Industry in Tokyo - Manufacturing Industry in Tokyo - Manufacturing Tokyo Houses a Concentration of Diverse Manufacturing Industries
Number of Small-size Establishments 1 2 Number of Establishments in Tokyo in Upper Rank Nationwide 5 Tokyo Is Home to a Concentration of a Variety of Manufacturing Industries That Include Printing, Electrical Machinery, and Fashion-associated Industries Substantially Decreased Number of establishments by detailed categories, shipment value and nationwide comparison of shipment value (2008) Number of establishments and employees, Breakdown of number of establishments/number of employees/shipment value/amount of value added by prefecture (2008) Osaka Aichi shipment value, and value added (Trillion yen) （％） （％） 9.3 Tokyo 10.2 Osaka 6.4 Shipment value 1.1 trillion yen 25 Handbags Printed matter Number of establishments 3,500 9.1 50 17.9 Shizuoka 5.3 Nationwide comparison Shipment value (right axis) 20 Number of Number of of shipment value 25.2% (10,000 Aichi 8.2 Small leather cases Bookbinding establishments: employees: Saitama 5.2 40 establishments) 15 Other Other Fabrication of plastic plates, bars and rods, pipes Leather footwear Saitama 5.9 Kanagawa 5.0 (100,000 10.5 443,000 63.3 8,726,000 and tubes, pipe fittings and profile extrusions Plate making 63.0 for printing people) 7.2 Value added (right axis) 10 Shizuoka 4.5 Tokyo 4.6 30 Optical lenses and prisms Costume jewelry and costume accessories 10 Physical and chemical instruments Jewelry products of precious metal and precious stone Offset printing in paper 4.0 Aichi Miscellaneous electronic equipment Number of establishments 5 Switch boards and electrical control equipment 8.3 8.3 13.8 20 Electric measuring 8 Number of employees 0 Aichi instruments Knitted outer shirts Kanagawa 5.8 Electroplated Other 11.9 6 Shipment value: Shizuoka 5.7 Osaka 6.3 10 metal Signboards and signs 45.1 Office and school-use paper products 4.0 4.0 337.9 Shizuoka 4 Osaka 5.4 Value added: 6.2 Miscellaneous measuring instruments, analytical instruments, testing machines, surveying instruments and physical and chemical instruments trillion yen Other Kanagawa Hyogo 4.9 102.5 trillion yen (Nationwide comparison of shipment value) 0 2 55.5 6.1 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 3,500 3,600 Tokyo 3.1 Chiba 4.6 Hyogo 5.2 (Number of establishments) (Establishments) Saitama 4.4 Note: Only the top 20 industries out of a nationwide comparison of those industries with a shipment value of 10 billion yen or more and a number of establishments of 100 0 Saitama 4.8 1988 90 93 95 98 2000 03 05 08 Mie 3.5 Ibaraki 3.7 or more are included above. The size of the bubbles indicates the shipment value for that industry. Source: TMG, METI“Census of Manufactures” Tokyo 3.9 Source: TMG, METI“Census of Manufactures” Rate of change in number of establishments by number of employees (2008/2005) （％） 1 to 3 4 to 9 10 to 29 30 to 299 300 or more Establishments with 3 Employees or Less Joto area 0 3 6 Location-centric Characteristics of Manufacturing Industries Differ across Areas Account for More than Half of the Total (Taito-ku, Sumida-ku, Koto-ku, Arakawa-ku, 5 -1.5 Number of establishments and employees, Adachi-ku, Katsushika-ku, Edogawa-ku) -4.6 Breakdown of number of establishments/ shipment value, and value added by area (2008) value of shipments by number of employees (2008) Number of establishments: 18,800 (46.8%) -10 -8.6 （％） Johoku area -10.9 Number of employees: 116,000 (28.6%) -15 0 20 40 60 80 100 (Kita-ku, Itabashi-ku) -13.4 Josai area Shipment value: 1.95 trillion yen (18.1%) （％） Rate of change in shipment value for establishments with (Setagaya-ku, Nakano-ku, Suginami-ku, Nerima-ku) Number of establishments: 2,900 (7.3%) Value added: 870 billion yen (20.1%) 1 to 3 4 to 9 10 4 or more employees by middle categories (2008/2007) Tokyo 14.4 3.9 Number of employees: 36,000 (8.8%)
Number of 10 to 29 Nationwide 40.6 28.7 9.7 Value added: 100 billion yen (2.5%) -20 establishments 20.3 0.8
Food 300 or more Ot 30 to 299 Plastic Tokyo 7.7 17.7 Central Tokyo 29.0 43.0 Iron and steel (Chiyoda-ku, Chuo-ku, Minato-ku)
Rubber products Tama area Petroleum and coal Electrical machinery Furniture and fixtures electronics equipment Production machinery 0.7 value
Beverages and feed, etc. Number of establishments: 1,400 (3.4%) Paper and paper products Manufacture of textile mill Lumber and wood products General-purpose machinery Printing and allied industries Electronic parts and devices Number of establishments: 6,200 (15.3%) Shipment Leather and leather products Chemical and allied products Business oriented machinery
Information and communication Nationwide 8.7 35.7 52.2 Number of employees: 12,000 (2.9%) Non-ferrous metals and products
Ceramics, stone and clay products Number of employees: 151,000 (37.2%) Shipment value: 220 billion yen (2.1%) Note: Rates of change in the shipment value for the transportation equipment and 2.6 Shipment value: 5.58 trillion yen (53.3%) fabricated metal products industries have been omitted due to secrecy. Value added: 1.85 trillion yen (46.8%) Value added: 100 billion yen (2.6%) Source: TMG, METI“Census of Manufactures” Subcenter area
Note 1: Value of manufactured goods shipments is inscribed as "Shipment Value" Note 2: Abbreviated names of middle industry categories are based on“Census of Manufactures” (TMG)
The number of establishments, number of employees, shipment value and amount of value added all decreased for manufacturing industries in Tokyo. Standing out in particular is the drop in Out of industries with a large market scale (detailed categories), an examination of those with a high shipment value following a nationwide comparison reveals that a wide range of said industries, the number of establishments that have 9 employees or less. This is partially a reflection of the rapid decline in exports since the latter half of 2008, which has resulted in a decline in the including printing, electrical machinery and fashion goods, are concentrated in Tokyo. Additionally, a look at industries on a per-area basis shows that manufacturing industries exhibit different shipment value in numerous industries, the most affected of which are electronic parts and devices industries. In terms of nationwide share, Tokyo is second in the number of establishments location-centric characteristics depending on the area at hand. For example, in terms of the shipment value, that for the center and subcenter of Tokyo and in the Joto, Josai and Johoku areas is high in the and sixth in the number of employees. Small-size businesses with one to three employees represent more than half of all manufacturing establishments in Tokyo, with small- to medium-size printing and allied industries; that for the Jonan area is high in production machinery industries; that for the Tama area is in for the likes of transportation and information and communication electronics establishments with less than 300 employees constituting the majority of the total shipment value. This indicates that small scale is a characteristic representative of manufacturing industries equipment industries; and that for the Tokyo Islands is high in food product industries. When split between the wards of Tokyo and the Tama area/Tokyo Islands, the former constitutes slightly over 80% of in Tokyo as a whole. Among industries in Tokyo, printing and allied industries made up the highest percentage of the city’s total establishments and shipment value. the total number of business establishments and slightly over 60% of the total number of employees. Conversely, the Tama area and the Tokyo islands represent over half of the total shipment value.
14 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 15 Industry in Tokyo - Wholesale Trade The Tokyo Wholesale Trade － Positioned Upstream in the Japanese Distribution Industry, Handling a Vast Range of Commodities
1 Declining Numbers of Establishments and Employees 2 Annual Sales of Goods Concentrated in Tokyo’s Three Central Wards Number of establishments and employees by business entity Annual sales of goods by region (10,000 establishments) (10,000 people) (Trillion yen) 200 Cities, towns, and villages 8 Number of employees 100 (right axis) 164.9 79.6 Shinjuku-ku 160.1 148.6 Individuals 80 150 6 Other wards Ota-ku 31.5 24.7 Taito-ku 69.6 0.5 Chuo-ku 27.7 Shinagawa-ku 0.4 60 100 26.6 36.5 4 1.0 Minato-ku 42.1 Corporations 40 35.0 5.2 40.8 50 2 4.3 3.3 20 65.1 48.3 Chiyoda-ku 41.8 0 0 0 1997 99 2002 04 07 1972 74 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 99 2002 04 07 Note: With an expanded number of establishments covered from 1999, Note: With an expanded number of establishments covered from 1999, there is no continuity with the figures previous to that year. there is no continuity with the figures previous to that year. Source： METI“Census of Commerce” Source： TMG“Census of Commerce”
3 Tokyo Wholesale Trade Employees Comprise 4 Tokyo Dominates General Merchandise Over 20% of the National Total Wholesaler Annual Sales of Goods Prefectural breakdown of number of Prefectural breakdown of annual sales of goods establishments and employees (2007) by medium groups (2007) （％） 0 20 40 60 80 100 Tokyo （％） 14.1 Wholesale trade total 39.9 12.6 8.5 32.0 413.5 trillion yen Fukuoka Miyagi General merchandise Tokyo 86.3 8.0 22.6 Osaka 49.0 trillion yen Outer circle: Number Hyogo 9.9 Textile and apparel 36.7 Osaka 28.4 8.1 of establishments 16.6 trillion yen 19.6 Hokkaido Kyoto 335,000 Food and beverages 24.7 9.6 48.7 50.0 Inner circle: Number 11.4 Aichi 75.6 trillion yen 6.2 Other Other municipalities of employees 6.8 Building materials, minerals and metals, etc. 36.3 13.8 11.8 30.3 60.5 3,526,000 Fukuoka 4.6 107.7 trillion yen Kanagawa 7.3 Machinery and equipment 36.3 13.1 10.6 31.6 4.0 4.6 99.9 trillion yen Hokkaido 4.1 Kanagawa Miscellaneous wholesale trade 34.8 12.5 7.3 37.1 64.6 trillion yen Aichi Source： METI“Census of Commerce” Source： METI“Census of Commerce”
5 Tokyo Handles Wide Range of Industrial Materials 6 Tokyo Positioned in Upstream Distribution Sector, Containing High Percentage of Primary Wholesalers Annual sales of goods by item vs. national total (2007) (100 billion yen) （％） Breakdown of number of corporate business establishments 94.6 136.1 140 Ratio of sales volume in Tokyo Annual 100 and annual sales of goods by distribution level (2007) （％） 120 sales to the total domestic sales (right axis) 80 0 20 40 60 80 100 100 60 Intermediate wholesalers 80 50.0 Tokyo 11.9 10.4 12.8 16.3 Final wholesalers 34.7 14.0 60 55.1 46.9 40 Direct trade wholesalers to retailers 37.0 33.1 40 28.3 28.5 25.1 20 Nationwide 9.0 8.4 8.8 15.8 36.8 21.2 14.4 13.5 Number of 20 3.6 7.2 7.9 10.7 5.0 5.6 0.7 1.7 1.2 establishments 0 0 Source wholesalers Direct trade wholesalers Tokyo to order sectors 8.9 12.1 6.9 12.7 22.5 Sugar Paper 36.9 Leather Minerals Crude oil Cameras Footwear s clothing ’ of goods Timepieces Nonferrous
Motorcycles Nationwide 22.0 9.5 10.5 9.3 17.7 Other 31.1 Annual sales Other transport use cereals, beans metal products Miscellaneous Men
Other petroleum Primary wholesalers Secondary wholesalers Nonferrous metals Books, magazines machinery and equipment Used automobile parts
Steel crude products Note: Corporate establishments (excluding businesses based solely on agent Other chemical products Note: Only lists commodities with 50% plus shares of nationwide total. commissions and generating no annual sales of goods). Source： METI“Census of Commerce” Source： METI“Census of Commerce”
While the number of wholesale trade establishments and employees in Tokyo are both in decline, the annual sales of goods generated in Tokyo have charted small increases in recent years. Some 70% of Tokyo’s annual sales of goods is generated in the three central wards of Chiyoda, Chuo and Minato, reflecting a heavy concentration of such business activity at the heart of the metropolis. Although the number of establishments in Tokyo represents 14% of the national total, the number of employees is over 20% of the national figure and the annual sales of goods holds around a 40% share. A particular standout is the annual sales for general merchandise, which is 86% of the national total. The majority of wholesale commodities for which the annual sales in Tokyo represents 50% or more of the national total are industrial materials – a clear indication of the brisk handling of such industrial materials in Tokyo. With Tokyo positioned at the upstream of the distribution flow, and the presence in Tokyo of a large number of companies developing their business nationwide also a key factor, the share of primary wholesalers in the capital is notably high.
16 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 Industry in Tokyo - Retail Trade Advances in Moves toward Incorporation and Larger Size in Retail Trade
Independently Owned Businesses Decline, 1 2 Tokyo Boasts Japan’s Largest Retail Market Number of Employees Remains Stable (10,000 Number of establishments and persons engaged, (10,000 Number of business establishments and people) annual sales of goods by major prefecture (2007) establishments) employees by business entity (10,000 people) 100 18 90 Number of employees 77.8 90 Tokyo 16 (right axis) 80 17.3 trillion yen 14 70 80 Kanagawa 12 60 70 8.5 trillion yen 58.1 Saitama 10 Individuals proprietorships 50 9.6 4.7 60 6.3 trillion yen Osaka 8 3.9 40 Chiba 9.7 trillion yen 50 5.8 trillion yen 6 30 40 Aichi 8.3 trillion yen (Number of persons engaged) 4 Corporations 6.7 6.3 20 4.4 30 Fukuoka 5.4 trillion yen 2 10 Hokkaido 6.2 trillion yen 0 0 20 1972 74 76 79 82 85 88 91 94 97 99 2002 04 07 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Note: With an expanded number of establishments covered from 1999, (Number of establishments) (10,000 establishments) there is no continuity with the figures previous to that year. Note: Circle sizes indicate annual sales of goods Source: METI“Census of Commerce” Source: METI“Census of Commerce”
3 Contraction Trend in Retail Trade General Merchandise, 4 Moves toward Greater Size in Sales Floor Space Expansion in Food and Beverage, Drug and Toiletry Stores Breakdown of number of establishments by sales floor space, (Trillion yen) 20 Annual sales of goods by industry per-establishment sales floor space 2 （％） 2 （m） Other 500m or more 100 140 3.5 7.5 2 Drug and toiletry 100-499m 125.7 0.5 3.5 stores 120 15 17.6 Per-establishment sales floor space 16.8 1.7 Furniture, 80 (right axis) 1.2 household utensil, 2 21.1 100 50-99m 2.3 1.6 and appliance 60 25.3 Motor vehicles 2 80 10 1.5 30-49m 4.5 and bicycles 68.9 23.2 60 4.7 Food and 40 20.3 beverage 20-29m2 15.2 40 2.3 Dry goods, apparel 5 20 2.0 and apparel 22.1 2 accessories 10-19m 14.9 20 4.2 2 2.9 General 6.3 1-9m 5.7 merchandise 0 0 0 1991 94 97 99 2002 04 07 1991 94 97 99 2002 04 07 Note: With an expanded number of establishments covered from 1999, there is Note: With an expanded number of establishments covered from 1999, no continuity with the figures previous to that year. Computations exclude there is no continuity with the figures previous to that year. establishments without floor area or for which the area is unclear. Source: TMG“Census of Commerce” Source: TMG“Census of Commerce”
Annual Sales of Goods Per Persons Engaged Especially Department Stores Hire Large Numbers of Workers Dispatched from Other 5 High for Home Merchandise-focused Stores in Tokyo 6 Companies, Supermarket and Convenience Store Mainstream Is Part-timers Annual sales of goods per person engaged Breakdown of number of persons engaged （％） by sales form classification (2007) (10,000 yen) by industry and work pattern (2007) 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 0 20 40 60 80 100 2,296 Retail trade total Retail trade total (883,000 people) 30.1 45.4 10.4 6.3 Department stores 2,311 17.9 8.4 Workers dispatched from other companies Supermarkets 3,026 Department stores (93,000 people) 72.8 Special supermarkets 3,013 Supermarkets (32,000 people) 15.9 72.8 10.4 Convenience stores 1,765 Special supermarkets (105,000 people) 20.4 76.3 Drugstores 2,615 Part-timers Other supermarkets 1,891 Convenience stores (87,000 people) 7.7 83.1 Apparel special stores 1,612 Drugstores (19,000 people) 31.0 63.7 Food special stores 1,216 Nationwide Other supermarkets (51,000 people) 21.5 64.6 6.6 Housing special stores 2,464 Tokyo Apparel semi-specialty stores 2,171 Special stores (359,000 people) 39.9 35.8 10.6 10.0 Food semi-specialty stores 1,916 Full-timers Semi-special stores (136,000 people) 40.7 31.8 9.2 8.6 8.4 Housing semi-specialty stores 3,648 Other retail stores (1,000 people) Other retail stores 2,631 19.8 39.0 28.3 7.6
Note: Of persons engaged, part-timers converted by 8-hour units. Temporary employees Sole proprietors and unpaid family workers Paid officer Source: METI“Census of Commerce” Source: METI“Census of Commerce”
The number of retail trade establishments is decline, with the decrease especially acute among independently owned businesses. With a massive consumer market in the background, the numbers of establishments, numbers of employees and the annual sales of goods in Tokyo have all reached scales large in comparison to the same categories in other prefectures. Tokyo’s annual sales of goods is charting minor increases, with retailers in the food and beverage, drug and toiletry stores and other fields posting particularly strong growth. In contrast, department stores, supermarkets and other general merchandise retailers are experiencing decreases in their sales value. Per-establishment sales floor space is expanding, while a trend continues for stores themselves to grow larger in size. Annual sales of goods per person engaged have reached a high level (particularly among housing semi-specialty stores). Examining the patterns of employment for workers, meanwhile, the majority of workers fall into categories other than full-timers. And the main focus shifts to part-timers.
Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 17 Industry in Tokyo - Service Industries Industry in Tokyo - Service Industries Services Targeting Establishments Is Concentrated in Tokyo
Number of Persons Engaged Increasing despite High Amount of Services Targeting Tokyo Represents 2/3 of Net Revenues Generated 1 2 7 8 Decrease in Barbers; Increase in Hair Stylists Number of Establishments Remaining Unchanged Establishments in Tokyo versus National Totals by Advertising Agency Services Nationwide Number of barbershops/hair salons, garment cleaning Number of establishments and persons engaged by major groups National comparison of number of establishments establishments, and employed barbers/hair stylists Breakdown of annual net revenues of and persons engaged by medium groups (2006) （％） (1,000 (1,000 (10,000 establishments) (10,000 people) ad agencies by prefecture (2008) Number of employed hair stylists 0 10 20 30 40 50 establishments) people) 78.8 (right axis) 53.2 10 Number of persons engaged 80 Scientific and development 19.1 20 Number of employed barbers 52.3 55 research institutes 17.0 （％） 18.0 (right axis) 26.1 (right axis) 50 68.8 Scientific research, Professional services, n.e.c. 35.9 Hokkaido 1.4 Other 16.2 professional and 35.9 Advertising Fukuoka 2.7 10.3 45 8 Scientific research, professional Services, n.e.c. technical services 45.4 15 38.4 and technical services 60 13.5 40 Technical services, n.e.c. 17.9 Aichi 4.5 9.1 13.4 11.9 Living-related and personal services Living-related and Laundry, beauty, and bath services 11.9 35 6 43.1 and amusement services 43.1 personal services Miscellaneous living-related 11.5 10.2 30 and amusement and personal services 17.0 Annual sales 10 9.3 services 14.2 Osaka 40 Services for amusement and hobbies 13.5 22.0 25 33.9 33.6 6.1 13.4 6.7037 trillion yen Waste disposal business 8.0 Number of establishments 20 4 5.3 Tokyo 20.2 20.0 Automobile maintenance services 6.7 Number of persons engaged 67.7 15 Machine, etc. repair services, 9.7 5 5.3 5.1 Services, n.e.c. except otherwise classified 18.9 4.6 4.6 20 10 2 Number of Establishments Employment and worker dispatching services 17.5 3.4 3.5 23.8 5 Miscellaneous business services 20.8 22.1 0 0 Note: Red represents industries primarily consisting of services targeting 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 end of FY ’08 0 0 Number of garment 2001 04 06 establishments; blue represents industries primarily consisting of Number of barbershops Number of hair salons businesses targeting individuals cleaning establishments Source: METI“Survey on Selected Service Industries” Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: MHLW“Report on Public Health Administration and Services”
3 Scientific Research, Professional and Technical Services 4 Number of Establishments Conducing Employment and 9 Overseas Travel Accounts for Over 40% of 10 Number of Movie Screens Found in Tokyo, Which Increasingly Concentrated in Center and Subcenter of Tokyo Worker Dispatching Services Increased Significantly Monetary Amounts Handled by Travel Agencies Contains the Highest Number of General Theaters Breakdown of number of establishments (1,000 establishments) Number of establishments and persons engaged by medium groups (2006), Number of travel agencies and monetary amounts Number of movie screens by prefecture (2009) according to major groups and region (2006) (10,000 people) Ratio of change in number of business establishments (2006/2001) （％） handled by travel agencies by category (Nationwide) (Screens) （％） 40 60 36.2 52.8 37.3 (Trillion yen) (1,000 agencies) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 0 20 40 60 80 100 Ratio of change in number of 10 11.0 Number of travel agencies (right axis) 12 establishments (right axis) 10.7 10.6 223 141 364 30 29.4 Number of 40 Tokyo establishments All industries 18.1 14.9 21.0 11.8 9.6 5.3 18.7 0.3 24.4 10 Aichi 221 33 254 26.0 8 21.4 Number of 20 20 3.4 Osaka 157 49 206 Scientific research, persons engaged 8 Subcenter 5.0 0.1 3.7 professional and Central Tokyo 40.2 8.5 7.3 11.3 6 3.5 Kanagawa 180 18 198 25.0 Monetary amount handled for overseas travel technical services 2.7 10 0 6 Saitama 186 7 193 Living-related and Johoku 4 Chiba 175 13 188 Cineplexes personal services Joto Josai Jonan Tama -20 10.5 14.0 6.3 0.4 0 4 140 General theaters and amusement 20.1 15.5 9.8 23.5 5.3 Monetary amount handled for domestic travel Fukuoka 24 164 services 4.5 4.5 2 Hokkaido 93 31 124 2 business Technical and hobbies Automobile Hyogo 78 45 123 Services, n.e.c. 31.2 16.6 16.0 8.4 7.2 3.6 16.7 0.3 Advertising Professional development Scientific and Miscellaneous Miscellaneous services, n.e.c. services, n.e.c. 0 0 Waste disposal Shizuoka 76 26 102 services, except
Tokyo Islands Laundry, beauty, 1998 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 living-related and personal services and bath services business services dispatching services research institutes Services for amusement otherwise classified
Note: Refer to p. 15 for classification of each region maintenance services
Machine, etc. repair Source: Japan Travel Bureau Foundation“Annual Survey of Tourism Trends”, Note: As of December 31. Data provided for top 10 ranking prefectures.
Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Employment and worker Japan Association of Travel Agents materials Source: Motion Picture Producers Association of Japan, Inc materials
5 Services for Amusement and Hobbies Demonstrate Exceptionally High Net 6 Concentration of Design Industries 11 Significant Increase in Net Revenues Posted 12 Ongoing Increase in Number of Security Personnel Revenues; Advertising Exhibit High Net Revenues per Person Engaged That Create High Value-added by Temporary Labour Agencies Number of security vendors; number of security personnel Annual net revenues and annual net revenues per person engaged by Annual net revenues by type of design services; Net revenues associated with temporary labour agencies; (10,000 people) medium groups (Nationwide; preliminary estimates for 2009) nationwide comparison (2008) nationwide comparison (Vendors) (Trillion yen) (Million yen) (100 billion yen) （％） Number of security personnel 10.0 9.4 30 50 Ratio of sales volume in Tokyo 2,000 (right axis) 10 47.0 26.8 (100 million yen) （％） 25 50 48.0 to the total domestic sales (right axis) Ratio of sales volume in Tokyo 8.5 25 600 50 42.2 Annual sales 40 516.5 41.9 to the total domestic sales (right axis) 8 40.4 39.4 20 37.7 40 20 40 1,500 Annual net revenues per 30 person engaged (right axis) 30.6 15 400 35.6 30.4 6 Annual sales 30 26.6 20 15 30 1,802 10 1,000 1,811 23.7 1,677 Number of security vendors 10 20 4 5 200 20.1 10 20 0 0 84.2 10 Annual sales 17.2 500 68.2 68.5 56.4 53.5 71.3 68.4 2 5 10.0 10 0 0 services business and hobbies 0 0 Advertising Automobile Other
Professional 0 0 2002 03 04 05 06 07 08 development Interior Textile, Display Machine, etc. Scientific and Graphic Fashion Miscellaneous Miscellaneous FY2003 04 05 06 07 08 Package Industrial Waste disposal Laundry, beauty, Multimedia living-related and personal services and bath services business services research institutes Technical services dispatching services Services for amusement otherwise classified Source: Metropolitan Police Department“Metropolitan Police Department Statistics” Source: MIC“Survey of Service Industry Trends” maintenance services Source: METI“Current Survey of Selected Service Industries” Source: Tokyo Labour Bureau, the Japan Staffing Services Association materials repair services, except Employment and worker Miscellaneous services
Service industries can be broadly divided into three industries. The number of establishments in each of these three major groups has remained stagnant in recent years. Out of these groups, scientific Design, advertising and other services that magnify the value-added of products concentrate in Tokyo. Simultaneously, changes in lifestyles are bringing with them a research, professional and technical services, which includes professional services, n.e.c. industry such as law firms as well as advertising industries, exhibited a strong presence in Tokyo relative to the shift in the makeup of service industries rooted in everyday life. Although laundry, beauty and bath service industries are showing a drop in the number of barbers, the rest of Japan, with said industries concentrated in the center and subcenter of Tokyo in particular. Looking at the number of establishments and engaged persons by medium groups, establishments in the number of hair stylists is increasing. In travel industries, the monetary amount handled for domestic travel is trending downwards relative to the same figure ten years industry of laundry, beauty and bath services increased the most, where engaged persons in miscellaneous business services, which include the likes of building maintenance service and guard services, ago. A look at movie theaters reveals that Tokyo contains more screens than any other prefecture in the nation, with this interestingly standing true not only for increased the most. Additionally, employment and worker dispatching service industry grew significantly in number during the five-year period up to 2006. In terms of net revenues, services for amusement cineplexes, but also for general theaters. Despite net revenues posted by worker dispatching services declining in FY2007, this figure shifted upwards once again. and hobbies such as movie theaters and Pachinko parlors exhibited overwhelmingly high revenues. Conversely, advertising industry demonstrated the highest net revenues per business employee. Furthermore, in security industries, the rise in awareness regarding community safety led to an increase in the number of both related vendors and security personnel.
18 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 19 Industry in Tokyo - Construction Severe Business Environment Surrounding the Construction Field
Tokyo’s Share of Equipment Installation Work 1 Numbers of Establishments and Employees in Decline 2 High Compared to Nationwide Number of establishments and employees by type of legal organization Breakdown of number of establishments by minor groups (2006) （％） (1,000 establishments) (10,000 people) 0 20 40 60 80 100 60 Left bar: Establishments 60 Right bar: Employees (right axis) Tokyo: 43,000 12.0 9.4 5.6 7.0 10.1 5.1 17.6 12.8 11.5 50 2.9 50 establishments 2.2 General Construction work Equipment 40 11.7 construction work by specialist contractor installation work Individual proprietorships 9.6 40 Nationwide: 549,000 15.2 5.6 13.3 6.9 4.8 4.5 21.6 10.6 10.2 30 30 establishments 47.7 Wooden building work Building work 42.6 20 Civil engineering work Other general construction work 35.0 33.5 20 Corporations Flooring and interior finish work Painting work 10 10 Scaffolding work, earth work and concrete work Other construction work by specialist contractor Piping work (except water-well drilling work) Electric work Telecommunication work and signal system work Other equipment installation work 0 0 2001 04 06 Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census”
3 Construction Industry Low in Profitability 4 Construction Investment Continues to Slump Ratio of recurring profits to sales by industry (Nationwide) Construction investment (nominal values in Kanto region) （％） 12 (Trillion yen) Real estate 35 31.4 10 30 Forecasts 8 7.6 25 21.4 Grand total 6 Manufacturing 20 18.0 17.9 16.0 Average of all industries Private-sector total 4 3.4 15 13.6 2.9 10.0 11.7 Construction 2.4 Government total 2 1.9 2.3 10 7.6 Government (civil engineering) Private-sector 1.5 1.3 (construction) 4.2 5 3.4 Private sector (civil engineering) 3.6 0 Government (construction) 2.0 FY1999 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 2.4 0 0.6 Note: Financial and insurance industry, as well as 5 postal services companies, FY1992 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 not included in“All industries” Source: MOF“Financial Statements Statistics of Corporations by Industry” Source: MLIT“Estimate of Construction Investment”
5 Number of Dwellings Rises above 6 Increase Trend for Ratio of Maintenance, Number of Households Mending Construction Total number of households and dwellings Value of original contracts and ratio of maintenance, (10,000 households) mending construction (Trillion yen) （％） (10,000 dwellings) 40 25 700 678 Left bar: Total households Ratio of maintenance, mending construction 21.4 598 35 (right axis) 600 Right bar: Total dwellings 18.2 20 30 500 5.0 25 15 400 603 20 Maintenance, mending construction 4.2 300 264 10 251 15 22.6 200 10 Newly-established construction Vacant 15.4 5 245 100 (subtotal) 5 7 75 0 0 0 FY1997 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 1963 68 73 78 83 88 93 98 2003 08 Source: TMG, MIC“Housing and Land Survey” Source: TMG“Tokyo Statistical Yearbook”
Both the numbers of establishments and employees in construction continue to decline. Compared to nationwide levels, the percentage of general construction work including wooden building work is low, while the share of equipment installation work including piping work runs high. The business environment remains severe, with construction industry profitability lower than the all-industry average, construction investment value down and continuing to lag at a low level and other flat conditions prevailing. The number of dwellings in Tokyo has increased above the number of households, making it difficult to foresee any major expansion in demand in the immediate future. While the value of newly-established construction completed by original contractors is in steady decline, maintenance, mending construction are holding at a set value, with the share of that business in an increase trend.
20 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 Industry in Tokyo - Information and Communications Tokyo Is the Engine Driving Japan’s Information and Communications Industry
1 Expanding Number of Establishments and Employees 2 Tokyo Information and Communications Industry Number of establishments, number of employees by medium groups Characterized by High Ratio of New Business Launches Share of Newly opened business establishments (1,000 establishments) (1,000 people) by minor groups (2006) （％） Left bar: Establishments Internet based services 25 90 0 20 40 60 80 Right bar: Employees (right axis) 22.4 80 All industries 18.4 1.4 76.7 3.2 0.4 19.8 Broadcasting 0.2 Information and communications industry 37.3 20 1.2 1.8 70 0.2 Communications 6.7 1.5 62.3 0.5 Services incidental to telecommunications 35.9 60 6.3 1.9 8.6 17.0 Computer programming and other software services 40.4 15 Video picture, 7.5 50 Data processing and information services 35.8 15.5 sound information, character information 40 Internet based services 67.6 10 production and distribution Video picture information production and distribution 33.5 30 Newspaper publishers 48.0 20.4 10.3 11.0 5 38.1 Information services 20 Publishers, except newspapers 24.5 Services incidental to video picture, sound information, 10 character information production and distribution 32.7 0 0 Note: With former industrial classification, listed for 300 or more establishments. Share of newly opened business establishments = Number of new 2001 04 06 establishments from 2004 / Total number of establishments at time of 2006 survey. Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census”
Top Contract Clients for Computer Programming and Other Software Services 3 Tokyo Sales Volume Stands Out Nationwide 4 and Data Processing and Information Services are Financial and Insurance Industry Prefectural breakdown of annual sales shares Annual sales breakdown by service business sector by service category （％） and contracting industry categories (2008) 0 20 40 60 80 100 （％） Computer programming 0 20 40 60 80 100 Kanagawa By service and other software services 61.6 9.6 7.1 15.3 category 11.5 trillion yen (2008) Basic software for computers, etc. 1.8 Ibaraki 2.1 3.7 Fukuoka 2.7 Business Data processing and Computer programming Custom software service 85.9 packages 9.8 information services 63.8 7.8 6.6 15.9 and other software services Internet data base Game software 2.5 4 trillion yen (2008) 3.8 services 3.1 Hokkaido 3.5 System management Information Various Others 1.3 Data processing and research Internet based services and operation 41.3 processing services 36.2 7.0 Tokyo 86.2 3.6 information services 7.7 800 billion yen (2008) Others data base service 4.7 3.7 1.7 Aichi 5.4 By industry contracted Broadcasting industry services Finance Government Other 3 trillion yen (FY2007) 51.7 11.3 26.5 Computer programming and insurance Manufacturing Same trader services 7.7 14.6 2.9 24.5 17.8 17.1 9.8 2.2 3.2 and other software services 3.3 Information and communications Telecommunications services Osaka (except the same trader) 8.4 Service 15.3 trillion yen (FY2007) 69.7 16.4 5.6 Data processing and Wholesale trade 25.4 16.6 and retail trade 9.7industry 7.8 Other Miyagi 1.8 information services 10.5 8.0 22.1 Source: METI“Survey of Selected Service Industries” MIC“ Basic Survey on Telecommunications and Information Source: METI“Survey of Selected Service Industries” Broadcasting Industries”
5 Tokyo’s Three Central Wards Contain over 40% 6 Software and Other Information Technology of Establishments Industry Concentrated in Akihabara District Ward/Municipality-based breakdown of establishments Number of software and other information technology by minor groups selected (2006) （％） （Establishments） industry establishments by nearest station 900 0 20 40 60 80 100 871 800 Akihabara Station Computer programming and 3.4 14.2 13.8 12.9 9.7 9.6 5.1 21.9 9.3 other software services 7,882 700 Other wards Other municipalities 611
Publishers, except 11.1 23.6 7.9 13.8 8.3 4.4 13.2 14.2 3.4 600 520 newspapers 3,263 Shinjuku Station Shinjuku-ku Toshima-ku Bunkyo-ku 518 8.6 3.1 3.5 500 435 481 Data processing and Minato-ku Chiyoda-ku Chuo-ku Shibuya-ku Shibuya Station 19.3 7.9 400 356 information services 3,102 16.1 16.5 13.3 11.7 Kayabacho Station 383 1.6 1.6 340 300 Kudanshita Station Video picture information production 30.9 5.5 8.6 9.1 17.8 18.5 6.3 Internet-based services and distribution 2,138 200 240 Software and other information Software industry 2.8 3.2 4.1 technology industry Internet based services 100 1,449 24.7 10.4 9.2 7.2 25.5 12.9 Information processing services Central Tokyo Subcenter 0 Note: Former industrial classification including establishments owned by national 1999 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 and local governments; top 5 industries by number of establishments. Note: Top 5 ranked stations, within 1km radius of stations, as of September each year. Source: TMG“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: MLIT“Fact-Finding Survey on Software and Other Information Technology Industry”
In the information and communications industry, both the number of business establishments and the number of employees are increasing. There is a vigorous trend to launch new businesses in this field, with the ratio of new establishments in most of the sectors far surpassing the level for all industries. The ratio of sales also comprises a large share of the nationwide totals – over 60% for software services and similar fields, and more than 80% for Internet based services. Contracting client businesses span a wide range, headed up by financial and insurance companies that are primarily headquartered in Tokyo (a factor contributing to improved productivity for industries in general). There is a high ratio of establishments located in the 23 wards of Tokyo, particularly in Tokyo’s three central wards. Including the four wards of urban subcenter districts in this group, some 70 to 80% of the businesses are concentrated in seven wards. Among the various businesses, the software and other information technology industry are characterized by particularly high concentrations in the Akihabara, Shinjuku and Shibuya districts of Tokyo.
Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 21 Industry in Tokyo - Transport and Postal Activities Railroads Strongly Support Tokyo’s Transport Industry – the Focus on Passenger Transit
Road Passenger Transport Comprises over 50% 1 Number of Establishments Is Falling 2 of Establishments Number of establishments and employees by medium groups Breakdown of numbers of establishments Left bar: Establishments and employees by medium groups (2006) （％） (1,000 Right bar: Employees (right axis) (10,000 people) establishments) Postal activities, 0 20 40 60 80 100 25 including mail delivery 45 22.7 2.3 0.8 40.3 21.8 40.3 38.8 40 Tokyo: 20,000 Road passenger transport Services incidental to transport 20.4 28.8 2.6 9.1 establishments 51.3 20 35 Warehousing 4.9 0.01 Warehousing Water transport 30 Nationwide: 130,000 Number of 25.3 49.7 3.4 7.1 10.7 15 Road freight transport establishments establishments Air transport 25 Water transport 3.0 0.7 0.1 20 Tokyo: 403,000 27.9 37.9 Railway transport 10 people 9.8 5.2 11.1 15 3.0 4.4 0.7 5 Road passenger transport 10 Nationwide: Road freight transport Number of employees 2,918,000 people 19.8 52.5 6.7 5.4 11.1 5 Railway transport 1.8 Postal activities, 0 0 Air transport 1.2 including 2001 04 06 Service incidental to transport mail delivery Note: Figures for 2001 exclude postal activities, including mail delivery 1.6 Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census”
Railroad and Aviation Passenger Transport 3 Heavy Use of Railroads as Means of Transport 4 Showing Increase Trend Breakdown of passenger transit volume Number of passenger transport by mean of transportation by modes of transport (FY2007) （％） (10 million people) 0 20 40 60 80 100 700 677.1 590.3 Private railways 600 579.7 Tokyo: 11.01 Japan Railway Private railways 47.0 30.9 0.03 billion people 22.0 500 482.2 Motor vehicles 433.4
Within 411.9 Nationwide: 81.33 7.6 14.3 77.9 Japan Railway billion people Motor vehicles 0.1 400 the prefecture 402.3 394.3 421.8 Tokyo: 4.38 300 40.9 36.4 21.3 billion people 1.4 (10 million people) 8 Aircrafts 6.2 6.1 Nationwide: 16.82 4.3 Between 30.8 26.1 41.8 prefectures billion people 4 Passenger ships and aircrafts 1.2 0.5 Passenger ships 0.3 0 FY1995 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Source: MLIT“Survey on Regional Cargo and Passenger Flow” Source: MLIT“Survey on Regional Cargo and Passenger Flow”
Motor Vehicles Account for Majority of 5 Warehousing Concentrated in Waterfront Areas Freight Transport 6 Breakdown of freight transport volume Breakdown of number of warehousing establishments and area by modes of transport and cargo category (FY2007) of facilities related to warehouse and transport by district (2006) By modes of transport By cargo category （％） （％） （％） Railways Other 0 20 40 60 80 100 2.4 Coastwise Vessel 9.5 13.4 Special goods Railways Mineral products 7.8 21.7 Coastwise Vessel Number of Shi, Machi and 0.004 0.5 11.1 22.3 Ota-ku Chuo-ku Minato-ku establishments 13.4 30.8 Mura of Tokyo Outer circle: 20.8 Outer circle: Tokyo 18.6 9.5 8.1 6.1 Tokyo⇔Other prefectures 390 million tons (Tokyo): 999 13.4 240 million tons Inner circle: Inner circle: Light industry products Nationwide Chemical and allied products 12.8 5,560 million tons 16.8 Within Tokyo 10.6 15.6 140 million tons Area of facilities related 6.7 Koto-ku Adachi-ku Itabashi-ku Other 16.3 to warehouse 99.5 and transport (23-ku area): 32.6 13.0 6.8 31.4 Metal and machinery products 2 Motor vehicles 12.7 Miscellaneous industry products 13,850,000 m 84.2 15.4 Shinagawa-ku Edogawa-ku Note: Special goods refer to various goods such as mail, as well as scrap metal, animal 8.2 8.0 and plant feed and fertilizer, waste, packaging, containers used for transport, etc. Source: MLIT“Survey on Regional Cargo and Passenger Flow” Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census”, TMG“Land Use Survey”
Although the number of transport and postal activities establishments are in decline, the number of employees in these sectors is holding steady. Viewing the number of establishments by medium groups, while in Tokyo about half of the establishments are in the road passenger transport sector, nationwide about half belong to the road freight transport sector. Of passenger transit within Tokyo, railroads hold a 70% share, while playing a key role even in short-distance transit compared to the conditions nationwide. Passenger transit, in fact, is increasing on the strength of railroads. With freight transport, in contrast, motor vehicle account for the majority of the volume. Viewing freight volume by cargo category, in Tokyo, the share of daily necessities and other miscellaneous industry products is high, while the level of mineral products runs low. The majority of warehousing establishments and facilities related to warehouse and transport are concentrated in Tokyo’s waterfront areas.
22 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 Industry in Tokyo - Finance and Insurance Sense of Slowdown for Finance and Insurance Sectors
1 Number of Establishments in Decline 2 High Concentration of Financial Functions in Tokyo Nationwide share of number of establishments Numbers of establishments and employees by medium groups and employees by medium groups (2006) （％） (1,000 Left bar: Establishments (10,000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Financial auxiliaries establishments) Right bar: Employees (right axis) people) Finance and insurance 11.7 14 38.8 Non-deposit money corporations, 45 industry 25.1 11.5 Financial products transactions including lending and 0.7 35.8 40 12 0.2 dealers and futures commodity credit card business 9.3 1.0 Banking 1.1 7.0 transactions dealers 9.8 35 23.2 10 0.3 6.4 Financial institutions for 9.7 2.8 5.1 1.1 30 cooperative organizations 15.2 8 4.9 Non-deposit money corporations, Establishments 3.5 2.0 25 16.0 1.3 2.9 including lending and 20 credit card business 31.6 6 9.9 1.1 1.8 Financial institutions 9.2 Financial products transactions Banking 1.4 15 36.9 4 for cooperative dealers and futures commodity 56.3 organizations 10 transactions dealers Insurance institutions, 23.5 2 4.4 3.9 Financial auxiliaries 12.6 including insurance agents, 11.4 5 39.3 brokers and services Insurance institutions, 0 0 9.6 including insurance agents, 20.9 Employees 2001 04 06 brokers and services Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census”
Tokyo Generates One-third of Nationwide 3 Tokyo Deposit-loan Ratio High by Nationwide Level 4 Deposits/loans outstanding, deposit-loan Finance and Insurance Product ratio of domestically licensed banks (Trillion yen) Prefectural breakdown of finance 119.2 （％） 300 Deposit-loan ratio (Tokyo, right axis) 120 and insurance industry Product (FY2007) Deposit-loan ratio 92.7 (Nationwide, right axis) 91.4 100 （％） 250 Deposits (Tokyo) 70.9 80 200 Loans (Tokyo) 60 Other Tokyo 150 40 37.1 37.6 160 Total Product 191 20 35.8 trillion yen 100 191 0 50 175 Osaka Hyogo Aichi Fukuoka 7.1 0 3.1 4.9 1999 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2.9 Saitama Note: Deposits include negotiable certificates of deposit. Figures are 3.0 Kanagawa 4.4 from March of each year. Deposit-loan ratio is the ratio of loans to deposits. Source: BOJ materials Source: CAO“Annual Report on Prefectural Accounts”
5 Decrease in Stock Trading Value 6 Restructuring Advancing in Insurance Industry Number of insurance enterprises, Stock trading volume and value (TSE 1st section) (Enterprises) business establishments and employees (10 establishments) (Trillion yen) (100 billion shares) by major industry categories (2001, 2006) (1,000 people) 6 800 735 5.5 0 50 100 150 5.1 700 Life insurance 5 institutions 55 600 569 28 Stock trading volume Non-life insurance 90
4 Number of (right axis) enterprises institutions 24 500 2001 369 Life insurance 400 3 118.2 institutions 91.0 300 2 Non-life insurance 43.4
1.5 Number of institutions 27.6 2006
200 establishments Stock trading value 178 1 Life insurance 100 72.2 institutions 61.2 0 0 Non-life insurance 30.8 Number of 1999 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 employees institutions 25.8
Source: Tokyo Stock Exchange materials Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census”
Although the number of establishments in the finance and insurance industry in Tokyo continues to decline, the volume of employees has increased slightly from 2004. Because of the large number of head offices and other large-scale establishments in Tokyo, the number of establishments is about 10% of the national total. For the number of employees, however, about 25% are in Tokyo. Under financial products transaction dealers and futures commodity teas action dealers, Tokyo exceeds some one-third of the nation’s establishments and over half of the employees. There is abundant demand for capital in Tokyo, with the deposit-loan ratio far above the nationwide total and product holding a one-third share nationally. With financial markets slumping, the stock trading value on the Tokyo Stock Exchange is in decline. Insurance industry sales are also experiencing sluggish growth, pulled down by the declining birthrate, aging population and economic slump, with corporate restructuring being advanced in this sector.
Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 23 Industry in Tokyo - Real Estate and Goods Rental and Leasing Real Estate and Goods Rental and Leasing Support Corporate Activity and Lifestyle Convenience
1 The Growing Real Estate Agencies 2 Shares of Real Estate Lessors and Real Estate Managers in Tokyo High Compared to Nationwide Levels Number of establishments, number of employees Breakdown of number of establishments and employees by minor groups (2006) （％） (1,000 establishments) (10,000 people) Left bar: Number of establishments 0 20 40 60 80 100 80 Right bar: Number of employees (right axis) 35 30.0 28.6 30 Tokyo: 52,000 5.5 17.9 19.4 36.9 5.6 14.8 5.2 establishments 60 5.0 Goods rental and leasing 54.5 54.5 25 3.3 3.0
Number of Nationwide: 319,000 5.6 14.7 13.7 46.1 11.1 8.7 20 establishments establishments 40 Real estate lessors 15.8 15.8 and managers 39.8 39.5 15 Tokyo: 248,000 people 15.7 20.9 21.4 15.9 3.9 22.2 10 20 Nationwide: Number of 5 employees 13.2 19.8 17.7 24.9 7.4 17.0 7.8 9.1 1,010,000 people 11.4 Real estate agencies 12.0 Sales agents of building and houses and 0 0 Real estate agents and brokers Real estate lessors 2001 04 06 land subdividers and developers House and room lessors Automobile parking Real estate managers Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census”
Tokyo Goods Rental and Leasing Services 3 Downward Turn in Land Prices 4 Year-on-year average volatility in standard Wide Ranging in Response to Demand （％） land prices by use, number of land transactions Breakdown of number of goods rental and leasing business 20 17.2 establishments and employees by minor groups (2006) Average volatility in standard land prices 12.4 10 General goods rental and leasing （％） Residential land 9.9 7.5 0 −4.5 −8.7 Miscellaneous goods rental and leasing 48.1 17.8 −10 −9.0 −9.4 Industrial equipment −17.1 −10.8 Number of establishments and machinery All uses 36.9 (outside graph) rental 22.7 −20 Commercial land 3,034 establishments Number of employees 19.9 （10,000 transactions） Number of land transactions 20 (inside graph) 12.5 51,904 people Office machinery 15 12.1 0.5 rental 4.6 10 14.9 10.1 5 Automobile rental 0 15.7 1996 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Sports and hobby goods rental 1.5 Note: Only average volatility in standard land prices is shown in 2009 Source: TMG“Land in Tokyo”“Tokyo Standard Land Prices” Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census”
Tokyo Goods Rental and Leasing Industry 5 Lease Contracts Focused on Computer Holds Large Market Share 6 and Related Equipment Prefectural breakdown of annual amount of Annual amount of lease contracts lease contracts and annual rental sales value (2008) （％） (100 billion yen) by articles; nationwide comparison (2008) （％） 12 National comparison(right axis) 70 56.6 57.4 0 20 40 60 80 100 55.3 53.2 55.0 60 10 47.9 52.6 51.5 8 40.5 42.7 40.7 50 10.1 23.7 40 6 4.8 Annual amount of lease contracts Annual amount 30 Osaka Other 4 2.8 2.8 3.3 of lease contracts Tokyo 51.8 5.3 2.2 20 12.7 24.2 1.7 1.5 6.2907 trillion yen 2 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.6 10 0 0 Fukuoka 3.9 Hokkaido 2.1 Others
Aichi and facility Annual rental sales equipment 21.6 8.6 4.8 52.8 and equipment 1.9619 trillion yen 6.6 Automobiles Machine tools Computer and and equipment and equipment Office equipment related equipment Civil engineering and Service machinery Medical equipment Commercial machinery Other industrial machinery construction machinery Kanagawa 5.5 Industrial machinery Telecommunications Note: Totals for general goods rental and leasing, industrial equipment and Note: Totals for general goods rental and leasing, industrial equipment and machinery rental and office machinery rental industries. machinery rental and office machinery rental industries. Source: METI“Survey of Selected Service Industries” Source: METI“Survey of Selected Service Industries”
Both the numbers of establishments and employees in real estate and goods rental and leasing industry are increasing in real estate agencies sector. Because there is a high concentration of office buildings, apartment complexes and other properties in Tokyo, the share of the real estate lessors and the real estate managers in Tokyo is high compared to the nationwide level. The standard land price increased from 2006 in terms of the year-on-year average volatility, but has now turned downward. For the Goods rental and leasing industry, the rental video sector and miscellaneous goods rental and leasing in Tokyo account for about half of the establishments and one-third of the employees. Tokyo’s nationwide share of this sector is also large, and with regard to leases in particular accounts for more than 50% of annual amount of lease contracts. By leased articles, the annual amount of lease contracts for computer and related equipment runs high in Tokyo.
24 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 Industry in Tokyo - Accommodations, Eating and Drinking Services Hotels Hold a Majority in Accommodations, Eating and Drinking Services Showing Declining Trend
Number of Japanese Inn Facilities in Decline, 1 2 Hotels Account for Over 60% of Tokyo Lodging Facilities Hotel Guestrooms Increasing Breakdown of number of items by NTT phone directory Number of Japanese inn and hotel facilities and guestrooms data categories (2008) (Establishments) (10,000 rooms) 1,800 Hotel guestrooms 9.4 10 Hot-spring inns 1.7 Restaurants with attached inns 0.2 1,616 (right axis) Small guesthouses 1.9 Mountain cottages 0.1 1,600 8.0 No-frills inns 2.3 Temple lodgings 0.04 Hotel facilities 1,400 8 1,290 Capsule hotels 2.9 （％） 1,200 Japanese inn guestrooms 6 1,000 (right axis) Japanese inn facilities Japanese inns 13.2 Hotels 34.6 800 695 691 4 3.9 600 Tourist homes 3.2 15.0 400 2 200 Business hotels 28.0 0 0 FY1997 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
Note: Figures show as of the end of each fiscal year. Note: As of April 1, 2008. Figures are computed on listed items in the phone book. Source: MHLW“Report on Public Health Administration and Services” Source: Japan Consultant Center for Living-related Business materials.
Large Number of Entertainment-Dining Establishments, 3 Majority of Nation’s Capsule Hotels Located in Tokyo 4 Nationwide breakdown of number of items High National Share of Japanese Restaurants by NTT phone director data categories (2008) （％） Nationwide share of establishments by minor groups (2006) 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 (1,000 establishments) National comparison (right axis)（％） 25 23.2 25 Hotels 8.5 19.3 18.5 19.8 20 17.4 16.9 20 Business hotels 8.3 15 15 Tourist homes 3.2 10.2 Japanese inns 2.5 10 8.2 8.2 10 5.6 5.8 5.0 7.9 Capsule hotels 53.8 5 2.5 Number of 5 establishments 0.9 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.1 No-frills inns 13.7 0 0 , ” ” Small guesthouses 1.1 Hot-spring inns 0.7 Restaurants with Takoyaki
0.5 “ "Sushi" bars and beer hall places, n.e.c. places,
attached inns shops Coffee Eating places Miscellaneous Okonomiyaki Bars, cabarets Bars, and night clubs and Mountain cottages 1.2 style) (Japanese ” Drinking houses noodles) restaurants “ Hamburger shops Hamburger Diners, restaurants Diners, Temple lodgings Eating and drinking 1.0 Chinese restaurants specialty restaurants Food delivery servicesFood Food take out services take Food Grilled meats restaurants Note: As of April 1, 2008. Figures are computed on listed items in the phone book. "Soba" and "Udon" (Japanese Yakisoba (Japanese snacks) shops snacks) (Japanese ” Source: Japan Consultant Center for Living-related Business materials. Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census”
5 Restaurants Declining in Large Number of 6 Food-Service Industry Characterized Business Categories by Small Ratio of Full-time Employees
Fluctuation rates in numbers of establishments
Number of employees per-establishment, ratio of (people) and employees by minor groups (2006/2001)） full-time employees by minor groups (Nationwide, 2006) （％） （％） 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 10 Eating and drinking places, n.e.c. 9.5 Coffee shops （ 41.5、29.1） All industries
7.5 16.6 53.8 （ Eating places Number of 8.6 Drinking houses and beer hall 5 employees Japanese restaurants 22.3 6.2 Grilled meats- Miscellaneous Chinese restaurants 22.2 Eating places All restaurants 8.4 restaurants specialty Grilled meats-restaurants (Japanese style) 16.5 Chinese restaurants 9.2 (Japanese style) restaurants Miscellaneous specialty restaurants 21.8 6.0 0 "Soba" and "Udon" (Japanese noodles) restaurants 20.0 6.7 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5 10 "Sushi" bars 22.6 “Okonomiyaki”, "Soba" and "Udon" Japanese 4.4 restaurants (Number of Drinking houses and beer hall 18.6 ”Yakisoba” and“ Takoyaki” restaurants 3.6 (Japanese noodles) -5 establishments) Bars, cabarets and night clubs 17.9 (Japanese snacks) shops 4.0 "Sushi" bars Hamburger shops （％） Coffee shops 14.3 Hamburger shops 28.3 Takeout dining service industry 3.6 6.5 -10 “Okonomiyaki”, ”Yakisoba” and“ Takoyaki” (Japanese snacks) shops 13.3 Number of employees per 11.0 Eating and drinking places, n.e.c. 15.5 establishment (people) 8.6 Food delivery Bars, cabarets Food take out services 11.5 Ratio of full-time and night clubs 15.3 service industry -15 Food delivery services 24.2 employees (%)
Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census”
Accommodation facilities in Tokyo, for Japanese inns, while the number of guestrooms is increasing slightly, the number of actual facilities is in decline. For hotels, although the number of establishments has leveled off, the volume of guestrooms is growing. In Tokyo, 60% of Accommodation facilities are hotels or business hotels, with the rate of both Japanese inns and tourist homes accounting for no more than a little over 10% of the total. For capsule hotels, although the actual number of facilities is low, the majority of these facilities nationwide are located in Tokyo. Restaurants in Tokyo are characterized by large numbers of drinking houses and beer hall and other entertainment-dining establishments, while compared to the nationwide level Tokyo also contains a high ratio of Japanese restaurants and other specialized restaurants. For the food service industry in general, both the numbers of establishments and employees are in decline, while the majority of people working in the dining industry are hired in categories other than full-time employees or staffers.
Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 25 Industry in Tokyo - Education, Learning Support Changes in Education, Learning Support Caused by the Trend toward Fewer Children
1 Increases in Numbers of Establishments and Employees 2 High Percentage of Private Kindergartens, Specialized of Miscellaneous Education, Learning Support Training Colleges and Miscellaneous Schools Breakdown of number of schools Numbers of establishments and employees by medium groups by school type, establisher and region (FY2009) （％） (1,000 Left bar : Establishments (10,000 people) 0 20 40 60 80 100 establishments) Right bar : Employees (right axis) 40 40 Kindergarten 1,064 18.1 53.6 27.3 Miscellaneous education, schools learning support 1,373 Elementary school 62.4 33.7 30 12.1 13.6 30 schools Lower secondary school 817 schools 48.2 29.3 17.3 Upper secondary school and 444 20 20 secondary school schools 29.5 17.1 42.1 11.3 School education 64 24.6 26.0 Special education school schools 59.4 34.4 14.2 15.2 10 10 191 Higher education institution schools 6.3 61.8 27.2 Specialized training college 622 5.0 4.9 and miscellaneous school schools 85.0 13.0 0 0 2001 06 National and local – ward National and local – municipality Private – ward Private – municipality Note: Includes establishments owned by national and local governments Note: Higher education institution includes universities, junior colleges, college of technology Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: TMG“Basic Survey of Schools”
Increasing Ratio of Adult Students Attending 3 College Enrollment Rate Reaches New Record High 4 Graduate School College enrollment rate, number of students by school type Number of graduate school adult students, （％） ratio of adult students (Nationwide) 70 65.0 (10,000 people) （％） 7 25 60 College enrollment rate 51.7 Tokyo 53.9 20.7 50 6 Ratio of adult students 45.1 Nationwide (right axis) 20 40 5 (10,000 people) 188.4 Number of students (Tokyo) 191.2 15 200 4 12.1
150 64.9 University students 69.8 3 5.5 10 100 35.9 Upper secondary school students 30.8 2 Number of adult students 31.9 Lower secondary school students 31.1 2.5 5 50 1 55.8 Elementary school students 59.4 0 0 0 FY2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Note: College includes universities, junior colleges, high schools (advanced courses), special education school (advanced courses) Source: TMG, MEXT“Basic Survey of Schools” Source: MEXT“Basic Survey of Schools”
Lower Secondary School Student Supplemental 5 Instruction Services for Arts, Culture and Technical Skills 6 Comprise Half of Miscellaneous Education, Learning Support Learning Expenses on the Rise Numbers of miscellaneous education, learning Per-student supplemental learning expenses, (10,000 yen) support establishments by minor groups (2006) monthly fees by school type (Nationwide) 21.7 Vocational and educational （％） 22 Lower secondary school students support facilities 2.6 20 18.1 Education and learning 18 support services, n.e.c. 6.5 Solid lines: Supplemental learning expenses 16 (excluding merchandise costs, etc.) Music instructions Foreign - language Dotted lines: Monthly fees other than supplemental Social Instruction services 11.8 14 learning expenses education for arts, culture and instructions 6.5 6.6 technical skills 12 Sports and health Upper secondary school students Number of 56.3 10 9.9 9.2 instructions 5.4 8.8 establishments: 8.8 Calligraphy instructions 4.9 Flower, tea 8 Elementary school students 15,170 6.6 Supplementary ceremony 6 6.2 tutorial schools instructions 3.3 4.1 28.0 Miscellaneous instruction 4 3.3 2.7 services for arts, culture Abacus 2 1.6 and technical skills instructions 3.1 0 21.3 1994 96 98 2000 02 04 06 08 Note: Includes establishments owned by national and local governments Note: Excludes private schools. Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: MEXT“Survey of Children’s Learning Expenses”
Both the numbers of establishments and employees in education, learning support are increasing. For the number of schools, the share of private institutions has become high for kindergartens, higher education institutions, specialized training colleges and miscellaneous schools. The college enrollment rate continues to increase, reaching a record high in 2009. With forecasts for a decline in the population of 18-year-olds, universities and graduate schools are making vigorous efforts to accept enrollment by working adults, the ratio of adult students attending graduate school is rising yearly. For learning outside of the sphere of school education, instruction services for arts, culture and technical skills comprise over half of the total, while supplementary tutorial schools account for more than one-fourth. Cram school fees and other supplemental learning expenses are showing an increase trend for lower secondary school students. For elementary school students, monthly fees other than supplemental learning expense comprise the more costly spending category.
26 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 Industry in Tokyo - Medical, Health Care and Welfare Within the Shifting Social and Economic Environments, Medical, Health Care and Welfare Industries Are Growing
1 Increasing Numbers of Establishments and Employees 2 Major Increases in Social Insurance and Social Welfare Service Establishments Number of establishments and employees by medium group Fluctuation rates in number of establishments （％） (1,000 establishments) (10,000 people) by medium group and employee scale (2006/2001) 160 Left bar: Establishments 50.1 144.3 50 Social insurance 50 1-4 5-9 10-19 Right bar: Employees (right axis) and social welfare 140 20-29 30 persons and over Public health 120 40 and hygiene 17.4 40 100 36.4 85.2 33.8 80 67.1 6.7 0.5 60 52.4 30 28.0 7.2 0.2 30 51.0 3.0 0.4 40 0.2 24.1 20.6 20 14.5 20 20 32.2 0 26.2 Medical and other 29.5 24.8 health service -20 10 10 -40 Social health service Medical, 0 0 Medical and other and hygiene health care social welfare insurance and and welfare 1999 2001 04 06 Public health Note: Excludes establishments hiring only dispatched/subcontracted employees. Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census” Source: MIC“Establishment and Enterprise Census”
3 More Service Providers Entering Day 4 Rapid Increase in Day Nursery Opening Waiting List Nurseries and Home-based Nursing Care Numbers of day nurseries and Number of children waiting for day (Children) （％） (Nurseries) home-based nursing care service providers (Cases) nursery openings, application rate 10,000 32 2,500 7,484 8,000 Number of home-based nursing 30.9 care service providers Day nursery application rate 29.7 7,939 30 8,000 154 2,000 (right axis) (right axis) 538 "Tokyo Style" certified child 448 6,000 27.8 4 years old and over 1,584 care day nurseries 2,036 28 1,500 6,000 5,208 5,223 5,221 5,479 341 4,908 4,000 4,601 26 3,263 906 4,000 3 years old 1,000 1,705 Authorized child care centers 1,544 2 years old 3,877 24 2,000 2,000 500 1,780 1 years old 22 1,334 637 3 years old and under (or less) 0 0 0 20 FY2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 2003 04 05 06 07 08 09 Note: Authorized and certified day nurseries as of April 1 each year. Home-based Note: Day nursery application rate represents ratio of all preschool age children nursing care service providers as of March 1 each year. for whom applications are made to day nurseries. Source: TMG“Statistical Yearbook on Welfare and Public Health”, TMG materials. Source: TMG materials.
5 Gaps in Fluctuations in Numbers of Physicians 6 Declining Numbers of Hospitals and Beds by Treatment Specialty Percentage change in the numbers of Number of physicians by treatment specialty （％） (People) medical facilities and beds by area 20 5,000 Pediatrics 15.5 15.4 Surgery Shi, Machi and Mura of Tokyo (2,251 locations) 4,000 (226 locations) 10 Tokyo Ku-area 9.4 9.1 (424 locations) 3,000 (3,017 locations) Cardiovascular (50,737 beds) 2,000 0 Obstetrics and gynecology -1.3 (9,624 (8,300 -3.1 -6.6 Radiology locations) locations) 1,000 -9.4 Maternity Allergies Plastic surgery (85,411 beds) Psychosomatic medicine -10 0 Hospitals General clinics Dental clinics Number of beds 1988 90 92 94 96 98 2000 060402 08 Note: Real Numbers in parentheses are for 2007. Note: Physicians engaged in the and over hinds of clinics are counted in each clinic. The Number of beds is the total of the number of beds in hospitals and in general clinics. Source: TMG, MHLW“Survey of Physicians, Dentists and Pharmacists” Source: TMG“Medical Facilities in Tokyo”
In the fields of Medical, health care and welfare in Tokyo, the numbers of establishments and employees both continue to increase. This is particularly true of social insurance and social welfare service establishments, all of which have recorded major increases in each scale of their employees. The number of day nurseries, as well as the number of businesses participating in home-based nursing care services, including home-visit nursing care and day nursing care facilities, are on the rise. On the other hand, as a result of increased population of preschool children, worsened economic conditions and other factors, there has been a broad increase in the number of children waiting for day nursery openings. With regard to the number of physicians, gaps exist in the fluctuations in numbers by their treatment specialties. Examining the numbers of medical facilities, meanwhile, although there have been increases in general treatment and dental clinics, the number of hospitals is in decline. The reduced number of hospitals has been accompanied by a decrease in the number of hospital beds.
Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 27 Industry in Tokyo - Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Industry in Tokyo - Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Tokyo’s Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Industries Support Affluent and Healthy Food and Lifestyles
Cultivated Lands Exist in Tokyo’s Central Breakdown of cultivated land area 1 by geographical area (2008) 5 Rich Varieties of Tokyo Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Products Ward Areas Too 23-ku Breakdown of forestry production Breakdown of livestock production Breakdown of vegetable production Cultivated land distribution by area (2008) Tokyo （％） Islands area value by type (2007) value by type (2007) value by type (2006) Kitatama area 14.1 8.8 Charcoal 0.4 （％） Chicken 2.0 （％） （％） Cultivated lands: 2,730ha Firewood 1.0 Nishitama area Productive green area subtotal: 2,032ha Minamitama Cultivated Kitatama area Sakaki (plant used in area land area religious ceremonies) 6.4 34.5 Hen eggs 23.0 7,910ha 11.8 Komatsuna Camellia oil 20.0 Kitatama area 11.8 Other 31.6 23-ku area Nishitama area Pork 19.6 Forestry 12.8 Livestock Vegetable production value Mushrooms production value Raw milk production value Spinach Minamitama area 730 million yen 56.6 2.45 billion yen 52.4 16.75 billion yen 10.6 Nishitama area Source: Kanto Regional Agricultural Logs Cultivated lands: 1,550ha 23-ku area Administration Office“ Annual 23.8 Tomatoes Productive green area subtotal: 269ha Cultivated lands: 701ha Report of Statistics on Agriculture, Beef Broccoli 2.4 8.7 Productive green area subtotal: 488ha Forestry and Fisheries in Tokyo” 20.9 Sweet corns 3.7 Soybeans, Urbanization control area Cucumbers 3.7 Minamitama area green 6.0 Notes: Urbanization control area: Districts to be urbanized within 10 years Tokyo Islands Urbanization promotion area Japanese radishes 4.1 Cabbage 4.9 Urbanization promotion area: Districts where urbanization is restricted Cultivated lands: 1,820ha Cultivated lands: 1,120ha Irish Potatoes 4.3 Productive green area: Cultivated lands to be preserved within urbanized district Productive green area subtotal: 820ha Productive green area subtotal: 0ha Cultivated land Sourse: TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs research
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Production Remains Advancing Age of Persons Supporting Agriculture, 2 3 Major agricultural, forestry, at Approximately the Same Level in Recent Years Forestry and Fisheries Sectors and fisheries products Agricultural, forestry, and fisheries production Breakdown of people engaged in agricultural, (100 million yen) forestry, and fisheries industries by age (2005) （％） 500 0 20 40 60 80 100 Tokyo 45.4 (25,258 people) 6.2 10.2 12.0 18.4 53.2 400 9.6 Forestry products Nationwide 5.1 9.2 18.4 60 years old and older 63.8 (2,703,360 people) Fisheries products 35.6 Agricultural 3.5 300 6.4 Tokyo 30s 5.5 15.6 24.1 42.0 400.1 (307 people) 12.7 200 Nationwide 7.7 10.8 15.5 27.0 39.0 Agricultural products 297.5 Forestry (46,618 people) 30 years old and under 100 Tokyo 40s 50s (1,099 people) 9.1 12.6 18.0 32.8 27.5 Nationwide 0 7.5 10.6 16.2 25.4 40.3 1998 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 06 Fisheries (215,813 people) Note: Figures by place of work Source: TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs research Source: MIC“Population Census”
4 Slump Continues for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Industry Number of fishery management entities, number of persons (10,000 Number of farming households, population Number of persons engaged in forestry, engaged in fisheries industry, and quantity of catches engaged in farming, and cultivated land area forest area, and lumber production volume (100 ha) people) 3 (People) Breakdown of the value of flower and garden (1,000 ha) (People) (1,000 ｍ ） Breakdown of fruit production (10,000 households) Number of persons (Management entities) (1,000 tons) tree production by type (2006) Breakdown of fisheries production 5 20 1,500 1,429 engaged in forestry 1,000 2,500 25 value by type (2006) Paddy fields (right axis) Number of persons engaged Other kinds of flower 0.2 value by type (2008) （％） 4.5 2,235 （％） Bulb plant 0.5 Population engaged Forest area (right axis) in the fisheries industry Shellfishes （％） 2.8 Number in farming 808.1 785.4 Quantity of catches 4 800 2,000 20 Seaweeds of farming 15 (within bays) Japanese Apricots 3.0 Other Seedling for Lands under 3.8 Kinme fish Persimmons 4.3 7.1 flowerbed households 1,626 Number of fishery (right axis) Other fisheries products (Alfonsino) 3.1 permanent crops 1,000 management entities Potted flower 22.5 9.0 Flower 3 (right axis) 1,500 15 7.9 23.4 600 13.3 Chestnuts 5.5 Other kinds plants 1,1561,243 Garden trees 10 of potted flower Value of flower Fisheries and garden tree 37.1 Blueberries Fruit production production 2 400 1,000 10 Japanese Cyclamen production Ground 1.6 9.1 value 3.09 pears value 3.80 Swordfish 500 Plant with 7.12 cover crop 669 billion yen 54.3 beautiful leaves billion yen 10.0 5 294 billion yen 1.4 Lumber production volume 4.6 Other kinds of 1 Fields (right axis) 200 500 5 Grasses (right axis) Quantity of catches 0.4 Grapes Cut flower Cut leaf Skipjack tuna 95 Other kinds of fish 8.6 (Tokyo Islands) (right axis) 4.2 16.5 43.5 21 Cut flower 0 0 0 0 0 0 1975 80 85 90 95 2000 05 1975 80 85 90 95 2000 05 1978 83 88 93 98 2003 08 30.8 Notes: Figures for 1990 and thereafter only include commercial farm households. Lumber production volume is production of logs. Source: MAFF“Census of Agriculture & Forestry,”“Survey on Cultivated Land Area,”“Report of Supply and Demand of Timber,”“Fishery Census,” MIC“Population Census” Source: TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs research and TMG Bureau of Industrial and Labor Affairs research
Cultivated land in Tokyo is distributed over a wide sphere ranging from the central ward districts to the Tama and island regions, and supplies produce that Tokyo’s Agricultural, Forestry and Fisheries Industries mobilize the outstanding geographical conditions of lying adjacent to such a large consumer is fresh, safe and trustworthy. The output of Tokyo’s agriculture, forestry and fisheries industries remains stable at the same general level. The percentage area, with specialties rich in variety produced with the focus on the Tama district. Grown within the Tokyo Metropolitan area are the komatsuna species of workers age 60 or over has become high, with the aging of this segment advancing. The ranks of persons supporting Tokyo’s agriculture, forestry and of mustard plant, spinach and other vegetables, Japanese pears, grapes and many other kinds of fruits, for which direct sales and picking off the fisheries industries have declined, in contrast to growth in the numbers of those involved in fishing. In forestry, recent years have generated demands for branch for purchase are also available. In the island regions, ashitaba parsley species unique to the Izu Islands, as well as cut leaves and other crops forest management capable of raising carbon dioxide absorption and the other diversified functions of forests. In fisheries, the waters in the vicinity of the that thrive in the warm climate there are cultivated, while Kinme fish (Alfonsino), Skipjack tuna and various other fisheries products are harvested. Izu Islands and Ogasawara Islands offer some of the most fertile fishing grounds in Japan, supplying fresh fish and shellfish all year-round. Tokyo is also known for its own outstanding quality brands of fruits and vegetables, livestock, fisheries and other products.
28 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 Industry and Employment in Tokyo - A Graphic Overview 2010 29