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Mobilising Communities for Malaria Prevention and Control in Mozambique

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Mobilising Communities for Malaria Prevention and Control in Mozambique Learning Brief In focus: Malaria Prevention and Control Mobilising communities for malaria prevention and control in Mozambique Key Findings > Community volunteers have become the primary and preferred sources of information on malaria and have contributed to improved knowledge and increased demand for malaria diagnosis and treatment services. > The interpersonal communication participatory techniques, such as drama performances during malaria prevention sessions, which were used by community groups, proved to be appealing to the target audience, offering learning through entertainment. > Partnering with volunteers from existing community structures is an effective approach to reach a broad audience in rural communities with key messages on malaria prevention and control in Mozambique. This learning brief is part of a broader project documentation exercise; to read more and other lessons learnt, go to: http://www.malariaconsortium.org/projects/malaria-prevention-and-control-project Introduction Objectives Community engagement has been recognised as A key project objective was to build the capacity one of the key components for successful health of community-based structures to enable them interventions (Rifkin, 2014), including malaria to engage in behaviour change communication control (Whittaker & Smith, 2015). However, activities in relation to malaria prevention at in practice, community engagement has often the community level. The aim was to: played a marginal role within malaria control > Increase knowledge among families and and elimination programmes in the last 15 years communities concerning malaria, its (Whittaker & Smith, 2015). transmission and understanding that the In Mozambique, Health Promotion and Community mosquito is the only vector of malaria Involvement is one of the priority areas of the > Promote communities’ uptake of malaria National Malaria Control Programme (NMCP) to prevention methods, including the correct reduce malaria morbidity and mortality, in addition and consistent use of long lasting insecticidal to prevention, diagnosis and case management, mosquito nets, allowing indoor residual spraying monitoring and evaluation and systems in their homes, and uptake of intermittent strengthening. preventive treatment by pregnant women at Between 2011 and 2017, the Malaria Prevention antenatal care services and Control in Mozambique: Expansion for > Increase timely healthcare seeking at health Universal Access with Community Participation facilities or from trained community health project has been working with the NMCP in nine workers for the diagnosis and treatment for of the country’s 11 provinces to strengthen local those with signs and symptoms of malaria. capacity, with the ultimate objective of improving the knowledge and practices of the population Intervention in relation to malaria prevention and control at For sustainability purposes the project avoided community level. creating new structures. Instead the approach consisted of identifying existing community Community groups and volunteers play a key role groups and involving them in malaria prevention in improving the demand for health services, and and control. Activities started with the mapping bringing positive changes in individual health of community groups at the administrative and practices and social norms (Farnsworth et al, local level in each district, and building a database 2014). for the health district services on information Recognising the vital role of community structures concerning existing community organisations and such as health committees in generating their activities. community involvement and ownership of malaria The mapping exercise was followed by a prevention and control efforts, the project has community-based needs assessment which devoted a significant portion of its investment provided key information for Malaria Consortium to building capacity of these groups to develop to develop the processes, strategies, curricula, locally relevant malaria awareness, education materials and training tools for the project and mobilisation activities within their own consortium partners. They could then replicate communities. these in the roll-out of training packages in their Within the civil society consortium that own community groups. implemented this nationwide project, Malaria In the provinces of Nampula and Niassa, Malaria Consortium developed strategies and tools Consortium trained a total of 12,475 volunteers for community involvement and implemented from 548 community groups and equipped activities in two northern provinces among those them with a set of didactic materials to facilitate most affected by malaria, namely Nampula and community-level learning. These included a visual Niassa. flipchart and flash cards with key messages around malaria prevention and control. Samples of visual and educational materials produced and distributed by the project Training materials were developed taking into After the training, community volunteers worked account the specific characteristics and needs of with health centre staff and community leaders, the target groups, in particular the low levels of developing monthly plans and conducting education and literacy. community outreach and mobilisation activities In addition, the training applied principles of including lectures, theatre performances, home adult learning to make certain that trainees were visits, and community meetings in strategic actively involved in the learning process. To ensure locations including markets, churches and good interaction and the sharing of experiences, mosques. training methods and techniques included the use Community groups shared progress reports and of drama, role-playing, games, small group work discussed activities and challenges in monthly and visual tools. meetings with health staff, and also received Community group members worked on a voluntary quarterly support supervision visits from Malaria basis to strengthen local ownership. Trained Consortium field officers. volunteers were expected to integrate malaria awareness, education and mobilisation within their regular community-level activities, without receiving any monetary or in-kind incentives, apart from work and visibility materials including t- shirts, caps, pens, and a piece of 'capulana' (local cloth). Community group members in group work during a training session, Malema District, Nampula Province Community group volunteer discussing with her neighbours using the flipchart, Erati District, Nampula Province Results and lessons learnt in the last 12 months (COWI, 2012). Assessment reports and testimonies up until the writing Changes reported of this brief indicate an increase in knowledge A baseline study conducted in 2012 showed that in about malaria and some changes in the project two districts of Nampula province only 30 percent areas. Through regular monitoring activities, of people knew that the mosquito was the only health workers and community leaders reported vector of malaria, less than 30 percent knew at increased awareness among community members least two correct preventive measures and only 27 around malaria, prevention and treatment percent had been reached by malaria messages practices. They also noted some behavioural changes, in Effective participatory techniques particular better use of mosquito nets for malaria The participatory techniques of interpersonal prevention and a shift in care seeking from communication used by community volunteers, traditional healers to health centres. including theatre performances, songs and demonstrations during malaria prevention sessions, proved to be appealing to the target The work that the community does, audience as they were entertained and engaged or rather what we volunteers do, has while learning. The flipchart and flash cards, very good results. Nowadays people illustrated with pictorials and key messages sleep inside the mosquito net even translated into local languages, proved to be when they sleep outside the house, effective tools for exploring topics around people go to the hospital as soon as malaria prevention, control and treatment, they suspect it may be malaria. Also allowing community members to share ideas and in this community, mosquito nets are experiences while acquiring relevant knowledge no longer used for fishing. about malaria from community-level volunteers. (Community structure volunteer, Moreover, the use of participatory techniques Nacala Porto District, Nampula allowed trained volunteers to correct Province 2017) misconceptions and facilitate a process of consensus among participants on good malaria prevention and treatment practices. The flipchart was our teacher, our Before, when we were sick we used guide, even (if one) forgets about to say that it was a spell, not knowing the training, when you look at the anything, and ended up at the adivinha flipchart it gives an explanation as it (soothsayer). And because he is the comes with drawings and messages in adivinha (soothsayer), without failing, he writing ... Even the population liked it would accuse someone from the family because when the volunteer explained, for the problem, causing a problem he also had to show the pictures, and within the family, just because they did they liked that and understood it well. not know that malaria is due to the (Community structure volunteer, mosquito; but now they are discovering Ribáuè District, Nampula Province, that the disease was not caused by a 2017) spell, but by mosquito. (Focal
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