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Higher Education in Southeast Asia and Beyond Mci (P)Mci 030/05/2020 APR 2021 | ISSUE 10 HIGHER EDUCATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND BEYOND MCI (P) 030/05/2020 MCI (P) THE COMMEMORATIVE 10TH ISSUE Editor’s Message In this commemorative tenth edition of Higher Education in Southeast internationally — initially within ASEAN standards but eventually with Asia and Beyond (HESB), we have invited leading researchers and global standards — with an increasing number of joint programmes policymakers to share their insights and analysis of the future and transnational programmes offered and delivered by Philippine development of higher education in each of the 11 Southeast Asian higher education institutions. countries. Each of their articles is accompanied by a profile of each In the context of the pandemic, Adrian W. J. Kuah and Katrina Tan country by Zane Kheir, which takes stock of the state of higher reflect on how the National University of Singapore has seen the education hitherto in those countries. opening of more access routes to learning, a greater focus on student Masitah Shahrill and Joanna Yacob look at access to higher education engagement and motivation, a higher level of trust and reliance on self- and lifelong learning, and the development of the future workforce in directed learning, and the provision of space and time for students to Brunei, in the context of “Wawasan Brunei 2035” (Brunei Vision 2035), explore their interests outside the curriculum. the aspirational forefront of the country’s national strategy. Prompilai Buasuwan argues that the success of higher education Say Sok and Rinna Bunry consider how Cambodia has no choice but institutions in promoting the creative and innovative society of the to invest in its most valuable natural resource — its people — and how Thailand 4.0 policy will require socio-cultural and institutional higher education development holds the key, given the country’s tragic transformation. history. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), in reflecting on In Indonesia, where many of the objectives and operations of many its 20 years of supporting Timor-Leste’s national development, shares higher education institutions are spread thinly across different how it is helping to nurture human resource to lead the future of the missions, Satryo Soemantri Brodjonegoro argues that mission region’s youngest nation, such as through teacher training at the differentiation should provide a better investment plan. National University of Timor-Leste. Nanludet Moxom and Richard Noonan note that although quality Thanh Pham looks at three important trends that higher education assurance practices have been helpful for Laos’s Ministry of Education in Vietnam should take into consideration for both short- and long- and its higher education institutions, the latter’s quality assurance term development plans — the digitalisation of higher education, how systems have not been very effective or fully functional. selective it is with “borrowed” values and practices, and how it should actively reach out to the world. Morshidi Sirat and Abdul Razak Ahmad argue that Malaysia needs a reset, introducing a framework and trajectory for higher education In his overview, Philip G. Altbach argues that rather than focusing on which is more robust and in tune with regional and global co-existence, elements that unite the region, it is worth reflecting on what divides exhibiting a high degree of resilience, and with clarity on the role of the it, and discusses if there are any points of constructive regional state vis-à-vis universities. collaboration for higher education. While investment into the education sector seeks to promote the Finally, this special issue of HESB includes a collection of the latest development of more autonomous higher education institutions available data on higher education across the 11 countries of Southeast in Myanmar, Maitrii Aung-Thwin argues that stakeholders should Asia — on the gross enrolment rate, the number of higher education consider balancing these initiatives by contributing to the development institutions, tuition fees, higher education spending as a percentage of of state educational infrastructure and institutions, thereby ensuring GDP, and number of foreign students — which will make for a useful that education reform will be more sustainable as Myanmar continues reference point for researchers, policymakers and the public alike. its multi-sector transformation. We invite you to consider contributing to future issues and be part of Roger Y. Chao, Jr and Lorraine Pe Symaco envisage Philippine higher the conversations and debates on higher education in Southeast Asia education in the next few decades to be increasingly benchmarked and beyond. HESB APR 2021 01 HESB COMMEMORATIVE ISSUE 10 | APRIL 2021 Brunei Darussalam Laos State of ZANE KHEIR ZANE KHEIR the Region 12 36 Envisioning the Higher Education Consultant Editors Developments and in Lao PDR: S. GOPINATHAN Trajectories on the Future Challenges and Direction Academic Advisor, The HEAD Foundation of Higher Education in NANLUDET MOXOM & RICHARD NOONAN Brunei Darussalam PHILIP G. ALTBACH 40 Research Professor and MASITAH SHAHRILL & JOANNA YACOB SG Indonesia Laos Brunei Myanmar Malaysia Vietnam Thailand Cambodia Philippines Distinguished Fellow, merlion jakarta Patuxai Victory Billionth Barrel Independence twin Da Lat Bangkok Phnom Penh Manilla national Monument Monument monument towers Golden Buddha Pagoda Democracy Independence Rizal Monument Center for International 15 monument Monument monument Higher Education, Boston College The Philippines Thailand Vietnam Malaysia ZANE KHEIR ZANE KHEIR ZANE KHEIR Editor ZANE KHEIR LOKE HOE YEONG Cambodia 62 77 92 ZANE KHEIR 44 Editorial Manager THAVAMALAR BALAKRISHNAN 20 Higher Education Rethinking Higher Building on Existing Malaysia’s Higher in the Philippines: Education in Thailand Resources and Traditional Education: Tumbled Out of Prospects and Challenges for Thailand 4.0: Values as a Development Potential Scenarios of its Trajectory? Editor's Message ROGER Y. CHAO, JR & Developing a Strategy for Vietnamese Cambodian (Public) MORSHIDI SIRAT & ABDUL RAZAK AHMAD LORRAINE PE SYMACO Creative Economy Higher Education Higher Education in 2040 01 PROMPILAI BUASUWAN THANH PHAM SAY SOK & RINNA BUNRY 48 66 81 96 Looking Back to 23 Look Ahead – Myanmar Singapore A HESB Retrospective ZANE KHEIR ZANE KHEIR Overview Indonesia Timor-Leste 04 54 71 ZANE KHEIR The Myth – and the ZANE KHEIR Promise – of Southeast 28 85 Asian Higher Education A Platform for the Future Myanmar Education Whither the University? PHILIP G. ALTBACH of Southeast Asian Reform: Balancing Private ADRIAN W. J. KUAH & KATRINA TAN 20 Years of Supporting Higher Education – Building the Future and Public Partnerships 100 Timor-Leste’s National The Genesis of HESB Through Higher Education 74 MAITRII AUNG-THWIN Development: Nurturing 2020-2024 In Conversation with 58 Human Resources to Lead S. Gopinathan SATRYO SOEMANTRI BRODJONEGORO the Future 07 32 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) 89 02 HESB APR 2021 HESB APR 2021 03 Looking Back to Look Ahead An HESB Retrospective Issue 2 Issue 4 Issue 6 JUNE 2017 JULY 2018 SEPTEMBER 2019 This issue discusses ASEAN’s This issue discusses In this issue, we feature keynotes role in regional integration, the internationalisation in higher from the 6th Global Higher political framework of Southeast education in the region and Education Forum. Education Asia, and the higher education beyond. We dive deep into the hubs in Southeast and West Asia initiatives that arise from these varying responses of universities examine the consequences of frameworks. Further, we look to the growing trend, with some reforming higher education and at the evolving cultural mission nations pushing back against research, while Taiwan looks at of elite East Asian universities, it as a “neo-liberal agenda of reforming its higher education and Southeast Asian university the West”, while others see it governance. governance reforms and as a way to share indigenous autonomy alongside global neo- knowledge and culture beyond liberalism. borders. Issue 1 Issue 3 Issue 5 JULY 2016 JANUARY 2018 FEBRUARY 2019 The inaugural issue of HESB This issue questions the role of In this issue, we observe the role looks at higher education universities and critical thinking of leadership and management reform in the region, following in the world today, alongside in higher education, and its trends of internationalisation growing economism in higher quality assurance in the face of and massification. It also looks education institutions. We massification. We discover how the at how governance, financing, discuss lessons learnt from the Tokyo Convention has harmonised and university autonomy affect California Master Plan in higher different quality assurance systems the pace of change in higher education, and the state of in higher education. We also delve education, and how policy Hong Kong’s higher education into the status of higher education makers can make effective landscape 20 years after in various Southeast Asian nations change. handover to China. amidst economic and political transitions and reforms. 04 HESB APR 2021 HESB APR 2021 05 Want to read our past issues? Scan the QR code or visit www.headfoundation.org/head-library/hesb A Platform for the Future of Southeast Asian Higher Education Issue 8 The Genesis of HESB JUNE 2020 In Conversation with S. Gopinathan In this special issue, we look at the impact of COVID-19 on higher education institutes, and the HESB Editor Loke
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