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Activation and Inhibition of Multiple Inflammasome Pathways by the Yersinia Pestis Type Three Secretion System University of Massachusetts Medical School eScholarship@UMMS GSBS Dissertations and Theses Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 2016-05-11 Activation and Inhibition of Multiple Inflammasome athwaP ys by the Yersinia Pestis Type Three Secretion System: A Dissertation Dmitry Ratner University of Massachusetts Medical School Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Follow this and additional works at: https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss Part of the Bacterial Infections and Mycoses Commons, Bacteriology Commons, Immunity Commons, and the Immunology of Infectious Disease Commons Repository Citation Ratner D. (2016). Activation and Inhibition of Multiple Inflammasome athwaP ys by the Yersinia Pestis Type Three Secretion System: A Dissertation. GSBS Dissertations and Theses. https://doi.org/10.13028/ M21P4V. Retrieved from https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/850 This material is brought to you by eScholarship@UMMS. It has been accepted for inclusion in GSBS Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of eScholarship@UMMS. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ACTIVATION AND INHIBITION OF MULTIPLE INFLAMMASOME PATHWAYS BY THE YERSINIA PESTIS TYPE THREE SECRETION SYSTEM A Dissertation Presented By DMITRY RATNER Submitted to the Faculty of the University of Massachusetts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Worcester, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 11, 2016 PROGRAM IN IMMUNOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ACTIVATION AND INHIBITION OF MULTIPLE INFLAMMASOME PATHWAYS BY THE YERSINIA PESTIS TYPE THREE SECRETION SYSTEM A Dissertation Presented By DMITRY RATNER This work was undertaken at the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Program in Immunology and Virology Under the mentorship of Dr. Egil Lien, Thesis Advisor The signatures of the Dissertation Defense Committee signify completion and approval as to style and content of the Dissertation ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Doug Golenbock, Member of Committee ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Jon Goguen, Member of Committee ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Stuart Levitz, Member of Committee ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Lee Wetzler, External Member of Committee The signature of the Chair of the Committee signifies that the written dissertation meets the requirements of the Dissertation Committee ________________________________________________________________________ Dr. Kate Fitzgerald, Chair of Committee The signature of the Dean of the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences signifies that the student has met all graduation requirements of the School. ________________________________________________________________________ Anthony Carruthers, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences May 11 2016 i Table of Contents Acknowledgements...................................................................................................................iv Abstract.....................................................................................................................................vii List of Publications..................................................................................................................viii List of Figures...........................................................................................................................ix List of Tables............................................................................................................................xi CHAPTER I: Introduction..........................................................................................................1 Innate Immunity.............................................................................................................2 Inflammasomes and their Role in Disease....................................................................4 Heterogeneity of Inflammasome structure, activation, and regulation mechanisms...5 Secretion Systems of Bacterial Pathogens..................................................................10 Interactions of specific bacterial secretion systems with Inflammasomes.................13 Salmonella.......................................................................................................13 Burkholderia....................................................................................................18 Pseudomonas...................................................................................................20 Francisella.......................................................................................................26 Legionella........................................................................................................29 Shigella............................................................................................................31 Yersinia...........................................................................................................33 Yersinia pestis vs other Yersinia.................................................................................36 Y. pestis as a model for T3SS interaction with Inflammasomes................................38 Objectives for Thesis...................................................................................................38 ii Preface to CHAPTER II...........................................................................................................39 CHAPTER II: Y. pestis YopM and YopJ Inhibit IL-1Β/IL-18 Production...........................40 Abstract........................................................................................................................41 Introduction..................................................................................................................42 Results..........................................................................................................................44 YopM and YopJ differentially influence inflammasomes and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines................................................44 YopM and YopJ have redundant effects on virulence in vivo.......................47 Inhibition of IL-1Β and IL-18 production are overlapping functions of YopM and YopJ in mice, but other effects differ......................50 YopM and YopJ may have different functions in other cell types................53 Interpretation of the relative roles of YopM and YopJ in vitro and in vivo..............................................................53 Conclusion...................................................................................................................58 Preface to CHAPTER III.........................................................................................................59 CHAPTER III: Specific inhibition of the Pyrin inflammasome by Yersinia pestis type III secretion effector YopM...............................................................60 Abstract........................................................................................................................61 Introduction..................................................................................................................61 Results..........................................................................................................................64 YopK, but not YopM, keeps NLRP3 and NLRC4 activation by the Y. pestis needle/translocon in check...................................64 iii YopM specifically inhibits the Pyrin inflammasome, which is activated by YopE.............................................................................69 Pyrin interacts with YopM, Pkn1, Rsk1, Iqgap1, and is controlled by 14-3-3e............................................................................74 Conclusion....................................................................................................................83 CHAPTER IV: Discussion.......................................................................................................84 Immune evasion by T3SS pathogens related to Y. pestis...........................................85 Inflammasome Activation and Inhibition by the Y. pestis T3SS...............................86 Control of Pyrin Inflammasome Activity....................................................................92 Familial Mediterranean Fever and Plague..................................................................95 Conclusion...................................................................................................................97 Experimental Procedures.........................................................................................................98 References...............................................................................................................................109 iv Acknowledgements I wish to express my deepest thanks and appreciation to my advisor, Dr. Egil Lien, for his phenomenal support and guidance through this journey. He was always ready to discuss and consider new ideas, which at times resulted in very creative experiments and approaches in this study. Importantly, having independence to try new things and to work according to my own rhythm has sustained my motivation to keep pursuing this project in earnest. Flexibility was especially crucial in the months after I became a f ather, and
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