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Sierra Leone After a Hundred Years

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Sierra Leone After a Hundred Years This is a reproduction of a library book that was digitized by Google as part of an ongoing effort to preserve the information in books and make it universally accessible. https://books.google.com SierraLeoneafterahundredyears ErnestGrahamIngham,ThomasClarkson 17 H13 ^^■■■VH BH^ SIERRA LEONfc -N [J IV 1 THE . E. G. I> s NDON D CO. LIMli S 1 KAN ' 1 rf ' SIERRA LEONE AFTER A HUNDRED YEARS BY THE Right Rev. E. G. INGHAM, D.D. Bishop of Sierra Leone WITH MANY ILLUSTRATIONS LONDON SEELEY AND CO. LIMITED Essex Street, Strand 1894 LIBRARY OF THE LELAND STANFORD JR. UNIVERSITY. SEP 6 1900 DEDICATED TO THE HONOURED MEMORY OF ALL WHO HAVE GONE BEFORE IN LOVING AND DEVOTED LABOUR FOR THE GOOD OF THE COLONY AND CHURCH OF SIERRA LEONE THE C M.S. GRAMMAR SCHOOL PREFACE In sending forth this work, the author will only express his hope, that if, notwithstand ing his inexperience as a writer, it should secure a reading, it will compel attention to a Colony and a Church that have very peculiar claims on British philanthropy. This is a period of centenary celebrations. The year 1887 was a very important one in Sierra Leone. The Queen's Jubilee, and the completion of a hundred years since the arrival of the first settlers from London, in 1787, laid upon the Colony the necessity of having a demonstration worthy of such a happy combination. And a very interest ing celebration it was. At that time the writer was not qualified, VI PREFACE either by experience or by observation, to venture upon anything beyond a commemor ative sermon or speech. And a more ex tended knowledge of West Africa, covering eleven years, would not, even now, em bolden him to take up his pen and thrust a book upon the public, were it not that a very interesting and important manuscript diary of the first governor has been placed in his hands by the family, for any use which he may decide to make of it.* After most careful study of this diary, kept in Sierra Leone itself, during the year 1792 by Governor Clarkson, the writer considers that there are many passages in it that can not fail to interest the present inhabitants of the Colony, as well as others who are deeply concerned in its welfare. If it is a source of strength to be reminded of the noble philanthropy of those early friends * Thanks are due to the same family for some of our illustra tions ; also to Major Fairclough, R.A., for his excellent photographs. PREFACE Vll of Africa; if there is inspiration in the example of a good and conscientious man ; if it is a power to have knowledge of the circumstances of a hundred years ago in this little corner of Africa, and of how they were met ; if there is guidance to be had from the experiences and mistakes and disasters of that time, then these selections will help and not hinder those who are called upon to face the situation of the present moment. It is important, more over, that the rising generation of Sierra Leoneans should now begin to take some interest in their past ; and if this book should lead them to look back upon this Colonisation Scheme as a terminus from which they register the turn of the tide of the fortunes of their race, the writer will feel rewarded. But he aims at more than this, else the selections might have appeared without note, comment or addition. He desires to draw a contrast between the beginning and the end of the hundred years ; to indicate the progress made ; to bring out as forcibly as possible the features Vlll PREFACE and circumstances of the present ; and to en force the conclusion that men, like John Clarkson, of his disinterested zeal and con scientiousness, are urgently needed now, not only among Englishmen, but also among Africans, if the objects and aims of a hundred years ago are not to be utterly missed. It may interest the reader, and lead to the increased circulation of this book, to know that any profits which the author may derive from its sale will be given to the ' Princess Christian Cottage Hospital ' at Sierra Leone, which was completed and opened in 1892 (just a hundred years after the events here narrated) and where our English sisters are engaged in practically training African women of the educated class in the art of nursing the sick. Bishop's Court, Sierra Leone, April 1894. CONTENTS CHAl'. PAGE I. AWAKENING OF PUBLIC OPINION, ... I II. REPATRIATION, ...... 4 III. GOVERNOR CLARKSON'S DIARY, . .16 IV. GOVERNOR Ci.ARKSON's diary— continued, . 73 V. GOVERNOR CLARKSON'S DIARY — concluded, , I iS VI. GLEANINGS FROM THE COMPANY'S REPORTS, AND OTHER RECORDS, . .168 VII. CHURCH MISSIONARY SOCIETY ENTERPRISE, . I93 VIII. RELICS ....... 209 IX. SIERRA LEONE IN 1894 — THE TEMNE PEOPLE AND THE KROOMEN, ...... 258 X. SIERRA LEONE IN 1894— THE MIXED MULTITUDE, . 284 XI. SIERRA LEONE IN 1894 — CLIMATE, GOVERNMENT, MANNERS AND CUSTOMS, .... 305 XII. SIERRA LEONE IN IS94 — ITS CHRISTIANITY, . 319 XIII. SOME PERSONAL MEMORANDA, .... 331 XIV. 'THE CONCLUSION OF THE WHOLE MATTER,' . 355 ARRIVAL OF A MAIL STEAMER LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS SACKVII.I.E STREET, FREE TOWN, Frontispiece C.M.S. GRAMMAR SCHOOL, ARRIVAL OF A MAIL STEAMER, WILLIAM WILBERFORCE, mi THOMAS CLARKSON, 2 FREE TOWN, MARCH l6, I792, iS THE RIVER, SIERRA LEONE, . 100 FREE TOWN, NOVEMBER IO, 1 792, 140 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS XI I' AGE governor clarkson, l67 robanna island, village of king naimbanna, 170 henry thornton, .... 194 fourah bay college, 257 kroo town, ..... 276 kroo town bay, .... 283 outskirts of free town, and beach scene, 284 bishop's court, .... 288 street scene and shor, free town, 292 k1ssy street, free town 294 free town from the hills, and ravine on kissy road. 29S country road, and street scene, 328 annie walsh memorial school, susan's bay, ..... 338 st George's cathedral school, 362 wilberforce memorial hall, 368 WILLIAM WILBERFORCB Front a Drawing by J. Siatet After a Hundred Years CHAPTER I AWAKENING OF PUBLIC OPINION 'The Lord hath a controversy with His people.' The very name of Sierra Leone must ever be associated with an interesting and thrilling period of British history. No sooner had the termination of the American War set men's minds free to consider other matters, than we find Mr Wilberforce bringing before Parlia ment the wrongs of the negro race, and the solemn re sponsibility of the nation in the matter of slavery and the slave trade. An important incident in connection with that unfortunate war was, moreover, to link it for ever with the enterprise about to be described. Whether we consider the times themselves, or the men who then so warmly espoused this cause, we are led to believe that the influence at work was that of A 2 AWAKENING OF PUBLIC OPINION the great ' Evangelical Revival,' which had begun with John Wesley, and was now taking hold of the Church of England herself. It will be interesting to note some of the most important steps by which men's minds were drawn to this subject. The Society of Friends were the first to lay a peti tion on the evils of the slave trade on the table of the House of Commons. This was in 1783. And it was very possibly owing to the great attention drawn to the matter by that petition, that led the Vice-Chan cellor of Cambridge, in 1785, to select as the subject for two Latin prize essays the thesis : ' Is it right to make slaves of others against their will ? ' The competition was open to those who had obtained the B.A. degree. Thomas Clarkson had successfully competed in this direction on a former occasion, and he was now naturally desirous of sustaining his reputation. It was in collecting materials for this essay that he came to see the enormity of this traffic. The thought of a prize soon became quite a secondary consideration. He achieved a literary success indeed, but a far greater result was to follow. On his way up to London from Cambridge after that literary triumph, it was borne in upon his mind that (to use his own words) 'if the contents of this essay are true, it is time that some person should see these calamities to their end.' He determined, as one means of attracting public attention, to publish his essay in English. The result was immediate. He Thomas Clarkson. From a Portrait by A. E. Chalon, R.A- v AWAKENING OF PUBLIC OPINION 3 was soon surrounded by a host of friends. We may mention amongst others, Dr Porteous, Bishop of London, Hannah More, Granville Sharp, and, not ably, William Wilberforce, to whom, as a rising politician, he submitted his essay, and whose whole heart he was happily instrumental in enlisting in the cause. The next date of importance in our chain is 1787 ; and it will be interesting presently to note, that the year which saw the creation of the Sierra Leone Company, witnessed also the formation of the first anti-slavery society, whose efforts were destined to produce the great Act of 1807, against the slave trade ; and the still more important Act of 1834, for the abolition of slavery throughout the British dominions. From 1787 to 1800, every session of Parliament wit nessed Wilberforce's desperate and devoted efforts to carry his motion. In 1800, however, it was resolved to suspend Parliamentary exertion until some favour able event should occur to change the temper of both Houses.
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