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Rezumatul Tezei De Dr MINISTERUL EDUCA ȚIEI NA ȚIONALE UNIVERSITATEA „1 DECEMBRIE 1918” DIN ALBA IULIA FACULTATEA DE ISTORIE ȘI FILOLOGIE ȘCOALA DOCTORAL Ă DE ISTORIE DOCTORAL DISSERTATION SUMMARY BASILIAN MONKS IN ROMANIA SINCE THE 18 th CENTURY UP TO 1948: CULTURAL, SCIENTIFICAL, HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THEIR RELIGIOUS LIFE Director of Doctoral Studies: Prof. univ. dr. CORNEL AL. TATAY Doctoral Student: NICULAI VI ȘOVAN ALBA IULIA 2019 Contents Introduction ……………………………………………….........……………………..6 I. Uniatism in the 16th-17th century Romania, General Background: the Historical and Religious Context. Points of contact between Transylvanian Romanians and the Reformation. ..............................................................................44 I. 1. Spreading of the Reformation in Transylvania................................................44 I. 2. Lutheranism and the Romanians…………………………………………….51 I. 3. Calvinism and the Romanian Church………………………………………..55 I. 4. Annihilation of Monastic Life ……………………………..............….…….73 I. 5. The New Historical Context and beginnings of Uniatism in Transylvania after 1688 ……………………………………..............................…………….…........78 II. The Achieving of Uniatism in Transylvania (1697-1701). Organisation of Romanian Uniate Churce and Its Hyerarchs untill the Vicariate of Petru Pavel Aron. ………………………………………………………………................…........88 II. 1. Romanian Uniatism (1697-1701) and Uniate Councils………......………...88 II. 2. Organisation of Romanian Uniate Church under Bishop Atanasie Anghel.108 II. 3. The Romanian Uniate Church under Bishop Giurgiu Patachi (1715- 1727)…………………………………………………………………………….113 II. 4. The „Rationi Congruit” Bull of Pope Innocent XIII (1721) and the Foundation o f the Fagarash Uniate Bishoporic………………………………….119 II. 5. The Romanian Uniate Church under Bishop Inochentie Micu-Klein (1728- 1751)…………………………………………………………………………….124 III. The Romanian Uniate Church under the Vicariate of Petru Pavel Aron and under the Bishop Petru Pavel Aron. The Basilian Monastic Order and the Basilian Monasteries …………………………………….......................………….141 III. 1. The Romanian Uniate Church under the Vicariate of Petru Pavel Aron (1745-1751)…………………………………………………………….....…….141 III. 2. The Romanian Uniate Church under Bishop Petru Pavel Aron (1752- 1764)…................................................................................................................146 III. 3. Reflections on the Origin of Basilian Monasticism ……..........................154 III. 4. Holy Trinity Uniate Monastery at Blaj. The Opening of Schools at Holy Trinity Monastery, the Early Period. ……………..........…………...………......157 2 III. 5. The Annunciation Monastery: Its Foundation and the Foundation of the Annunciation Seminary at Blaj…………………………....…………...………..167 III. 6. Ancient Romanian Monasteries in Transylvania …...........................…...173 III. 6. 1. The Other Monasteries inTransylvania. Monasteries Rescued from Fire during the „Revolution” of Sofronie ……………………………....…..175 III. 6. 2. Monasteries destroyed by Bukow and by Fire, during the „Revolution” of Sofronie …………………………………………...…….....176 III. 7. Flourishing of the Basilian Order up until 1781 in the Holy Trinity and Annunciation Uniate Monasteries.........................................................................177 III. 7. 1. Monks ……………………………………………………....……...177 III. 7. 2. Monastery Superiors ………………………………………...……..184 III. 7. 3. Patrimony Administration………………………………….............186 III. 7. 4. Monastic Life. Its Renewal under Bishop Atanasie Rednic....…….188 IV. Basilian Monks in Romania: Cultural, Scientifical, Historical and Social Aspects of their Religious Life ……………………………………………………192 IV. 1. Statutes of the Basilian Order of St.Iozafat ……………………...............192 IV. 2. Educational Activities of the Monks..........................................................195 IV. 2. 1. Education under Bishop Petru Pavel Aron (1752-1764). School Activity of the Monks ……….............................................................….…...195 IV. 2. 2. Education under Bishop Atanasie Rednic (1765-1772). School Activity of the Monks …….........................................................…….……...196 IV. 2. 3. Education under Bishop Grigore Maior (1773-1782). School Activity of the Monks ……...................................................................................……199 IV. 2. 4. Romanian Uniate Schools under Bishop Ioan Bob (1784-1830) and School Activity of the Monks …..........................................................….......204 IV. 3. Development of the Uniate Press and Cultural-Scientifical Activity of the Monks....................................................................................................................207 IV. 3. 1. Development of the Uniate Press and Cultural-Scientifical Activity of the Monks under Bishop Petru Pavel Aron ………………....................…....207 IV. 3. 2. The Press at Blaj under Bishop Atanasie Rednic and the Cultural- Scientifical (Literary) Activity of the Monks …………………..........……...213 IV. 3. 3. The Press at Blaj under Bishop Grigore Maior and the Cultural- Scientifical (Literary) Activity of the Monks …………........................…….216 3 IV. 3. 4. The Press at Blaj under Bishop Ioan Bob and the Cultural-Scientifical (Literary) Activity of the Monks ………..............................................……..219 IV. 4. Monastic Activity in Church Institutions …..............................................222 IV. 5. Monastic Activity and the Building of Identity Discourse. Spiritual, Theological and Dogmatic Aspects of Uniatism……………....…………..........224 IV. 6. Monastic Activity in Defence of Uniatism………….....…………………230 IV. 7. Romanian Uniate Church and the Leaders of the Cultural and National Reneissance. The „ Școala Ardelean ă” [School of Transylvania] and the Work of Its Representatives................................................................................................237 IV. 7. 1. Historical Activity (Historical Discourse)…………………….........245 IV. 7. 2. Philological Activity (Linguistic Discourse) …………......…..........248 IV. 7. 3. Religious Activity (Theological Discourse) ………………….........250 IV. 7. 4. Literary Activity (Literary Discourse)……………………..............254 IV. 7. 5. Social and Political Activity (Socio-Political Discourse) ….….......255 V. Decline of the Basilian Order. Degrading of the Uniate Monastic Life. Restauration of Monasticism in the Romanian Uniate Church. …….................257 V. 1. Conflict of Bishop Grigore Maior with the Monks. Degradation of Monastic Life ……………………………………………………………….......................257 V. 2. Bishop Ioan Bob (1784-1830) and the Monks. The Leaders of the Cultural Renaissance and the Bishop Ioan Bob ……………………………….....………262 V. 3. Timotei Cipariu (Monastery Novice). From His Life and Work ................269 V. 4. The Diminishing of the Number of Monks …..................................……...275 V. 5. Life of the Order from 1830 till the foundation of the Metropolia (1853). From the Foundation of the Metropolia till 1937 (Aggregation of the Reformed Basilian Ordinul of St Iozafat) and then till 1948 …………………………...….278 V. 6. Restauration of Monasticism in the Romanian Uniate Church ...................291 V. 6. 1. Monasticism in the Romanian Uniate Church – Historial Precis…...292 V. 6. 2. Basilian Orders and Congregations in the Uniate Church..................295 V. 6. 3. The Romanian Province of the Basilian Order of St. Iozafat …........296 V. 6. 4. Restauration of Basilian Monasticism in the Romanian Uniate Church ...............................................................................................................……..299 V. 6. 4. 1. Recommendations of the Holy See regarding the Restauration of Monasticism .................................................................................... .299 4 V. 6. 4. 2 . Monastic Restauration Initiatives in the Romanian Uniate Church …………………………………………………………….…...300 CONCLUSIONS ……………………………………………………...…………….302 BIBLIOGRAPHY ……………………………………………...……………....…..321 Key Words: Reformation, Lutheranism, Calvinism, Church, Uniatism, Council, Bishop, Ardeal /Transylvania/, Vicariate, Monastery, Order, Basilian, Monk, Monasticism, Schools, Seminary, Education, Press, Activity, Restauration. Summary of Doctoral Dissertation Romanian Church History, and especially the Uniate Romanian Church History, have been marginalised domains under communism in Romania, (with the exception of some centers of the Romanian Exile abroad, such as München, Paris, Madrid etc.). That is why after 1989 it has been imperiously necessary to recuperate this domain of knowledge. The Romanian Church in Transylvania beginning with the XVIth century and then the Uniate Romanian Church beginning with the XVIIth – XVIIIth centuries have benefitted from a constant and generous interest from the part of a consistent number of historians from academic and university centers (History Faculties) such as Cluj-Napoca, Alba Iulia, Târgu Mure ş, Bucure ști. The topic of our doctoral dissertation is: Basilian Monks in Romania since the 18 th century up to 1948: Cultural, Scientifical, Historical and Social Aspects of their Religious Life We have chosen this very important theme , because the many-faceted activity (religious, cultural-scientifical, historico-social) of the Romanian Basilian monks is less known, and because now we are at a time when the historical uniate theology is striving to make up for lost time academically speaking. Thus in our work it is
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