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Fichte Für Die Welt AKADEMIE FORSCHUNG PH I LOSOPH ie Fichte für die Welt D ie I NT E RN AT I ON A L E N B E Z ie HUNG E N de R F I CHT E -G E S am T A USG abe . VON ERICH FUCHS Frühe Kontakte nach Italien und Frankreich is heute trägt der Philosoph Johann Gottlieb Fichte Bald nach Erscheinen der ersten B(1762–1814) unter einseitig Bände gingen Briefe an die beiden Interessierten oder ungenügend bekanntesten Fichte-Spezialisten Unterrichteten das Etikett eines des Auslandes. Seinen persönlichen deutschtümelnden, chauvinistischen Vorlieben für Frankreich und Nationalisten. Die seit dem Erschei- Italien entsprechend wandte Lauth nen der Akademieausgabe aufsprie- seinen Blick zuerst dorthin. Der ßende Forschung hat diese These italienische Meister in der Kenntnis längst entsorgt. Man weiß heute, des „Deutschen Idealismus“ Luigi dass Fichtes Patriotismus sich sehr Pareyson (1918–1991) in Turin kam wohl mit einer kosmopolitischen Lauth allerdings zuvor. Er gratulier- Einstellung verträgt. te am 16. Juli 1963 zum Erscheinen der „bellissima nuova edizione Hätte sonst die Fichte-Edition delle opere di Fichte“ und als „un einen so anregenden Impuls in die veterano di studi fichtiani“ fühlte internationale Wissenschaftsland- er sich autorisiert, seine lebhafte schaft werfen können? Auch dieses Zustimmung kundzutun. Zum Verdienst kommt neben der grund- Schluss hofft Pareyson auf künftige legenden Leistung für den Aufbau Kontakte. Lauth übersandte gleich Fichte in Asien: die chinesische der ganzen Edition dem Initiator ein Exemplar des ersten Bandes und (links) und die japanische Fichte- und Leiter der Fichte-Ausgabe, äußerte (2. Sept. 1963) als „unser Ausgabe. Reinhard Lauth (1919–2007), zu. großes Interesse“, „nunmehr eine Sein Blick ging um 1955 über die Verbindung zu den verschiedenen zwischen Ihnen und uns. Als Fern- nächstliegende, die innerdeutsche Fichte-Forschern und unter ihnen ziel schwebt uns ein internationa- Grenze nach Ost-Berlin in die DDR herzustellen. Wir möchten den ler Fichte-Kongreß vor, auf dem – dies natürlich auch notgedrun- Austausch von Studienergebnissen einmal die gegenwärtigen Rich- gen, denn der überwiegende Teil erleichtern. Wenn möglich sollten tungen der Fichte-Interpretation zu des Fichte-Nachlasses befand sich wir zu einer Absprache über die Worte kämen und über den Stand in der Deutschen Staatsbibliothek zunächst vorzunehmenden Fichte- der philologischen Arbeiten in Wort „Unter den Linden“. Lauth brachte Arbeiten kommen. Besonders und Anschauungsmaterial berichtet im sog. Kalten Krieg das Kunst- dringlich erscheint uns die Frage werden könnte.“ Der Beginn einer stück zu Wege, dieses „deutsch- der Übersetzung von Fichte-Tex- lebenslangen Bekanntschaft war deutsche“ Projekt in Gang zu set- ten. Bisher gibt es eine Gruppe gemacht, die bald in Freundschaft zen, ohne in die Mühlen der hohen von Fichte-Forschern ausser in mit engem geistigen Austausch Politik zu geraten. Die Deutsche Deutschland: in Frankreich (meist überging. Akademie der Wissenschaften und Schüler von M. Gueroult), Spanien die Staatsbibliothek stellten ihre (einschl. der spanisch sprechenden An den Nestor der französischen Fichte-Manuskripte in Filmkopien Welt) und Italien. Mit den spanisch Fichte-Forschung Martial Gueroult zur Verfügung. Ins Jahr 1958 kann sprechenden Herren [aus Mexiko, (1891–1976) übersandte Lauth am man den Beginn der intensiven Venezuela und Spanien] ist ein 2. Juni 1964 „ein Exemplar [des Arbeiten setzen, und 1962 kam der Übersetzungsprogramm bereits ab- eben erschienenen Bandes I,1] zum erste Band heraus; er enthielt die gesprochen. … Das mindeste, was Zeichen meiner Verehrung für Sie“ ersten bisher unveröffentlichten realisiert werden sollte, wäre eine und schrieb: „Ich wäre erfreut und Nachlassstücke. regelmäßige Kommunikation dankbar, wenn wir von nun an stän- 4 0 A K A DEMIE AKTUELL 03/2009 AKADEMIE FORSCHUNG digen Kontakt halten und in unseren November sandte Lauth an Gueroult Auch Marek Siemek (Warschau) Anstrengungen für die Transzen- die Nachricht von seiner Aufnahme fand so den Weg zu vertiefter Fichte- dentalphilosophie gemeinsam wir- in die Kommission. Arbeit, und der Kontakt ist über ken könnten.“ Am 18. Juni 1968 viele Jahre hinweg nicht abgerissen. baten die beiden Herausgeber der Auch Luigi Pareyson wurde (im Jahr Ausgabe Martial Gueroult, Mitglied 1970) Mitglied der Fichte-Kommis- Nach dem Tod Luigi Pareysons der Kommission für die Herausgabe sion. Mit dem Leiter des „Archives (1991) konnte Lauth bald Claudio de Philosophie“, Marcel Régnier, Cesa (Professor an der Scuola Nor- und dem – ich möchte sagen – Uni- male superiore in Pisa) als Mitglied versalgelehrten in Sachen „Deut- der Kommission gewinnen und so scher Idealismus“ Xavier Tilliette, die Verbindung zu den Spitzen der hatte Lauth sehr bald engere Bande Fichte-Forschung in Italien aufrecht- geknüpft, die auch für die kommen- erhalten. Italien hatte inzwischen tierende Arbeit innerhalb der Edition Frankreich als Tabellenführer in der sehr ersprießlich wurden. (Auch der Serie A der Fichteantià abgelöst. Schreiber dieser Zeilen hat in seiner Über Jahre hinweg blüht schon, Arbeit an „Fichte im Gespräch“ viel unterstützt von Humboldt-Stiftung Hilfe von Xavier Tilliette erfahren.) und DAAD, der Austausch mit Mit Alexis Philonenko (Professor in jüngeren „Fichteanern“ aus Italien, Rouen und Genf), der eine Genera- und einige haben inzwischen an tion jüngerer Gelehrter französischer den letzten Bänden der Ausgabe Zunge geprägt hat, ergab sich eine mitgearbeitet. langjährige Zusammenarbeit. Frank- reich war in den ersten Jahren der Aber auch aus vielen anderen Län- Editionsarbeit das Land, in dessen dern – dies belegt die Korrespon- philosophischen Wäldern die Fichte denz der Ausgabe der ersten Jahre BB.: FICHTE-KOMMISSION A am besten gedieh. – suchten Philosophiestudenten B E I D E oder -dozenten bei der Edition letz- Reinhard Lauth richtete seinen Blick tes Rüstzeug für ihre Arbeiten und des Fichte-Nachlasses zu werden: aber nicht nur ins südliche und west- Publikationen: Ägypten, Belgien, „Die Bayer. Akademie der Wissen- liche Europa; ihm lag auch die geis- Brasilien, Bulgarien, Israel, Kana- schaften wünscht eine Ausweitung tige Verbindung nach Osteuropa da, Mexiko, Österreich, Schweiz, ihrer Kommissionen in der Richtung am Herzen. Als Dostojewski-Fach- Spanien, Syrien, Tschechien, USA einer gewissen Internationalisierung mann gab er immer wieder Beweise und Vietnam. ihrer Forschungsarbeit. Die Fichte- seiner Kenntnisse der russischen Kommission hat sogleich an Sie Geistesgeschichte. Und über seine Erste Fichte-Tagungen als den hervorragendsten auslän- Verbindung zu Manfred Buhr, dem dischen Fachmann in Fichte-Fragen Leiter der philosophischen Abteilung Der Plan einer internationalen gedacht. Ihr Beitritt zur Kommission der Akademie der Wissenschaften Fichte-Tagung aus dem Jahre 1963 würde für uns eine große Ehre in Ost-Berlin, knüpfte er Kontakte wurde erstmals im August 1977 sein.“ Martial Gueroult nahm das nach Russland. Arsenij Gulyga verwirklicht. Im Stift Zwettl in Nie- Angebot am 5. Juli 1968 an: „J’ai (Akademie der Wissenschaften der derösterreich hörten 52 Teilnehmer été extrêmement sensible à l’offre UdSSR) vermittelte uns den Zugang aus der BRD, der DDR, England, aimable que vous m’avez faite de zum „Archiv der Alten Akten“ in Frankreich, Japan, Kanada, Nor- devenir membre de la Commission Moskau, wo uns die Geschwister wegen, Österreich, Polen und den Fichte de l’Académie Bavaroise des Nina und Jurij Gromyko erfolgreich USA 40 Vorträge. (Tagungsband: Sciences. Je me sens très honoré par unterstützten. Gegenseitige Besuche Der transzendentale Gedanke. Hrsg. votre invitation et, bien entendu, je und vor allem elementare philoso- Klaus Hammacher, Hamburg, Felix l’accepte avec le plus grand plaisir. phische Diskussionen folgten in den Meiner Verlag, 1981.) J’espère qu’il me sera donné un nächsten Jahren. jour d’aller vous voir à Munich, au Dieser Tagung folgte – erneut von sein de la Commission Fichte, et de Über die Fäden der Humboldt- München aus organisiert – eine faire ainsi personnellement votre Stiftung wurden so manche später zweite internationale Fichte-Tagung connaissance, ce dont je serais très bekannte Forscher ins „Fichte- im August 1987 in Deutschlandsberg heureux. … M. Gueroult.“ Am 19. Zentrum“ nach München gezogen. in der Steiermark mit 33 Vorträgen 03/2009 AK A DEMIE AKTUELL 4 1 AKADEMIE FORSCHUNG USA Spanien Portugal Frankreich Italien Niederlande Dänemark Norwegen Schweden Polen Kroatien Ungarn Griechenland Bulgarien Russland China Japan England Südamerika Brasilien Belgien (63) (7) (1) (1) (4) (5) (1) (5) (1) (2) SU (47) (58) (30) (35) (6) fr. Schweiz (19) (70) Übersicht über die Über- und 45 Teilnehmern aus der BRD, Gesellschaft fand in Deutschland hoffentlich den ersten Schritt zur setzung der Werke Fichtes China, der DDR, England, Finnland, aus persönlichen und atmosphä- Internationalen Fichte-Gesellschaft seit 1963 nach Ländern Frankreich, Italien, Japan, Kanada, rischen Gründen längere Zeit kei- tun. Nach seinem Rat wurde 1985 bzw. Sprachen (jeweils Österreich, Polen, der Schweiz und nen günstigen Boden. So entstand die Japanische Fichte-Gesellschaft Gesamtzahl der Überset- den USA. (Tagungsband: Trans- im Fernen Osten als erste die Japa- am Geburtstag Fichtes, dem 19. zungen). zendentalphilosophie als System. nische Fichte-Gesellschaft (www. Mai, in Hiroshima gegründet.“ Die Hrsg. Albert Mues, Hamburg, Felix soc.nii.ac.jp/fichte). Ihr Gründungs- Japanische Fichte-Gesellschaft Meiner Verlag, 1989). Eine weitere präsident war Chukei
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