Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Camila Leone

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Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie Camila Leone UNIVERSIDADE PRESBITERIANA MACKENZIE CAMILA LEONE MODELAGEM PARAMÉTRICA: CONCEPÇÃO DE TORRES TORCIDAS E PROTEÇÕES SOLARES PARA ANÁLISE DE ILUMINAÇÃO NATURAL E RADIAÇÃO SOLAR EM EDIFÍCIO COMERCIAL NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO São Paulo 2017 CAMILA LEONE MODELAGEM PARAMÉTRICA: CONCEPÇÃO DE TORRES TORCIDAS E PROTEÇÕES SOLARES PARA ANÁLISE DE ILUMINAÇÃO NATURAL E RADIAÇÃO SOLAR EM EDIFÍCIO COMERCIAL NA CIDADE DE SÃO PAULO Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, como requisito parcial à obtenção do título de Mestre em Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Wilson Florio São Paulo 2017 L583m Leone, Camila Modelagem paramétrica: Concepção de torres torcidas e proteções solares para análise de iluminação natural e radiação solar em edifício comercial na cidade de São Paulo. / Camila Leone – 2017. 255 f. : il. ; 30cm. Dissertação (Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo) - Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo, 2017. Bibliografia: f. 226-234. 1. Modelagem paramétrica. 2. Conforto ambiental. 3.Simulação computacional. 4. Iluminaçăo natural. 5. Proteçăo solar. I. Título. CDD 720.47 Autorizo a reprodução e divulgação total ou parcial deste trabalho, por qualquer meio convencional ou eletrônico, para fins de estudo e pesquisa, desde que citada a fonte. E-mail: [email protected] DEDICATÓRIA Aos meus pais Maria Cristina Fabretti Leone e Nilson Roberto Leone, À minha irmã Caroline Leone, Ao meu tio Welington Jorge Leone, À minha querida avó (in memorian) Wanda Ribeiro Leone. AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Prof. Dr. Wilson Florio pela orientação de fundamental importância para o direcionamento da pesquisa, pelo empenho, paciência, dedicação e ensinamentos transmitidos ao longo deste trabalho. À Prof. Drª. Roberta Consentino Kronka Mülfarth pelos comentários e sugestões na banca de qualificação de mestrado que muito contribuiu para a direção a ser tomada na pesquisa e por gentilmente aceitar participar da banca final. Ao Prof Dr. Dominique Fretin por ter me recebido nas aulas de Conforto II Iluminação e Insolação como aluna de estágio docente, pela colaboração assertiva na minha banca de qualificação de mestrado com intuito de contribuir com o trabalho e por gentilmente aceitar participar da banca final. Aos Prof Dr. Adhemar Carlos Pala e Milton Vilhena Granado Júnior por ter me recebido nas aulas de Conforto I Térmica e II Iluminação e Insolação como aluna de estágio docente. À Prof. Drª Emilia Correia pelo auxilio na interpretação dos resultados referente à radiação solar. Ao Arquiteto e Mestre Rafael Peres Mateus pelas discussões dos textos sobre tecnologia na arquitetura e artigos publicados (entre outros que estão por vir), resultado de um trabalho em equipe e de troca de conhecimento. A todos os colegas da turma de mestrado que fizeram parte desta trajetória. Ao Fórum Grasshopper que permite a troca de informações entre todos os interessados pela ferramenta e colabora em aprendermos uns com os outros. Aos integrantes do Fórum, pela sabedoria em dividir conhecimento. Ao Victor Calixto, Filipe Campos, Breno Veiga, pelo auxílio às dúvidas sobre modelagem paramétrica. À minha família que sempre me deu todo suporte para enfrentar as dificuldades e aceitar os desafios. Pelo apoio incondicional, continuo incentivo e compreensão. Ao Ricardo Silveira Junior pelo companheirismo, carinho, motivação e incentivo durante esta pesquisa e pelo auxilio em relação aos gráficos. A todos que estiveram de alguma forma envolvidos e contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho, os meus mais sinceros agradecimentos. Camila Leone “The mind that opens to a new idea never returns to its original size.” Albert Einstein RESUMO solares distintas com o objetivo de identificar ambientes com melhores performances desde a fase de concepção. O conforto ambiental é uma característica importante na edificação O desenvolvimento do trabalho se dá através da modelagem e o estudo a respeito do desempenho de projetos em arquitetura paramétrica do edifício e proteções solares, impressão digital das vem ganhando atenção e importância devido às preocupações com geometrias e avaliação por meio de simulações computacionais. questões ambientais, na qual as estratégias de projeto têm relação O estudo é direcionado para a localização e condições climáticas da direta com a otimização do ambiente, tanto em promover um local cidade de São Paulo com utilização do software Rhinoceros e seus confortável àqueles que o utilizarão, assim como redução de custos, plug-ins Grasshopper, Ladybug e Honeybee para simulação da resultando em eficiência energética. radiação solar e iluminação natural no edifício respectivamente. Entende-se por conforto em edificações, neste trabalho, as A utilização de modelagem paramétrica colabora no processo da condições adequadas de projeto que levam em consideração o busca pela forma, da variação dos parâmetros, resultando na clima local e resultem no bem-estar do ser humano. Por estar criação de não apenas um elemento, mas uma série de soluções relacionado a diversos fatores, caracteriza-se por abordar aspectos para a investigação em estudo. E as simulações auxiliam nas interdisciplinares. tomadas de decisões, possibilitando verificar alternativas para O trabalho visa analisar diferentes combinações entre percentual projeto. de aberturas em edifícios com formas não convencionais como as Através dos procedimentos e análise dos resultados das simulações, geometrias torcidas a fim de compreender o comportamento da quanto menor a torção da edificação, melhores são os resultados iluminação natural no interior do ambiente e incidência da radiação de iluminação natural no interior do ambiente. Já os resultados com solar na fachada. São efetuadas análises de soluções com proteções relação à radiação solar incidente na fachada, demonstraram que quanto maior a torção maior a exposição à radiação solar em ABSTRACT determinados pontos da fachada e maior o auto sombreamento em The environmental comfort is one of the important features in outros. Quanto ao dimensionamento das aberturas, observou-se construction and the research concerning to architectural projects melhores resultados nas janelas que apresentavam maior altura, se is calling attention and importance due to environment concerns, comparado à largura das mesmas. which the project strategies are direct related to optimal ambience, A avaliação do edifício com relação aos itens mencionados not only regarding to a comfort place for those who will use it , but possibilita maior assertividade em relação à disposição do layout no also reducing the costs, resulting in energy efficiency. interior do ambiente, assim como, soluções de fachada com Confort in edification means in this piece of work, project suitable utilização de placas fotovoltaicas colaborando para o melhor conditions taking into consideration the local climate and resulting posicionamento das peças, resultando em ganhos de conforto ao in the human welfare. Being related to several factors is usuário e eficiência energética na edificação. characterized by approaching cross-disciplinary aspects. This project aims to analyze different combinations of percent PALAVRAS CHAVES building opening with unconventional shapes as twisted geometries to understand the performance of natural light in the room's Modelagem paramétrica, conforto ambiental, simulação interior and the solar incidence in the facade. The objective of solar computacional, iluminação natural, radiação solar, proteção solar. protection analyzes is to identify spaces with better performance since conception stage. The evolution of this project will occur through building parametric The building evaluation related to the items mentioned above give modeling and solar protection, geometric digital printing and us higher assertiveness with regard to the layout disposition in the evaluation by computer simulations. room's interior, as well as, solutions of facade using photovoltaic The study is focused on São Paulo's location and climate conditions, plates working to a better position of the parts, resulting in comfort using the software Rhinoceros and its plug-ins Grasshopper, gains to the users and energetic efficiency in the edification. Ladybug e Honeybee to simulate the solar radiation and the natural KEY WORDS light in the building. Parametric modeling, environmental comfort, simulation analysis, The use of parametric modeling contributes to the shape process, daylight, solar radiation, solar protection. parameter variations, resulting into the creation of not only one element, but also series of solutions to the study investigation. And the simulations assist in the decision-making processes, facilitating to giving alternatives to the project. Through these procedures and result analyze simulations, the less twisted the edification, better is the natural light results in the room's interior. The results related to the solar radiation incidence in the facade, show us that the higher twisted, the higher exposure to solar radiation in specific points of the facade and it is higher the auto shading in another places. As to the opening scaling, it was observed better results in windows with bigger height compared to their width. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 3.2: Configuração das aberturas estudadas ....................... 131 Figura 3.3: Carta solar da cidade de São Paulo .............................. 131 Figura 3.4: Temperaturas da cidade de São Paulo até o dia 21/06 Figura 1.1: Radiação Solar ............................................................... 32 (esquerda) e após
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