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Cleansing the Cosmos
CLEANSING THE COSMOS: A BIBLICAL MODEL FOR CONCEPTUALIZING AND COUNTERACTING EVIL By E. Janet Warren A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Theology and Religion College of Arts and Law The University of Birmingham November 14, 2011 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. ABSRACT Understanding evil spiritual forces is essential for Christian theology. Evil has typically been studied either from a philosophical perspective or through the lens of ‘spiritual warfare’. The first seldom considers demonology; the second is flawed by poor methodology. Furthermore, warfare language is problematic, being very dualistic, associated with violence and poorly applicable to ministry. This study addresses these issues by developing a new model for conceptualizing and counteracting evil using ‘non-warfare’ biblical metaphors, and relying on contemporary metaphor theory, which claims that metaphors are cognitive and can depict reality. In developing this model, I examine four biblical themes with respect to alternate metaphors for evil: Creation, Cult, Christ and Church. Insights from anthropology (binary oppositions), theology (dualism, nothingness) and science (chaos-complexity theory) contribute to the construction of the model, and the concepts of profane space, sacred space and sacred actions (divine initiative and human responsibility) guide the investigation. -
DIVINATION SYSTEMS Written by Nicole Yalsovac Additional Sections Contributed by Sean Michael Smith and Christine Breese, D.D
DIVINATION SYSTEMS Written by Nicole Yalsovac Additional sections contributed by Sean Michael Smith and Christine Breese, D.D. Ph.D. Introduction Nichole Yalsovac Prophetic revelation, or Divination, dates back to the earliest known times of human existence. The oldest of all Chinese texts, the I Ching, is a divination system older than recorded history. James Legge says in his translation of I Ching: Book Of Changes (1996), “The desire to seek answers and to predict the future is as old as civilization itself.” Mankind has always had a desire to know what the future holds. Evidence shows that methods of divination, also known as fortune telling, were used by the ancient Egyptians, Chinese, Babylonians and the Sumerians (who resided in what is now Iraq) as early as six‐thousand years ago. Divination was originally a device of royalty and has often been an essential part of religion and medicine. Significant leaders and royalty often employed priests, doctors, soothsayers and astrologers as advisers and consultants on what the future held. Every civilization has held a belief in at least some type of divination. The point of divination in the ancient world was to ascertain the will of the gods. In fact, divination is so called because it is assumed to be a gift of the divine, a gift from the gods. This gift of obtaining knowledge of the unknown uses a wide range of tools and an enormous variety of techniques, as we will see in this course. No matter which method is used, the most imperative aspect is the interpretation and presentation of what is seen. -
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On A Snowy Night: Yishan Yining (1247-1317) and the Development of Zen Calligraphy in Medieval Japan Xiaohan Du Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2021 © 2021 Xiaohan Du All Rights Reserved Abstract On A Snowy Night: Yishan Yining (1247-1317) and the Development of Zen Calligraphy in Medieval Japan Xiaohan Du This dissertation is the first monographic study of the monk-calligrapher Yishan Yining (1247- 1317), who was sent to Japan in 1299 as an imperial envoy by Emperor Chengzong (Temur, 1265-1307. r. 1294-1307), and achieved unprecedented success there. Through careful visual analysis of his extant oeuvre, this study situates Yishan’s calligraphy synchronically in the context of Chinese and Japanese calligraphy at the turn of the 14th century and diachronically in the history of the relationship between calligraphy and Buddhism. This study also examines Yishan’s prolific inscriptional practice, in particular the relationship between text and image, and its connection to the rise of ink monochrome landscape painting genre in 14th century Japan. This study fills a gap in the history of Chinese calligraphy, from which monk- calligraphers and their practices have received little attention. It also contributes to existing Japanese scholarship on bokuseki by relating Zen calligraphy to religious and political currents in Kamakura Japan. Furthermore, this study questions the validity of the “China influences Japan” model in the history of calligraphy and proposes a more fluid and nuanced model of synthesis between the wa and the kan (Japanese and Chinese) in examining cultural practices in East Asian culture. -
A Study of Buddha's Birthday Celebrations in Luoyang During T
《 》學報 ‧ 藝文│第十五期 外文論文 The Influence of Indian and Buddhist Elements in Medieval China: A Study of Buddha’s Birthday Celebrations In Luoyang during the Northern Wei dynasty Poh Yee WONG (aka Jue Wei SHI) Director, Nan Tien Institute Humanistic Buddhism Centre The Buddha’s birthday festival reached an unprecedented level of grandeur during the rule of Northern Wei when its capital was at Luoyang (495 to 534 CE). Buddhism1 was indigenous to neither the rulers nor the native Han Chinese. Yet, the Buddha’s birthday celebration on the eighth day of the fourth lunar month became a popular ritual in which the entire city participated. This paper studies a particular phenomenon in this public ritual, the use of carriages in image processions, tracing the heritage of these carriages back to the religion’s land of origin, India, and their literary sources. The intention of this paper is to study the reasons for such phenomenal success, in particular as they relate to the functional role of a religious festival and how the tenets of a religion can enable itself to be popular and sustainable. The Buddha’s birthday is a relevant case study because over 1,500 years later, countries such as Cambodia, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Singapore, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam continue to celebrate it as their public holiday. BACKGROUND TO NORTHERN WEI AND BUDDHISM Disunity and discord accompanied warfare during the turbulent Northern 1. Dorothy Wong stated that Buddhism became a state religion under the Northern Wei in Dorothy C. Wong, Chinese Steles: Pre-Buddhist and Buddhist Use of a Symbolic Form (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2004), 46. -
A List of Other Psychic Arts
List of Psychic Arts - Compiled by Gary L. Wimmer - www.garywimmer.com/psychic PSYCHIC ART DEFINITION 1 Abacomancy The art of foretelling future events by the observation of patterns of dust 2 Aeromancy Divination from the air and sky, cloud patterns, comets and other phenomena not normally visible in the sky 3 Alchemy Transmutation, dissolving or combining of base metals to form gold though chemical or supernatural processes 4 Alectryomancy Divination by means of a bird picking grains of corn from a circle of letters 5 Aleuromancy Divination with flour and baked goods such as fortune cookies 6 Alomancy A form of divination by using salt 7 Alphitomancy Divination using barley or cakes digestible by persons with a clear conscience but are unpleasant to others 8 Amniomancy Divination by using a caul or membrane which sometimes envelopes a child's head at birth 9 Anthropomancy Divination using human entrails, often from human sacrifices 10 Anththroposcopy Divination by observing facial features 11 Apantomancy Divination of an object, but usually an animal, which presents itself by chance 12 Arithmancy Divination by numbers 13 Aromatherapy Holistic health practice of seeking to heal certain diseases or illnesses by inhaling scented steam or fragrances 14 Ashagalomancy A system of divination of casting small bones or dice, also known as Astraglomancy or Astragyromancy 15 Astrology Ancient system of divination based on the position of the planets and the Zodiac 16 Augury Divination by studying the behaviour and flights of birds 17 Aura reading -
The Advent of Islam in China: Guangzhou Fanfang During the Tang-Song Era Meng Wei
Washington University in St. Louis Washington University Open Scholarship All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) 1-1-2010 The Advent of Islam in China: Guangzhou Fanfang during the Tang-Song Era Meng Wei Follow this and additional works at: https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd Recommended Citation Wei, Meng, "The Advent of Islam in China: Guangzhou Fanfang during the Tang-Song Era" (2010). All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs). 814. https://openscholarship.wustl.edu/etd/814 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Washington University Open Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) by an authorized administrator of Washington University Open Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY Department of East Asian Studies THE ADVENT OF ISLAM IN CHINA GUANGZHOU FANFANG DURING THE TANG-SONG ERA by Meng Wei A thesis presented to the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences of Washington University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts August 2010 Saint Louis, Missouri TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations………………………………………………………iii Introduction………………………………………………………………1 Significance of Study……………………………………………………2 Sources…………………………………………………………………4 1 Sino-Islamic Contacts before the Mongol Rule………………………6 2 The Maritime Silk Road Linking China and the Islamic World……15 3 The Making of the Guangzhou fanfang……………………………18 4 State-Sanctioned Non-Han Communities: A Comparison between jimizhou and fanfang………………………………………………22 Conclusion………………………………………………………………37 Bibliography………………………………………………………………41 ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure 1 The Location of the Belitung Wreck on Google Map…………7 iii Introduction Islam is a religion noted by its powerful concern for Muslim community which is known as the umma1. -
Relationship Between Climate Change and Wars Between Nomadic and Farming Groups from the Western 1 Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty Period 2
1 Relationship between Climate Change and Wars between Nomadic and Farming Groups from the Western 2 Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty period 3 4 Y. Su 1 , L. Liu 1, X.Q. Fang 1, and Y.N. Ma 1,2 5 1. School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China 6 2.Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Middle School, Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, China 7 8 Abstract: In ancient China, the change in regional agriculture and animal husbandry productivity caused by 9 climate change led to either wars or peaceful relations between nomadic and farming groups. From the 10 Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty there were 367 wars between the two groups. The nomadic people 11 initiated 69% of the wars, but 62.4% were won by the farmers. At a centennial timescale, the battlefields were 12 mostly in the northern areas (average latitude 38.92°N) in warm periods, and the battlefields were moved 13 southwards (average latitude 34.66°N) in cold periods. At decadal timescale, warm climates corresponded to 14 a high incidence of wars (correlation coefficient is 0.293). In the periods being dry and cold, the farming 15 groups were eager to initiate wars while the opportunity of victory reduced. The main causes which leading to 16 the above results are following: ①Warm climate provided a solid material foundation for nomadic and 17 farming groups, especially contributed to improve the productivity of nomadic group; meanwhile, the 18 excessive desire for essential means of subsistence in nomadic group could led to wars. -
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INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced fromm icrofilm the master. UMI films the text directly firom the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be ft’om any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9218985 Spatialization in the ‘‘Shiji” Jian, Xiaobin, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1992 Copyright ©1992 by Jian, Xiaobin. All rights reserved. -
Chinese Foreign Aromatics Importation
CHINESE FOREIGN AROMATICS IMPORTATION FROM THE 2ND CENTURY BCE TO THE 10TH CENTURY CE Research Thesis Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for graduation with research distinction in the undergraduate colleges of The Ohio State University. by Shiyong Lu The Ohio State University April 2019 Project Advisor: Professor Scott Levi, Department of History 1 Introduction Trade served as a major form of communication between ancient civilizations. Goods as well as religions, art, technology and all kinds of knowledge were exchanged throughout trade routes. Chinese scholars traditionally attribute the beginning of foreign trade in China to Zhang Qian, the greatest second century Chinese diplomat who gave China access to Central Asia and the world. Trade routes on land between China and the West, later known as the Silk Road, have remained a popular topic among historians ever since. In recent years, new archaeological evidences show that merchants in Southern China started to trade with foreign countries through sea routes long before Zhang Qian’s mission, which raises scholars’ interests in Maritime Silk Road. Whether doing research on land trade or on maritime trade, few scholars concentrate on the role of imported aromatics in Chinese trade, which can be explained by several reasons. First, unlike porcelains or jewelry, aromatics are not durable. They were typically consumed by being burned or used in medicine, perfume, cooking, etc. They might have been buried in tombs, but as organic matters they are hard to preserve. Lack of physical evidence not only leads scholars to generally ignore aromatics, but also makes it difficult for those who want to do further research. -
Downloaded010006 from Brill.Com09/25/2021 09:53:09AM Via Free Access Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Course of History 89
Journal of Chinese Humanities � (�0�5) 88-��9 brill.com/joch Northern and Southern Dynasties and the Course of History Since Middle Antiquity Li Zhi’an Translated by Kathryn Henderson Abstract Two periods in Chinese history can be characterized as constituting a North/South polarization: the period commonly known as the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420AD-589AD), and the Southern Song, Jin, and Yuan Dynasties (1115AD-1368AD). Both of these periods exhibited sharp contrasts between the North and South that can be seen in their respective political and economic institutions. The North/South parity in both of these periods had a great impact on the course of Chinese history. Both before and after the much studied Tang-Song transformation, Chinese history evolved as a conjoining of previously separate North/South institutions. Once the country achieved unification under the Sui Dynasty and early part of the Tang, the trend was to carry on the Northern institutions in the form of political and economic adminis- tration. Later in the Tang Dynasty the Northern institutions and practices gave way to the increasing implementation of the Southern institutions across the country. During the Song Dynasty, the Song court initially inherited this “Southernization” trend while the minority kingdoms of Liao, Xia, Jin, and Yuan primarily inherited the Northern practices. After coexisting for a time, the Yuan Dynasty and early Ming saw the eventual dominance of the Southern institutions, while in middle to late Ming the Northern practices reasserted themselves and became the norm. An analysis of these two periods of North/South disparity will demonstrate how these differences came about and how this constant divergence-convergence influenced Chinese history. -
Media and Commercialisation of Psychic Reading
International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Science Society and Culture(IJIRSSC) Vol: 2, Issue:1, (June Issue), 2016 ISSN: (P) 2395-4345, (O) 2455-2909 © IJIRSSC Media and Commercialisation of Psychic Reading Dr. Manash Pratim Goswami* Assistant Professor, Department of Journalism, Media and Mass Communication, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak (MP) Email: [email protected] ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT : Derived from Greek word, ‘Psyche’ means ‘breath of life’ in context to soul or spirit, is the method of communicating with those who have passed from the physical world. The word ‘psychic reading’ means a specific attempt to discern information with clairvoyance. In general, it is associated with consultation of paranormal needs of the people. Of different types and methods of foretelling the future of a person, distance reading, psychometric reading, astrology, numerology, past-life readings and palm reading are some popular methods of psychic reading. Although, the practice of psychic reading is often considered controversial, as focus of it assumed to revolve are skeptical inquiry, but the growing demand and rising faith of the people on these ancient arts of fortune telling have been fueling the industry to grow leaps and bounds. The proliferation of media and the growth of disposable amount of money among the people in the last decade have been also catalysing the business of Psychic Reading a high octane growth. This research paper is a study to understand and analyze the role of media in commercializing the psychic reading and its impact among people. Keywords: : Business, Commercialization, Media, Psychic reading. _________________________________________________________________________________________ I. Introduction: The word ‘Psychic’ is derived from the Greek word ‘Psyche’, which means ‘breath of life’ in context to soul or spirit. -
New Information on the Degree of “Sinicization” of the Tuyuhun
Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2019 New Information on the Degree of “Sinicization” of the Tuyuhun Clan during Tang Times through Their Marriage Alliances: A Case Study Based on the Epitaphs of Two Chinese Princesses Escher, Julia Barbara Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-181630 Journal Article Published Version Originally published at: Escher, Julia Barbara (2019). New Information on the Degree of “Sinicization” of the Tuyuhun Clan during Tang Times through Their Marriage Alliances: A Case Study Based on the Epitaphs of Two Chinese Princesses. Journal of Asian History, 53(1):55-96. Offprint from: JOURNAL OF ASIAN HISTORY edited by Dorothee Schaab-Hanke and Achim Mittag 53 (2019) 1 Harrassowitz Verlag · Wiesbaden Editors / Contact: Dorothee Schaab-Hanke (Großheirath): [email protected] Achim Mittag (Tübingen): [email protected] International Advisory Board: Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Behr (Zuerich), Prof. Dr. Timothy Brook (British Columbia), Prof. Dr. Christopher Cullen (Cambridge), Prof. Dr. Roderich Ptak (Munich), Prof. Dr. Nicolas Standaert (Leuven), Prof. Dr. Barend Jan Terwiel (Hamburg) The Journal of Asian History is a refereed journal. Zugang zur elektronischen Version / Access to electronic format Diese Zeitschrift kann auch in elektronischer Form über JSTOR (www.jstor.org) bezogen werden. This journal can also be accessed electronically via JSTOR (www.jstor.org). © Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden 2019 This journal, including all of its parts, is protected by copyright. Any use beyond the limits of copyright law without the permission of the publisher is forbidden and subject to penalty.