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Cycnoches Cooperi Die Arten Der Sekt OrchideenJournal Heft 2 · 2013 Cycnoches cooperi Die Arten der Sekt. Cycnoches sind gut defi niert, sie lassen sich relativ ein- Foto: © G. Braem fach bestimmen. Es gibt hier 7 – 8 Ar- ten, wir fi nden nur wenige Synonyme auf Artniveau: C. chlorochilon Klotzsch C. cucullatum Lindl. === C. loddige- sii Lindl. C. farnsworthianum D.E. Benn. & Christenson (ob gute Art???) C. haagii Barb. Rodr. C. lehmannii Rchb.f. C. loddigesii Lindl. C. loddigesii var. leucochilum Hook. === C. loddigesii Lindl. C. lusiae G.A.Romero & Garay C. tonduzii Schltr. === C. warszewi- czii Rchb.f. C. ventricosum Bateman C. ventricosum var. chlorochilon (Klotzsch) P.H. Allen === C. chloro- chilon Klotzsch C. ventricosum var. warszewiczii (Rchb.f.) P.H. Allen === C. warszewi- czii Rchb.f. C. versicolor Rchb.f. === C. haagii Barb.Rodr. C. warszewiczii Rchb.f. Bei den Arten der Sekt. Heteranthae stellt sich die Situation ganz anders dar. Die Artenzahl schwankt je nach Autor und dessen Interpretation zwi- schen 19 und 27, möglicherweise auch noch weniger Arten, die zahlreichen Cycnoches - München Unterarten gar nicht eingerechnet. Dringende Suche nach Pfl anzenmaterial C. albidum Kraenzl. === C. dianae – ein Projekt wird vorgestellt Rchb.f. Saunders Gerlach C. amesianum J. === Günter C. pentadactylon Lindl. C. amparoanum Schltr. === Orchideen der Gattung Cycnoches fi n- lich ganz andere Blüten (männlich/ C. egertonianum var. egertonianum den sich trotz ihrer spektakulären Blü- weiblich) hervorbringen konnten (aus- C. aureum Lindl. & Paxton ten recht selten in Liebhabersamm- führlich bei Carr 2006). Charles Dar- C. barthiorum G.F. Carr & Christenson lungen. Die Pfl anzen sind weniger für win klärte den Sachverhalt schließ- C. bennettii Dodson die Fensterbankkultur geeignet, da sie lich auf, gegen Ende des 20. Jahrhun- C. brachydactylon Schltr. höhere Temperaturen bevorzugen. Sie derts wurde dann in etwa verstanden, (ob gute Art???) sind ähnlich denen der Catasetum-Ar- was die Pfl anzen zum Wechseln des C. carrii Christenson ten, nur imposanter, denn sie besitzen Geschlechts ihrer Blüten animierte C. christensonii D.E. Benn. ausgeprägte Bulben, die bei C. wars- (Gregg 1975, 1978). (ob gute Art???) zewiczii fast 80 cm Länge erreichen C. cooperi Rolfe können. Wie bei Catasetum haben wir Die Gattung Cycnoches lässt sich in C. cooperi subsp. ayacuchoensis es mit Orchideen zu tun, die männliche 2 Sektionen unterscheiden, bei der D.E. Benn. & Christenson und weibliche Blüten hervorbringen. Sekt. Cycnoches sind die männlichen (ob gute Unterart???) Dem bekannten Orchideensystema- und weiblichen Blüten recht ähnlich, C. cooperi subsp. cooperi tiker John Lindley besorgte die Gat- während sie sich bei der Sekt. He- C. cooperi var. villenae tung Alpträume, denn er verstand da- teranthae völlig unterscheiden (siehe G.F. Carr & A. Prieto mals nicht, wieso die Pfl anzen plötz- Zeichnungen). (ob gute Unterart???) 48 Heft 2 · 2013 OrchideenJournal Cycnoches Sektion Cycnoches (männliche Blüte) C. densifl orum Rolfe C. dianae Rchb.f. C. egertonianum Bateman C. egertonianum var. aureum (Lindl. & Paxton) P.H. Allen === C. aureum Lindl. & Paxton C. egertonianum var. dianae (Rchb.f.) P.H. Allen === C. dianae Rchb.f. C. egertonianum var. egertonianum C. egertonianum var. viride Lindl. C. espiritosantense Brade === C. pen- tadactylon Lindl. C. glanduliferum Rolfe C. Pollinarium C. guttulatum Schltr. (ob gute Art???) C. herrenhusanum 4 Jenny & G.A. Romero C. jarae Dodson & D.E. Benn. C. maculatum Lindl. 5 A. Pfl anze C. manoelae P.Castro & Campacci C. pachydactylon Schltr. 15 cm (ob gute Art???) 6 3 mm B. Säule C. paucifl orum Schltr. === C. egerto- 3 3b 2 nianum var. egertonianum 3a 1 C. pentadactylon Lindl. D. Lippe C. pentadactylon var. cooperi (Rolfe) Pabst === C. cooperi Rolfe 7 7 Rolfe C. peruvianum 8 8 7 C. powellii Schltr. (ob gute Art???) C. quatuorcristis D.E. Benn. 8 (ob gute Art???) C. rossianum Rolfe, 9 C. schmidtianum Christenson & G.F. Carr C. stelliferum Lodd. nom. nud. === A. Pfl anze Habitus C. egertonianum var. viride Lindl. B. Säule: 1) Funktionslose Narbenkam- C. stenodactylon Schltr. 10 mer; 2) Rostellumband; 3) Klinandri- (ob gute Art???) 1 cm um: 3a) Auswüchse; 3b) Filament C. suarezii Dodson C. Pollinarium: Pollinien; 5) Stielchen; C. thurstoniorum Dodson Pérez 1 – 49 6) Klebescheibe (ob gute Art???) Cycnoches ventricosum Bateman. BGM - D. Lippe: 7) Nagel; 8) Kalli; 9) Hypo- C. ventricosum var. egertonianum 2003/3992; 20 VIII 2012, Pérez 1401 M! chil; 10) Epichil (Bateman) Hook. === C. egertonia- num Bateman von den Arten der Sekt. Cycnoches Zudem wird der Blütenduft gesammelt liegt schon ausreichend Material vor. und auf seine chemische Komposition Aus dem zuvor Gesagten ergibt Deshalb ergeht hier der Aufruf zur Mit- untersucht. Wie bei den anderen Or- sich die dringende Notwendigkeit, arbeit und Hilfe. chideenarten mit Parfümblumensyn- die Gattung Cycnoches einer einge- drom wird erwartet, dass sich die Ar- henden, kritischen Prüfung zu unter- Suchen dringend Pfl anzenmateri- ten in ihrer Duftzusammensetzung ziehen. Dabei soll so viel wie mög- al von Arten der Gattung Cycnoches deutlich unterscheiden. Nur so können lich an Pfl anzenmaterial herange- Sekt. Heteranthae zur wissenschaft- Arten im gleichen Biotop wachsen, oh- zogen werden. Die Bearbeitung der lichen Bearbeitung. Bitte wenden ne Naturhybriden zu bilden, denn die Gattung soll sowohl mit moleku- Sie sich an: Dr. Günter Gerlach, Bestäuber (meist wenige Euglossi- laren, bestäubungsbiologischen [email protected] ni-Arten) sind hochspezifi sch in ihrer (be sonders chemotaxonomischen) Duftpräferenz. Der Bestäuber kennt als auch morphologischen (Blüten- Die Untersuchung des Cycnoches-Ma- seine Art sehr genau, er erkennt sie aufbau) Untersuchungen durch - terials wird im Rahmen der Doktorar- am Blütenduft und nicht an Form und geführt werden. Für diese umfang- beit von Oscar Pérez im Botanischen Gestalt. Sollten 2 Pfl anzen in der Form reiche, wissenschaftliche Arbeit wird Garten München-Nymphenburg durch- unterschiedliche Blüten hervorbrin- zusätzliches Material von Arten der geführt. Dabei werden die Blüten do- gen, aber denselben Blütenduft besit- Sekt. Heteranthae dringend benö tigt, kumentiert, analysiert und gezeichnet. zen, so werden sie von derselben Bie- 49 OrchideenJournal A. Blüte Heft 2 · 2013 Cycnoches Sektion Heteranthae (männliche Blüte) 4 al in die molekularen Untersuchungen 1 cm einbezogen werden, dies hängt von 3 der Zustimmung des jeweiligen Her- bars ab (einige Zustimmungen liegen schon vor). Duftuntersuchungen kön- nen selbstverständlich nur an leben- den Pfl anzen durchgeführt werden, so wird im Moment weltweit nach sol- 2 chen in den verschiedensten wissen- schaftlichen Sammlungen gefahndet. Panamá beherbergt die meisten Cy- cnoches-Arten, zumindest wurden die 1 C. Pollinarium meisten der Arten von dort beschrie- ben (vor allem von R. Schlechter). Es 5 ist recht unwahrscheinlich, dass dort B. Säule auf engstem Raum so viele Arten ne- beneinander vorkommen können. So 2 mm 6 4 soll das Land ausgiebig bereist wer- 2 den, um dort Feldstudien durchzufüh- 3 7 1 ren. So sollen dort Prachtbienen (Eu- 3b glossini) mit künstlichen Duftstoffen 3a angelockt werden. Es ist bekannt, dass Cycnoches-Arten ihre Pollinarien auf D. Lippe das Hinterteil (Abdomen) des Pracht- bienenmännchens kleben. Diese Polli- 10 10 8 10 8 10 narien sind gut von denen anderer Or- chideen zu unterscheiden. Molekular 11a lassen sich Pollinarien ebenfalls gut untersuchen und hoffentlich dann den 11a 11b 8 entsprechenden Cycnoches-Arten zu- 9 8 ordnen. Zudem soll natürlich im jewei- 11b 11c ligen Habitat die Bestäubung doku- 12 13 12 11c 11c 13 11d Literatur 11d 11d Carr, G.F. Jr. (2006) The genus Cy- 12 cnoches and its species. Orchid Review 114: 162 – 167; 221 – 225; A. Blüte seitlich: 1) Säule; 2) Lippe; 3) Fruchtknoten und 4) Blütenstiel 288 – 292. B. Säule: 1) Funktionslose Narbenkammer; 2) Rostellumband; 3) Klinandrium: 3a) Auswüchse; 3b) Filament Gerlach G. (2007) The true sexu- C. Pollinarium: 4) Antherenkappe; 5) Pollinien; 6) Stielchen; 7) Klebescheibe al life of Catasetum and Cycnoches. D. Lippe: 8) Nagel; 9) Hypochil; 10) basale Kalli; 11a–11d) Anhänge; 12) apikale Caesiana 28: 57 – 62. Kalli; 13) Epichel Gregg, K.B. (1975) The effect of light Pérez 1 - 48 intensity on sex expression in spe- Cycnoches peruvianum Rolfe. BGM - 2012/0839; 31 VIII 2012, Pérez 1402 M! cies of Cycnoches and Catasetum (Orchidaceae). Selbyana 1: 101 – 113. nenart angefl ogen und bestäubt. Folg- werten, um so belegbare Aussagen Gregg, K.B. (1978) The interaction lich handelt es sich um eine Art, die le- zu bekommen. Dies kann nur mit viel of light intensity, plant size, and nu- diglich variabel in der Blütenform ist. Pfl anzenmaterial bewerkstelligt wer- trition in sex expression in Cycno- Andererseits ist es durchaus vorstell- den, wobei bei Orchideen schon mehr ches (Orchidaceae). Selbyana 2: bar, dass die Bestäuber zwischen zwei als 2 Pfl anzen pro Art „viel“ bedeutet. 212 – 223. für uns sehr ähnlichen Formen unter- Neben diesen beiden klassischen Me- Romero, G. & Gerlach, G. (2009) scheiden, hier handelt es sich um ver- thoden wird die Gattung Cycnoches Cycnoches. pp 22 – 25. In: Prid- steckte (kryptische) oder Schwester- auch molekular untersucht. Selbst geon, A., Cribb, P., Chase, M. & Arten (sibling species). Eine der zen- modernste Methoden wie „next ge- Rasmussen, F. (eds.) Genera Orchi- tralen Aufgaben der Forschungsarbeit neration sequencing“ soll eingesetzt dacearum. Vol. 5: Epidendroideae ist es, die Cycnoches-Arten erneut
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