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Contribución Al Conocimiento De La Parasitofauna De Rana Perezi Seqane, 1885 (Amphibia: Ranidae) De La Provincia De Ávila

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Contribución Al Conocimiento De La Parasitofauna De Rana Perezi Seqane, 1885 (Amphibia: Ranidae) De La Provincia De Ávila UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FARMACIA DEPARTAMENTO DE PARASITOLOGIA TESIS DOCTORAL CONTRIBUCIÓN AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LA PARASITOFAUNA DE RANA PEREZI SEQANE, 1885 (AMPHIBIA: RANIDAE) DE LA PROVINCIA DE ÁVILA M~ Sonsoles Jiménez Sánchez Madrid, Septiembre de 1997 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE FARMACIA DEPARTAMENTO DE PARASITOLOGÍA CONTRIBUCIÓN AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LA PARASITOFAUNA DE ¡<ANA PEREZI SEOANE, 1885 (AMPHIBIA: RANIDAE) DE LA PROVINCIA DE ÁVILA Memoria que presenta para optar al grado de Doctor en Fannacia la licenciada M~ Sonsoles Jiménez Sánchez. MADRID, SEPTIEMBRE DE 1997 DON ANTONIO R. MARTÍNEZ FERNÁNDEZ, CATEDRÁTICO Y DIRECTOR DEL DEPARTAMENTO DEPARASITOLOGIA DE LA FACULTAD DE FARMACIA DE LA U.C.M. CERTIFICA: Que la Licenciada en Farmacia M3 Sonsoles Jiménez Sánchez, ha realizado, bajo la dirección conjunta de los Profs. Drs. D. Luis Manuel Zapatero Ramos y Difa. Catalina Castaño Fernández, en este Departamento de Parasitología, la Memoria titulada CONTRIBUCIÓN AL CONOCIMIENTO DE LA PARASITOFAUNA DE ¡<ANA PEREZI SEOANE, 1885 (AMPHIBIA: RANIDAE) DE LA PROVINCIA DE AVILA. Y para que así conste, expido y firmo el presente en Madrid, a veintitrés de Septiembre de mil novecientos noventa y siete. ÍNDICE Indice 1. INTRODUCCIÓN .1 1.1. JUSTIFICACIÓN DEL TRABAJO 1 1.2. OBJETIVOS 1 2. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA 3 2.1. DESCRIPCION DEL Á1UÁ GEOGRÁFICA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN DEL HOSPEDADOR 3 2.1.1. SITUACIÓN, EXTENSIÓN YDIVISION 3 2.1.2. OLOGÍA, LITOLOGÍA Y EDAFOLOGIA 4 FISIOGRAFíA, GE 2.1.3. HIDROGRAFíA 4 2.1.4. CLIMATOLOGÍA 5 2.1.5. VEGETACION 5 2.2. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRAFICA DEL HOSPEDADOR 7 2.2.1. CLASE AMPHIBIA 7 2.2.2. ORDEN ANURA 15 2.2.3. Familia Ran¡dae 19 2.2.4. Subfamilia Ran¡nae 20 2.2.5. Género Rana 20 2.2.6. Especie Ranaperezí 21 2.3. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA DEL VECTOR 25 2.3.1. Familia Glossiphoniidae 25 2.3.1.1. Género Batracobdella 25 2.3.1.1.1. Especie Batracobdella algira 25 2.4. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE BACTERIAS 27 2.4.1. Familia Anaplasmataceae 27 2.4.1.1. Género Aegptianella 27 2.4.1.1.1. Especie Aegyptianella bacter!fera 28 2.4.1.1.2. EspecieAeg~ptianellaranarum 29 1 Parasitafauna de Rana perezi 2.5. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE PROTOZOOS 30 2.5.1. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRAFICA DE FLAGELADOS 37 2.5.1.1. Familia Retortamonadidae 39 2.5,1.1.1. Género Retortamonas 40 2.5.1.1.1.1. Especie Retortamonas dobellí 41 2.5.1.1.2. Género Chdomastix 42 2.5.1.1.2.1. Especie Chz.lomastix caulleryi 42 2.5.1.2. Familia Hexamitidae 42 2.5.1.2.1. Subfamilia Hexamitinae 43 2.5.1.2.1.1. Genero Hexamita 43 2.5.1.2.1.1.1. Especie Hexamíta intestínalís 44 2.5.1.2.1.2. Genero Sp¡ronucleus 44 2.5.1.2.1.2.1. Especie Sp¡ronucleus elegans 44 2.5.1.2.1.3. Género Brugerolleta 45 2.5.1.2.1.3.1. Especie Brugerolleta algonquinensis 45 2.5.1.2.2. Subfamilia Giardiinae 45 2.5.1.2.2.1. Género Octomítus 46 2.5.1.2.2.1.1. Especie Octomflus neglectus 46 2.5.1.2.2.2. Género Gíardía 46 2.5.1.2.2.2.1. Especie Giard¡aagílis 47 2.5.1.3. Familia Monoeercomonadidae 48 2.5.1.3.1. Subfamiia Monocercomonadinae 48 2.5.1.3.1.1. Género Monocercomonas 49 2.5.1.3.1.1. 1. Especie Monocercomonas maculatus 50 2.5.1.4. Familia Trichomonadidae 50 2.5.1.4.1. Subfamiia Trichomonadinae 51 2.5.1.4.1.1. Género Trichomitus 52 2.5.1.4.1.1.1. Especie Trichomnítus batrachorum 53 2.5.1.4.1.2. Género Tetratrichomonas 54 2.5.1.4.1.2. Especie Tetratrichomonasprowazeki 55 2.5.1.5. Familia Trypanosomat¡dae 55 2.5.1.5.1. Género Trypanosoma 56 2.5.1.5.1.1. Especie Trypanosoma rotatorium 57 2.5.1.5.1.2. Especie Trypanosomaloricatum 58 2.5.1.6. Incertaesedis 58 2.5.1.6.1. Género Rbizomastix 58 II Indice 2.5.2. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁnCA DE OPALINIDOS 59 2.5,2.1. Familia Opalinidae 60 2.5.2.1.1. Género Opalina 65 2.5.2.1.1.1. Especie Opalina ranarum 66 2.5.2.1.1.2. Especie Opalina obtrigona 67 2.5.2.1.2. Género Cepedea 67 2.5.2.1.2.1. Especie Cepedea dimidiata 68 2.5.3. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE AMERAS 69 2.5.3.1. Familia Entamoebidae 74 2.5.3.1.1. Género Entamoeba 74 2.5.3.1.1.1. Especie Entamoeba ranarum 75 2.5.3.2. Familia Hartmannellidae 75 2.5.3.2.1. Género Hartmannella 76 2.5.3.2.1.1. Especie Hartmannella vernqfonnis 76 2.5.3.3. Familia Acantbamoebidae 77 2.5.3.3.1. GéneroAcanthamoeba 77 2.5.3.4. Familia Vahlkampfiidae 78 2.5.3.4.1. Género Vahlkampfia 78 2.5.3.4.2. Género Naegleria 79 2.5.4. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE ESPOROZOOS 80 2.5.4.1. Familia E¡meriidae 85 2.5.4.1.1. Género Eimeria 85 2.5.4.1.1.1. Especie Eimeriaprevoti 86 2.5.4.2. Familia Lankesterellidae 87 2.5.4.2.1. Género Lankesterella 87 2.5.4.2.1.1. Especie Lankestere¡la minima 88 2.5.4.3. Familia Dact¡losomatidae 89 2.5.4.3.1. Género Dac!ylosoma 89 2.5.4.3.1.1. Especie Dactylosoma ranarum 90 2.5.5. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRAFICA DE CILIADOS 91 2.5.5.1. Familia Nyctotheridae 95 2.5.5.1.1. Género Nyctotheroides 96 2.5.5.1.1. Especie Nyctothero¡des cordiformis 96 m Parasitofauna de Rana perezi 2.5.5.2. Familia Balantidiidae 97 2.5.5.2.1. Género Balantidium 98 2 5.5.2.1. 1. Especie Balantidium duodení 99 2.5.5.2.1.2. Especie Balantid¡um entozoon 99 2.5.5.2.1.3. Especie Balantidium elongarum 100 2.5.5.3. Familia Trichodinidae 100 2.5.5.3.1. Género Trichodina 101 2.5.5.3.1.1. Especie Tr¡chod¡naranae 102 2.5.6. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE BLASTOCISTIS 103 2.5.6.1. Familia Blastocystidae 105 2.5.6.1.1. Género Blastocystis 105 2.6. REVISION BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE TREMATODOS 108 2.6.1. Familia Paramphistom¡dae 109 2.6.1.1. Subfamilia Diplodíscinae 109 2.6.1.1.1. Género Opisthodiscus 110 2.6.1.1 1.1. Especie Opisthodiscus nigrivasis 110 2.6.2. Familia Plagiorchiidae 111 2.6.2.1. Subfamilia Haematoloech¡nae 113 2.6.2.1.1. Género Haematoloechus 114 2.6 2 11.1. Especie Haematoloech-us variegatus 114 26.2.2 Subfamilia Cephalogoniminae 115 26.22.1. Género Cephalogonimus 116 2.6.2.2.1.1. Especie Cephalogonimus retusus 116 2.6.3. Familia Gorgodcridae 117 26.3.1 Género Gorgodera 118 2631.1. Especie Gorgoderaamplicava 118 2.6 3 2. Género Gorgoderma 119 2.6.3.2.1. Especie Gorgoderina vitelliloba 120 2.6.4. Familia Telorchiidae 120 2.6 4 1 Subfamiia Opisthioglypbinae 121 2.6 4 11. Género Opisthioglyphe 122 2.6.4.1.1. Especie Opisthioglyphe endoloba 122 Iv Indice 2.7. REVISIóN BIBLIOGRÁFICA DE NEMATODOS 124 2.7.1. Familia Cosmocerc¡dae 125 2.7.1.1. Subfamilia Cosmocercinse 126 2.7.1.1.1. Género Cosmocerca 127 2.7.1.1.1.1. Especie Cosmocerca ornata 127 2,7.2. Familia Rhabdiasidae 129 2.7.2.1. Género Rhabdias 129 2.7.2.1. Especie Rizabdias bufonis 131 2.7.3. Familia Onchocercidae 132 2.7.3.1. Subfaniilia ícusiell¡nae 133 2.7.3.1.1. Género Icosiella 134 2.7.3.1.1.1. Especie Icosiella neglecta 134 2.7.4. Familia Trichuridae 136 2.7.4.1. Subfamiia Capillariinae 136 2.7.4.1.1. Género CapuJaría 139 2.7.4.1. 1. Especie Capillaria costacruzí 140 3. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS 141 3.1. HOSPEDADOR 141 3.1.1. Capturaytransporte 141 3.1.2. Mantenimiento en el laboratorio 142 3.2. MATERIAL DE LABORATORIO 142 3.3. TECNICAS PABASITOLÓGICAS 142 3.3.1. Necropsia y recogida del material 142 3.3.2. Estudio de los protozoos 143 3.3.2.1. Observaciones en fresco 143 3.3.2.2. Técnicas de tinción 143 3.3.2.3. Técnicas de cultivo 145 3.3.3. Estudio de los trematodos 147 3.3.3.1. Recogida de trematodos 147 3.3.3.2. Fijación y conservacton 147 3.3.3.3. Tinciónymontaje 147 3.3.4. Estudio de los nematodos 148 3.3.4.1. Recogida de trematodos 148 3.3.4.2. Fijación y conservacion 148 3.3.4.3. Aclarado y montaje 148 3.4. MEDICIONES Y CALIBRADO 149 3.5. ANALISIS ESTADÍSTICO 150 y Parasitafauna de Reina perezz 4. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN 151 4.1. RESULTADOS Y DISCLISION DE BACTERIAS 153 4.1.1. GENERALIDADES 153 4.1.2. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS BACTERIAS ENCONTRADAS 155 4.1.2.1. Aegyptianella bacterifera 155 4.1.2.2. Aegyptianellaranarum 156 4.2. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN DE PROTOZOOS 158 4.2.1. GENERALIDADES 158 4.2.2. DESCRIPCIÓN DE LOS PROTOZOOS ENCONTRADOS 162 4.2.2.1. Retortamonas dobellí 162 4.2.2.2. Chílomastix caulleryi 164 4.2.2.3. Hexamíta íntest¡nahs 166 4.2.2.4. Spironucleuselegans 167 4 2.2.5. Brugerolleia algonquinensis 168 4.2.2.6. Octomitus neglectus 170 4.2.2.7.
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