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Ned Aesthetics in Contemporary Glasgow: Performing Classes, Appropriating Races

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Ned Aesthetics in Contemporary Glasgow: Performing Classes, Appropriating Races Ned Aesthetics in Contemporary Glasgow: Performing Classes, Appropriating Races by Samantha Pockele A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Affairs in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario © 2013 Samantha Pockele Library and Archives Bibliotheque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du 1+1Branch Patrimoine de I'edition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-94330-4 Our file Notre reference ISBN: 978-0-494-94330-4 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non­ L'auteur a accorde une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant a la Bibliotheque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par telecommunication ou par I'lnternet, preter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des theses partout dans le loan, distrbute and sell theses monde, a des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non­ support microforme, papier, electronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats. paper, electronic and/or any other formats. The author retains copyright L'auteur conserve la propriete du droit d'auteur ownership and moral rights in this et des droits moraux qui protege cette these. Ni thesis. Neither the thesis nor la these ni des extraits substantiels de celle-ci substantial extracts from it may be ne doivent etre imprimes ou autrement printed or otherwise reproduced reproduits sans son autorisation. without the author's permission. In compliance with the Canadian Conformement a la loi canadienne sur la Privacy Act some supporting forms protection de la vie privee, quelques may have been removed from this formulaires secondaires ont ete enleves de thesis. cette these. While these forms may be included Bien que ces formulaires aient inclus dans in the document page count, their la pagination, il n'y aura aucun contenu removal does not represent any loss manquant. of content from the thesis. Canada ABSTRACT Neds are a subculture of working class/underclass Scottish people that are both mocked and embraced by people of other classes and/or groups in Scotland. Neds have existed since the early 1900s in Scotland, but this project examines how current day Neds appropriate not just class but race in performances of their identities. Modern-day Neds perform identity through the consumption of various goods (alcohol, cars, fashion, footwear) that contribute to a certain Ned aesthetic, one that represents (mis)performances of both Whiteness and what it means to be an upstanding member of the working class/underclass in Scotland. Key themes at play in this dynamic are identity; subcultures; labeling; White Trash; performativity; class and classism; race and racism; Whiteness; Blackness; hip-hop and rap; consumption and aesthetics. These themes are all part of the ongoing, dynamic processes of Ned identity-building that both Neds and non- Neds participate in. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work is devoted first and foremost to my parents and brother and sister - thanks Ken, Denise, Kenny and Katie for your constant support and encouragement. Thank you to my committee - Brian Given and Daniel Rosenblatt - for encouraging these ideas and giving me inspiration and guidance. Thank you to the Gillespie/Murray family, Uzma, Zara, Fergus, Fiona, Gemma and all my Scottish friends for taking care of me in their homeland and beyond, and to all the people who not only put me up in their homes, but invited me in to their lives during my time in Scotland. Thank you to the crew from TBTL for keeping me motivated and less lonely than many people would otherwise get during long stints of writing. A final huge thank you to my friends for not merely tolerating, but encouraging my wild ideas and silly thoughts, and reminding me that nobody looks stupid when they’re having fun. TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract................................................................................................................................................. i Acknowledgements..............................................................................................................................ii I) Introduction................................................................................................................................... 1-8 a) Interest.............................................................................................................................. 1-3 b) Methodology....................................................................................................................3-8 II) Theory........................................................................................................................................ 9-43 a) Performativity.................................................................................................................9-18 b) Whiteness and Performativity..................................................................................... 19-24 c) Theorizing Class: Classing Working Class vs. Underclass Bodies...........................25-31 d) White Perfomances: Appropriating Blackness?.........................................................32-38 e) Consumption as Performance: Neds and Hip Hop.................................................... 39-41 f) Concluding Thoughts................................................................................................... 42-43 III) Talking About Neds............................................................................................................. 44-94 a) Matthew: Community Roots.......................................................................................44-50 b) Noah: Impersonating Neds..........................................................................................50-60 c) Nate: English Perspective on Chavs and Neds...........................................................60-63 d) Gary: A View from Glasgow’s Markets....................................................................64-67 e) Investigating Glasgow’s Markets................................................................................67-73 e) Arran: Celebrating Neds ..............................................................................................73-79 f) Rosie and Daniel: Opposing Viewpoints.................................................................... 79-82 g) Kevin: Buckfast and Ned Symbols.............................................................................83-88 h) Scott: A Bleak View of the Future..............................................................................88-94 IV) Talking With Neds .............................................................................................................. 95-135 a) Chris and Donny........................................................................................................ 95-101 b) Networking with Neds............................................................................................ 102-109 c) East End Party..........................................................................................................109-124 iii d) Shopping with Neds .............................................................................................. 124-135 V) Conclusion...........................................................................................................................136-142 VI) References..........................................................................................................................143-146 iv CHAPTER I: INTEREST AND METHODOLOGY Interest My love affair with Glasgow began in December 2005 when I travelled to Scotland to visit friends on Christmas break during my undergraduate studies at the University of Guelph. The warmth, humour, and enthusiasm of storytelling that I encountered there made the interactions I had with people in Aberdeen and Edinburgh truly unique experiences in my travels. Needless to say, when I returned to Canada the desire to return and learn more was overwhelming. I immediately applied to do an undergraduate exchange for the 2006-2007 academic year in Scotland and was accepted to the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow to participate in their sociology program. The Sociology program at Strathclyde allowed me to study areas affecting the social, economic and political climate of Scotland at that time - issues of Industrialisation, globalisation, identity, class, culture and social problems. These themes emerge in other areas of the developed world, but when immersed in Glaswegian culture for that year, I experienced firsthand how the themes discussed in undergraduate sociology programs manifest in a particular circumstance in ways I had never experienced in other cities. The formal education I received in that year was valuable; however, the informal education - my experiences and interactions with the people of Glasgow - was truly invaluable. Glasgow has a vibrant culture all its own - the city is a frenzy of art, music, nightlife, history, architecture, comedy, and conversation. I had the pleasure of making many new friends in Glasgow and other areas of Scotland who introduced me to Glasgow’s culture, and I am eternally grateful for being able to
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