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Study of Host-Pathogen Interactions Between Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Drosophila Melanogaster in a Intestinal Infection Model Samantha Haller

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Study of Host-Pathogen Interactions Between Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Drosophila Melanogaster in a Intestinal Infection Model Samantha Haller Study of host-pathogen interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Drosophila melanogaster in a intestinal infection model Samantha Haller To cite this version: Samantha Haller. Study of host-pathogen interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Drosophila melanogaster in a intestinal infection model. Bacteriology. Université de Strasbourg, 2014. English. NNT : 2014STRAJ061. tel-01367972 HAL Id: tel-01367972 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01367972 Submitted on 18 Sep 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG ÉCOLE DOCTORALE DES SCIENCES DE LA VIE ET DE LA SANTE Unité Propre du CNRS 9022 THÈSE présentée par : Samantha HALLER soutenue le : 18 septembre 2014 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’Université de Strasbourg Discipline/ Spécialité : Sciences du Vivant Aspects Moléculaires et Cellulaires de la Biologie Etude des interactions hôte-pathogène entre Pseudomonas aeruginosa et Drosophila melanogaster dans un modèle d’infection intestinale THÈSE dirigée par : M. FERRANDON Dominique Docteur, UPR9022 CNRS RAPPORTEURS : M. JASPER Heinrich Professeur, Buck Institute for Research on Aging M. FILLOUX Alain Professeur, Imperial College London AUTRES MEMBRES DU JURY : Mme BLANDIN Stéphanie Docteur, INSERM ! Acknowledgements First of all I wish to thank Professor Jules Hoffmann and Professor Jean-Marc Reichhart for having made the laboratory one among the best in the field of innate immunity and a very fruitful environment for young scientist. I deeply thank Professor Heinrich Jasper, Professor Alain Filloux and Doctor Stephanie Blandin for taking from the time to read and evaluate my work and to come to Strasbourg to attend at my PhD defense. Dear Dominique, the last five years you were always present for discussions and help whenever I needed it. I friendly thank you for all you taught me in Science but not only. Steffi, I need to thank you for the establishment of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa intestinal infection model in our laboratory and even more for all you taught me during my first year in the lab. I do not forget neither my current and formers colleagues and lab mates for their help and support the last five years…Moreover I also thank the ESBS team and especially Olivier for all his support. I am grateful to my friends and to my family for their permanent support and encouragements. ! ABBREVIATIONS AHL Acyl-homoserine lactone AMP Antimicrobial peptide CCR Copper cell region CF Cystitic fibrosis CrPV Cricket Paralysis Virus Crq Croquemort DAP-type PGN meso-diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan DCV Drosophila C Virus DD Death domain DIF Dorsal-related immunity factor DSCAM Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule DsRBP DsRNA binding protein DsRNA Double-stranded RNA DUOX Dual oxidase EB Enteroblast EC Enterocyte EE Enteroendocrine cell Gal4 Galactose4 Gal80ts Galactose80 thermo-sensitive GNBP Gram-negative binding protein HCN Hydrogen cyanide HHQ 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline Imd Immune deficiency IRAK IL-1 receptor-associated kinase IRD5 Immune response deficient 5 ISC Intestinal stem cell JAK Janus kinase JNK Jun kinase Key Kenny LRR Leucine-rich repeat Lys-type PGN Lysine-type peptidoglycan Mcr Macroglobulin-complement related MyD88 Myeloid differentiation primary response 88 NADPH Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate PGN Peptidoglycan PGRP Peptidoglycan recognition protein PO Phenoloxidase PQS 3,4-dihydroxy-2-heptylquinoline ProPO Pro-phenol oxidase PRR Pattern recognition receptor PRR Pattern recognition receptor Psh Persephone QS Quorum sensing RHIM RIP homotypic interaction RIP Receptor interacting protein RISC RNA-induced silencing complex RNA Ribonucleic acid RNAi RNA interference ROS Reactive oxygen species Sec Secretory pathway siRNA Small interfering RNA SPE Spaetzle-processing enzyme SR-CI Scavenger receptor CI STAT Signal transducer and activator of transcription TAB2 TAK1-associated binding protein 2 TAK1 TGF-beta-activated kinase 1 Tat Translocation pathway TCT Tracheal cytotoxcin Tep Thioester-containing protein TIR Toll/interleukin-1 receptor TISC Toll-induced signaling complex TLR Toll-like receptor UAS Upstream activator sequence Upd3 Unpaired3 VSR Viral suppressor of RNAi VSV Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Table of content Preface ....................................................................................................................................... 3 General Introduction ............................................................................................................... 4 I. Drosophila melanogaster ................................................................................................ 4 A. A genetic model organism ....................................................................................................... 4 B. Drosophila innate immunity .................................................................................................... 5 1. Cellular response .................................................................................................................. 5 a) Drosophila hematopoiesis ............................................................................................... 6 b) Different types of blood cells .......................................................................................... 6 c) Phagocytic receptors and opsonins .................................................................................. 7 d) Host-pathogen interactions in phagocytosis ................................................................... 8 2. The humoral immune response ............................................................................................ 9 a) Microbial recognition .................................................................................................... 10 b) The Toll pathway .......................................................................................................... 11 c) The Imd pathway ........................................................................................................... 14 3. Intestinal immunity ............................................................................................................ 15 a) The structure of the Drosophila intestine ...................................................................... 15 b) Intestinal defense mechanisms ...................................................................................... 18 4. Coagulation and Melanization ........................................................................................... 19 5. Drosophila antiviral response ............................................................................................ 20 a) The RNAi pathway ........................................................................................................ 20 b) Other anti-viral mechanisms ......................................................................................... 21 II. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ............................................................................................ 22 A. An opportunistic pathogen ..................................................................................................... 22 B. Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence system .......................................................................... 23 1. Pseudomonas aeruginosa protein secretion systems ......................................................... 23 a) Two-stage secretion systems ......................................................................................... 24 b) One-stage secretion systems ......................................................................................... 25 2. Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing ........................................................................ 26 a) The AHL signaling system: LasRI and RhlRI .............................................................. 27 b) The quinolone signaling system .................................................................................... 28 C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection models ........................................................................... 29 1. Different host models ......................................................................................................... 29 2. Drosophila melanogaster host models .............................................................................. 30 Aim of this work ................................................................................................................. 32 ! 1 Chapter 1 ................................................................................................................................ 33 A quorum-sensing independent function of P. aeruginosa RhlR in circumventing Thioester protein mediated phagocytosis in an intestinal infection model of Drosophila 33 Chapter 2 ................................................................................................................................ 44 Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria coordinate their virulence from host to host
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