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Report on the Progress and Condition of the United States National Museum for the Year Ended June 30, 1924

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Report on the Progress and Condition of the United States National Museum for the Year Ended June 30, 1924 I . | jranHHHHHSSh |HPP : K HP Hi Hllll ISHIH :,?..:-•: REPORT OF THE U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1924 Main Entrance, Natural History Building, United States National Museum SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM REPORT ON THE PROGRESS AND CON- DITION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1924 2.?S883 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1924 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE "WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 65 CENTS PER COPY (cloth) V United States National Museum, Under Direction of the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C, September 30, 1924. Sir: I have the honor to submit herewith a report upon the present condition of the United States National Museum and upon the work accomplished in its various departments during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1924. Very respectfully, William deC. Bavenel, Administrative Assistant to the Secretary, In charge of the United States National Museum. Dr. Charles D. Walcott, Secretary, Smithsonian Institution. in : : — TABLE OF CONTENTS Page. Staff of the Museum vn Introduction 1 Operations of the year Appropriations 3 Collections 4 Service to the public 10 Visitors * 15 Publications 16 Library 17 Photographic laboratory 18 Buildings and equipment 18 Meetings and receptions 22 Changes in organizations and staff 32 Detailed reports on the collections Department of anthropology, by Walter Hough, head curator 35 Department of biology, by Leonhard Stejneger, head curator 43 Department of geology, by George P. Merrill, head curator 73 Department of arts and industries, W. deC. Ravenel, director Mineral and mechanical technology, by Carl W. Mitman 89 Textiles, medicine, woods, organic chemistry, and food, by F. L. Lewton 97 Graphic arts, by R. P. Tolman 109 Division of history, by T. T. Belote, curator 123 List of accessions 131 List of papers based on the National Collections 187 v ; STAFF OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM [June 30, 1924] Charles D. Walcott, Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, keeper ex officio. William deO. Ravenel, Administrative assistant to the Secretary, in charge of the United States National Museum. SCIENTIFIC STAFF Department of Anthropology : Walter Hough, head curator. Division of Ethnology: Walter Hough, curator ; J. W. Fewkes, collaborator Arthur P. Rice, collaborator. Section of Musical Instruments : Hugo Worch, custodian. Division of American Archeology: Neil M. Judd, curator; R. G. Paine, aid. Division of Old World Archeology: I. M. Casanowicz, assistant curator. Division of Physical Anthropology : Ales HrdliCka, curator ; P. C. Van Natta, aid. Associates in Historic Archeology : Paul I-Iaupt, Cyrus Adler. Department of Biology : Leonhard Stejneger, head curator ; James E. Benedict, assistant curator. Division of Mammals: Gerrit S. Miller, jr., curator. Division of Birds: Robert Ridgway, curator ; Charles W. Richmond, asso- ciate curator ; J. H. Riley, aid ; Bradshaw H. Swales, honorary assistant curator ; Edward J. Brown, collaborator. Division of Reptiles and Batrachians: Leonhard Stejneger, curator; Doris M. Cochran, aid. Division of Fishes: Barton A. Bean, assistant curator. Division of Insects: L. O. Howard, honorary curator; J. M. Aldrich, asso- ciate curator; William Schaus, honorary assistant curator; B. Preston Clark, collaborator. Section of Hymenoptera : S. A. Rohwer, custodian ; W. M. Mann, as- sistant custodian. Section of Myriapoda : O. F. Cook, custodian. Section of Diptera : J. M. Aldrich, in charge ; Charles T. Greene, assist- ant custodian. Section of Muscoid Diptera : C. H. T. Townsend, custodian. Section of Coleoptera : E. A. Schwarz, custodian. Section of Lepidoptera : Harrison G. Dyar, custodian. Section of Orthoptera : A. N. Caudell, custodian. Section of Hemiptera : W. L. McAtee, acting custodian. Section of Forest Tree Beetles : A. D. Hopkins, custodian. VII ; VIII REPORT OF NATIONAL. MUSEUM, 1924 Department of Biology—Continued. Division of Marine Invertebrates : Waldo L. Sehmitt, curator ; C. R. Shoe- maker, assistant curator ; James O. Maloney, aid ; H. K. Harring, cus- todian of the rotatoria ; Mrs. Harriet Richardson Searle, collaborator Max M. Ellis, collaborator. Division of Mollusfos: William H. Dall, honorary curator; Paul Bartsch, curator ; William B. Marshall, assistant curator ; Mary Breen, collab- orator. Section of Helminthological Collections: C. W. Stiles, custodian; B. H. Ransom, assistant custodian. Division of Echinoderms: Austin H. Clark, curator. Division of Plants (National Herbarium) : Frederick V. Colville, honorary curator ; W. R. Maxon, associate curator ; J. N. Rose, associate curator P. C. Standley, associate curator ; Emery C. Leonard, aid ; Ellsworth P. Killip, aid. Section of Grasses : Albert S. Hitchcock, custodian. Section of Cryptogamic Collections: O. F. Cook, assistant curator. Section of Higher Algae : W. T. Swingle, custodian. Section of Lower Fungi : D. G. Fairchild, custodian. Section of Diatoms : Albert Mann, custodian. Associates in Zoology: C. Hart Merriam, W. L. Abbott, Mary J. Rathbun, David Starr Jordan. Associate Curator in Zoology: Hugh M. Smith. Associate in Botany : John Donnell Smith. Associate in Marine Sediments : T. Wayland Vaughan. Collaborator in* Zoology : Robert Sterling Clark. Department of Geology: George P. Merrill, head curator. Division of Physical and Chemical Geology (systematic and applied) : George P. Merrill, curator; E. V. Shannon, assistant curator. Division of Mineralogy and Petrology: F. W. Clarke, honorary curator; W. F. Foshag, assistant curator; Frank L. Hess, custodian of rare metals and rare earths. Division of Stratigraphic Paleontology : R. S. Bassler, curator ; Charles E. Resser, associate curator; Jessie G. Beach, aid. Section of Invertebrate Paleontology : T. W. Stanton, custodian of Mesozoic collection ; William H. Dall, associate curator of Cenozoic collection. Section of Paleobotany : David White, associate curator ; F. H. Knowl- ton, custodian of Mesozoic plants; Edwin R. Pohl, aid. Division of Vertebrate Paleontology: Charles W. Gilmore, curator; James W. Gidley, assistant curator of mammalian fossils. Associates in Paleontology: Frank Springer, E. O. Ulrich. Associate in Petrology : Whitman Cross. Department of Arts and Industries : William deC. Ravenel, director. Divisions of Mineral and Mechanical Technology: Carl W. Mitman, curator; Paul E. Garber, aid; Chester G. Gilbert, honorary curator of mineral technology. Associate in Mineral Technology: Samuel S. Wyer. Division of Textiles: Frederick L. Lewton, curator; Mrs. E. W. Rosson, aid. Section of Wood Technology: William M. N. Watkins, assistant curator. REPORT OF NATIONAL. MUSEUM, 1924 IX Department of Arts and Industries—Continued, Division of Medicine: Charles Whitebread, assistant curator. Division of Graphic Arts: R. P. Tolman, assistant curator; Ralph C. Smith, aid. Section of Photography: A. J. Olmsted, custodian. Loeb Collection of Chemical Types: O. E. Roberts, jr., curator. Division of History: T. T. Belote, curator; Charles Carey, aid; Mrs. C. L. Manning, philat- elist. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF Chief of correspondence and documents, H. S. Bryant. Superintendent of buildings and labor, J. S. Goldsmith. Editor, Marcus Benjamin. Engineer, C. R. Denmark. Disbursing agent, N. W. Dorsey. Photographer, A. J. Olmsted. Property clerk, W. A. Knowles. Assistant librarian, N. P. Scudder. 15371—24 2 REPORT ON THE PROGRESS AND CONDITION OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM FOR THE YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1924 By William deO. Ravenel, Administrative Assistant to the Secretary, In charge of the United States National Museum INTRODUCTION The Congress of the United States in the act of August 10, 1846, founding the Smithsonian Institution recognized that an opportu- nity was afforded, in carrying out the design of Smithson for the increase and diffusion of knowledge, to provide for the custody of the museum of the Nation. To this new establishment was, therefore, intrusted the care and development of the National Collections. At first the cost of maintaining the Museum was paid from the Smith- sonian income; then for a time the Government bore a share, but since 1877 Congress has provided for the expenses of the Museum. The museum idea was fundamental in the organic act establishing the Smithsonian Institution, which was based upon a 12 years' dis- cussion in the Congress and the advice of the most distinguished scientific men, educators, and intellectual leaders of the Nation during the years 1834-46. It is interesting to note how broad and comprehensive were the views which actuated the Congress in deter- mining the scope of the Museum, a fact especially remarkable when it is recalled that at that date no museum of considerable size existed in the United States, and the museums of England and of the Conti- nent of Europe were still to a large extent without a developed plan, although containing many rich collections. The Congress which passed the act of foundation enumerated as within the scope of the Museum " all objects of art and of foreign and curious research and all objects of natural history, plants, and geological and mineralogical specimens belonging to the United States," thus indicating the Museum at the very outset as one of the widest range and at the same time as the Museum of the United States. It was also appreciated that additions would be necessary to 1 2 REPORT OF NATIONAL MUSEUM, 1924 the collections then in existence, and provision was made for their increase by
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