Rapanui Placenames: Keys to the Mysteries
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Easter Island
Birdman or Birdbrain About the Show When The Book pages transform into rongorongo script, Freddi, Samantha, and Fred transport back to 1765 to Rapa Nui (a.k.a. Easter Island) and face to face with a 15-ton moai! It’s just another day at Curriculum Connections the beach as the trio jump off cliffs, swim through shark infested • ancient civilizations waters to the Birdman’s Island (Motu Nui), oh, and try to find The Book • archeology • Easter Island along the way! Subject Areas Introduction • language arts • social studies Historical mysteries are a sure-fire way to get students interested in the past. Studying the origins and meaning of the giant stone statues of Rapa Nui give students a wonderful opportunity to delve into a civilization that remains an enigma. Historical Background Rapa Nui, an island in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Chile, is more than 1,000 miles away from the nearest inhabited island, Pitcairn Island. Rapa Nui received the name Easter Island from Admiral Jacob Roggeveen, who sailed a trade ship for the Dutch West India Company. He landed on the island on Easter Day, 1722, and named it in honor of the holiday. It is now a Chilean territory. A mere 66 square miles, Rapa Nui was inhabited for thousands of years by Polynesians who raised crops, built houses, and worshipped gods in nearly complete isolation from the rest of the world. They also created enormous stone statues, moai, that still stand. These statues are thought to honor sacred chiefs and gods and may have emerged out of friendly competitions between groups of craftsmen. -
Title: Expressions of Tangaroa
A voyage in visual form Loretta Reynolds 2010 A thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art & Design (MA&D) School of Art & Design Supervisors: Dale Fitchett and Simon Clark 1 Table of contents Page Table of contents ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 2 Attestation of Authorship …………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Acknowledgements ……………………………………………………………………………................... 5 Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 Introduction ………………………………….…………………………………………………………… 7 Chapter 1 Tangaroa’s place in traditional Rarotongan theology ………………………………… 11 Chapter 2 The history and the influence of the Church in Rarotonga …………………………… 13 Chapter 3 Tangaroa and cultural patterns in contemporary times......……………………………. 15 3.1 The resurrection of Tangaroa ……………………………………………………………. 15 3.2 Tangaroas importance and his place as an icon of national identity…………………. 16 3.3 Tangaroa in signage and public art………………………………………………………. 25 3.4 Cultural patterns & symbols of the Cook Islands’ used in the project………………… 27 Chapter 4 Methods and processes …………………………………………………………………. 28 2 4.1 Sign writing techniques……………………………………………………………………… 28 4.2 Engaging a contemporary perspective of Tangaroa……………………………………… 29 4.3 Introducing the morphing process to the project………………………………………….. 31 4.4 Testing the morphing idea…………………………….……………………………………… 32 4.5 Expressing the linear traditions of carved wood……………………………………….. 34 Chapter 5. Project exhibition…………………………………………………………………………. -
Human Discovery and Settlement of the Remote Easter Island (SE Pacific)
quaternary Review Human Discovery and Settlement of the Remote Easter Island (SE Pacific) Valentí Rull Laboratory of Paleoecology, Institute of Earth Sciences Jaume Almera (ICTJA-CSIC), C. Solé i Sabarís s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] Received: 19 March 2019; Accepted: 27 March 2019; Published: 2 April 2019 Abstract: The discovery and settlement of the tiny and remote Easter Island (Rapa Nui) has been a classical controversy for decades. Present-day aboriginal people and their culture are undoubtedly of Polynesian origin, but it has been debated whether Native Americans discovered the island before the Polynesian settlement. Until recently, the paradigm was that Easter Island was discovered and settled just once by Polynesians in their millennial-scale eastward migration across the Pacific. However, the evidence for cultivation and consumption of an American plant—the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)—on the island before the European contact (1722 CE), even prior to the Europe-America contact (1492 CE), revived controversy. This paper reviews the classical archaeological, ethnological and paleoecological literature on the subject and summarizes the information into four main hypotheses to explain the sweet potato enigma: the long-distance dispersal hypothesis, the back-and-forth hypothesis, the Heyerdahl hypothesis, and the newcomers hypothesis. These hypotheses are evaluated in light of the more recent evidence (last decade), including molecular DNA phylogeny and phylogeography of humans and associated plants and animals, physical anthropology (craniometry and dietary analysis), and new paleoecological findings. It is concluded that, with the available evidence, none of the former hypotheses may be rejected and, therefore, all possibilities remain open. -
Rangi Above/Papa Below, Tangaroa Ascendant, Water All Around Us: Austronesian Creation Myths
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2005 Rangi above/Papa below, Tangaroa ascendant, water all around us: Austronesian creation myths Amy M Green University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Green, Amy M, "Rangi above/Papa below, Tangaroa ascendant, water all around us: Austronesian creation myths" (2005). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/b2px-g53a This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. RANGI ABOVE/ PAPA BELOW, TANGAROA ASCENDANT, WATER ALL AROUND US: AUSTRONESIAN CREATION MYTHS By Amy M. Green Bachelor of Arts University of Nevada, Las Vegas 2004 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in English Department of English College of Liberal Arts Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas May 2006 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1436751 Copyright 2006 by Green, Amy M. -
Tiki Kitsch, American Appropriation, and the Disappearance of the Pacific Sli Ander Body Daniel Mcmullin Claremont Graduate University, [email protected]
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholarship@Claremont LUX: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing and Research from Claremont Graduate University Volume 2 | Issue 1 Article 21 2013 Tiki Kitsch, American Appropriation, and the Disappearance of the Pacific slI ander Body Daniel McMullin Claremont Graduate University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/lux Part of the Critical and Cultural Studies Commons, History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, Other American Studies Commons, and the Other Languages, Societies, and Cultures Commons Recommended Citation McMullin, Daniel (2013) "Tiki Kitsch, American Appropriation, and the Disappearance of the Pacific slI ander Body," LUX: A Journal of Transdisciplinary Writing and Research from Claremont Graduate University: Vol. 2: Iss. 1, Article 21. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/lux/vol2/iss1/21 McMullin: Tiki Kitsch, American Appropriation, and the Disappearance of the Pacific Islander Body McMullin 1 Tiki Kitsch, American Appropriation, and the Disappearance of the Pacific Islander Body Daniel McMullin Claremont Graduate University School of Arts and Humanities Tiki kitsch is often mistaken for Polynesian art, but is a European American visual art form originating after World War II in Los Angeles at Trader Vic’s and other Hollywood bars, based on appropriation of religious sculptures of Tiki a Polynesian deity and ancestor figure. The moai of Rapanui (Isla de Pascua, Easter Island) are the most known sculpture form appropriated and altered by tiki kitsch into tiki mugs, etc. One of the first manifestations of European appropriation, Les Demoiselles dʻAvignon, by Pablo Picasso, influenced by African, Oceania, and Native American forms, or one might say, by a tribal and sculptural aesthetic from religious objects, was the first influential form of such appropriated imagery. -
A Comparative Analysis of Content in Maori
MATTERS OF LIFE AND DEATH: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CONTENT IN MAORI TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY ART AND DANCE AS A REFLECTION OF FUNDAMENTAL MAORI CULTURAL ISSUES AND THE FORMATION AND PERPETUATION OF MAORI AND NON-MAORI CULTURAL IDENTITY IN NEW ZEALAND by Cynthia Louise Zaitz A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of The Dorothy F. Schmidt College of Arts and Letters in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, Florida August 2009 Copyright by Cynthia Louise Zaitz 2009 ii CURRICULUM VITA In 1992 Cynthia Louise Zaitz graduated magna cum laude with a Bachelor of Arts in Drama from the University of California, where she wrote and directed one original play and two musicals. In 1999 she graduated with a Masters in Consciousness Studies from John F. Kennedy University. Since 2003 she has been teaching Music, Theatre and Dance in both elementary schools and, for the last two years, at Florida Atlantic University. She continues to work as a composer, poet and writer, painter, and professional musician. Her original painting, Alcheme 1 was chosen for the cover of Volume 10 of the Florida Atlantic Comparative Studies Journal listed as FACS in Amazon.com. Last year she composed the original music and created the choreography for Of Moon and Madness, a spoken word canon for nine dancers, three drummers, an upright bass and a Native American flute. Of Moon and Madness was performed in December of 2008 at Florida Atlantic University (FAU) and was selected to represent FAU on iTunesU. In April 2009 she presented her original music composition and choreography at FAU in a piece entitled, Six Butts on a Two-Butt Bench, a tongue-in- cheek look at overpopulation for ten actors and seventy dancers. -
The Ancient Astronomy of Easter Island: the Mamari Tablet Tells (Part 1)
The Ancient Astronomy of Easter Island: The Mamari Tablet Tells (Part 1) Sergei Rjabchikov1 1The Sergei Rjabchikov Foundation - Research Centre for Studies of Ancient Civilisations and Cultures, Krasnodar, Russia, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The ancient priest-astronomers constantly watched many heavenly bodies. The record about Halley‟s Comet of 1682 A.D. has been decoded completely. Good agreement between it and the results of European astronomers is seen. The records about Halley‟s Comet of 1835 A.D. as well as about the sun, the moon, Mars and Saturn have been de- ciphered as well. The obtained information is the basis in order to understand some aspects of the bird-man cult. Keywords: archaeoastronomy, writing, folklore, rock art, Rapanui, Rapa Nui, Easter Island, Polynesia Introduction The civilisation of Easter Island is famous due to their numerous ceremonial platforms oriented on the sun (Mulloy 1961, 1973, 1975; Liller 1991). One can therefore presume that some folklore sources as well as rongorongo inscriptions retained documents of ancient priest-astronomers. The Faint Echo from Rapa Nui Routledge (1998: 249) says about the rongorongo board called kohau-o-te-ranga (the Mamari tablet): It was the only one of the kind in existence, and was reported to have been brought by the first immigrants; it had the notable property of securing victory to its holders, in such a manner that they were able to get hold of the enemy for the “ranga” – that is, as captives or slaves for manual labour. Consider the record on the Mamari tablet (C), see figure 1. -
Beyond Kon-Tiki: Did Polynesians Sail to South America?
NEWSFOCUS Beyond Kon-Tiki: Did Polynesians Sail to South America? After decades of taboo and controversy, Pacifi c Rim archaeologists are fi nding new evidence that Polynesians reached South America before Europeans did, voyaging across the world’s largest ocean around 1200 C.E. on March 12, 2012 IT WAS LATE IN THE DAY IN DECEMBER 2007 drive to settle a long-standing controversy to crumble, giving archaeologists a chance when the curator pulled out a half-dozen among archaeologists and anthropologists. to rethink the way technology and innova- ancient human skulls from dusty drawers Considered the realm of crackpot theorists tions spread in prehistory. in the museum in Concepción, Chile. The until recently, the idea of prehistoric contact skulls, of varying ages, had been found dur- between Polynesians and South Americans Heyerdahl’s ghost www.sciencemag.org ing the past century by locals as well as sci- has gone mainstream. A new generation of The idea that Polynesians and South Ameri- entists on the windswept island of Mocha, researchers is using DNA analysis of varied cans were in touch more than 500 years ago 30 kilometers off the southern Chilean coast. organisms such as humans, chickens, and is as old as archaeology itself. In 1837, a “I nearly dropped to the fl oor,” recalls Lisa sweet potatoes to add compelling data to a French writer noted that plank boats used Matisoo-Smith, a biological anthropologist case previously based on more nebulous lin- by locals on the west coast of Chile were at the University of Otago in New Zealand. -
MISCELLANÉES Rongorongo Glyphs Clarify
MISCELLANÉES Rongorongo Glyphs Clarify Easter Island Rock Drawings par Sergei V. RJABCHIKOV * Many Easter Island (Rapa Nui) rock drawings sinker for net or line (Métraux, 1940 : 188, fig. (petroglyphs) can be understood taking into 13b). I have distinguished three glyphs 149 Hatu- account the readings of the rongorongo records hatu (epithets of the sun god Makemake/ of the famous « talking boards » only. This arti- Tangaroa/Tiki/Tane), glyphs 14Tiki atua ‘the cle is devoted to the study of a new portion of the deity Tiki’ in combination with two glyphs 149 Rapanui petroglyphs. In deciphering the rongo- Hatuhatu as well as glyph 47 ava (cf. Rapanui rongo glyphs I use my own classification and avaava ‘to lift’; on the other hand, this sign may translation scheme (Rjabchikov, 1987: 362-363, depict a sucker) in combination with two words fig. 1 ; 1993a : 126-127, fig. 1 ; 1993b : 23, fig. 1 ; 39-4 (pae)rati ‘the paerati fish’. It is known that 1994 : 8, fig. 6 ; 1995a : 5, figs 12 and 17 ; 1997- according to Rapanui beliefs, the god Makemake 2001). Besides, I always take into consideration was connected with the ocean and fishes (Rjab- the vocabularies and rules of alternating sounds chikov, 1999a). of the Polynesian languages. 3. A fish-in-fish motif is incised at Ava o Kiri 1. Two fishlike creatures are depicted at Ahu (Lee, 1992 : 78, fig. 4.58). Another fish-in-fish Ra’ai (Lee 1992: 90, figure 4.75). They are a fish motif is also incised at the same panel (Van and a young one. -
The Ancient Astronomy of Easter Island: Mars and Sweet Potatoes
The Ancient Astronomy of Easter Island: Mars and Sweet Potatoes Sergei Rjabchikov1 1The Sergei Rjabchikov Foundation - Research Centre for Studies of Ancient Civilisations and Cultures, Krasnodar, Russia, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract The role of the monument Moai a Mata Mea at Easter Island in the fertility cult has been explained. The own late statue that belonged to the ruling Miru group can provisionally be dated back to ca. 1691 A.D. on the backbone of the archaeoastronomical studies as well as the written sources. Some data about watchings of the total solar eclipse of September 16, 1773 A.D. and Halley‟s Comet of 1682 A.D. are presented as well. A new information on the early settlement of Rapanui is of our interest, too. Keywords: archaeoastronomy, writing, Rapanui, Rapa Nui, Easter Island, Polynesia Introduction Easter Island is a remote spot lost in the Pacific Ocean where many ceremonial platforms were oriented toward certain positions of the sun (Mulloy 1961, 1973, 1975; Liller 1991). Therefore numerous plat- forms and statues could be used as specific astronomical instruments. Mars in the Rapanui Beliefs The monument Moai a Mata Mea stands close to the north of the royal residence Tahai. Its height is around 2.5 m. The statue‟s name literally means „The statue (by the name of) Mata Mea [The Red Eye],‟ and this personal name denotes Mars, besides, the grammatical article a for proper names introduces it. Why did the natives choose this place for the monolithic sculpture? It is evident that this celestial body played the great role in the religious beliefs of the local rulers. -
Origins for the Rapanui of Easter Island Before European Contact: Solutions from Holistic Anthropology to an Issue No Longer Much of a Mystery Roger C
Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation Volume 14 Article 2 Issue 3 September 2000 Origins for the Rapanui of Easter Island Before European Contact: Solutions from Holistic Anthropology to an Issue no Longer Much of a Mystery Roger C. Green University of Auckland Follow this and additional works at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj Part of the History of the Pacific slI ands Commons, and the Pacific slI ands Languages and Societies Commons Recommended Citation Green, Roger C. (2000) "Origins for the Rapanui of Easter Island Before European Contact: Solutions from Holistic Anthropology to an Issue no Longer Much of a Mystery," Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation: Vol. 14 : Iss. 3 , Article 2. Available at: https://kahualike.manoa.hawaii.edu/rnj/vol14/iss3/2 This Research Paper is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Hawai`i Press at Kahualike. It has been accepted for inclusion in Rapa Nui Journal: Journal of the Easter Island Foundation by an authorized editor of Kahualike. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Green: Origins for the Rapanui of Easter Island Before European Contact Origins for the Rapanui ofEaster Island Before European Contact: Solutions from Holistic Anthropology to an Issue no Longer Much ofa Mystery Roger C. Green' University ofAuckland ~ THIS ESSAY IS NOT JUST ABOUT EASTER ISLAND'S archaeology. argument seems to have found some acceptance. Rather the perspective is a multi-field one of a practitioner in For this reason when attending the Second Congress in ... historical anthropology of the period before written records Rapa Nui during October 1996, I expanded considerably on the (Green in press; Kirch and Green in press). -
Face Petroglyphs in Easter Island Caves As a Possible Sign of Their Special Status
48-49/2017-2018 ICDIGITAL Separata 48-49/9 MM1 ICDIGITAL Eine PDF-Serie des Institutum Canarium herausgegeben von Hans-Joachim Ulbrich Technische Hinweise für den Leser: Die vorliegende Datei ist die digitale Version eines im Jahrbuch "Almogaren" ge- druckten Aufsatzes. Aus technischen Gründen konnte – nur bei Aufsätzen vor 1990 – der originale Zeilenfall nicht beibehalten werden. Das bedeutet, dass Zeilen- nummern hier nicht unbedingt jenen im Original entsprechen. Nach wie vor un- verändert ist jedoch der Text pro Seite, so dass Zitate von Textstellen in der ge- druckten wie in der digitalen Version identisch sind, d.h. gleiche Seitenzahlen (Pa- ginierung) aufweisen. Der im Aufsatzkopf erwähnte Erscheinungsort kann vom Sitz der Gesellschaft abweichen, wenn die Publikation nicht im Selbstverlag er- schienen ist (z.B. Vereinssitz = Hallein, Verlagsort = Graz wie bei Almogaren III). Die deutsche Rechtschreibung wurde – mit Ausnahme von Literaturzitaten – den aktuellen Regeln angepasst. Englischsprachige Keywords wurden zum Teil nach- träglich ergänzt. PDF-Dokumente des IC lassen sich mit dem kostenlosen Adobe Acrobat Reader (Version 7.0 oder höher) lesen. Für den Inhalt der Aufsätze sind allein die Autoren verantwortlich. Dunkelrot gefärbter Text kennzeichnet spätere Einfügungen der Redaktion. Alle Vervielfältigungs- und Medien-Rechte dieses Beitrags liegen beim Institutum Canarium Hauslabgasse 31/6 A-1050 Wien IC-Separata werden für den privaten bzw. wissenschaftlichen Bereich kostenlos zur Verfügung gestellt. Digitale oder gedruckte Kopien von diesen PDFs herzu- stellen und gegen Gebühr zu verbreiten, ist jedoch strengstens untersagt und be- deutet eine schwerwiegende Verletzung der Urheberrechte. Weitere Informationen und Kontaktmöglichkeiten: institutum-canarium.org almogaren.org Abbildung Titelseite: Original-Umschlag des gedruckten Jahrbuches.