September 2017'S Geoeffective Space Weather and Impacts to Caribbean
Space Weather RESEARCH ARTICLE September 2017’s Geoeffective Space Weather and Impacts 10.1029/2018SW001897 to Caribbean Radio Communications During Special Section: Hurricane Response Space Weather Events of 4-10 September 2017 R. J. Redmon1 , D. B. Seaton1,2 , R. Steenburgh3,J.He4 , and J. V. Rodriguez1,2 1National Centers for Environmental Information, NOAA, Boulder, CO, USA, 2Cooperative Institute for Research in Key Points: Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA, 3Space Weather Prediction Center, NOAA, • The September 2017 solar events 4 impacted high-frequency radio Boulder, CO, USA, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute Joint Program in links for ground and aviation Oceanography and Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, Cambridge, MA, USA communication • Radio communications used in hurricane emergency and disaster Abstract Between 4 and 10 September 2017, multiple solar eruptions occurred from active region relief management were affected, AR12673. NOAA’s and NASA’s well-instrumented spacecraft observed the evolution of these geoeffective especially in the Caribbean • Active region AR12673 released four events from their solar origins, through the interplanetary medium, to their geospace impacts. The 6 X-class flares, three coronal mass September X9.3 flare was the largest to date for the nearly concluded solar cycle 24 and, in fact, the brightest ejections, and a solar energetic recorded since an X17 flare in September 2005, which occurred during the declining phase of solar cycle 23. particle event with ground level enhancement Rapid ionization of the sunlit upper atmosphere occurred, disrupting high-frequency communications in the Caribbean region while emergency managers were scrambling to provide critical recovery services caused by the region’s devastating hurricanes.
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