Welfare Policy: Governance History and Political Philosophy Bernard Cadogan, D.Phil (Oxon) JULY 2013 BACKGROUND PAPER Welfare Policy: Governance History and Political Philosophy FOR THE 2013 STATEMENT ON THE LONG-TERM FISCAL POSITION MONTH/YEAR July 2013 AUTHOR Bernard Cadogan, D.Phil (Oxon) 1 Hill View Road Oxford United Kingdom Email
[email protected] URL Treasury website at July 2013: www.treasury.govt.nz/government/longterm/fiscalposition/2013/ Abstract New Zealand is a veteran welfare provision state. This paper places New Zealand in the historical, ideological and political philosophy movements that have developed welfare policy in OECD European and New World nations as they have transformed from agrarian to industrial and then from industrial to post-industrial economies over the past 200 years. On this shifting map of welfare changes, New Zealand has successfully converted its mid-20th century universalist welfare system into one that emphasizes social investment, enablement and responsibilisation. This is expected to continue, reinforced by a Rawlsian construction of intergenerational equity and by reinvigorated citizenship concepts. JEL CLASSIFICATION I300 - Welfare and poverty KEYWORDS history and philosophy of welfare; classifications of welfare states; welfare provision; intergenerational equity. Welfare Policy: Governance History and Political Philosophy i Executive Summary New Zealand is not an isolate when it comes to welfare policy. It has been a leader- state and it has been a follower, since the 19th century. What has been less well understood, however, are New Zealand’s international and ideological contexts—a deficiency which this paper seeks to remedy. A critical review follows of the histories and ideologies of those forms of public provision against poverty and income insecurity that came to be referred to as “welfare” or “social security” by the 1930s-1960s period.