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Victor Or Villain? Wernher Von Braun and the Space Race
The Social Studies (2011) 102, 59–64 Copyright C Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0037-7996 print / 2152-405X online DOI: 10.1080/00377996.2010.484444 Victor or Villain? Wernher von Braun and the Space Race JASON L. O’BRIEN1 and CHRISTINE E. SEARS2 1Education Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA 2History Department, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, USA Set during the Cold War and space race, this historical role-play focuses on Wernher von Braun’s involvement in and culpability for the use of slave laborers to produce V-2 rockets for Nazi Germany. Students will grapple with two central questions. Should von Braun have been allowed to emigrate to the United States given his affiliation with the Nazis and use of slave laborers? Should the U.S. government and military have put Braun in powerful positions in NASA and military programs? This activity encourages students to hone their critical thinking skills as they consider and debate a complex, multi-layered historical scenario. Students also have opportunity to articulate persuasive arguments either for or against von Braun. Each character sketch includes basic information, but additional references are included for teachers and students who want a more in depth background. Keywords: role-play, Wernher von Braun, Space Race, active learning Victor or Villain? Wernher von Braun and the Space Role-Playing as an Instructional Strategy Race By engaging in historical role-plays, students can explore In 2009, the United States celebrated the fortieth anniver- different viewpoints regarding controversial topics (Clegg sary of the Apollo 11 crew’s landing on the moon. -
Progress Report on Apollo Program
PROGRESS REPORT ON APOLLO PROGRAM Michael Collins, LCol. USAF (M) Astronaut NASA-MANNED SPACECRAFT CENTER It is a great pleasure to be here today and to greet you hardy suMvors of the pool party. I will do my best to avoid loud noises and bright colors during my status report. Since the last SETP Symposium, the Apollo Program has been quite busy in a number of different areas. (Figure 1) My problem is to sift through this information and to talk only about those things of most interest to you. First, to review briefly our hardware, we are talking about two different spacecraft and two different boosters. (Figure 2) The Command Module is that part of the stack COLLINS which makes the complete round trip to the moon. Attached to it is the Service Module, containing expendables and a 20,000 pound thrust engine for maneuverability. The Lunar Module will be carried on later flights and is the landing vehicle and active rendezvous partner. The uprated Saturn I can put the Command and Service Modules into earth orbit; the Saturn V is required when the Lunar Module is added. Since the last symposium, we have flown the Command and Service Modules twice and the Lunar Module once, all unmanned. Apollo 4, the first Saturn V flight, was launched in November 1967. (Figure 3) The Saturn V did a beautiful, i.e. nominal, job of putting the spacecraft into earth parking orbit. After a coast period, the third stage (S-IVB by McDonnell Douglas) was ignited a second time, achieving a highly elliptical orbit. -
1993 (179Kb Pdf)
February 4, 1993 KSC Contact: Bruce Buckingham KSC Release No. 10-93 Notice To Editors/News Directors: KSC NEWS CENTER OFFICE HOURS FOR PEGASUS ARRIVAL The NASA B-52 aircraft carrying the Orbital Sciences Cor- poration Pegasus rocket is scheduled to arrive at KSC on Sunday, Feb. 7, with launch targeted for Feb. 9. The aircraft is currently scheduled to depart Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., at about 10:00 a.m. EST on Sunday with a single refueling stopover planned at Sheppard AFB, Texas. If weather permits, arrival of the aircraft at KSC's Shuttle Landing Facility should be about 4:30 p.m. EST. Status updates regarding the cross-country flight will be made on KSC's codaphone over the weekend. This can be reached by calling 407/867-2525. Public Affairs officers will be in the KSC Press Site office by 9:30 a.m. Sunday in order to provide status updates by phone. The office, however, will not officially open until it is deter- mined the aircraft will in fact be arriving at KSC. If it is determined that the aircraft will be successful in completing the day-long trip to KSC on Sunday, the office will officially open at 3:00 p.m. In that event, media interested in viewing the B-52/Pegasus arrival should plan on calling the KSC news center at 407/867-2468 for departure times to the Shuttle Landing Facility. News media who do not possess current credentials must con- tact the Public Information Office before close of business Friday, Feb. -
Information Summaries
TIROS 8 12/21/63 Delta-22 TIROS-H (A-53) 17B S National Aeronautics and TIROS 9 1/22/65 Delta-28 TIROS-I (A-54) 17A S Space Administration TIROS Operational 2TIROS 10 7/1/65 Delta-32 OT-1 17B S John F. Kennedy Space Center 2ESSA 1 2/3/66 Delta-36 OT-3 (TOS) 17A S Information Summaries 2 2 ESSA 2 2/28/66 Delta-37 OT-2 (TOS) 17B S 2ESSA 3 10/2/66 2Delta-41 TOS-A 1SLC-2E S PMS 031 (KSC) OSO (Orbiting Solar Observatories) Lunar and Planetary 2ESSA 4 1/26/67 2Delta-45 TOS-B 1SLC-2E S June 1999 OSO 1 3/7/62 Delta-8 OSO-A (S-16) 17A S 2ESSA 5 4/20/67 2Delta-48 TOS-C 1SLC-2E S OSO 2 2/3/65 Delta-29 OSO-B2 (S-17) 17B S Mission Launch Launch Payload Launch 2ESSA 6 11/10/67 2Delta-54 TOS-D 1SLC-2E S OSO 8/25/65 Delta-33 OSO-C 17B U Name Date Vehicle Code Pad Results 2ESSA 7 8/16/68 2Delta-58 TOS-E 1SLC-2E S OSO 3 3/8/67 Delta-46 OSO-E1 17A S 2ESSA 8 12/15/68 2Delta-62 TOS-F 1SLC-2E S OSO 4 10/18/67 Delta-53 OSO-D 17B S PIONEER (Lunar) 2ESSA 9 2/26/69 2Delta-67 TOS-G 17B S OSO 5 1/22/69 Delta-64 OSO-F 17B S Pioneer 1 10/11/58 Thor-Able-1 –– 17A U Major NASA 2 1 OSO 6/PAC 8/9/69 Delta-72 OSO-G/PAC 17A S Pioneer 2 11/8/58 Thor-Able-2 –– 17A U IMPROVED TIROS OPERATIONAL 2 1 OSO 7/TETR 3 9/29/71 Delta-85 OSO-H/TETR-D 17A S Pioneer 3 12/6/58 Juno II AM-11 –– 5 U 3ITOS 1/OSCAR 5 1/23/70 2Delta-76 1TIROS-M/OSCAR 1SLC-2W S 2 OSO 8 6/21/75 Delta-112 OSO-1 17B S Pioneer 4 3/3/59 Juno II AM-14 –– 5 S 3NOAA 1 12/11/70 2Delta-81 ITOS-A 1SLC-2W S Launches Pioneer 11/26/59 Atlas-Able-1 –– 14 U 3ITOS 10/21/71 2Delta-86 ITOS-B 1SLC-2E U OGO (Orbiting Geophysical -
Wemher Von (Braun Rr'eam Q'ri6ute Vnveifino Ceremony
Wemher von (Braun rr'eam q'ri6ute Vnveifino Ceremony July 3, 2010 5:00 p.m. )fpo{[o Courtyartf vs. Space ~ qu,c~t Center rrfiose wfio are fionored . .. WILHELM ANGELE HELMUT HOELZER EBERHARD REES ERICH BALL OSCAR HOLDERER KARL REILMANN OSCAR BAUSCHINGER HELMUT HORN GERHARD REISIG HERMANN BEDUERFTIG HANS HOSENTHIEN WERNER ROSINSKI RUDOLF BEICHEL HANS HUETER LUDWIG ROTH ANTON BEIER WALTER JACOBI HEINRICH ROTHE HERBERT BERGELER RICHARD JENKE WILHELM ROTHE JOSEF BOEHM HEINZKAMPMEIER ARTHUR RUDOLPH MAGNUS VON BRAUN ERICH KASCHIG FRIEDRICH VON SAURMA THEODOR BUCHHOLD ERNST KLAUSS HEINZ SCHARNOWSKI WALTER BUROSE FRITZ KRAEMER MARTIN SCHILLING WERNERDAHM HERMANN KROEGER RUDOLF SCHLIDT KONRAD DANNENBERG HUBERTKROH ALBERT SCHULER GERDDEBEEK GUSTAV KROLL HEINRICH SCHULZE KURT DEBUS WILLI KUBERG WILLIAM SCHULZE FRIEDRICH DOHM WERNER KUERS FRIEDRICH SCHWARZ GERHARD DRAWE ERNST LANGE ERNST SEILER FRIEDRICH DUERR HANS LINDENMAYR KARLSENDLER OTTO EISENHARDT KURT LINDNER WERNER SIEBER HANS FICHTNER HERMANN LUDEWIG FRIEDTJOF SPEER ALFRED FINZEL HANNES LUEHRSEN ARNOLD STEIN EDWARD FISCHEL CARL MANDEL WOLFGANG STEURER HERBERT FUHRMANN ERICH MANTEUFEL ERNST STUHLINGER ERNST GEISSLER HANSMAUS BERNHARD TESSMANN WERNER GENGELBACH HANSMILDE ADOLPH THIEL DIETERGRAU HEINZ MILLINGER GEORG VON TIES EN HAUSEN HANS GRUENE RUDOLF MINNING WERNER TILLER WALTER HAEUSSERMANN WILLIAM MRAZEK JOHANNES TSCHINKEL KARL HAGER FRITZ MUELLER JULIUS TUEBBECKE GUENTHER HAUKOHL ERICH NEUBERT ARTHUR URBANSKI ARNOHECK MAX NOWAK FRITZ VANDERSEE KARL HEIMBURG ROBERT PAETZ WERNER VOSS EMIL HELLEBRAND HANS PALAORO THEODORVOWE GERHARD HELLER KURTPATT FRITZ WEBER BRUNO HELM HANS PAUL HERMANN WEIDNER ALFRED HENNING FRITZ PAULI WALTER WIESMAN BRUNO HEUSINGER HELMUT PFAFF ALBIN WITTMANN OTTO HIRSCHLER THEODOR POPPEL HUGO WOERDEMANN OTTO HOBERG WILLIBALD PRASTHOFER ALBERT ZEILER RUDOLF HOELKER WILHELM RAITHEL HELMUT ZOIKE Wem6er von (}Jraun 'Team 'Tri6ute VnveiCing Ceremony July 3,2010 5:00p.m. -
Detecting, Tracking and Imaging Space Debris
r bulletin 109 — february 2002 Detecting, Tracking and Imaging Space Debris D. Mehrholz, L. Leushacke FGAN Research Institute for High-Frequency Physics and Radar Techniques, Wachtberg, Germany W. Flury, R. Jehn, H. Klinkrad, M. Landgraf European Space Operations Centre (ESOC), Darmstadt, Germany Earth’s space-debris environment tracked, with estimates for the number of Today’s man-made space-debris environment objects larger than 1 cm ranging from 100 000 has been created by the space activities to 200 000. that have taken place since Sputnik’s launch in 1957. There have been more than 4000 The sources of this debris are normal launch rocket launches since then, as well as many operations (Fig. 2), certain operations in space, other related debris-generating occurrences fragmentations as a result of explosions and such as more than 150 in-orbit fragmentation collisions in space, firings of satellite solid- events. rocket motors, material ageing effects, and leaking thermal-control systems. Solid-rocket Among the more than 8700 objects larger than 10 cm in Earth orbits, motors use aluminium as a catalyst (about 15% only about 6% are operational satellites and the remainder is space by mass) and when burning they emit debris. Europe currently has no operational space surveillance aluminium-oxide particles typically 1 to 10 system, but a powerful radar facility for the detection and tracking of microns in size. In addition, centimetre-sized space debris and the imaging of space objects is available in the form objects are formed by metallic aluminium melts, of the 34 m dish radar at the Research Establishment for Applied called ‘slag’. -
Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Occupant Safety
Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Occupant Safety Version 1.0 August 27, 2014 Federal Aviation Administration Office of Commercial Space Transportation 800 Independence Avenue, Room 331 7 3 Washington, DC 20591 0 0 - 4 1 C T Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Page ii Occupant Safety – Version 1.0 Record of Revisions Version Description Date 1.0 Baseline version of document August 27, 2014 Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Page iii Occupant Safety – Version 1.0 Recommended Practices for Human Space Flight Page iv Occupant Safety – Version 1.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS A. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 1.0 Purpose ............................................................................................................................. 1 2.0 Scope ................................................................................................................................ 1 3.0 Development Process ....................................................................................................... 2 4.0 Level of Risk and Level of Care ...................................................................................... 2 4.1 Level of Risk ................................................................................................................ 2 4.2 Level of Care ................................................................................................................ 3 5.0 Structure and Nature of the -
PEANUTS and SPACE FOUNDATION Apollo and Beyond
Reproducible Master PEANUTS and SPACE FOUNDATION Apollo and Beyond GRADE 4 – 5 OBJECTIVES PAGE 1 Students will: ö Read Snoopy, First Beagle on the Moon! and Shoot for the Moon, Snoopy! ö Learn facts about the Apollo Moon missions. ö Use this information to complete a fill-in-the-blank fact worksheet. ö Create mission objectives for a brand new mission to the moon. SUGGESTED GRADE LEVELS 4 – 5 SUBJECT AREAS Space Science, History TIMELINE 30 – 45 minutes NEXT GENERATION SCIENCE STANDARDS ö 5-ESS1 ESS1.B Earth and the Solar System ö 3-5-ETS1 ETS1.B Developing Possible Solutions 21st CENTURY ESSENTIAL SKILLS Collaboration and Teamwork, Communication, Information Literacy, Flexibility, Leadership, Initiative, Organizing Concepts, Obtaining/Evaluating/Communicating Ideas BACKGROUND ö According to NASA.gov, NASA has proudly shared an association with Charles M. Schulz and his American icon Snoopy since Apollo missions began in the 1960s. Schulz created comic strips depicting Snoopy on the Moon, capturing public excitement about America’s achievements in space. In May 1969, Apollo 10 astronauts traveled to the Moon for a final trial run before the lunar landings took place on later missions. Because that mission required the lunar module to skim within 50,000 feet of the Moon’s surface and “snoop around” to determine the landing site for Apollo 11, the crew named the lunar module Snoopy. The command module was named Charlie Brown, after Snoopy’s loyal owner. These books are a united effort between Peanuts Worldwide, NASA and Simon & Schuster to generate interest in space among today’s younger children. -
Out There Somewhere Could Be a PLANET LIKE OURS the Breakthroughs We’Ll Need to find Earth 2.0 Page 30
September 2014 Out there somewhere could be A PLANET LIKE OURS The breakthroughs we’ll need to find Earth 2.0 Page 30 Faster comms with lasers/16 Real fallout from Ukraine crisis/36 NASA Glenn chief talks tech/18 A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS Engineering the future Advanced Composites Research The Wizarding World of Harry Potter TM Bloodhound Supersonic Car Whether it’s the world’s fastest car With over 17,500 staff worldwide, and 2,800 in or the next generation of composite North America, we have the breadth and depth of capability to respond to the world’s most materials, Atkins is at the forefront of challenging engineering projects. engineering innovation. www.na.atkinsglobal.com September 2014 Page 30 DEPARTMENTS EDITOR’S NOTEBOOK 2 New strategy, new era LETTER TO THE EDITOR 3 Skeptical about the SABRE engine INTERNATIONAL BEAT 4 Now trending: passive radars IN BRIEF 8 A question mark in doomsday comms Page 12 THE VIEW FROM HERE 12 Surviving a bad day ENGINEERING NOTEBOOK 16 Demonstrating laser comms CONVERSATION 18 Optimist-in-chief TECH HISTORY 22 Reflecting on radars PROPULSION & ENERGY 2014 FORUM 26 Electric planes; additive manufacturing; best quotes Page 38 SPACE 2014 FORUM 28 Comet encounter; MILSATCOM; best quotes OUT OF THE PAST 44 CAREER OPPORTUNITIES 46 Page 16 FEATURES FINDING EARTH 2.0 30 Beaming home a photo of a planet like ours will require money, some luck and a giant telescope rich with technical advances. by Erik Schechter COLLATERAL DAMAGE 36 Page 22 The impact of the Russia-Ukrainian conflict extends beyond the here and now. -
APOLLO EXPERIENCE REPORT - THERMAL PROTECTION SUBSYSTEM by Jumes E
NASA TECHNICAL NOTE NASA TN D-7564 w= ro VI h d z c Q rn 4 z t APOLLO EXPERIENCE REPORT - THERMAL PROTECTION SUBSYSTEM by Jumes E. Puulosky und Leslie G, St. Leger Ly12d012 B. Johlzson Space Center Honst0~2, Texus 77058 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, 0. C. JANUARY 1974 ~--_. - .. 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. D-7564 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date January 1974 APOLLOEXPERIENCEREPORT THERMAL PROTECTION SUBSYSTEM 6. Performing Organization Code I 7. Author(s) I 8. Performing Organization Report No. JSC S-383 James E. Pavlosky and Leslie G. St. Leger, JSC 10. Work Unit No. I 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 11. Contract or Grant No. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center Houston, Texas 77058 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 14. Sponsoring Agency Code National Aeronautics and SDace Administration Washington, D. C. 20546 1 15. Supplementary Notes The JSC Director waived the use of the International System of Units (SI) for this Apollo Experienc Report because, in his judgment, the use of SI units would impair the usefulness of th'e report or result in excessive cost. 16. Abstract The Apollo command module was the first manned spacecraft to be designed to enter the atmos- phere of the earth at lunar-return velocity, and the design of the thermal protection subsystem for the resulting entry environment presented a major technological challenge. Brief descrip- tions of the Apollo command module thermal design requirements and thermal protection con- figuration, and some highlights of the ground and flight testing used for design verification of the system are presented. -
Year in Review 2013
SM_Dec_2013 cover Worldwide Satellite Magazine December 2013 SatMagazine 2013 YEAR IN REVIEW SatMagazine December 2013—Year In Review Publishing Operations Senior Contributors This Issue’s Authors Silvano Payne, Publisher + Writer Mike Antonovich, ATEME Mike Antonovich Robert Kubbernus Hartley G. Lesser, Editorial Director Tony Bardo, Hughes Eran Avni Dr. Ajey Lele Richard Dutchik Dave Bettinger Tom Leech Pattie Waldt, Executive Editor Chris Forrester, Broadgate Publications Don Buchman Hartley Lesser Jill Durfee, Sales Director, Editorial Assistant Karl Fuchs, iDirect Government Services Eyal Copitt Timothy Logue Simon Payne, Development Director Bob Gough, 21 Carrick Communications Rich Currier Jay Monroe Jos Heyman, TIROS Space Information Tommy Konkol Dybvad Tore Morten Olsen Donald McGee, Production Manager David Leichner, Gilat Satellite Networks Chris Forrester Kurt Peterhans Dan Makinster, Technical Advisor Giles Peeters, Track24 Defence Sima Fishman Jorge Potti Bert Sadtler, Boxwood Executive Search Simen K. Frostad Sally-Anne Ray David Gelerman Susan Sadaat Samer Halawi Bert Sadtler Jos Heyman Patrick Shay Jack Jacobs Mike Towner Casper Jensen Serge Van Herck Alexandre Joint Pattie Waldt Pradman Kaul Ali Zarkesh Published 11 times a year by SatNews Publishers 800 Siesta Way Sonoma, CA 95476 USA Phone: (707) 939-9306 Fax: (707) 838-9235 © 2013 SatNews Publishers We reserve the right to edit all submitted materials to meet our content guidelines, as well as for grammar or to move articles to an alternative issue to accommodate publication space requirements, or removed due to space restrictions. Submission of content does not constitute acceptance of said material by SatNews Publishers. Edited materials may, or may not, be returned to author and/or company for review prior to publication. -
1998 Year in Review
Associate Administrator for Commercial Space Transportation (AST) January 1999 COMMERCIAL SPACE TRANSPORTATION: 1998 YEAR IN REVIEW Cover Photo Credits (from left): International Launch Services (1998). Image is of the Atlas 2AS launch on June 18, 1998, from Cape Canaveral Air Station. It successfully orbited the Intelsat 805 communications satellite for Intelsat. Boeing Corporation (1998). Image is of the Delta 2 7920 launch on September 8, 1998, from Vandenberg Air Force Base. It successfully orbited five Iridium communications satellites for Iridium LLP. Lockheed Martin Corporation (1998). Image is of the Athena 2 awaiting its maiden launch on January 6, 1998, from Spaceport Florida. It successfully deployed the NASA Lunar Prospector. Orbital Sciences Corporation (1998). Image is of the Taurus 1 launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base on February 10, 1998. It successfully orbited the Geosat Follow-On 1 military remote sensing satellite for the Department of Defense, two Orbcomm satellites and the Celestis 2 funerary payload for Celestis Corporation. Orbital Sciences Corporation (1998). Image is of the Pegasus XL launch on December 5, 1998, from Vandenberg Air Force Base. It successfully orbited the Sub-millimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite for the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. 1998 YEAR IN REVIEW INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION In 1998, U.S. launch service providers conducted In addition, 1998 saw continuing demand for 22 launches licensed by the Federal Aviation launches to deploy the world’s first low Earth Administration (FAA), an increase of 29 percent orbit (LEO) communication systems. In 1998, over the 17 launches conducted in 1997. Of there were 17 commercial launches to LEO, 14 these 22, 17 were for commercial or international of which were for the Iridium, Globalstar, and customers, resulting in a 47 percent share of the Orbcomm LEO communications constellations.