INFECTIOUS CAUSES of ABORTION in the CAT Donald H. Lein, DVM
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Defining Escherichia Coli As a Health-Promoting Microbe Against Intestinal Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/612606; this version posted April 17, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. Defining Escherichia coli as a health-promoting microbe against intestinal Pseudomonas aeruginosa Theodoulakis Christofi1, Stavria Panayidou1, Irini Dieronitou1, Christina Michael1 & Yiorgos Apidianakis1* 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus *Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Abstract Gut microbiota acts as a barrier against intestinal pathogens, but species-specific protection of the host from infection remains relatively unexplored. Taking a Koch’s postulates approach in reverse to define health-promoting microbes we find that Escherichia coli naturally colonizes the gut of healthy mice, but it is depleted from the gut of antibiotic-treated mice, which become susceptible to intestinal colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and concomitant mortality. Reintroduction of fecal bacteria and E. coli establishes a high titer of E. coli in the host intestine and increases defence against P. aeruginosa colonization and mortality. Moreover, diet is relevant in this process because high sugars or dietary fat favours E. coli fermentation to lactic acid and P. aeruginosa growth inhibition. To the contrary, low sugars allow P. aeruginosa to produce the oxidative agent pyocyanin that inhibits E. coli growth. Our results provide an explanation as to why P. aeruginosa doesn’t commonly infect the human gut, despite being a formidable microbe in lung and wound infections. -
Lung Infections Aeruginosa Pseudomonas Hypersusceptibility
TLRs 2 and 4 Are Not Involved in Hypersusceptibility to Acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infections This information is current as Reuben Ramphal, Viviane Balloy, Michel Huerre, Mustapha of September 29, 2021. Si-Tahar and Michel Chignard J Immunol 2005; 175:3927-3934; ; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.6.3927 http://www.jimmunol.org/content/175/6/3927 Downloaded from References This article cites 51 articles, 24 of which you can access for free at: http://www.jimmunol.org/content/175/6/3927.full#ref-list-1 http://www.jimmunol.org/ Why The JI? Submit online. • Rapid Reviews! 30 days* from submission to initial decision • No Triage! Every submission reviewed by practicing scientists • Fast Publication! 4 weeks from acceptance to publication by guest on September 29, 2021 *average Subscription Information about subscribing to The Journal of Immunology is online at: http://jimmunol.org/subscription Permissions Submit copyright permission requests at: http://www.aai.org/About/Publications/JI/copyright.html Email Alerts Receive free email-alerts when new articles cite this article. Sign up at: http://jimmunol.org/alerts The Journal of Immunology is published twice each month by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc., 1451 Rockville Pike, Suite 650, Rockville, MD 20852 Copyright © 2005 by The American Association of Immunologists All rights reserved. Print ISSN: 0022-1767 Online ISSN: 1550-6606. The Journal of Immunology TLRs 2 and 4 Are Not Involved in Hypersusceptibility to Acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infections1 Reuben Ramphal,* Viviane Balloy,† Michel Huerre,‡ Mustapha Si-Tahar,† and Michel Chignard2† TLRs are implicated in defense against microorganisms. Animal models have demonstrated that the susceptibility to a number of Gram-negative pathogens is linked to TLR4, and thus LPS of many Gram-negative bacteria have been implicated as virulence factors. -
Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences
ISSN: 0975-8585 Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences A contribution on Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Magdy, I.Hanna1 , Maha A. El-Hady2, Hanaa A. Ahmed 3, Saher A.Elmeadawy 4 and Amany M. Kenwy5 1Department of fish diseases and management, faculty of Vet. Med., Cairo University. 2epartment of fish diseases, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki , Giza. 3Department of Biotechnology, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki , Giza. 4Department of Biochemistry, Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki , Giza. 5Department of Hydrobiology, National Research Institute, Dokki , Giza. ABSTRACT In this study, samples from cultured Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and African catfish(Clarias gariepinus) fishes were collected from Kafr el-Sheikh, Menofya, Behira and Sharkia Governorates in Egypt for detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Isolation and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was done by traditional methods then confirmed using regular PCR technique. Pseudomonas aeruginosa gave 956 bp product size specific for 16S rDNA. The experimental inoculation of Clarias gariepinus with Pseudomonas aeruginosa was fully demonstrated. The most common clinical signs were external haemorrhage and ulcer with mortality rate 40%. Histopathological changes revealed degeneration and necrosis in all internal organs associated with hyperplesia in the wall of the blood vessels. Chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and melanomacrophage cells were detected in all fish tissues. The effect on some oxidative stress and immunological parameters of experimentally inoculated Clarias gariepinus with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were studied. Results revealed that there were significant increase in lipid peroxidation product (malondialdehyde) , hypoprotineamia, hypoalbuniaemia and hypoglobulinaemia. In-vitro sensitivity test of isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa iitalosi to different chemotherapeutic agents was conducted. -
Canine Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Associated with Necrotizing Fasciitis: an Overview
Vet. World, 2012, Vol.5(5):311-319 REVIEW Canine Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome associated with Necrotizing Fasciitis: An Overview Barkha Sharma*1 , Mukesh Kumar Srivastava2 , Ashish Srivastava2 and Rashmi Singh1 1.Department of Epidemiology and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, 2.Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pandit deen Dayal Upadhyay Pashuchikitsa Vigyan Vishwavidyalaya Evam Go Anusandhan Sansthan (DUVASU) Mathura, UP, 281001, India * Corresponding author email: [email protected] Received: 18-09-2011, Accepted: 23-10-2011, Published Online: 21-01-2012 doi: 10.5455/vetworld.2012.311-319 Abstract Canine Toxic Shock Syndrome (CSTSS) is a serious often fatal disease syndrome seen in dogs caused as a result of an infection caused by gram positive cocci of the family Streptococci. The main bacterium involved in the etiology of Canine Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome is Streptoccoccus canis, which was discovered by Deveriese in 1986 and implicated as a cause of this disease syndrome in 1996 by Miller and Prescott. The clinical findings in this syndrome are very much similar to those seen in the infamous 'Toxic Shock 'caused by staphylococcal toxins in humans, especially females. Like in humans, the reason for emergence/reemergence of Canine Streptococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome (CSTSS) is unclear and very little is known about its transmission and prevention. The disease is characterized by multi systemic organ failure and a shock like condition in seemingly healthy dog often following an injury. In absence of proper and prompt diagnosis and subsequent treatment by injectable antibiotics and aggressive shock therapy, dog often succumbs to the disease within a few hours. The dog may have some rigidity and muscle spasms or convulsions and a deep unproductive cough followed by haemorrhage from nasal and mouth along with melena. -
Streptococcaceae
STREPTOCOCCACEAE Instructor Dr. Maytham Ihsan Ph.D Vet Microbiology 1 STREPTOCOCCACEAE Genus: Streptococcus and Enterocccus Streptococcus and Enterocccus genera, are Gram‐positive ovoid (lanceolate) cocci, approximately 1 μm in diameter, that tend to occur in singles, pairs & chains (rosary‐like) may be long or short. Streptococcus species occur as commensals on skin, upper & lower respiratory tract and mucous membranes; some may act as opportunistic pathogens causing pyogenic infections. Enteroccci spp. are enteric opportunistic & can be found in the intestinal tract of many animlas & humans. Growth & Culture Characteristics • Most streptococci are facultative anaerobes and catalase‐negative. • They are non‐motile and oxidase‐negative and do not form spores & susceptible to desiccation. • They are fastidious bacteria and require the addition of blood or serum to culture media. They grow at temperature ranging from 37°C to 42°C. Group D (Enterocooci), are considered thermophilic & can gorw at 45°C or even higher. • Colonies are small about 1 mm in size, smooth, translucent & may be greyish. • Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus or diplococcus) occurs as slightly pear‐shaped cocci in pairs. Pathogenic strains have thick capsules and produce mucoid colonies or flat colonies with smooth borders & a central concavity “draughtsman colonies” aer 48‐72 hrs on blood agar. These bacteria cause pneumonia in humans and rats. 2 • Some of streptococci grow on MacConkey like: Enterococcus faecalis, Strept. bovis, Sterpt. uberis & strept. lactis producing very tiny colonies like pin‐point appearance aer 48 hrs of incubaon at 37°C. • Streptococci genera grow slowly in broth media, sometimes forming faint opacity; whereas others with a fluffy deposit adherent to the side of the tube. -
1 Title: Transmissible Strains of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Cystic
ERJ Express. Published on February 9, 2012 as doi: 10.1183/09031936.00204411 Title: Transmissible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis lung infections Authors: Joanne L. Fothergill1,2, Martin J. Walshaw3 and Craig Winstanley1,2 1Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, UK. 2NIHR Biomedical Research Centre in Microbial Diseases, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool L69 3GA, UK. 3Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK. Corresponding Author: Prof. Craig Winstanley Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Infection and Global Health University of Liverpool Apex Building West Derby St Liverpool L69 7BE Email: [email protected] 1 Copyright 2012 by the European Respiratory Society. Abstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic lung infections are the major cause of morbidity and mortality associated with cystic fibrosis (CF). For many years, the consensus was that CF patients acquire P. aeruginosa from the environment, and hence harbour their own individual clones. However, in the last 15 years the emergence of transmissible strains, in some cases associated with greater morbidity and increased antimicrobial resistance, has changed the way that many clinics treat their patients. Here we provide a summary of reported transmissible strains in the United Kingdom, other parts of Europe, Australia and North America. In particular, we discuss the prevalence, epidemiology, unusual genotypic and phenotypic features and virulence of the most intensively studied transmissible strain, the Liverpool Epidemic Strain. We also discuss the clinical impact of transmissible strains, in particular the diagnostic and infection control approaches adopted to counter their spread. Genomic analysis carried out so far has provided little evidence that transmissibility is due to shared genetic characteristics between different strains. -
Pseudomonas Skin Infection Clinical Features, Epidemiology, and Management
Am J Clin Dermatol 2011; 12 (3): 157-169 THERAPY IN PRACTICE 1175-0561/11/0003-0157/$49.95/0 ª 2011 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved. Pseudomonas Skin Infection Clinical Features, Epidemiology, and Management Douglas C. Wu,1 Wilson W. Chan,2 Andrei I. Metelitsa,1 Loretta Fiorillo1 and Andrew N. Lin1 1 Division of Dermatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada 2 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Microbiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Contents Abstract........................................................................................................... 158 1. Introduction . 158 1.1 Microbiology . 158 1.2 Pathogenesis . 158 1.3 Epidemiology: The Rise of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ............................................................. 158 2. Cutaneous Manifestations of P. aeruginosa Infection. 159 2.1 Primary P. aeruginosa Infections of the Skin . 159 2.1.1 Green Nail Syndrome. 159 2.1.2 Interdigital Infections . 159 2.1.3 Folliculitis . 159 2.1.4 Infections of the Ear . 160 2.2 P. aeruginosa Bacteremia . 160 2.2.1 Subcutaneous Nodules as a Sign of P. aeruginosa Bacteremia . 161 2.2.2 Ecthyma Gangrenosum . 161 2.2.3 Severe Skin and Soft Tissue Infection (SSTI): Gangrenous Cellulitis and Necrotizing Fasciitis. 161 2.2.4 Burn Wounds . 162 2.2.5 AIDS................................................................................................. 162 2.3 Other Cutaneous Manifestations . 162 3. Antimicrobial Therapy: General Principles . 163 3.1 The Development of Antibacterial Resistance . 163 3.2 Anti-Pseudomonal Agents . 163 3.3 Monotherapy versus Combination Therapy . 164 4. Antimicrobial Therapy: Specific Syndromes . 164 4.1 Primary P. aeruginosa Infections of the Skin . 164 4.1.1 Green Nail Syndrome. 164 4.1.2 Interdigital Infections . 165 4.1.3 Folliculitis . -
Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Supplemented Medical-Grade Honey Against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Eradication
antibiotics Article Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Supplemented Medical-Grade Honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Formation and Eradication Carlos C. F. Pleeging 1,2,3, Tom Coenye 4 , Dimitris Mossialos 5 , Hilde de Rooster 1, Daniela Chrysostomou 6, Frank A. D. T. G. Wagener 2 and Niels A. J. Cremers 7,* 1 Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] (C.C.F.P.); [email protected] (H.d.R.) 2 Department of Dentistry, Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands; [email protected] 3 Dierenkliniek Parkstad, Bautscherweg 56, 6418EM Heerlen, The Netherlands 4 Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; [email protected] 5 Microbial Biotechnology-Molecular Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis-Mezurlo, 41500 Larissa, Greece; [email protected] 6 Wound Clinic Health@45, Linksfield Road 45, Dowerglen, Johannesburg 1612, South Africa; [email protected] 7 Triticum Exploitatie BV, Sleperweg 44, 6222NK Maastricht, The Netherlands * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +31-43-325-1773 Received: 18 November 2020; Accepted: 2 December 2020; Published: 4 December 2020 Abstract: Biofilms hinder wound healing. Medical-grade honey (MGH) is a promising therapy because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and the lack of risk for resistance. This study investigated the inhibitory and eradicative activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by different established MGH-based wound care formulations. Six different natural wound care products (Medihoney, Revamil, Mebo, Melladerm, L-Mesitran Ointment, and L-Mesitran Soft) were tested in vitro. -
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 8(08), 691-694
ISSN: 2320-5407 Int. J. Adv. Res. 8(08), 691-694 Journal Homepage: - www.journalijar.com Article DOI: 10.21474/IJAR01/11544 DOI URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/11544 RESEARCH ARTICLE UNILATERAL AXILLARY LYMPHADENITIS CAUSED BY PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA- A RARE CASE REPORT Dr. Sibabrata Bhattacharya1, Dr. Ankan Chakrabarti2 and Dr. Tapan Majumdar3 1. Associate Professor, Department of Microbiology, Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, Tripura, India. 2. Post Graduate Trainee (3rd Year), Department of Microbiology, Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, Tripura, India. 3. Professor & HOD, Department of Microbiology, Agartala Government Medical College, Agartala, Tripura, India. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Manuscript Info Abstract ……………………. ……………………………………………………………… Manuscript History Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been reported as the causative organism Received: 20 June 2020 of a wide spectrum of infections ranging from wound infections to fatal Final Accepted: 24 July 2020 Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP), mainly in nosocomial and Published: August 2020 ICU setup. Patients usually have a known history of immunocompromised state, including burn patients and patients with Key words:- Pseudomonas Aeruginosa, Diabetes Mellitus. The recent advent of Carbapenem Resistant Lymphadenitis, Axillary Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) has presented with a unique Lymphadenopathy diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Very few literatures exist regarding Pseudomonal infections manifesting as axillary lymphadenitis. Here, a case of unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy in an apparent immunocompetent host is reported from a tertiary care hospital in North Eastern India. Copy Right, IJAR, 2020,. All rights reserved. …………………………………………………………………………………………………….... Introduction:- Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a gram negative, aerobic bacillus, isubiquitous in nature and is usually implicated in a wide spectrum of serious infections in immunocompromised patients, burn patients, recent surgery, hospital admission, and bodywounds.[1]. -
Diverse Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Gene Products Stimulate Respiratory Epithelial Cells to Produce Interleukin-8
Diverse Pseudomonas aeruginosa gene products stimulate respiratory epithelial cells to produce interleukin-8. E DiMango, … , R Bryan, A Prince J Clin Invest. 1995;96(5):2204-2210. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI118275. Research Article Respiratory epithelial cells play a crucial role in the inflammatory response during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. In this study, we determined whether the binding of specific Pseudomonas gene products (pilin, flagellin) to their receptors on respiratory epithelial cells would result in production of the neutrophil chemoattractant IL-8. Piliated wild-type organisms, purified pili, or antibody to the pilin receptor (asialoGM1) evoked significant production of IL-8 by immortalized airway epithelial cells, whereas nonpiliated organisms were less able to bind to respiratory epithelial cells and stimulated much less IL-8 secretion (P < 0.01). A piliated, nonflagellated strain was also associated with decreased binding and a diminished level of IL-8 production when compared to wild-type organisms. Isogenic, nonadherent rpoN mutants, lacking pilin and flagellin, did not bind or elicit an IL-8 response. In addition, the IL-8 response was four-fold higher in a cystic fibrosis cell line compared with its corrected cell line. The Pseudomonas autoinducer, an exoproduct secreted during chronic infection, was found to stimulate IL-8 in a dose-dependent manner. P. aeruginosa adhesins, which are necessary for initial infection, directly stimulate IL-8 production by respiratory epithelial cells and therefore play a major role in the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas infection in patients with cystic fibrosis. The inflammatory response is subsequently perpetuated by Pseudomonas autoinducer which is secreted during […] Find the latest version: https://jci.me/118275/pdf Diverse Pseudomonas aeruginosa Gene Products Stimulate Respiratory Epithelial Cells to Produce Interleukin-8 Emily DiMango, Heather J. -
Suppl Table 2
Table S2. Large subunit rRNA gene sequences of Bacteria and Eukarya from V5. ["n" indicates information not specified in the NCBI GenBank database.] Accession number Q length Q start Q end e-value %-ident %-sim GI number Domain Phylum Family Genus / Species JQ997197 529 30 519 3E-165 89% 89% 48728139 Bacteria Actinobacteria Frankiaceae uncultured Frankia sp. JQ997198 732 17 128 2E-35 93% 93% 48728167 Bacteria Actinobacteria Frankiaceae uncultured Frankia sp. JQ997196 521 26 506 4E-95 81% 81% 48728178 Bacteria Actinobacteria Frankiaceae uncultured Frankia sp. JQ997274 369 8 54 4E-14 100% 100% 289551862 Bacteria Actinobacteria Mycobacteriaceae Mycobacterium abscessus JQ999637 486 5 321 7E-62 82% 82% 269314044 Bacteria Actinobacteria Mycobacteriaceae Mycobacterium immunoGenum JQ999638 554 17 509 0 92% 92% 44368 Bacteria Actinobacteria Mycobacteriaceae Mycobacterium kansasii JQ999639 552 18 455 0 93% 93% 196174916 Bacteria Actinobacteria Mycobacteriaceae Mycobacterium sHottsii JQ997284 598 5 598 0 90% 90% 2414571 Bacteria Actinobacteria Propionibacteriaceae Propionibacterium freudenreicHii JQ999640 567 14 560 8E-152 85% 85% 6714990 Bacteria Actinobacteria THermomonosporaceae Actinoallomurus spadix JQ997287 501 8 306 4E-119 93% 93% 5901576 Bacteria Actinobacteria THermomonosporaceae THermomonospora cHromoGena JQ999641 332 26 295 8E-115 95% 95% 291045144 Bacteria Actinobacteria Bifidobacteriaceae Bifidobacterium bifidum JQ999642 349 19 255 5E-82 90% 90% 30313593 Bacteria Bacteroidetes Bacteroidaceae Bacteroides caccae JQ997308 588 20 582 0 90% -
Streptococcosis Humans and Animals
Zoonotic Importance Members of the genus Streptococcus cause mild to severe bacterial illnesses in Streptococcosis humans and animals. These organisms typically colonize one or more species as commensals, and can cause opportunistic infections in those hosts. However, they are not completely host-specific, and some animal-associated streptococci can be found occasionally in humans. Many zoonotic cases are sporadic, but organisms such as S. Last Updated: September 2020 equi subsp. zooepidemicus or a fish-associated strain of S. agalactiae have caused outbreaks, and S. suis, which is normally carried in pigs, has emerged as a significant agent of streptoccoccal meningitis, septicemia, toxic shock-like syndrome and other human illnesses, especially in parts of Asia. Streptococci with human reservoirs, such as S. pyogenes or S. pneumoniae, can likewise be transmitted occasionally to animals. These reverse zoonoses may cause human illness if an infected animal, such as a cow with an udder colonized by S. pyogenes, transmits the organism back to people. Occasionally, their presence in an animal may interfere with control efforts directed at humans. For instance, recurrent streptococcal pharyngitis in one family was cured only when the family dog, which was also colonized asymptomatically with S. pyogenes, was treated concurrently with all family members. Etiology There are several dozen recognized species in the genus Streptococcus, Gram positive cocci in the family Streptococcaceae. Almost all species of mammals and birds, as well as many poikilotherms, carry one or more species as commensals on skin or mucosa. These organisms can act as facultative pathogens, often in the carrier. Nomenclature and identification of streptococci Hemolytic reactions on blood agar and Lancefield groups are useful in distinguishing members of the genus Streptococcus.