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Perspektiven Der ELEKTROMOBILITÄT Für Energiewende, Produktion Und Ladeinfrastruktur

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Perspektiven Der ELEKTROMOBILITÄT Für Energiewende, Produktion Und Ladeinfrastruktur Perspektiven der ELEKTROMOBILITÄT für Energiewende, Produktion und Ladeinfrastruktur Aktuelle Ergebnisse und internationale Einordnung der Begleit- und Wirkungsforschung zum Förderprogramm ELEKTRO POWER II des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie Impressum Herausgeber Begleit- und Wirkungsforschung ELEKTRO POWER II Institut für Innovation und Technik in der VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH, Berlin TÜV Rheinland Consulting GmbH, Köln Text und Redaktion Begleit- und Wirkungsforschung ELEKTRO POWER II Institut für Innovation und Technik in der VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH, Berlin TÜV Rheinland Consulting GmbH, Köln LoeschHundLiepold Kommunikation GmbH, Berlin Autorinnen und Autoren Dr. Katharina Vera Boesche Ilona Friesen Dr. Marcia Giacomini Jan-Hinrich Gieschen Dr. Sören Grawenhoff Doris Johnsen Uwe Seidel Dr. Stefan Wolf Layout A.-S. Piehl, VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH Bildnachweis © iStock/KateDemianov (Titel) © iStock/kasto80 (S. 2) © iStock/ollo (S. 4/5) © Institut für Innovation und Technik in der VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH (Idee), LoeschHundLiepold Kommunikation GmbH (Grafik) (S. 13) © Tom Bayer/Fotolia (S. 16) © iStockScharfsinn86 (S. 22) © iStock/Firstsignal (S. 34) © Braunschweiger Verkehrs-GmbH (S. 39) © ShantiHesse/Thinkstock (S. 47) Berlin, Oktober 2018 Die Begleit- und Wirkungsforschung zum Förderprogramm „ELEKTRO POWER II: Elektromobilität - Positionierung der Wert- schöpfungskette“ wird im Auftrag des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Energie durch das Institut für Innovation und Technik in Berlin und die TÜV Rheinland Consulting GmbH in Köln durchgeführt. Inhalt 1 1 INHALT 1 Deutschland im Sommer 2018: Die Elektromobilität legt an Fahrt zu ........................................................3 2 Elektromobilität als Teil der Energiewende ..................................................................................................7 2.1 Kurzvorstellung des Themenfeldes und Bezug zu ELEKTRO POWER II .............................................................................7 2.2 Operationalisierung des Themenfeldes ..........................................................................................................................7 2.3 Zentrale, aktuelle Entwicklungen in dem betrachteten Themenfeld ................................................................................8 2.4 Beitrag der jeweiligen geförderten Projekte zu diesem Themenfeld .............................................................................12 2.5 Internationale Betrachtung ..........................................................................................................................................16 2.6 Fazit ............................................................................................................................................................................17 3 Elektromobile Wertschöpfungskette im Bereich der Produktion..............................................................18 3.1 Kurzvorstellung des Themenfeldes und Bezug zu ELEKTRO POWER II ...........................................................................18 3.2 Produktion von Fahrzeugen .........................................................................................................................................19 3.3 Produktion von Batteriezellen ......................................................................................................................................30 4 Induktive Ladesysteme im öffentlich zugänglichen Raum .......................................................................36 4.1 Kurzvorstellung des Themenfeldes und Bezug zu ELEKTRO POWER II ...........................................................................36 4.2 Operationalisierung des Themenfeldes ........................................................................................................................37 4.3 Entwicklungen auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene .............................................................................................39 4.4 Beitrag der jeweiligen geförderten Projekte zu diesem Themenfeld .............................................................................44 4.5 Fazit ............................................................................................................................................................................47 5 Internationale Marktentwicklung der Elektromobilität ............................................................................48 5.1 Ausgewählte europäische Länder ................................................................................................................................49 5.2 China ..........................................................................................................................................................................57 5.3 Japan ..........................................................................................................................................................................63 5.4 USA ............................................................................................................................................................................69 5.5 Ausblick: Entwicklung der Elektromobilität außerhalb der etablierten Märkte...............................................................75 6 Fazit und Handlungsempfehlungen ............................................................................................................80 7 Conclusions and recommendations for action ...........................................................................................82 8 Literaturverzeichnis ......................................................................................................................................84 Deutschland im Sommer 2018: Die Elektromobilität legt an Fahrt zu 3 1 DEUTSCHLAND IM SOMMER 2018: DIE ELEKTROMOBILITÄT LEGT AN FAHRT ZU Juli 2018 „Deutschland ist Leitanbieter und Leitmarkt für Elektromobili- Das Unternehmen Sono Motors aus München vermeldet fast tät und weltweit führend bei den notwendigen Schlüsseltech- 6.500 Vorbestellungen für das „erste serienmäßige Elektro- nologien. Eine Million Elektrofahrzeuge sind integraler, breit auto, das seine Batterie durch die Sonne lädt“, gefertigt in akzeptierter Bestandteil in einem umfangreichen Portfolio Deutschland, mit einer Batterie aus heimischer Herstellung innovativer Antriebsformen. Über Informations- und Kommu- (Sono Motors, 2018). BMW verkündet, ab 2021 Batteriezellen nikationstechnologien sind sie mit intelligenten Verkehrssyste- für seine Elektroautos aus der geplanten CATL-Fabrik in Erfurt men vernetzt und integrativer Bestandteil eines intelligenten zu beziehen, geplantes Auftragsvolumen in Deutschland: Energiesystems (Smart Grid). Das Zusammenspiel zwischen 1,5 Milliarden Euro (Reuters 2018). intermodalen Angeboten, regenerativer Energieerzeugung und dem Einsatz emissionsfreier Elektrofahrzeuge schöpft Juni 2018, CEBIT zusätzliche Chancen für Ökologie und Verkehr aus. Emsig und geräuschlos kreisen die ersten Prototypen des „e.GO“ ihre Proberunden für die interessierte Öffentlichkeit. Dabei steht »Elektromobilität made in Germany« für sys- Die Schlangen für die Testfahrten sind lang; das Interesse am temische Lösungen über die Grenzen traditioneller Indus- e.GO ist groß. Mit diesem rein elektrisch betriebenen Klein- triebranchen hinweg. Mit neuen Materialien, Produkten, wagen für die urbane Mobilität, entwickelt an der Rheinisch- Dienstleistungen und Geschäftsmodellen werden Wert- Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), nimmt schöpfungspotenziale der Elektromobilität genutzt; die dafür eine weitere Markterfolgsstory Fahrt auf. notwendige Produktions- und Fertigungstechnologie stammt aus Deutschland. Mehr noch: Forschung und Entwicklung der deutschen Wissenschaft und Industrie definieren den inter- An dem Konzeptfahrzeug aus Aachen lässt sich die beginnen- nationalen Maßstab für Innovation in der Elektromobilität. de Transformation der deutschen Automobilindustrie ideal Deutsche Ausbildungs- und Qualifizierungskonzepte, die alle verdeutlichen. Zeitgleich mit der erfolgreichen Entwicklung zentralen Aspekte der Elektromobilität abdecken, sind inter- des Nutzfahrzeugs Streetscooter wurde die Idee des kompak- national stark nachgefragt. Ausgezeichnete Wissenschaftler, ten e.Go am Lehrstuhl „Production Engineering of E-Mobility Ingenieure und Fachkräfte sind die Basis für einen stetigen Components“ an der RWTH geboren. Zwischen 2010 und Vorsprung Deutschlands im Bereich der Elektromobilität. 2015 wurde entwickelt, ausprobiert, verbessert und eine erste Kleinserie in der Aachener Manufaktur gefertigt. Als Aufgrund des technologischen und konzeptionellen Vor- Anspruch wurde neben dem günstigen, auf den Wettbewerb sprungs im weltweiten Wettbewerb ist die Exportnachfrage ausgerichteten Verkaufspreis für ein Serienfahrzeug vor allem nach Elektromobilitätsgütern und -leistungen aus deutscher die Derivatisierbarkeit des Grundmodells formuliert. Durch Produktion überdurchschnittlich. Zudem hat Recycling im Fertigung und Montage gleichbleibender Grundmodule sollen Rohstoffkreislauf einen hohen Stellenwert. Wirtschaftliche verschiedene Modellvarianten entstehen, die je nach Markt- Recyclinglösungen leisten neben einer aktiven Rohstoffpoli- nachfrage bedarfsgerecht produziert werden. Um dieses Ziel tik einen relevanten Beitrag zur langfristigen Verfügbarkeit zu erreichen, mussten Herausforderungen, die die gesamte
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