal of Native Americans 1820–1840 L. O with the Native Americans Michigan rie who lived there. Over time, Iowa L. E Native Americans were Territory pushed even farther west. Penn M Illinois Ohio i s s Unorganized is Indiana s ip Territory p Step Into the Place i R . Arkansas M R. is . sou R MAP FOCUS During the Jackson ri R. io h Virginia O Era, the Indian Removal Act forced Missouri Kentucky land R. ber the Seminole and other eastern m u Fort C Native Americans to move from Indian Gibson No Fort Tennessee their homelands to new homes Territory Smith Caro Memphis west of the Mississippi River. T Fort enn ess Coffee ee R. Disputed area South 1 REGION Look at the map. In what Arkansas Carolina part of Florida did the Seminole live? Territory Mississippi Georgia Alabama 2 MOVEMENT How did the Vicksburg removal route of the Seminole diff er Republic of from that of the other groups? Texas 3 HUMANENVIRONMENT Louisiana INTERACTION What kinds of New Orleans challenges might Native Americans Florida have encountered when traveling Territory such long distances? MEXICO 4 CRITICAL THINKING Gulf of Mexico Analyzing How might the removal 0 400 miles of the Native Americans have 0 400 km enabled greater expansion of the Albers Equal-Area projection United States? 95°W 90°W 85°W JamesJM Monroe JohnJh QAQ. Adamsd 1817–1825 1821 Spain offi cially transfers 1825–1829 Florida to the United States 18 Step Into the Time Con 1823 Monroe Doctrine is issued Ind TIME LINE Look at the time U.S. PRESIDENTS line. What events suggest a U.S. EVENTS weakening of Spain’s colonial 1820 1825 empire in the Americas? WORLD EVENTS 1824 Peru gains independence, ending 1826 French scientist 18 Spanish rule in South America Niepce produces fi rst rea photograph 328 The Jackson Era White House Historical Association Whit 321_323_DOPA_SE_MS_C12_CO_659693.indd 322 PDF PROOF 9/30/11 1:47 PM Program: DOPA Component: Student Vendor: Six Red Marbles Grade: Middle School FL MAP Explore the interactive NGSSS covered in Place and Time netw rks version of this map on NETWORKS. Students will understand the following benchmarks from There’s More Online! TIME LINE Explore the interactive the Florida Next Generation Sunshine State Standards. version of this time line on SS.8.A.1.2 Analyze charts, graphs, maps, photographs and time lines; NETWORKS. analyze political cartoons; determine cause and eff ect. SS.8.A.4.1 Examine the causes, course, and consequences of United n a L. H States westward expansion and its growing diplomatic assertiveness g u r (War of 1812, Convention of 1818, Adams-Onis Treaty, Missouri o Vermont Maine n Compromise, Monroe Doctrine, Trail of Tears, Texas annexation, New Hampshire Manifest Destiny, Oregon Territory, Mexican American War/Mexican ntario Cession, California Gold Rush, Compromise of 1850, Kansas Nebraska L. O 40°N 40 Act, Gadsden Purchase). New York Massachusetts SS.8.A.4.3 Examine the experiences and perspectives of signifi cant rie individuals and groups during this era of American History. Michigan . E L Rhode Island SS.8.A.4.4 Discuss the impact of westward expansion on cultural Connecticut practices and migration patterns of Native American and African Pennsylvania slave populations. N SS.8.A.4.17 Examine key events and peoples in Florida history as each New Jersey Ohio E impacts this era of American history. na W Delaware S Maryland . R io h Virginia O 35°N ntucky land R. ber m u C North nessee Carolina ATLANTIC OCEAN South The Seminole of Florida Carolina 80°W80°W Georgia ma Ceded by Native Americans 30°N Ceded to Native Americans 30°N Common removal route Ft. King Cherokee removal route Chickasaw removal route Gulf of Mexico Ft. Dade Choctaw removal route DadeDade MMassacrea Florida Creek removal route 1835 Territory Seminole removal route Seminole area, 1740–1822 Fort Seminole area, Lake Borders as of 1840 25°N 1822–1842 Okeechobee Seminole reservation, 1823–1832 Fort Battle 85°W 80°W 75°W 70°W AndrewAd JacksonJ k 1834 AbAbraham h LiLincoln l elected l d MartinM ti VBVan Buren WilliamWilli HenryH JohnJh TylerT l 1845 1829–1837 to Illinois state legislature 1837–1841 Harrison 1841 1841–1845 1830 Florida Congress passes 1833 Congress becomes Indian Removal Act passes Force Bill 1838 Cherokee forced to move west a state 1830830 1835 1840 1845845 1829 Louis Braille publishes 1839 Scottish blacksmith Kirkpatrick reading system for the blind 1836 “Nature” by Ralph Waldo Macmillan produces fi rst bicycle Emerson published in Boston 1837 Victoria becomes Queen of Great Britain ation White House Historical Association 329 321_323_DOPA_SE_MS_C12_CO_659693.indd 323 PDF PROOF 3/14/11 3:49 PM Program: DOPA Component: Student FL Vendor: Six Red Marbles Grade: Middle School FL PA 28 netw rks IL IN OH 16 3††† 5 VA There’s More Online! O KY 24 14 NC BIOGRAPHY TN 11 15 AS SC Andrew Jackson Y 11 MS AL GA 3 5 9 GRAPHIC ORGANIZER A Democrats and National Republicans Lesson 1 MAP • The Election of 1824 • The Election of 1828 Jacksonian Democracy VIDEO ESSENTIAL QUESTION What are the characteristics of a leader? It Matters Because During the Jackson Era, the American democracy expanded and our modern political system began to take shape. NGSSS covered in “New Parties Emerge” SS.8.A.1.2 Analyze charts, graphs, maps, New Parties Emerge photographs and time lines; analyze Th political cartoons; determine cause and GUIDING QUESTION What new ways of campaigning appeared during the elections of 1824 eff ect. se SS.8.A.4.8 Describe the infl uence of and 1828? individuals on social and political el developments of this era in American History. From 1816 to 1824, the United States had only one major political SS.8.A.4.16 Identify key ideas and infl uences ag of Jacksonian democracy. party. This was the Democratic Republican Party. The party was SS.8.C.1.4 Identify the evolving forms of civic far from united. In 1824, four Democratic Republican candidates C and political participation from the colonial period through Reconstruction. competed for the presidency. Party leaders chose William H. na SS.8.G.4.6 Use political maps to describe be changes in boundaries and governance Crawford, a former senator from Georgia, to be their candidate. throughout American history. Three other candidates were favorite sons—that is, they ac received backing from their home states rather than the national th party. Their views refl ected the interests of their regions. A Two favorite sons, Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay, were A from the West. Clay, of Kentucky, was Speaker of the House of un Representatives. Jackson, of Tennessee, was a hero of the War of sh 1812. Raised in poverty, he claimed to speak for Americans who had been left out of politics. The third favorite son, John Quincy pl Adams of Massachusetts, was the son of former president John to Adams. He was popular with merchants of the Northeast. The House Chooses the President lim In the election, Jackson received a plurality (pluh • RA • luh • th tee) of the popular vote—the largest share. No candidate C received a majority, or more than half, of the electoral votes. (r) Bettmann/CORBIS SYGMA, (c) CORBIS an Reading HELPDESK Taking Notes: Comparing Party Candidate Views Supporters Content Vocabulary fa As you read, use a diagram like this • favorite son • mudslinging • nominating mo to compare political parties, their • plurality • bureaucracy convention pl candidates, and their supporters. • majority • spoils system m 330 The Jackson Era 324_329_DOPA_SE_MS_C12_L1_659693.indd 324 PDF PROOF 9/30/11 1:44 PM Program: DOPA Component: Student Vendor: Six Red Marbles Grade: Middle School FL THE ELECTION OF 1824 HOUSE OF NH 8 ELECTORAL VOTE REPRESENTATIVES VOTE VT 7 TOTAL: 261 TOTAL: 24 ME 9* 14.2% 37 16.7% MICHIGAN NY MA 15 4 36*** 37.9% TERRITORY RI 4 99 UNORGANIZED CT 8 15.7% 54.2% TERRITORY PA 41 29.2% 13 28 NJ 8 32.2% 7 IL IN OH 16 DE 3** 84 3††† 5 VA MD 11† MO KY 24 3 14 NC POPULAR VOTE TOTAL: 365,928 TN 11 15 11.21% ARKANSAS SC 41,032 3.51% TERRITORY 11 Adams (Democratic Republican) AL GA 12,846 MS 9 12.99% Jackson (Democratic Republican) 3 5 47,545 Crawford (Democratic Republican) LA 41.36% 5†† 30.92% 151,363 Clay (Democratic Republican) 113,142 Other FLORIDA Mixed TERRITORY * Eight electors in Maine voted for Adams and one voted for Jackson.
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