Focus on Membrane Technology for Water Treatment
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FocusFocus onon MembraneMembrane TechnologyTechnology forfor WaterWater TreatmentTreatment Toray Industries, Inc. February 4, 2004 Masaru Kurihara CONTENTCONTENT 1.1. WorldWorld WaterWater ProblemProblem 2.2. WaterWater TreatmentTreatment MembranesMembranes 3.3. RORO MembranesMembranes && NFNF MembranesMembranes 4.4. UFUF MembranesMembranes && MFMF MembranesMembranes -- DrinkingDrinking WaterWater ProductionProduction -- 5.5. ImmersedImmersed MembranesMembranes forfor WastewaterWastewater TreatmentTreatment 6.6. ConclusionConclusion TorayToray –– TheThe LeaderLeader inin ““AdvancedAdvanced MaterialsMaterials”” AchievingAchieving HighHigh GrowthGrowth byby ConstantlyConstantly SupplyingSupplying “Advanced“Advanced Materials”Materials”––DDevelopedeveloped withwith ourour CoreCore TechnologiesTechnologies ––iintonto ourour ThreeThree GrowthGrowth AreasAreas (an(an expansionexpansion ofof ourour fourfour strategicstrategic businessbusiness areas)areas) <Advanced Materials> •Nanofibers Four Strategic •High-performance Fibers <Three Growth Areas> Business Areas <Core Technologies> and Resins Electronics & Info- IT-related Products Organic Synthetic •Nano-alloy Materials Related Products Chemistry •Advanced Electronics Materials Life Sciences Pharmaceuticals Polymer Chemistry •Biomaterials •Separation Materials Water Treatment Biochemistry •High-performance Composite Environment Safety Materials Amenity •Recycling Materials Carbon Fiber WorldWorld WaterWater ShortageShortage -- NowNow andand FutureFuture (WMO and others, 1996) 1995 Main regions which have high water shortage percentages of more than 20% Water 1995: Shortage 1) ≧40% :Middle East, Singapore, ≧40% Korea, Pakistan 40~20% 20~10% 2) 20~40%: India, Mexico, Europe ≦10% (excluding UK and France), Taiwan, South Africa 2025 2025: 1) ≧40% : Middle East, Korea, Pakistan, India, Algeria, South Africa, etc. 2) 20~40%: Mexico, China, USA, Europe (excluding UK) WaterWater shortage shortage presumed presumed to to continue continue worldwide worldwide especially especially in in Europe Europe and and the the U.S.A., U.S.A., asas well well as as throughout throughout China China by by 2025 2025 WaterWater ProblemProblem andand MembraneMembrane TechnologyTechnology Water Problem Membrane Technology for Water Treatment Water Region, Country Water Fresh Water Wastewater Resource Desalination Reuse & Pollution Treatment Shortage Reclamation United States Problem Problem In operation In operation Construction Benelux Problem Being applied In operation UK, France Problem In operation Being applied Spain Problem Problem Being applied In operation Being applied Saudi Arabia Severe In operation Planning Kuwait Severe In operation Construction China Problem Severe Being applied Being Planning applied Singapore Severe In operation In operation In operation Japan Problem In operation In operation Water resources are extending from fresh water to sea water & wastewater WaterWater TreatmentTreatment MembranesMembranes MembraneMembrane andand RelativeRelative SizeSize ofof CommonCommon MaterialsMaterials Ultrafiltration Microfiltration MF Nanofiltration UF Membrane Reverse Osmosis NF RO Size (μm) 0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 Cl- ion Pesticide, Organic Material Influenza Virus Algae, Mad Relative Size Na+ion of Zn2+ion Vibrio Cholerae Common F- ion Virus 2+ Polio Virus Coliform Materials Pb ion Cryptosporidium NO -ion 3 Hepatitis A Virus Trihalomethane Bacillus anthracis Sea Water Desalination Wastewater Treatment Application Brackish Water Desalination Drinking Water Wastewater Treatment Drinking Water Drinking Water SeparationSeparation CharacteristicsCharacteristics ofof VariousVarious MembranesMembranes RO/NF Membranes UF/MF Membranes Low MW Middle to high organic materials MW materials (Mw ≦200) (Mw >200) Ions Dissolved Suspended Solid Monovalent ions Multivalent ions matter Particles Permeation Water and Water rejection Membrane Membrane RO: Molecular interaction MF: Dynamic separation Separation Solution diffusion Size exclusion mechanism Electric repulsion NF: Size exclusion UF: Electric repulsion RO: <1 nm UF: 10~100 nm Pore size NF: 1~10 nm MF: >100 nm GlobalGlobal CapacityCapacity ofof MembraneMembrane FiltrationFiltration PlantsPlants Cumulative 12,0000 Annual Total ) Cumulative Total Estimated 3 RO&NF Cumulative Crypto outbreak 10,0000 Contracted /d x10 3 Potential New 0 8,000 Cumulative Estimate RO+NF 6,0000 Potential New MF&UF Cumulative 4,0000 Crypto outbreak Contract 2,0000 Installed Capacity (m 00 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 0 0 0 59 69 79 8 9 9 9 0 9 9 2 9 3 9 4 9 5 9 6 9 7 9 8 9 9 9 0 0 0 2 0 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 MF&UF Annual MembraneMembrane applicationsapplications -- ConventionalConventional & newnew technologiestechnologies : New membrane products ( ) : in R & D Water treatment processes Technical target Toray’s products Multi Stage Flush (MSF) RO membrane Low cost with high boron Single Stage removal SWRO (=High recovery) Conventional Sea- Drinking water water NF membrane for NF Multi stage flush (MSF) High quality scaling inhibition Desalination (Low boron conc.) New Brine conversion RO membrane NF Two-stage SWRO for brine conversion system Coagulation & Sand PAN hollow fiber ter Security a River Sedimentation Filter UF membrane Conv. Drinking conservation Lake ng w i water Ground Coagulation & MF/UF Removal of PVDF hollow fiber production New Sedimentation membrane cryptosporidium MF(UF) membrane Drink Activated PVDF MF/UF flat Sludge Sedimentation Discharge sheet membrane for Conv. Sewage ater High quality MBR & for reuse and Ind. MF/UF Membrane Low-fouling Drinking Low-fouling RO treatment reclamation Wastew New Bio-Reactor (MBR) RO water membrane Toray ’s Membranes & Applications 1. RO & NF Membrane Romembra 1) Seawater & Brackish Water Desalination 2) Ultra Pure Water Production 3) Harmful Material Removal TM * 4) Wastewater Reuse Product tube 2. PAN Hollow Fiber UF Membrane Brine seal Feed water Permeate Brine 1) Industrial Process Water Production Mesh spacer Feed water 2) Drinking Water Production Torayfil Permeate RO membrane TM Permeate carrier 3) Wastewater Reuse * 1078mm Φ114mm TorayToray’’ss MembranesMembranes && ApplicationsApplications 3. PVDF Hollow Fiber MF Membrane 8 inches Torayfil-F TM* 2m length 1) Drinking water production 2) Industrial process water production 3) Pre-treatment for seawater desalination 4) Wastewater reuse Element 4. PVDF Flat Sheet MF Membrane Permeate for MBR 1) Municipal and industrial wastewater treatment 2) Municipal and industrial wastewater reuse RORO MembranesMembranes && NFNF MembranesMembranes Structure of RO Membrane Element Feed Separation Membrane Crosslinked Aromatic Polyamide 0.2 μm Structure of Support MembraneRO Membrane Polysulfone 45μm Structure of RO Element Filtrate Substrate Polyester Taffta Structure of 150Composite Membrane Center Tube μm Brine Seal Feed Permeate Water Brine Feed Water Water Feed Water Spacer Permeate RO Membrane Permeate Spacer ApplicationApplication ofof RORO MembranesMembranes 1. Industrial Ultra Pure Water Industrial Process Water 3. Wastewater Pure Water for Boilers Recovery of Valuables Reuse & Food Industry Process Water Reclamation Industry RO Membranes Agriculture Indirect Drinking 2. Drinking Water Water Sea Water Desalination Brackish Water Desalination Water Production Cost ) 3 100 3 ) Sea Wat Desalination er 円/m ( (MSF) 50 Sea Wat ル造水コスト Desalination タ er (RO) トー Water Production Cost (yen/m 0 Wastewater Reu (MF + RO) se MSF (literature) Singapore Ground water Water Resource can be3 Chosen by Country Surface Water Water Resource136 ,can000 (bem /Chosend) (2001 )by Country Treatment (MF) Kuwait 310,000 (m3/d) (2004) Estimation 100,000 (m3/d) (2002) ProgressProgress ofof RORO SeawaterSeawater DesalinationDesalination PlantsPlants 1980‘s 1990‘s 2000‘s Recovery % 25 40 - 50 55 - 65 psig 1,000 1,200 1,400 Operational Pressure (MPa) (6.9) (8.25) (9.7) Product Water mg/l 500 300 <200 Quality (TDS) Energy kWh/kgal 45 21 17.4 Consumption (kWh/m3) (12) (5.5) (4.6) I. Moch, Pre-prints of ADA Conference in Lake Tahoe (2000) ProgressProgress ofof MembraneMembrane TechnologyTechnology RealizedRealized GoodGood QualityQuality && EnergyEnergy SavingSaving SeaSea WaterWater DesalinationDesalination RORO MembranesMembranes inin GlobalGlobal MarketMarket Module Type Supplier Product Material Morphology Toray SU-800 Dow/ SW-30 Filmtech Composite Spiral Crosslinked Koch/ Membrane TFCL-HP Aromatic Polyamide Fluidosystems Nitto Denko/ NTR-SWC Hydranautics Asymmetric Hollow Fiber Toyobo HOLLOSEP Cellulose Triacetate Membrane CrosslinkedCrosslinkedaaromaticromatic polyamide/spiralpolyamide/spiral modulemodule isis globalglobal standard.standard. ToyoboToyobo isis thethe onlyonly hollowhollow fiberfiber modulemodule supplier.supplier. DuPontDuPontwithdrewwithdrew fromfrom thethe hollowhollow fiberfiber RORO modulemodule businessbusiness inin MarchMarch 2001.2001. TechnologicalTechnological TrendsTrends ofof RO/NFRO/NF MembranesMembranes Operating Super low Ultra low Low High Ultra high Pressure Notes [MPa] 0.3 0.5 1.0 2.0 5.5 10.0 Recovery = 60% tg. High TDS removal s Pressure durability 2nd High boron removal SWRO Recovery = 40% High TDS removal N Co., D Co. High boron removal 1st stg. Cost reduction RO BW Low-fouling Lower pressure N Co., H Co. High TOC removal Reverse osmosis High quality pure Ultra water N Co. Cost reduction Low-fouling reuse D Co., N Co., H Co. water Cost reduction Waste ng r i e Toxic mat. removal t wa D Co., N Co. Cost reduction