Chapter 3 Existing Conditions
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NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-19 Status Review for Klamath Mountains Province Steelhead
NOAA-NWFSC-19 U.S. Dept Commerce/NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC/Publications NOAA-NWFSC Tech Memo-19: Status Review for Klamath Mountains Province Steelhead NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-19 Status Review for Klamath Mountains Province Steelhead Peggy J. Busby, Thomas C. Wainwright, and Robin S. Waples National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Fisheries Science Center Coast Zone and Estuarine Studies Division 2725 Montlake Blvd. E. Seattle WA 98112-2097 December 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Ronald H. Brown, Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration D. James Baker, Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service Rolland A. Schmitten, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries CONTENTS Summary Acknowledgments http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/pubs/tm/tm19/tm19.html (1 of 14) [4/9/2000 9:41:49 AM] NOAA-NWFSC-19 Introduction Scope of Present Status Review Key Questions in ESA Evaluations The "Species" Question Hatchery Fish and Natural Fish Thresholds for Threatened or Endangered Status Summary of Information Relating to the Species Question Environmental Features Ecoregions and Zoogeography Klamath Mountains Geological Province California Current System In-Stream Water Temperature Life History Anadromy-Nonanadromy Steelhead Run-Types Age Structure Half-Pounders Oceanic Migration Patterns Straying History of Hatchery Stocks and Outplantings Steelhead Hatcheries Oregon Hatchery Stocks California Hatchery Stocks Population Genetic Structure Previous Studies New Data Discussion and Conclusions on the Species Question Reproductive Isolation Ecological/Genetic -
Appendix L: Design Guidelines: I-5 NCC Project
Appendix L: Design Guidelines: I-5 NCC Project Appendix L: Design Guidelines: I-5 NCC Project I-5 North Coast Corridor Project Final EIR/EIS page L-1 Appendix L: Design Guidelines: I-5 NCC Project I-5 North Coast Corridor Project Final EIR/EIS page L-2 Design Guidelines Interstate 5 North Coast Corridor Project September 2013 Prepared by: Caltrans District 11 | T.Y. Lin International | Safdie Rabines Architects | Estrada Land Planning Interstate 5 North Coast Corridor Project – Design Guidelines Design Guidelines Interstate 5 North Coast Corridor Project Prepared by: Caltrans District 11 4050 Taylor Street San Diego, CA 92110 T.Y. Lin International 404 Camino del Rio South, Suite 700 San Diego, CA 92108 | 619.692.1920 Safdie Rabines Architects 925 Ft. Stockton Drive San Diego, CA 92123 | 619.297.6153 Estrada Land Planning 755 Broadway Circle, Suite 300 San Diego, CA 92101 | 619.236.0143 Interstate 5 North Coast Corridor Project – Design Guidelines Interstate 5 North Coast Corridor Project – Design Guidelines Table of Contents Design Guidelines Interstate 5 North Coast Corridor Project Table of Contents I. Project Background D. Design Themes....................17 vi. Typical Freeway Undercrossing. 36 vii. Typical Bridge Details. 37 A. Introduction....................1 i. Corridor Theme Elements. 17 ii. Corridor Theme Priorities. 19 - Southern Bluff Theme....................38 B. Purpose.......................1 - Coastal Mesa Theme.....................39 iii. Corridor Theme Units. 20 C. Components & Products. 1 - Northern Urban Theme. 40 - Southern Bluff Theme....................21 D. The Proposed Project. 2 - Coastal Mesa Theme.....................22 B. Walls.............................41 E. Previous Relevant Documents. 3 - Northern Urban Theme. 23 i. Theme Unit Specific Wall Concepts. -
Route Map 5 Ä H339 Æ
ASTORIA Oregon Department of Transportation Warrenton H104 Svensen Approved routes for Mayger 30 Westport ¤£ Clatskanie Æ 101 Olney Ä Rainier ¤£ H105 Triples Combinations. Æ Gearhart C L A T S O PÄ 47 Prescott SEASIDE Goble H332 202 Mist 73300 Movement is authorized 395 Umapine Necanicum Cold ¤£2 Jewell ¤£ Springs Jct. C O L U M B I A Æ Ä MP 9.76 Umatilla Jct. Milton-Freewater Flora Ä Æ Æ Cannon Beach Route Map 5 Ä H339 Æ H103 Pittsburg Irrigon Ä only under authority of an Columbia City Æ Over-Dimension Permit Unit Ä Elsie 47 730 Holdman 53 ST. HELENS ¤£ Helix 11 Vernonia Boardman 0 207 26 7 30 82 Athena Æ ¤£ Ä Over-Dimension Permit. ¤£ Revised March 2020 HERMISTON 3 ¨¦§ H Heppner Jct. Æ Ä H334 Weston Scappoose Stanfield 3 Nehalem 3 Adams 204 Manzanita HOOD Permission not granted to 5 RIVER cross RR crossing at MP 102.40 30 37 Æ 84 30 Echo Ä Wheeler Buxton £ in Hood River 84 ¤£ Arlington H W A L L O W A ¤ 3 Cascade ¨¦§ Biggs § MP 13.22 ¨¦ 26 Locks Jct. Rufus 3 Æ Rockaway Celilo Blalock Ä H320 1 Æ T I L L A M O O K ¤£ Mosier Ä 82 Beach Banks North H281 PENDLETON Plains PORTLAND Æ Ä Minam Imnaha Odell Wallowa Æ Ä 74 Garibaldi Wasco 207 W A S H I N G T O N The Elgin . Bay City Troutdale Multnomah Æ CorneliusÄ Fairview Dalles t Forest HILLSBORO H O O D H282 206 i 6 Grove Falls G I L L I A M Wood 84 Oceanside Beaverton R I V E R U M A T I L L A Summerville m H131 Village Ione r 8 ¨¦§ Lostine Æ Parkdale 197 Ä Gresham Moro 0 e Tillamook M U L T N O M A H MP 83.00 ¤£ 30 Imbler 5 Netarts ENTERPRISE Æ Ä Pilot 3 Æ Ä £ Æ Ä ¤ p Æ Ä Rock H Gaston Tigard -
Last Link of I-90 Ends 30-Year Saga by Peggy Reynolds, Seattle Times, 9 Sept 1993
Last Link Of I-90 Ends 30-Year Saga By Peggy Reynolds, Seattle Times, 9 Sept 1993 Erica Clibborn's red convertible will be one of the first cars Sunday across the new Lacey V. Murrow Floating Bridge, last link in a project that started before Erica was born. The University of Washington junior, who will be going home to Mercer Island for Sunday dinner, was born in 1973, the year a federal court sent the Seattle-area stretch of Interstate 90 back to square one. By then, I-90 already reached most of the 3,063 miles from Boston to south Bellevue, and the final major segment had been in the works for 10 years. It would be another 20 years before that last 7 miles would be finished. That completion will be marked this weekend with an array of public events, and Clibborn and other drivers should be able to go across the eastbound span by 5 p.m. Sunday. That opening means that I-90 survived the anti-government sentiment of the late 1960s, the mass-transit worship of the '70s and the budget cutbacks of the '80s - even while other urban interstate projects were biting the dust in New York, Chicago, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Washington, San Francisco and Portland. Nevertheless, whether or not I-90 was really needed was subject to debate at all levels. It attracted a formidable enemies list, and was rescued regularly by a cast of hundreds. Without any one of its friends in local governments, on the state Transportation Commission, in the Legislature and in Congress, I-90 could have ended in south Bellevue instead of making it to its junction with Interstate 5 in Seattle. -
I-90 Tolling Update
I-90 Tolling Update John White Director of Tolled Corridors Development Paula Hammond Steve Reinmuth Secretary of Transportation Chief of Staff Seattle City Council January 28, 2012 I-90 is part of the Cross-Lake Washington Corridor • Represents two major east-west “Cross- Lake” travel corridors: I-90 and SR 520. • WSDOT is tolling SR 520 as part of a multi- faceted financing strategy to help generate enough revenue to fund replacement of the structurally-vulnerable bridge. • A new 520 bridge will give Cross-Lake WA travelers a safer, more reliable trip. 2 Funding for the SR 520 Program Construction Unfunded Program cost estimate (Oct. 2012): $4.13 billion What’s funded: $2.72 billion (includes sales tax deferral) • Pontoon construction in Grays Harbor. • The floating bridge and landings. • Eastside transit and HOV improvements. • The north half of the west approach bridge. Updated November 2012 Costs and Funding for Replacing SR 520 Bridge SR 520 program cost estimate $4.128 B Funding received to date $2.724 B State and local funding (Nickel and TPA) $0.55 B Federal funding $0.12 B SR 520 Account (tolling and future federal funds) $1.91 B Toll proceeds • TIFIA $300M • Triple pledge bonds $550M • First tier toll $159M • PAYGO $74M Federal proceeds • GARVEE $825M Deferred sales tax $0.14 B Unfunded need $1.404 B Program cost estimate based on 2012 CEVP - updated 10/25/12 4 Early Indicators of 520 Toll Success • Meeting or beating traffic forecasts. • Meeting revenue forecasts. • Most people are paying with Good To Go! accounts. – More than 384,000 active Good To Go! accounts. -
I-15 Corridor System Master Plan Update 2017
CALIFORNIA NEVADA ARIZONA UTAH I-15 CORRIDOR SYSTEM MASTER PLAN UPDATE 2017 MARCH 2017 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The I-15 Corridor System Master Plan (Master Plan) is a commerce, port authorities, departments of aviation, freight product of the hard work and commitment of each of the and passenger rail authorities, freight transportation services, I-15 Mobility Alliance (Alliance) partner organizations and providers of public transportation services, environmental their dedicated staff. and natural resource agencies, and others. Individuals within the four states and beyond are investing Their efforts are a testament of outstanding partnership and their time and resources to keep this economic artery a true spirit of collaboration, without which this Master Plan of the West flowing. The Alliance partners come from could not have succeeded. state and local transportation agencies, local and interstate I-15 MOBILITY ALLIANCE PARTNERS American Magline Group City of Orem Authority Amtrak City of Provo Millard County Arizona Commerce Authority City of Rancho Cucamonga Mohave County Arizona Department of Transportation City of South Salt Lake Mountainland Association of Arizona Game and Fish Department City of St. George Governments Bear River Association of Governments Clark County Department of Aviation National Park Service - Lake Mead National Recreation Area BNSF Railway Clark County Public Works Nellis Air Force Base Box Elder County Community Planners Advisory Nevada Army National Guard Brookings Mountain West Committee on Transportation County -
The History of the ILLINOIS RIVER and the Decline of a NATIVE SPECIES by Paige A
The history of the ILLINOIS RIVER and the decline of a NATIVE SPECIES BY PAIGE A. METTLER-CHERRY AND MARIAN SMITH 34 | The Confluence | Fall 2009 A very important advantage, and one which some, perhaps, will find it hard to credit, is that we could easily go to Florida in boats, and by a very good navigation. There would be but one canal to make … Louis Joliet, 1674, making the earliest known proposal to alter the Illinois River (Hurlbut 1881) Emiquon National Wildlife Refuge as it appears today. The corn and soybean fields (see page 38) have been replaced by the reappearance of Thompson and Flag lakes. The refuge already teems with wildlife, including many species of migrating waterfowl, wading birds, deer, and re-introduced native fish species. (Photo: Courtesy of the author) Fall 2009 | The Confluence | 35 Large river ecosystems are perhaps the most modified systems in The lower Illinois Valley is much older than the upper and has the world, with nearly all of the world’s 79 large river ecosystems been glaciated several times. The Illinoisan ice sheet covered much altered by human activities (Sparks 1995). In North America, of Illinois, stopping 19.9 miles north of the Ohio River. The effects the Illinois River floodplain has been extensively modified and of the glacier are easily seen when comparing the flat agricultural the flood pulse, or annual flood regime, of the river is distorted fields of central and northern Illinois, which the glacier covered, as a result of human activity (Sparks, Nelson, and Yin 1998). to the Shawnee Hills of southern Illinois, where the glacier did Although many view flooding as an unwanted destructive force of not reach. -
Idaho Transpo Rtation De Partm
IDAHO TRANSPORTATION DEPARTMENT TRANSPORTATION IDAHO RP 226 Assessing Feasibility of Mitigating Barn Owl-Vehicle Collisions in Southern RESEARCH REPORT RESEARCH Idaho By Jim Belthoff, Erin Arnold, Tempe Regan Boise State University Tiffany Allen, Angela Kociolek Western Transportation Institute Prepared for Idaho Transportation Department Research Program, Contracting Services Division of Engineering Services http://itd.idaho.gov/highways/research/ November 2015 Standard Disclaimer This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Idaho Transportation Department and the United States Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The State of Idaho and the United States Government assume no liability of its contents or use thereof. The contents of this report reflect the view of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official policies of the Idaho Transportation Department or the United States Department of Transportation. The State of Idaho and the United States Government do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear herein only because they are considered essential to the object of this document. This report does not constitute a standard, specification or regulation. 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-ID-15-226 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Assessing feasibility of mitigating barn owl-vehicle collisions in southern Idaho December 2015 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Jim Belthoff, Erin Arnold, Tempe Regan, Tiffany Allen, and Angela Kociolek 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. -
Interstate 5 Corridor Improvements
Soundwall construction on northbound I-5, Santa Fe Springs, CA. New abutment for the Alondra Blvd. Bridge in Santa Fe Springs. Construction for the new southbound I-5 o-ramp at Imperial Hwy./Pioneer Blvd. in Norwalk. About the Santa Ana Freeway The Interstate 5 Corridor (Interstate 5) South Corridor Interstate 5 Improvement Projects OF TRAN T SP Improvement Projects EN O Interstate 5 in California is a vital north/south artery R M T T A R T A I O P for the travelling public and it is one of the state’s most E N D Six I-5 South Corridor Improvement Projects, extending U A heavily-used corridors to move goods and services N I C T I Corridor E R 6.7 miles between the Los Angeles County/Orange D E M ST A between the borders of Mexico and Canada. County line to the San Gabriel River Freeway (Interstate ATES OF 605), are identied by their location at Valley View Avenue, Improvements The California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Alondra Boulevard, Carmenita Road, Rosecrans Avenue, District 7, serving Los Angeles and Ventura counties, Imperial Highway and Florence Avenue in the cities of I-5 Corridor Improvement Partners and its regional partners, the Los Angeles County La Mirada, Santa Fe Springs, Norwalk and Downey. South Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) and the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), are A $1.6 billion investment on the Santa Ana Freeway investing approximately $3 billion in several Interstate includes widening the roadway to add one High I-5 HOV/Florence Avenue Interchange 5 Corridor Improvement Projects, funded through a Occupancy Vehicle (HOV), or carpool lane, and one combination of federal, state and local resources. -
Preliminary Survey of the Geology and Mineral Resources of Curry County, Oregon by G
VOLUMB2 NUMBBR2 OCTOBBR, 1916 THE MINERAL RESOURCES OF OREGON PaLiiJLed MontLiy By The Oregon Bureau of Mines and Geology I I ( --N--j j_.-- A A Sketch Map Showtna Location of Curry County 1 Preliminary Survey of the Geology and Mineral Resources of Curry County, Oregon By G. M. BUTLER and G. J. MITCHELL 136 Pages 41 ruustrationa Entered u -ond olaae matter at Corva.llia, Ore. on Feb. 10, 1Gl4, according to the Act of Auc. 24, 1Gl2. OREGON BUREAU OF MINES AND GEOLOGY COMMISSION Onicm or mm Co10<188IoN AND EXHIBIT OREGON BUILDING, PORTLAND, OREGON Orne• or THB DIBECTOB CORVALLIS, OREGON J AIUIII WITBYCOIIBJD, Governor HIDNllr M. P ABU, Director COMMISSION ABTHUB M. SWARTLEY, Mininc Engineer H. N. LAWBIB, Portland IRA A. WILLIAMS, Geologist W. C. FELLows, Sumpter J. F. REDDY, Medford J. L. WooD, Albany R. M. Bll'l"l''l, Cornuoopia P. L. CAI<PBELL, Eugene W. J . KBBB, Corvallis \. Volume 2 Number 2 October Issue of th e MINERAL RESOURCES OF OREGON Published by The Oregon Bureau of Mines and Geology CONTAINING Preliminary Survey of the Geology and Mineral Resources of Curry County, Oregon By G. M. BUTLER and G. ). MITCHELL 136 Pages 41 Illustrations 1916 ~~ \.__,. J ANNOUNCEMENT The present (October) issue of the Mineral Re sources of Oregon constitutes the second num ber for the year 1916. It treats of the resources of a section of the state concerning which there has been heretofore but little information avail able. Two more issues of this journal will be pub lished in the present year. -
North on Interstate 5 Over the Grapevine Past Lebec. Take Hwy
P. O. BOX 36, CALIENTE, CALIFORNIA 93518 (661) 867-2511 WWW.RANKINRANCH.COM TO SACRAMENTO 99 McFarland Paso Robles Wasco Lake Isabella 46 178 GREENHORN MTS. 99 TO SAN FRANCISCO SEQUOIA 65 NATIONAL 5 FOREST PIUTE MTS. 178 BAKERSFIELD 5 58 CALIENTE 99 BEAR MTN. BLVD. Keene 223 Arvin 58 5 LAKE ISABELLA TEHACHAPI Taft LAMONT ARVIN Mojave 99 Maricopa Kern Los Angeles 14 ANGELES Rankin Ranch is approximately: NATL. 5 2½ hours from Los Angeles FOREST 3½ hours from Santa Barbara N 4½ hours from San Diego Lebec Lancaster 5½ hours from San Francisco Frazier Park TO LOS ANGELES FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA: North on Interstate 5 over the Grapevine past Lebec. Take Hwy. 99 to 223 (Bear Mountain Blvd.). Turn RIGHT. Go through the small town of Arvin (last chance for gasoline!) Proceed 11 miles to Highway 58. Turn right towards Mojave 1½ miles to the Caliente turnoff. Turn left off the freeway. Follow directions below FROM CALIENTE below. FROM NORTHERN CALIFORNIA: South on Interstate 5 of Highway 99 to Bakerseld. Turn east on Highway 58 towards Tehachapi and Mojave. It is approximately 23 miles from Bakerseld to the Caliente turnoff. Turn left off the freeway. Follow directions FROM CALIENTE below. FROM CALIENTE: Proceed through the small town of Caliente, past the U.S. Post Ofce on the right. Approximately 2½ miles past the post ofce you will come to a “Y” in the road. Go LEFT up the hill. Rankin Ranch is 9 miles from the “Y”. A beautiful scenic winding mountain road (no houses). It will take approximately 30 minutes from the “Y” to reach the Rankin Ranch entrance on the right as you drop down into the valley.. -
Columbia River Crossing Investment Grade Traffic and Revenue Study Columbia River Crossing First Phase Project
Columbia River Crossing Investment Grade Traffic and Revenue Study Columbia River Crossing First Phase Project %FDFNCFS, 201 Image courtesy of CRC Project Office (PageIntentionallyLeftBlank) TableofContents Chapter1Introduction................................................................................................................................................1Ǧ1 ͳǤͳ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳǦͳ ͳǤʹ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳǦͳ ͳǤʹǤͳ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳǦͳ ͳǤʹǤʹ ͷ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳǦ͵ ͳǤ͵ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳǦͶ ͳǤ͵ǤͳǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳǦͶ ͳǤ͵ǤʹǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳǦͷ ͳǤ͵Ǥ͵ ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳǦͷ ͳǤ͵ǤͶǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤͳǦͷ