DOCSLIB.ORG

Azinphos-Methyl UNITED NATIONS United Nations Environment

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Azinphos-Methyl UNITED NATIONS United Nations Environment UNITED NATIONS RC UNEP/FAO/RC/CRC.5/4/Add.2 Distr.: General 2 December 2008 United Nations English only Environment Programme Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade Chemical Review Committee Fifth meeting Rome, 23–27 March 2009 Item 4 (b) (i) of the provisional agenda* Listing of chemicals in Annex III to the Rotterdam Convention: review of notifications of final regulatory actions to ban or severely restrict a chemical: azinphos-methyl Azinphos-methyl Note by the Secretariat Addendum Supporting documentation provided by Thailand The Secretariat has the honour to provide, in the annex to the present note, documentation received from Thailand to support its notification of final regulatory action on azinphos-methyl as a pesticide. * UNEP/FAO/RC/CRC.5/1. K0842841 161208 For reasons of economy, this document is printed in a limited number. Delegates are kindly requested to bring their copies to meetings and not to request additional copies. UNEP/FAO/RC/CRC.5/4/Add.2 Annex 1. Information on steps taken to ban or restrict pesticides by the Sub-Committee for consideration of pesticide registration has agreed to the criteria for banning pesticide; 2. Minute of the 108-12/2540 Meeting of Sub-Committee for Consideration on Pesticide Registration Pesticide (Monday, 17 November 1997) 3. List of Hazardous Substances, B.E. 2546 -2003 (Notification of Ministry of Industry, Volume 117 Special section 61 Ng, Royal Gazette, 23 June 2000) 4. List of Hazardous Substances B.E. 2538 (list A annexed to Notification of Ministry of Industry); 5. Manual Thirteenth Edition – azinphos-methyl; 6. Extension Toxicology Network – Pesticide Information Profile-Azinphos-methyl; 7. INCHEM (IPCS) – Azinphos-methyl; 8. WHO-Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard. 2 Steps taken to ban or restrict pesticides The Sub-Committee for consideration of pesticide registration has agreed to the criteria for banning pesticide as follows:- (1) Having chronic toxicity to human and animals such as carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, mutagenicity, adverse effect on reproduction and development, etc. (2) Having high acute toxicity (3) Residues often found on crops which might affect human health (4) Bioaccumulation and transferable through food chain (5) Persistent in the environment (6) Toxic to beneficial insects, fish, aquatic organisms, etc. (7) Having toxic impurity(s), i.e. DDT, DDT related compounds, dioxin, etc. (8) Have been banned in developed countries (9) Existent of other safer pesticide or technology for alternative(s) The Sub-Committee appointed the Working Group for Pesticide Surveillance to observe pesticides registered for use. The WG assesses the pesticides every 3 years. To gather information, the WG invited importers/producers to provide information required for assessment. In case the WG concludes that risk is greater than benefit, such a pesticide will be proposed to the Sub-Committee for pesticide registration for approval and then DOA will propose to the Hazardous Substances Committee to ban or restrict. The information to be submitted are as follows:- (1) Common name of pesticide (2) Kind(s) of crop and pest(s) to be used (3) Import data of the past 3 years (4) Kind(s) of alternatives and cost per specific area (Rai) (5) Toxicity of the pesticide and alternative(s) (6) Effects on health or environment (7) Information on residue(s) (8) Information on exposure (9) Developed countries control action (10) Other information i.e. is it a chemical under any international convention. The Hazardous Substances Committee makes decision to ban or restrict a pesticide. The banned or severely restricted pesticide will appear in the Notification of Ministry of Industry entitled List of Hazardous Substances as type 4 hazardous substances. Banning or severely restricting is effective since one day after published in the royal gazette. Minute of the 108-12/2540 meeting of Sub-Committee for Consideration on Pesticide Registration Monday, 17 November 1997. ---------- Attendants 1. Mr. Ananta Dalodom Director-General, DOA chairman 2. Mr. Chuvit Sukprakarn Director, Entomology &Zoology Division, DOA 3. Mr. Preecha Surin Representative of Director, Plant Pathology & Microbiology Division, DOA 4. Mr. Vichien Petchpisit Director, Botany & Weed Science Division, DOA 5. Mrs. Nuansri Tayaputch Director, Agricultural Toxic Substances Division, DOA 6. Ms. Pitsamai Chavalitvongporn Representative of Director, Horticulture Research Institute, DOA 7. Mrs. Jiraporn Sripalakit Scientist 8, Acting Senior Expert on Toxic Substances, DOA 8. Mrs. Mukda Uttarapong Representative of Department of Fisheries 9. Mrs. Rampa Intararaksa Representative of Department of Livestock Development 10. Mr. Kwanchai Sombatsiri Representative of Kasetsart University 11. Mr. Sangob Na Lampoon Chief, Licensing Branch, Pesticide Regulatory Sub-Division, Agricultural Regulation Division, DOA 12. Mr. Chamlong Chettanachitra Director, Agricultural Regulation Secretary Division, DOA 13. Mr. Preecha Bhudhipreechapong Chief, Agricultural Inspection Assist. Secretary Sub-Division, Agricultural Regulation Division, DOA 14. Mr. Sukhum Wong-ek Chief, Registration Branch, Assist. Secretary Acting Chief, Pesticide Regulatory Sub-Division, Agricultural Regulation Division, DOA Sub-Committee member engaged in other official matters, absentees 1. Deputy Director-General (Mr. Ocha Prachuabmoh) 2. Chief, Legal Affairs Sub-Division Other Attendants 1. Mr. Saran Wattanatada Pesticide Regulatory Sub-Division, Agricultural Regulation Division, DOA 2. Ms. Kobkul Wipawasu Pesticide Regulatory Sub-Division, Agricultural Regulation Division, DOA 3. Ms. Arunsri Uivirat Pesticide Regulatory Sub-Division, Agricultural Regulation Division, DOA Outcome of the meeting was summarized as follows;- Item 1 Matters that chairman informed the meeting 1. For Sub-Committee meeting, in case chairman engaged in other official matter, Deputy Director-General (Mr. Ocha Prachuabmoh) would act as chairman. 2. Sub-Committee member should, fully make comments and present technical information to the Sub-Committee for consideration and make the right decision. Item 2 Adoption of Minute of the 107-11/2540 meeting The Sub-Committee amended the minute as follows; Page 7, item 5.35 amended to read “thiram 80% WP, produced by UCB, Belgium” Page 9, item 8.3 amended to read “Mr. Kwanchai Sombatsisi informed that vegetable growers in Bangbuathong and Sai Noi Districts applied insecticide contain in the bottle without label and some bottle had label but was not registered. Agricultural Inspector should go to inspect and prosecute.” Resolution After amended, the minute was adopted. Item 3 Matter arising from the previous meeting 3.1 Pesticides which may considered to be banned (Technical Product which Acute Oral LD 50 from 30 mg/kg and below) At the previous meeting, the Sub-committee assigned the secretary to find out all pesticides which technical grade material posed acute oral LD 50 from 30 mg/kg and below then separated into pesticides which had never been imported into Thailand or had been imported long time ago but not in the past 3 years in one group and pesticides in use currently in the other group, as follows; Group 1 Pesticides which had never been imported into Thailand or had been imported long time ago but not in the past 3 years. There are 30 pesticides, comprised of aldoxycarb, azinphos methyl, calcium arsenate, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorthiophos, coumaphos, cycloheximide, demephion-O and S, dimefox, dinoterb, dioxathion, disulfoton, DNOC, fenamiphos, fensulfothion, fonofos, isofenphos, mephospholan, paris green, phorate, phospfolan, prothioate, schradan, sulfotep, tefluthrin, terbufos, thiofanox, thionazin and triamiphos Group 2 Pesticides in use and sale currently. There are 16 pesticides, comprised of aldicarb, azinphos ethyl, blasticidin-S, carbofuran, dicrotophos, EPN, ethoprophos, formetanate, methamidophos, methidathion, methomyl, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxamyl, parathion methyl and phosphamidon. Resolution 1. Approved to propose to the Hazardous Substances Committee to classify pesticides in Group 1 as type 4 hazardous Substances. The secretary should proceed and follow steps for issuing the Notification. Page 1 Volume 117 Special section 61 Ng Royal Gazette 23 June 2000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notification of Ministry of Industry Entitled List of Hazardous Substances B.E. 2546 (2003) As it is appropriate to amend Notification of Ministry of Industry entitled List of Hazardous Substances B.E. 2538 (1995) dated 17 February 2538, by virtue of provision in Article 5 para.2 and Article 18 para.2 of the Hazardous Substances Act B.E. 2535 (1992) which contains some provisions regarding limitation rights and freedom of human and Article 29 appurtenant with Article 31 and Article 50 of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Thailand allowed to do so basing on power according to provisions of law, the Minister of Industry, with the approval of the Hazardous Substance Committee, made the announcement as followed. Item 1 Repeal names of hazardous substance on the list annexed to Notification of Ministry of Industry entitled List of Hazardous Substances B.E. 2538 (1995) dated 17 February 2538 which are the hazardous substances under responsibility of the Department of Agriculture, comprised of 10 pesticides
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Adverse Effects of Organophosphorus Pesticides on the Liver: a Brief Summary of Four Decades of Research
    Karami-Mohajeri S, et al. Adverse effects of OPs on the liver: a brief research summary Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2017;68:261-275 261 Review DOI: 10.1515/aiht-2017-68-2989 Adverse effects of organophosphorus pesticides on the liver: a brief summary of four decades of research Somayyeh Karami-Mohajeri1,2, Ahmad Ahmadipour2, Hamid-Reza Rahimi1,2, and Mohammad Abdollahi3,4 Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology1, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy2, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center3, Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology4, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran [Received in May 2017; Similarity Check in May 2017; Accepted in December 2017] Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are widely used volatile pesticides that have harmful effects on the liver in acute and chronic exposures. This review article summarises and discusses a wide collection of studies published over the last 40 years reporting on the effects of OPs on the liver, in an attempt to propose general mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and possible treatment. Several key biological processes have been reported as involved in OP-induced hepatotoxicity such as disturbances in the antioxidant defence system, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and mitochondrial and microsomal metabolism. Most studies show that antioxidants can attenuate oxidative stress and the consequent changes in liver function. However, few studies have examined the relationship between OP structures and the severity and mechanism of their action. We hope that future in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials will answer the remaining questions about the mechanisms of OP hepatotoxicity and its management.
    [Show full text]
  • "U/^ ((*.U \ BIBLIOTHEEK STARINGGEBOUW Volatilization of Tri-Allate, Ethoprophos and Parathion Measured with Four Methods After Spraying on a Sandy Soil
    "u/^ ((*.u \ BIBLIOTHEEK STARINGGEBOUW Volatilization of tri-allate, ethoprophos and parathion measured with four methods after spraying on a sandy soil G. Bor F. van den Berg J.H. Smelt R.A. Smidt A.E. van de Peppel-Groen M. Leistra Report 104 DLO Winand Staring Centre, Wageningen (The Netherlands), 1995 1 h FEB. 1998 0000' ABSTRACT Bor, G., F. van den Berg, J.H. Smelt, R.A. Smidt, A.E. van de Peppel-Groen, M. Leistra, 1995. Volatilization of tri-allate, ethoprophos and parathion measured withfour methods after spraying on a sandy soil. Wageningen (The Netherlands), DLO Winand Staring Centre. Report 104. 62 pp.; 9 Figs; 6 Tables; 14 Refs; 3 Annex. At about eleven times after application of tri-allate, ethoprophos and parathion to a sandy soil, their rates of volatilization were determined with the aerodynamic method (AD),th e Bowen-ratio method (BR), the theoretical-profile method (TP) and the Box method (B). The volatilization was highest for tri-allate and lowest for parathion. On the first day after application, the volatilization rate decreased sharply,bu tthereafte r the decreasewa smor egradual .Th edifference s involatilizatio n rate asdetermine d withth eAD ,B R andT Pmethod s werecomparativel y small.Th erate sdetermine d with the Box method were mostly lower than those determined with the other methods. Keywords: aerodynamic method, air quality, air sampling, Bowen ratio method, Box method, field experiment, gas chromatography, pesticide, polystyrene, theoretical-profile method, XAD ISSN 0927-4537 ©1995 DLO Winand Staring Centre for Integrated Land, Soil and Water Research (SC-DLO) P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Monocrotophos Proposed AEGL Document
    MONOCROTOPHOS Page 1 of 32 Proposed 10/2009 v.1 1 2 3 4 ACUTE EXPOSURE GUIDELINE LEVELS 5 (AEGLs) 6 7 8 PROPOSED 9 10 11 12 13 MONOCROTOPHOS 14 (CAS Reg. No. 6923-22-4) 15 16 17 18 19 20 MONOCROTOPHOS Page 2 of 32 Proposed 10/2009 v.1 1 2 PREFACE 3 4 Under the authority of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA) P. L. 92-463 of 5 1972, the National Advisory Committee for Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous 6 Substances (NAC/AEGL Committee) has been established to identify, review and interpret 7 relevant toxicologic and other scientific data and develop AEGLs for high priority, acutely toxic 8 chemicals. 9 10 AEGLs represent threshold exposure limits for the general public and are applicable to 11 emergency exposure periods ranging from 10 minutes to 8 hours. Three levels C AEGL-1, 12 AEGL-2 and AEGL-3 C are developed for each of five exposure periods (10 and 30 minutes, 1 13 hour, 4 hours, and 8 hours) and are distinguished by varying degree of severity of toxic effects. 14 The three AEGLs are defined as follows: 15 16 AEGL-1 is the airborne concentration (expressed as parts per million or milligrams per 17 cubic meter [ppm or mg/m3]) of a substance above which it is predicted that the general 18 population, including susceptible individuals, could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or 19 certain asymptomatic, non-sensory effects. However, the effects are not disabling and are 20 transient and reversible upon cessation of exposure.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2010/128115 Al
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 11 November 2010 (11.11.2010) WO 2010/128115 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every C12N 9/16 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (21) International Application Number: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, PCT/EP20 10/056204 DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (22) International Filing Date: HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, 6 May 2010 (06.05.2010) KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (25) Filing Language: English NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, (26) Publication Language: English SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (30) Priority Data: 09159520.7 6 May 2009 (06.05.2009) EP (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, NOVOZYMES A/S [DK/DK]; Krogshoejvej 36, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, DK-2880 Bagsvaerd (DK).
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Chlorpyrifos Oxon on M2 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Trafficking”
    EFFECT OF CHLORPYRIFOS OXON ON M2 MUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR REGULATION BY ELMAR MABUNGA UDARBE Doctor of Veterinary Medicine University of the Philippines Los Baños College, Laguna, Philippines 1999 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE July, 2004 EFFECT OF CHLORPYRIFOS OXON ON M2 MUSCARINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR REGULATION Thesis Approved: DR. CAREY N. POPE Thesis Advisor DR. CYRIL C. CLARKE DR. CHARLOTTE C. OWNBY DR. DORIS K. PATNEAU DR. AL CARLOZI Dean of Graduate College ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My sincerest gratitude goes to my major advisor, Dr. Carey N. Pope for the intelligent supervision, for providing inspiration to do this work. I am also thankful to my committee members, Dr. Cyril Clarke, Dr. Charlotte Ownby and Dr. Doris Patneau for helpful comments on the content and form of this manuscript. I am indebted to the Fulbright-Philippine Agriculture Scholarship Program (FPASP) and the Philippine American Education Foundation (PAEF) whose exchange program deepened my understanding of the U.S. culture and its people and allowed me to promote mutual understanding between the U.S. and the Philippines. I am grateful to the University of the Philippines in Mindanao (UPMINDANAO) for supporting my pursuit for graduate studies, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), Oklahoma State University Board of Regents and Dr. Sidney Ewing, Wendell H. and Nellie G. Krull Endowed professor for the financial assistance. I am also thankful to the following: Ms. Sharon Baker for doing the preliminary work on the project; Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloads/Pgm Hydrus1d/HYDRUS-4.16.Pdf (Accessed on 20 April 2019)
    water Article Assessment of the Environmental Risk of Pesticides Leaching at the Watershed Scale under Arid Climatic Conditions and Low Recharge Rates Hesham M. Ibrahim 1,2,* and Ali M. Al-Turki 1 1 Department of Soil Science, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; [email protected] 2 Department of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +966-501728656 Received: 5 January 2020; Accepted: 2 February 2020; Published: 5 February 2020 Abstract: The assessment of the vulnerability of soil and groundwater resources to pesticide contamination is important to reduce the risk of environmental pollution. The applicability of the expanded attenuation factor (EAF) to assess leaching potential of 30 pesticides was investigated under 1 four recharge rates (0.0003–0.002 m d− ) in the arid environment of the Jazan watershed. EAF results revealed that Picloram, Carbofuran, Monocrotophos, and 2,4-D pesticides showed high leaching potential, mainly because of their low KOC, and relatively longer t1/2. In addition, medium leaching potential was observed with six more pesticides (Atrazine, Aldicarb, Simazine, Methomyl, Oxamyl, and Lindane). Regardless of the recharge rate, all other pesticides showed a very low leaching potential in the Jazan watershed. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the output of the EAF index is most sensitive to the fraction of organic carbon ( foc), water content at field capacity (θFC ), recharge rate (q), and partition coefficient (KOC), and least sensitive to soil bulk density (ρb) and air-filled porosity (na).
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Properties of Chemicals Volume 2
    1 t ENVIRONMENTAL 1 PROTECTION Esa Nikunen . Riitta Leinonen Birgit Kemiläinen • Arto Kultamaa Environmental properties of chemicals Volume 2 1 O O O O O O O O OO O OOOOOO Ol OIOOO FINNISH ENVIRONMENT INSTITUTE • EDITA Esa Nikunen e Riitta Leinonen Birgit Kemiläinen • Arto Kultamaa Environmental properties of chemicals Volume 2 HELSINKI 1000 OlO 00000001 00000000000000000 Th/s is a second revfsed version of Environmental Properties of Chemica/s, published by VAPK-Pub/ishing and Ministry of Environment, Environmental Protection Department as Research Report 91, 1990. The pubiication is also available as a CD ROM version: EnviChem 2.0, a PC database runniny under Windows operating systems. ISBN 951-7-2967-2 (publisher) ISBN 952-7 1-0670-0 (co-publisher) ISSN 1238-8602 Layout: Pikseri Julkaisupalvelut Cover illustration: Jussi Hirvi Edita Ltd. Helsinki 2000 Environmental properties of chemicals Volume 2 _____ _____________________________________________________ Contents . VOLUME ONE 1 Contents of the report 2 Environmental properties of chemicals 3 Abbreviations and explanations 7 3.1 Ways of exposure 7 3.2 Exposed species 7 3.3 Fffects________________________________ 7 3.4 Length of exposure 7 3.5 Odour thresholds 8 3.6 Toxicity endpoints 9 3.7 Other abbreviations 9 4 Listofexposedspecies 10 4.1 Mammais 10 4.2 Plants 13 4.3 Birds 14 4.4 Insects 17 4.5 Fishes 1$ 4.6 Mollusca 22 4.7 Crustaceans 23 4.8 Algae 24 4.9 Others 25 5 References 27 Index 1 List of chemicals in alphabetical order - 169 Index II List of chemicals in CAS-number order
    [Show full text]
  • Agents for Defense Against Chemical Warfare: Reactivators of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibited with Neurotoxic Organophosphorus Compounds **
    Mil. Med. Sci. Lett. (Voj. Zdrav. Listy) 2015, vol. 84(3), p. 115-127 ISSN 0372-7025 DOI: 10.31482/mmsl.2015.013 REVIEW ARTICLE AGENTS FOR DEFENSE AGAINST CHEMICAL WARFARE: REACTIVATORS OF ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITED WITH NEUROTOXIC ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS ** Petronilho, E. C., Figueroa-Villar, J. D. Chemistry Engineering Section, Medicinal Chemistry Group, Military Institute of Engineering, Praça General Tibúrcio, 80, Urca, 22290-270, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Received 30 th April 2015. Revised 7 th July 2015. Published 4 th September 2015. Summary The chemical warfare agents and neurotoxic agents are an important threat to people all over the world, and require special attention because they are highly dangerous. Most of these agents are neurotoxic organophosphorus compounds (OP), which inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE), which is responsible for controlling the transmission of nerve impulses. To be inhibited by these compounds, AChE can sometimes be reactivated using cationic oximes, which are the most used substances for this reactivation. Until today there have not been discovered agents for complete treatment of poisoning by all OPs. For this reason, the treatment of intoxicated people requires the determination of the absorbed OP, in order to select the appropriate activator, a process that usually requires long time and may cause death. Therefore, this study aims to do a review on the OPs used as chemical warfare agents and the process of inhibition and reactivation of AChE, especially to motivate the development of new agents for defense against chemical weapons, a process that is very important for protecting all humanity. Key words: acetylcholinesterase; AChE reactivators; organophosphorus; oximes; warfare agents INTRODUCTION pounds (OP), which are highly toxic, allowing their use with small quantities in order to cause seizures The use of chemical warfare agents is a major and death.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytotoxicity of Some Organophosphate Insecticides to Oughly with Air Dry, Sieved Soil, to Pro­ Duce Rates of 37.5, 75 and ISO Mg Aj
    Plant Protection Quarterly VoI.7(1} 1992 23 -------------------------------- ties of each pesticide were shaken thor­ Phytotoxicity of some organophosphate insecticides to oughly with air dry, sieved soil, to pro­ duce rates of 37.5, 75 and ISO mg aj. L-' onions and carrots during germination and emergence soil. Each pot constituted one plot. If it is assumed that in a field situation, P.J. Sinclair, New South Wales Agriculture, Horticultural Research and band-in-furrow treatment would treat a Advisory Station, Griffith, New South Wales 2680, Australia. strip 50 mm wide by 20 mm deep, the rates tested would correspond to 37.5, 75 R.J. Neeson and P.A. Williams, New South Wales Agriculture, Agricultural and 150 mg a.i. m" row, or 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 institute, Yanco, New South Wales 2703, Australia. kg a.i. ha" at a row spacing of 75 cm. The low and medium rates are then compara­ Summary ble to ra tes used in the field by Getzin The phytotoxicity of some commonly phytotoxicity from carbofuran applied to (1973), Thompson et al. (1981) and used insecticides to onions (Allium cepa) onions as a seed dressing. Chlorpyrifos is Goodyer et al. (1989) . and carrots (Daucus carota) during es­ generally non-phytotoxic at recom­ Daily counts of emerged seedlings were tablishment was assessed in pot trials. mended rates and methods of application, made at 7 to 18 days and at 21 days after Terbufos, ethoprophos, phoxirn and but some crops are especially sensitive to first watering. These data were used to de­ carbofuran (all 10% a.L granular fonnu­ it during the seedling stage or if the termine the total number of seedlings lations) and chlorpyrifos (25% a.i.
    [Show full text]
  • Organophosphate Poisoning : a Review
    120 Sinha and Sharma Med J Indones Organophosphate poisoning : A review Parmod K. Sinha, Ashok Sharma Abstrak Pestisida organofosfat digunakan secara luas di seluruh dunia. Keracunan oleh bahan ini merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat, terutama di negara berkembang. Zat neurotoksik organofosfat merupakan bahan yang dianggap mengancam dalam bidang militer dan terorisme. Mekanisme toksisitas bahan ini adalah dengan cara menghambat asetilkolinesterase yang mengakibatkan menumpuknya neurotransmitor asetilkolin dan terjadi rangsangan terus-menerus pada reseptor asetilkolin pada sistem saraf sentral maupun perifer. Selain krisis kolinergik, organofosfat dapat menimbulkan berbagai sindrom neurologis, baik akut maupun kronik. Sedangkan gejala peralihan ( intermediate) terjadi 1-4 hari setelah krisis kolinergik teratasi. Pengobatan standar terdiri dari reaktivasi asetilkolinesterase dengan antidot golongan oksim (prolidoksim, oksidoksime, HI-6 dan HLo7), dan pengendalian efek biokimia asetilkolin dengan menggunakan atropin. Golongan oksim yang baru HI-6 dan Hlo7 merupakan reaktivator asetilkolinesterase yang lebih cocok dan efektif untuk keracunan akut dan berat dibandingkan dengan prolidoksim dan obidoksim. Penderita yang mendapat pengobatan segera, biasanya dapat sembuh dari toksisitas akut, namun gejala neurologis ikutan dapat saja terjadi. (Med J Indones 2003; 12: 120-6) Abstract Organophosphate pesticides are used extensively worldwide, and poisoning by these agents, particularly in developing nations is a public health problem. Organophosphorous
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Vegetables Using Solid Phase Micro-Extraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography–flame Photometric Detector
    Arabian Journal of Chemistry (2015) xxx, xxx–xxx King Saud University Arabian Journal of Chemistry www.ksu.edu.sa www.sciencedirect.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Determination of organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetables using solid phase micro-extraction coupled with gas chromatography–flame photometric detector Haizarul Aida Sapahin, Ahmad Makahleh *, Bahruddin Saad * School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia Received 17 July 2014; accepted 9 December 2014 KEYWORDS Abstract An adequate and simple analytical method based on solid-phase microextraction Organophosphorus pesticide; (SPME) followed by gas chromatography–flame photometric detection (GC–FPD) for the determi- Direct immersed-solid phase nation of eleven organophosphorus pesticide residues (i.e., ethoprophos, sulfotep, diazinon, tolclo- microextraction; fos-methyl, fenitrothion, chlorpyrifos, isofenphos, methidathion, ethion, triazophos, leptophos) in Gas chromatography–flame vegetables samples (cabbage, kale and mustard) was developed. Important parameters that influ- photometric detector; ence the extraction efficiency (i.e., fibre type, extraction modes, extraction time, salt addition, Vegetables desorption time and temperature) were systematically investigated. Four types of commercially available fibres (i.e., 50/30 lm divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS), 65 lm polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), 100 lm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), and 85 lm polyacrylate (PA)) were evaluated. PA fibre exhibited the best performance and was used for the rest of the studies. The optimised extraction conditions were: extraction time, 30 min at room temperature; stirring speed, 1275 rpm; salt content, 10% NaCl; desorption time and temper- ature, 11 min at 260 °C; and no pH adjustment of the sample extract. The method was validated over the range 0.1–100 lg/L.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018 Treated Water Undetected Chemical Contaminant List
    2018 Treated Water Undetected Chemical Contaminant List ESTROGENS AND OTHER HORMONES Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Estrone 17alpha-Estradiol 17alpha-Ethynal estradiol 17beta-Estradiol Progesterone Estriol cis-Testosterone trans-Testosterone INORGANIC CHEMICALS Antimony Niobium Arsenic Osmium Beryllium Palladium Cadmium Platinum Cerium Praseodymium Cesium Rhenium Cobalt Rhodium Cyanide Ruthenium Dysprosium Samarium Erbium Selenium Europium Silver Gadolinium Tantalum Gallium Tellurium Germanium Thallium Gold Thorium Hafnium Thulium Holmium Tin Iridium Titanium Lanthanum Tungsten Lead Uranium Lutetium Vanadium Mercury Ytterbium Molybdenum Zinc Neodymium Zirconium Nickel NITROSAMINES N-Nitropyrrolidine (NPYR) N-Nitrosomorpholine (NMOR) N-Nitrosodi-N-butylamine (NDBA) N-Nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA) N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) N-Nitrosodi-N-propylamine (NDPA) N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) N-Nitrosomethylethylamine (NMEA) N-Nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) 1 ORGANIC CHEMICALS Acenaphthene Butylbenzylphthalate Acenaphthylene Butyraldehyde (Butanal) Acetaldehyde Carbaryl Acetochlor Carbofuran Acetone Carbon disulfide Acrylamide Carbophenothion Acrylonitrile Carbon tetrachloride Alachlor Carboxin Aldicarb (Temik) Chlordane Aldicarb sulfone Chlordane, alpha Aldicarb sulfoxide Chlordane, gamma Aldrin Chlorfenvinphos Allyl chloride Chloroacetonitrile Tert-Amyl Methyl ether Chlorobenzene Ametryn Chlorobenzilate Anilizine 2-Chlorobiphenyl Anthracene 1-Chlorobutane Aspon Chloroethane Atraton Chloromethane Atrazine Chloroneb Azinphos-ethyl Chloroprene Azinphos-methyl
    [Show full text]