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PP Summer 13.Indd Editor’s Reflections � The dream of every truly Christian parent To stand by a prisoner thus condemned and run the risk of ac- is to raise godly offspring—children who cusation took uncommon courage. Even Paul’s appreciative letter live wholeheartedly for Christ no matter naming Pudens and the others could have triggered accusation what the cost. This dream was fulfilled by and arrest, trial, and a similar fate. For Claudia, Eubulus, Linus the daughters of a father named Pudens. (who went on to become an overseer of the church of Rome and Pudens makes an undisputed appear- suffer eventual martyrdom), and Pudens to render such assis- ance in the New Testament, but he does tance put them at great risk. Obviously, they were great heroes of not figure prominently: a mere two words faith. Can we know anything at all about them? in Paul’s closing remarks to Timothy, “and Recently, we had the privilege to search through Rome, cull- Pudens,” in the second letter to Timothy ing data about Paul’s last days there and the Christians who stood 4:21, as the apostle ends this—his final— by him. My wife, the Rev. Dr. Aída Besançon Spencer, professor letter with greetings from those courageous enough to stand by of New Testament at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, was him in his last imprisonment. researching her two-volume commentary on the Pastoral Epis- Paul’s penultimate sentence reads like an honor roll: among a tles coming this autumn from Cascade’s New Covenant Com- group, he specifies three coworking men and one woman, “Eu- mentary series. What we learned about Pudens was fascinating: bulus and Pudens and Linus and Claudia.” His last words bless Rome has significant archaeological and traditional informa- Timothy and all the saints, “The Lord [be] with your spirit. Grace tion on Pudens and Claudia. Pudens was probably a senator. be with all of you (plural),” and Paul falls silent. We know that his A church was built over the home of Pudens and Claudia legal problems are increasing (2 Tim 4:6, 14, 16). Eventually, he will (now the Basilica of Santa Pudenziana1). They had used their be transferred to the dreaded cistern, a hole under the pavement in home for worship. Pudens was a member of the Acilii Glab- downtown Rome—the final incarceration of the condemned, in- riones family (probably related to Aquila). His sons (Novatus accessible except by lowering by rope. Into this cistern, seasonably, and Timotheus) ran thermal baths. Pudens married Claudia, the Tiber River overflows, flooding it and threatening to drown its who was British. After being captured by Emperor Claudius inmates. It is pitch dark, putrid, mildewed, filled with nothing but and sent to Rome, the family was set at liberty, eventually in- vermin and the hopeless moaning of the other condemned. troducing Christianity into Britain. According to a repeated Roman citizens like Paul await only a jerking up of the rope, a tradition, Peter lived in their house in AD 64.2 final summary transfer to the Appian Way on the outskirts of the city, and execution by beheading. Noncitizens like Peter, who was Is the Claudia mentioned in 2 Timothy the Claudia who married also imprisoned there, faced greater tortures, including crucifixion. Pudens? Aída notes the nineteenth-century scholar Sabine Baring- DISCLAIMER: Final selection of all material published by CBE in Priscilla Papers is entirely up to the discretion of the editor, consulting theologians, and CBE’s executive. Please note that each author is solely legally responsible for the content and the accuracy of facts, citations, references, and quotations rendered and prop- erly attributed in the article appearing under his or her name. Neither Christians for Biblical Equality, nor the editor, nor the editorial team is responsible or legally liable for any content or any statements made by any author, but the legal responsibility is solely that author’s once an article appears in print in Priscilla Papers. Editor • William David Spencer Associate Editor / Graphic Designer • Deb Beatty Mel Board of Reference: Miriam Adeney, Myron S. Augsburger, Book Review Editor • Aída Besançon Spencer Raymond J. Bakke, Anthony Campolo, Lois McKinney Douglas, Millard J. Erickson, Gordon D. Fee, Richard Foster, John R. Franke, President / Publisher • Mimi Haddad W. Ward Gasque, J. Lee Grady, Vernon Grounds, David Joel Hamilton, • Catherine Clark Kroeger† President Emerita Roberta Hestenes, Gretchen Gaebelein Hull, Donald Joy, Robbie Joy, Editors Emerita • Carol Thiessen† & Gretchen Gaebelein Hull Craig S. Keener, John R. Kohlenberger III, David Mains, Kari Torjesen On the Cover • “L’hémoroïsse” (The Woman with an Issue of Malcolm, Brenda Salter McNeil, Alvera Mickelsen, Virgil Olson, Blood) by James Tissot. Public domain via Wikimedia Commons, LaDonna Osborn, T. L. Osborn, John E. Phelan, Kay F. Rader, Paul from the online collection of the Brooklyn (NY) Museum. A. Rader, Ronald J. Sider, Aída Besançon Spencer, William David Spencer, Ruth A. Tucker, Mary Stewart Van Leeuwen, Timothy Weber, Jeanette S. G. Yep Priscilla Papers (issn 0898-753x) is published quarterly by Christians for Biblical Equality, © 2013. 122 West Franklin Avenue, Suite 218, Minneapolis, MN 55404-2451. For address changes and other information, phone: 612-872-6898; fax: 612-872-6891; or e-mail: [email protected]. CBE is on the Web at www.cbeinternational.org. Priscilla Papers is indexed by Christians for Biblical Equality, the Christian Periodical Index (CPI), American Theological Library Association’s (ATLA) New Testament Abstracts (NTA), and Religious & Theological Abstracts (R&TA). In addition, Priscilla Papers is licensed with EBSCO Publishing’s full-text informational library products. 2 • Priscilla Papers ◆ Vol. 27, No. 3 ◆ Summer 2013 Gould believed she was and championed this tradition, but, “in nation of the annunciation and Anna stories in Luke. Finally, contrast, other scholars conclude that the Claudia in 2 Tim 4:21 is Christine Cos reviews an interesting study of women exegetes in not this Claudia,” referring the reader to Theodore Zahn’s work. history, and our deeply moving poem is by the Cuban Christian Aída adds that Bishop Lightfoot “notes another tradition that con- poet Rosselyn Rodriguez Lalana. siders Pudens’ wife to be Sabinella and mentions a different mar- Faithful to the death, Pudens and his two daughters served the ried Pudens and Claudia in the imperial household.”3 From her Lord steadfastly and today remain an edifying example of what own examination of Paul’s language, Aída notices that Paul has one family can do. As a senator, Pudens was a man of privilege. presented these names in polysyndeton, a technique that connects He could have traded on that position of privilege, curried favor each one with a conjunction, thereby “treating each person” as “of with the emperor, found profitable marriages for his daughters, equal importance.”4 So, Claudia held the same status in Paul’s re- lived the safe and comfortable life, and been lost in memory. gard as the men, whether or not she and Pudens were married. Instead, he and his daughters after him chose the more dif- But, while the exact identity of this Claudia as Pudens’s wife ficult way—the way of sacrifice. As a result, his and his daughters’ may be disputed, who his two daughters were is less so, for both examples will last as long as does our faith on earth, that is, until of them had churches named for them. Aída explains: “After Jesus returns and all of us are gathered in the warm embrace of the her father Pudens, brother Novatus, and sister Pudentiana died, everlasting arms of our Savior at the marriage supper of the Lamb, Prassede used her wealth to build a church, where she concealed celebrating with our Lord eternally and with saints like Pudens many Christians persecuted by Emperor Antonius Pius. Pudens, and his wife and their two young brides of Christ. Pudentiana, and eventually Prassede died as Christian martyrs Blessings, and were buried in the cemetery of St. Priscilla.”5 Of these two churches, the standout among them is the Basilica (Church) of Saint Praxedes (or Prassede), which was already among the top Notes items of our must-see list of ancient sites, because it included the 1. Please note alternative spellings. The beautiful booklet of her famous mosaic of Bishop Theodora.6 church includes both spellings of her name, “Saint Pudenziana’s Basil- A beautiful 64-page booklet, full of color photographs and ica” on its cover, “St. Pudentiana’s Basilica” on its inside cover; Stephen Merola, Saint Pudenziana’s Basilica (Rome: St. Pudentiana’s Rectorate, detailed information produced by the church, confirms “St. n.d.). An alternative, skeptical view is presented by the entries “Pudens, Praxedes (Prassede) and St. Pudentiana were the daughters of St.” and “Pudentiana, St.,” in The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian the Roman senator Pudens of whom St. Paul talks in the Sec- Church, 2nd ed., ed. F. L. Cross, E. A. Livingstone (New York, NY: Ox- ond Letter to Timothy (4.21).” She and her sister worked together ford University Press, 1974), 1142, col. 1, arguing “There are no sufficient with an elder, appropriately named “Pastor.” The two sisters had grounds for identifying the Pudens of the NT with the Pudens (prob. a baptistery built into a worship area their father had constructed 3rd cent.) who gave his house on the Vicus Patricius (titulus Pudentis or ecclesia Pudentiana) to the Roman Church,” and “probably the cultus in the family home, and, when a hostile government began per- rests on the mistaken popular notion which supposed that the ‘ecclesia secuting Christians, Praxedes, the “young saint” and apparently Pudentiana’ in Rome, really the church of St.
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