Bach and Money: Sources of Salary and Supplemental Income in Leipzig from 1723 to 1750*
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Biography Thomaskantor Gotthold Schwarz As of March 2018
Thomaskantor Gotthold Schwarz Gotthold Schwarz is the 17 th Thomaskantor after Johann Sebastian Bach. On 9 June 2016 he has been appointed as Thomaskantor and has been officially inaugurated on 20 August 2016. Born in Zwickau as a son of a cantor he gained his musical education at the “Hochschule für Kirchenmusik Dresden” (University for Church Music Dresden) and also at the “Hochschule für Musik und Theater „Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy“ Leipzig” (University of Music and Theatre „Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy“ Leipzig) after having been a member of Thomanerchor Leipzig for s short time in his childhood. He studied singing with Gerda Schriever, playing the organ with former St. Thomas Organist Hannes Kästner and Wolfgang Schetelich, as well as conducting with Max Pommer and Hans-Joachim Rotzsch. Furthermore he has worked with, amongst others, Hermann Christian Polster, Peter Schreier and Helmuth Rilling in masterclasses and academies. Gotthold Schwarz, who began to work as vocal trainer for the Thomanerchor Leipzig in 1979, stood in for the Thomaskantor for several times since the 1990's. On this position he led the motets, performances of cantatas and oratorios with the Thomanerchor Leipzig; moreover he was entrusted with other duties as an interim officiating cantor. Together with the world-famous boys’ choir he has been on numerous tours in Germany, Europe and overseas (Japan, China, USA, Canada), several together with the Gewandhausorchester Leipzig. Furthermore Gotthold Schwarz is initiator and leader of “Concerto vocale”, “Saxon Baroque Orchestra”, “Leipziger Cantorey” and “Bach Consort Leipzig”. In recognition of his special merits the versatiled singer and conductor was awarded with the Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1 st class) on 4 October 2017. -
'Dream Job: Next Exit?'
Understanding Bach, 9, 9–24 © Bach Network UK 2014 ‘Dream Job: Next Exit?’: A Comparative Examination of Selected Career Choices by J. S. Bach and J. F. Fasch BARBARA M. REUL Much has been written about J. S. Bach’s climb up the career ladder from church musician and Kapellmeister in Thuringia to securing the prestigious Thomaskantorat in Leipzig.1 Why was the latter position so attractive to Bach and ‘with him the highest-ranking German Kapellmeister of his generation (Telemann and Graupner)’? After all, had their application been successful ‘these directors of famous court orchestras [would have been required to] end their working relationships with professional musicians [take up employment] at a civic school for boys and [wear] “a dusty Cantor frock”’, as Michael Maul noted recently.2 There was another important German-born contemporary of J. S. Bach, who had made the town’s shortlist in July 1722—Johann Friedrich Fasch (1688–1758). Like Georg Philipp Telemann (1681–1767), civic music director of Hamburg, and Christoph Graupner (1683–1760), Kapellmeister at the court of Hessen-Darmstadt, Fasch eventually withdrew his application, in favour of continuing as the newly- appointed Kapellmeister of Anhalt-Zerbst. In contrast, Bach, who was based in nearby Anhalt-Köthen, had apparently shown no interest in this particular vacancy across the river Elbe. In this article I will assess the two composers’ positions at three points in their professional careers: in 1710, when Fasch left Leipzig and went in search of a career, while Bach settled down in Weimar; in 1722, when the position of Thomaskantor became vacant, and both Fasch and Bach were potential candidates to replace Johann Kuhnau; and in 1730, when they were forced to re-evaluate their respective long-term career choices. -
Introduction
Copyright © Thomas Braatz, 20071 Introduction This paper proposes to trace the origin and rather quick demise of the Andreas Stübel Theory, a theory which purportedly attempted to designate a librettist who supplied Johann Sebastian Bach with texts and worked with him when the latter composed the greater portion of the 2nd ‘chorale-cantata’ cycle in Leipzig from 1724 to early 1725. It was Hans- Joachim Schulze who first proposed this theory in 1998 after which it encountered a mixed reception with Christoph Wolff lending it some support in his Bach biography2 and in his notes for the Koopman Bach-Cantata recording series3, but with Martin Geck4 viewing it rather less enthusiastically as a theory that resembled a ball thrown onto the roulette wheel and having the same chance of winning a jackpot. 1 This document may be freely copied and distributed providing that distribution is made in full and the author’s copyright notice is retained. 2 Christoph Wolff, Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician (Norton, 2000), (first published as a paperback in 2001), p. 278. 3 Christoph Wolff, ‘The Leipzig church cantatas: the chorale cantata cycle (II:1724-1725)’ in The Complete Cantatas volumes 10 and 11 as recorded by Ton Koopman and published by Erato Disques (Paris, France, 2001). 4 Martin Geck, Bach: Leben und Werk, (Hamburg, 2000), p. 400. 1 Andreas Stübel Andreas Stübel (also known as Stiefel = ‘boot’) was born as the son of an innkeeper in Dresden on December 15, 1653. In Dresden he first attended the Latin School located there. Then, in 1668, he attended the Prince’s School (“Fürstenschule”) in Meißen. -
T H O M a N E R C H
Thomanerchor LeIPZIG DerThomaner chor Der Thomaner chor ts n te on C F o able T Ta b l e o f c o n T e n T s Greeting from “Thomaskantor” Biller (Cantor of the St Thomas Boys Choir) ......................... 04 The “Thomanerchor Leipzig” St Thomas Boys Choir Now Performing: The Thomanerchor Leipzig ............................................................................. 06 Musical Presence in Historical Places ........................................................................................ 07 The Thomaner: Choir and School, a Tradition of Unity for 800 Years .......................................... 08 The Alumnat – a World of Its Own .............................................................................................. 09 “Keyboard Polisher”, or Responsibility in Detail ........................................................................ 10 “Once a Thomaner, always a Thomaner” ................................................................................... 11 Soli Deo Gloria .......................................................................................................................... 12 Everyday Life in the Choir: Singing Is “Only” a Part ................................................................... 13 A Brief History of the St Thomas Boys Choir ............................................................................... 14 Leisure Time Always on the Move .................................................................................................................. 16 ... By the Way -
Bach: Goldberg Variations
The Choir of King’s College, Cambridge Final Logo Brand Extension Logo 06.27.12 BACH GOLDBERG VARIATIONS Parker Ramsay | harp PARKER RAMSAY Parker Ramsay was the first American to hold the post of Organ Scholar at King’s, from 2010–2013, following a long line of prestigious predecessors. Organ Scholars at King’s are undergraduate students at the College with a range of roles and responsibilities, including playing for choral services in the Chapel, assisting in the training of the probationers and Choristers, and conducting the full choir from time to time. The position of Organ Scholar is held for the duration of the student’s degree course. This is Parker’s first solo harp recording, and the second recording by an Organ Scholar on the College’s own label. 2 BACH GOLDBERG VARIATIONS Parker Ramsay harp 3 CD 78:45 1 Aria 3:23 2 Variatio 1 1:57 3 Variatio 2 1:54 4 Variatio 3 Canone all’Unisono 2:38 5 Variatio 4 1:15 6 Variatio 5 1:43 7 Variatio 6 Canone alla Seconda 1:26 8 Variatio 7 al tempo di Giga 2:24 9 Variatio 8 2:01 10 Variatio 9 Canone alla Terza 1:49 11 Variatio 10 Fughetta 1:45 12 Variatio 11 2:22 13 Variatio 12 Canone alla Quarta in moto contrario 3:21 14 Variatio 13 4:36 15 Variatio 14 2:07 16 Variatio 15 Canone alla Quinta. Andante 3:24 17 Variatio 16 Ouverture 3:26 18 Variatio 17 2:23 19 Variatio 18 Canone alla Sesta 1:58 20 Variatio 19 1:45 21 Variatio 20 3:10 22 Variatio 21 Canone alla Settima 2:31 23 Variatio 22 alla breve 1:42 24 Variatio 23 2:33 25 Variatio 24 Canone all’Ottava 2:30 26 Variatio 25 Adagio 4:31 27 Variatio 26 2:07 28 Variatio 27 Canone alla Nona 2:18 29 Variatio 28 2:29 30 Variatio 29 2:04 31 Variatio 30 Quodlibet 2:38 32 Aria da Capo 2:35 4 AN INTRODUCTION analysis than usual. -
Ausgewählte Werke
Gottfried August Homilius Ausgewählte Werke Reihe 4: Instrumentalwerke Band 2 herausgegeben von Uwe Wolf In Zusammenarbeit mit dem Bach-Archiv Leipzig Gottfried August Homilius 32 Praeludia zu geistlichen Liedern für zwei Claviere und Pedal Choralvorspiele für Orgel herausgegeben von Uwe Wolf Urtext 37.107 Vorwort […] Im nachmittäglichen Gottesdienste wurden 3 Lieder gesungen, und der seelige Mann hatte es sich zum Gesetz gemacht, allemal drey Gottfried August Homilius wurde am 2. Februar 1714 in Rosenthal verschiedene Vorspiele, auf die er sich den Sonnabend vorher sorgfältig vorbereitete, zu den 3 Liedern zu machen. […] Alle Musikkenner und (Sachsen) als Sohn eines Pastors geboren. Bereits kurz nach seiner Liebhaber versammelten sich Nachmittags in der Kirche, um diese Prälu- Geburt zog die Familie nach Porschendorf bei Pirna, wo Homilius dien zu hören, und Homilius erwarb sich damit den Ruhm eines großen, die ersten Jahre seines Lebens verbrachte.1 Nach dem Tod des Vaters selbst des größten Organisten seiner Zeit, wenn man Erfindung und Ge- wechselte er 1722 – wohl auf Betreiben seiner Mutter – an die von schmack mit in Anschlag bringt.7 deren Bruder geleitete Annenschule nach Dresden. Gegen Ende seiner Schulzeit übernahm Homilius bereits vertretungsweise den Von Daniel Gottlob Türk, einem anderen Schüler Homilius’, erfah- Organistendienst an der Annen-Kirche. ren wir, dass die erwähnte sorgfältige Vorbereitung tatsächlich im Im Mai 1735 wurde Homilius als Jurastudent an der Universität schriftlichen Fixieren der Praeludien bestand, -
Simone Dinnerstein, Piano Sat, Jan 30 Virtual Performance Simone Dinnerstein Piano
SIMONE DINNERSTEIN, PIANO SAT, JAN 30 VIRTUAL PERFORMANCE SIMONE DINNERSTEIN PIANO SAT, JAN 30 VIRTUAL PERFORMANCE PROGRAM Ich Ruf Zu Dir Frederico Busoni (1866-1924) Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) Three Chorales Johann Sebastian Bach Ich Ruf Zu Dir Richard Danielpour Frederico Busoni (1866-1924) | Johann Sebastian Bach, (1685-1750) (b, 1956) Les Barricades Mysterieuses François Couperin (1688-1733) Arabesque in C major, Op. 18 Robert Schumann (1810-1856) Mad Rush Philip Glass (b. 1937) Tic Toc Choc François Couperin BACH: “ICH RUF’ ZU DIR,” BWV 639 (ARR. BUSONI) Relatively early in his career, Bach worked in Weimar as the court organist. While serving in this capacity, he produced his Orgelbüchlein (little organ book): a collection of 46 chorale preludes. Each piece borrows a Lutheran hymn tune, set in long notes against a freer backdrop. “Ich ruf’ zu dir,” a general prayer for God’s grace, takes a particularly plaintive approach. The melody is presented with light ornamentation in the right hand, a flowing middle voice is carried by the left, and the organ’s pedals offer a steady walking bassline. The work is further colored by Bach’s uncommon choice of key, F Minor, which he tended to reserve for more wrought contrapuntal works. In this context, though, it lends a warmth to the original text’s supplication. In arranging the work for piano, around the year 1900, Busoni’s main challenge was to condense the original three-limbed texture to two. Not only did he manage to do this, while preserving the original pitches almost exactly, he found a way to imitate the organ’s timbral fullness. -
The Sources of the Christmas Interpolations in J. S. Bach's Magnificat in E-Flat Major (BWV 243A)*
The Sources of the Christmas Interpolations in J. S. Bach's Magnificat in E-flat Major (BWV 243a)* By Robert M. Cammarota Apart from changes in tonality and instrumentation, the two versions of J. S. Bach's Magnificat differ from each other mainly in the presence offour Christmas interpolations in the earlier E-flat major setting (BWV 243a).' These include newly composed settings of the first strophe of Luther's lied "Vom Himmel hoch, da komm ich her" (1539); the last four verses of "Freut euch und jubiliert," a celebrated lied whose origin is unknown; "Gloria in excelsis Deo" (Luke 2:14); and the last four verses and Alleluia of "Virga Jesse floruit," attributed to Paul Eber (1570).2 The custom of troping the Magnificat at vespers on major feasts, particu larly Christmas, Easter, and Pentecost, was cultivated in German-speaking lands of central and eastern Europe from the 14th through the 17th centu ries; it continued to be observed in Leipzig during the first quarter of the 18th century. The procedure involved the interpolation of hymns and popu lar songs (lieder) appropriate to the feast into a polyphonic or, later, a con certed setting of the Magnificat. The texts of these interpolations were in Latin, German, or macaronic Latin-German. Although the origin oftroping the Magnificat is unknown, the practice has been traced back to the mid-14th century. The earliest examples of Magnifi cat tropes occur in the Seckauer Cantional of 1345.' These include "Magnifi cat Pater ingenitus a quo sunt omnia" and "Magnificat Stella nova radiat. "4 Both are designated for the Feast of the Nativity.' The tropes to the Magnificat were known by different names during the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries. -
Goldberg Variations
J. S. Bach Goldberg-Variationen BWV 988 1 ARIA mit verschiedenen Veränderungen für Cembalo mit 2 Manualen (Goldberg-Variationen) BWV 988 3 4 43 5 9 13 To our lovely children, from Mom and Dad. Thank you for all of the joy you have brought to our lives. 2 17 20 23 27 30 3 VARIATIO 1 a 1 Clav. 3 4 3 4 4 7 10 13 Für Natalie, Fiona und Isabelle. 'Dem höchsten Gott allein zu Ehren, dem Nächsten, draus sich zu belehren' - 4 Lebensmusik, im Sinne des Meisters nun freigesetzt, für Euch und Eure Welt. 17 20 23 26 -
Goldberg Variations' in the Neue Bach Ausgabe Erich Schwandt
Performance Practice Review Volume 3 Article 2 Number 1 Spring Questions concerning the Edition of the 'Goldberg Variations' in the Neue Bach Ausgabe Erich Schwandt Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr Part of the Music Practice Commons Schwandt, Erich (1990) "Questions concerning the Edition of the 'Goldberg Variations' in the Neue Bach Ausgabe," Performance Practice Review: Vol. 3: No. 1, Article 2. DOI: 10.5642/perfpr.199003.01.2 Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr/vol3/iss1/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Claremont at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Performance Practice Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Editing Problems Questions Concerning the Edition of the 'Goldberg Variations* in the Neue Bach Ausgabe Erich Schwandt The world has been waiting for almost 250 years for a completely authoritative text of the "Goldberg Variations," which were published in Bach's lifetime (in 1741 or 1742) as the fourth part of the Clavierilbung. Balthasar Schmid of Nuremburg engraved them with great care; nonetheless, his elegant engraving contained a few wrong notes, and some slurs, ties, accidentals, and ornament signs were inadvertently omitted. In addition, some of the ornaments are ambiguous, and some blurred. In the absence of Bach's autograph, Schmid's engraving must remain the primary source for the "Goldberg Variations," and Bach's own 'corrected' copy1 takes pride of place over the other extant copies corrected by Bach. When the Bach Gesellschaft (hereafter BGA) published the "Goldberg Variations" in 18532, the editor, C. -
Rethinking J.S. Bach's Musical Offering
Rethinking J.S. Bach’s Musical Offering Rethinking J.S. Bach’s Musical Offering By Anatoly Milka Translated from Russian by Marina Ritzarev Rethinking J.S. Bach’s Musical Offering By Anatoly Milka Translated from Russian by Marina Ritzarev This book first published 2019 Cambridge Scholars Publishing Lady Stephenson Library, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE6 2PA, UK British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Copyright © 2019 by Anatoly Milka All rights for this book reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-5275-3706-4 ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-3706-4 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures........................................................................................... vii List of Schemes ....................................................................................... viii List of Music Examples .............................................................................. x List of Tables ............................................................................................ xii List of Abbreviations ............................................................................... xiii Preface ...................................................................................................... xv Introduction ............................................................................................... -
A Study of Musical Rhetoric in JS Bach's Organ Fugues
A Study of Musical Rhetoric in J. S. Bach’s Organ Fugues BWV 546, 552.2, 577, and 582 A document submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS in the Keyboard Division of the College-Conservatory of Music March 2015 by Wei-Chun Liao BFA, National Taiwan Normal University, 1999 MA, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2002 MEd, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2003 Committee Chair: Roberta Gary, DMA Abstract This study explores the musical-rhetorical tradition in German Baroque music and its connection with Johann Sebastian Bach’s fugal writing. Fugal theory according to musica poetica sources includes both contrapuntal devices and structural principles. Johann Mattheson’s dispositio model for organizing instrumental music provides an approach to comprehending the process of Baroque composition. His view on the construction of a subject also offers a way to observe a subject’s transformation in the fugal process. While fugal writing was considered the essential compositional technique for developing musical ideas in the Baroque era, a successful musical-rhetorical dispositio can shape the fugue from a simple subject into a convincing and coherent work. The analyses of the four selected fugues in this study, BWV 546, 552.2, 577, and 582, will provide a reading of the musical-rhetorical dispositio for an understanding of Bach’s fugal writing. ii Copyright © 2015 by Wei-Chun Liao All rights reserved iii Acknowledgements The completion of this document would not have been possible without the help and support of many people.