Grandcourt Quarry, East Winch, Norfolk V.2
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Grandcourt Quarry, East Winch, Norfolk Archaeological Evaluation Report January 2019 Client: Sibelco Ltd. Issue No: v.2 OAE Report No: 2268 NGR: TF 68991 16587 Grandcourt Quarry, East Winch, Norfolk v.2 Client Name: Sibelco Ltd. Document Title: Grandcourt Quarry, East Winch, Norfolk Document Type: Evaluation Report Report No: 2268 Grid Reference: TF 68991 16587 Planning Reference: N/A Site Code: ENF145371 Invoice Code: XNFGCQ18 Receiving Body: Norfolk Museum and Archaeology Service Accession No: NWHCM2018.360 CNF No: 48397 OASIS No: oxfordar3-335110 OA Document File Location: Y:\Norfolk\XNFGCQ18\Project Reports OA Graphics File Location: Y:\Norfolk\XNFGCQ18\Project Data\Graphics Issue No: 2 Date: January 2019 Prepared by: Malgorzata Kwiatkowska (Project Officer) Checked by: Nick Gilmour (Project Manager) Edited by: Lawrence Billington (PX Project Officer) Approved for Issue by: Paul Sporrey (Regional Manager) Signature: …………………………………………………………….. Disclaimer: This document has been prepared for the titled project or named part thereof and should not be relied upon or used for any other project without an independent check being carried out as to its suitability and prior written authority of Oxford Archaeology being obtained. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for the consequences of this document being used for a purpose other than the purposes for which it was commissioned. Any person/party using or relying on the document for such other purposes agrees and will by such use or reliance be taken to confirm their agreement to indemnify Oxford Archaeology for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Oxford Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability for this document to any party other than the person/party by whom it was commissioned. OA South OA East OA North Janus House 15 Trafalgar Way Mill 3 Osney Mead Bar Hill Moor Lane Mills Oxford Cambridge Moor Lane OX2 0ES CB23 8SQ Lancaster LA1 1QD t. +44 (0)1865 263 800 t. +44 (0)1223 850 500 t. +44 (0)1524 880 250 e. [email protected] w. oxfordarchaeology.com Oxford Archaeology is a registered Charity: No. 285627 ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd i 21 January 2019 Grandcourt Quarry, East Winch, Norfolk v.2 Grandcourt Quarry, East Winch, Norfolk Archaeological Evaluation Report Written by Malgorzata Kwiatkowska BA(Hons) MA. With contributions from Rona Booth BA PhD PCIfA, Martha Craven BA PCIfA, Carole Fletcher HND BA (Hons) ACIfA, Rachel Fosberry ACIfA, Hayley Foster BA MA PhD, Alice Lyons BA MA MCIfA, Denis Sami PhD and illustrations by Séverine Bézie BA(Hons) MA. Contents List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................................... v List of Plates ............................................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................................ v Summary ............................................................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................................................... viii 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Scope of work ................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Location, topography and geology ................................................................................................................. 1 1.3 Archaeological and historical background ...................................................................................................... 1 2 EVALUATION AIMS AND METHODOLOGY ............................................................... 4 2.1 Aims ............................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 4 3 RESULTS .................................................................................................................. 6 3.1 Introduction and presentation of results ........................................................................................................ 6 3.2 General soils and ground conditions .............................................................................................................. 6 3.3 General distribution of archaeological deposits.............................................................................................. 6 3.4 Trenches to the north of the initial development area ................................................................................... 6 3.5 Trenches to the east of the initial development area ..................................................................................... 9 3.6 Finds summary ............................................................................................................................................. 14 3.7 Environmental summary .............................................................................................................................. 15 4 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................... 16 4.1 Evaluation objectives and results ................................................................................................................. 16 4.2 Significance .................................................................................................................................................. 17 APPENDIX A TOPSOIL AND SUBSOIL DIMENSIONS ....................................................... 19 ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd iii 21 January 2019 Grandcourt Quarry, East Winch, Norfolk v.2 APPENDIX B CONTEXT INVENTORY .............................................................................. 20 APPENDIX C FINDS REPORTS ........................................................................................ 30 C.1 Metalwork ................................................................................................................................................... 30 C.2 Pottery ......................................................................................................................................................... 33 C.3 Non-Building Stone ...................................................................................................................................... 35 C.4 Flint .............................................................................................................................................................. 36 APPENDIX D ENVIRONMENTAL REPORTS ..................................................................... 38 D.1 Mammal bone ......................................................................................................................................... 38 D.2 Mollusca .................................................................................................................................................. 38 D.3 Environmental samples ........................................................................................................................... 38 APPENDIX E BIBLIOGRAPHY ......................................................................................... 41 APPENDIX F OASIS REPORT FORM ............................................................................... 43 ©Oxford Archaeology Ltd iv 21 January 2019 Grandcourt Quarry, East Winch, Norfolk v.2 List of Figures Fig. 1 Site location showing archaeological trenches (black) in development area outlined (red) Fig. 2 NHER data within the investigated area Fig. 3 Evaluation plan together with areas evaluated by NPS Archaeology in 2013 (Ames 2014) Fig. 4 Evaluation plan Fig. 5 Detail plan of Trenches 100 - 105 Fig. 6 Detail plan of Trenches 112 - 117 Fig. 7 Evaluation plan against aerial photography (after Palmer, 2011, original photo interpretation and mapping at 1:2500 level based on photographs at CUCAP, NMRC and Google Earth) Fig. 8 Evaluation plan against cropmarks/aerial survey recorded by the National Mapping Programme Fig. 9 Evaluation plan against geophysical results. Fig. 10 Selected sections List of Plates Plate 1 Trench 103, ditch 96, looking north-west Plate 2 Trench 104, with visible ditch 81, looking south Plate 3 Trench 105, looking north-east Plate 4 Trench 105, pit 90 and ditch terminus/post pit 88, from west Plate 5 Trench 113, looking north-east Plate 6 Trench 113, quarry pit 36 truncated by ditch 38, looking north-west Plate 7 Trench 116, ring ditch 50, looking south-west Plate 8 Trench 117, looking south Plate 9 Half of a silver penny (SF1), Danelaw imitation of Alfred Two-line type, from Trench 115 ditch 66 List of Tables Table 1 Quantity of finds by metal Table 2 Quantity of finds by context Table 3 Quantity of finds by artefact Table 4 Catalogue of silver artefact Table 5 Catalogue of CuA artefacts Table 6 Catalogue of Fe artefacts Table 7 The pottery quantified by Trench