History of Paediatric Treatment in the Reichsuniversität Straßburg (1941-1944) Aisling Shalvey
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History of paediatric treatment in the Reichsuniversität Straßburg (1941-1944) Aisling Shalvey To cite this version: Aisling Shalvey. History of paediatric treatment in the Reichsuniversität Straßburg (1941-1944). His- tory. Université de Strasbourg, 2021. English. NNT : 2021STRAG002. tel-03283700 HAL Id: tel-03283700 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03283700 Submitted on 12 Jul 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITÉ DE STRASBOURG ÉCOLE DOCTORALE 519 Sciences humaines et sociales – Perspectives européennes [ ARCHE ] THÈSE présentée par : Aisling SHALVEY soutenue le : 12 mars 2021 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur de l’université de Strasbourg Discipline/ Spécialité : Histoire Contemporaine de la Médecine History of Paediatric Treatment in the Reichsuniversität Straßburg (1941-1944) THÈSE dirigée par : Professeur MAURER Catherine Directrice du thèse, Université de Strasbourg Professeur WEINDLING Paul Directeur du thèse, Oxford Brookes University RAPPORTEURS : Professeur VON BUELTZINGSLOEWEN Isabelle Professor, Université Lumière Lyon 2 Professeur ROELCKE Volker Professor, Justus-Liebig- Universität Gießen AUTRES MEMBRES DU JURY : Professeur BONAH Christian Professor, Université de Strasbourg 1 Do mo sheantuismitheoirí Le grá 2 Acknowledgements I am extraordinarily lucky to have so many people who have supported me throughout the process of writing my PhD thesis; too many people to list, so I will begin by saying thank you to everyone who has helped me along the way. Thank you to my supervisors, Catherine Maurer and Paul Weindling, for being prompt with their edits on my drafts, and for pushing me to improve upon my work. Thank you to my colleagues in the Historical Commission of the Reichsuniversität Straßburg for their help. Thank you to my thesis jury and my colleagues at DHVS. Thank you to my previous academic mentors for encouraging me to pursue a PhD, in particular Marius Turda and John Paul Newman. Many thanks to the Fondation pour la Memoire de la Shoah, and the University of Strasbourg who have funded this research, and without whom this project could not have come to fruition. Thank you to the historical commission for hiring me, for providing peer support, encouragement, and an amazing archive network. Thank you to Paul Weindling and Florian Schmaltz, the presidents of the commission, who have provided a platform to share my research and given me the tools to do so. It has been an honour to work with such incredible academics, but I feel Gabriele Moser, Sabine Hildebrandt and Christian Bonah require a particular thanks, for reading my thesis, for encouraging me throughout the process, and for providing advice. Thank you to Volker Roelcke, Isabelle von Bueltzingsloewen, Sara Doll, and Tricia Close Koenig for helping me with my research, sharing your research findings with me, and answering all my questions. Thank you to Elizabeth Fuchs for all her help with proof reading my translations and offering support. Thank you to Katie Jones for being so helpful and encouraging. To the archivists at the Archives Départementales du Bas Rhin, Archives de la Ville et de l'Eurométropole, Bundesarchiv Berlin, Humboldt Universität Archiv, Archives Nationales de France at Pierrefitte, Staatsarchiv Sigmaringen, Archiv Universität Wien, Archives du 3 Stephansfeld, Archives de la Faculté du Médecine, Landesarchiv Stuttgart, Bridgeman Image Archives, and the Amis des Hôpitaux Universitaires, for being so helpful with inquiries and access to archival sources. Special thanks to the archivists at the International Tracing Service in Bad Arolsen for being so accommodating with remote access to archives during the pandemic. Thanks to the librarians at the Bibliothèque de médecine et odontologie, Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire de Strasbourg, and the Bibliothèque d'Histoire de Médecine for their help in ordering books from often obscure places. Thank you to Loïc Lutz for helping in my archival research. Thank you to Gerard Schaussig for putting me in contact with many interesting people. Thank you to Dr Levy and his family, for welcoming me and answering my questions about life at the hospital. A huge thanks to Therèse Vincent for being so kind, helpful, and welcoming, as well as being patient with my imperfect French. Thank you to my colleagues in Strasbourg. Thank you to my incredible friends in Ireland who have endured years of me talking about this project and offering their advice; thank you to the friends I made in Vienna and Strasbourg, and to Moni Robson. Special thanks to Neale Rooney, without whom I could not have finished this work. Thank you to Caoimhe Burke, Caoimhe Kiernan, Darragh Fleming, Sean Woods, and Richard Breen for helping me to proof drafts, and coming to visit me in Strasbourg. This work is dedicated to my family. In particular, thank you to my granny for her constant interest in my work and her help with proofreading. Thank you to my wonderful parents and sister, for encouraging me to pursue this opportunity and supporting me throughout my education. Special thanks to Joan Shalvey for helping me with my data analysis and teaching me about computer systems long after hours. Thank you to my extended family, for all their help and kindness. 4 5 Dlaatio su l’hoeu Declaration of Honour J’affie te ifo ue le plagiat est ue faute gave suseptile de ee à des satios adiistatives et disipliaies pouvat alle jusu’au evoi de l’Uivesit de Stasoug et passile de pousuites devat les tiuaux de la République Française. Je suis osiete ue l’asee de itatio laie et taspaete d’ue source empruntée à un tiers (texte, idée, raisonnement ou autre création) est constitutive de plagiat. Au vu de ce qui précède, j’atteste su l’honneu ue le tavail décit dans mon manuscrit de thèse est un travail original et que je n’ai pas eu ecous au plagiat ou à toute autre forme de fraude. I affirm that I am aware that plagiarism is a serious misconduct that may lead to administrative and disciplinary sanctions up to dismissal from the University of Strasbourg and liable to prosecution in the courts of the French Republic. I am aware that the absence of a clear and transparent citation of a source borrowed from a third party (text, idea, reasoning or other creation) is constitutive of plagiarism. In view of the foregoing, I hereby certify that the work described in my thesis manuscript is original work and that I have not resorted to plagiarism or any other form of fraud. Nom : Prénom : Shalvey, Aisling Ecole doctorale : ED 519 Laboratoire : ARCHE Date : 03.06.21 Signature : 6 Table of Contents Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................1 Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................7 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................ 12 Terminology .......................................................................................................................... 13 Archive Abbreviations ........................................................................................................... 17 Tables and Figures ................................................................................................................. 17 Appendices. ........................................................................................................................... 24 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 26 (i) Aims of the Thesis and General Questions ........................................................................ 26 (ii) Methodology of Dealing with Source Material Including Patient Files ............................. 28 (iii) Note on Sources: Availability, Absence, and How This Shaped the Analysis .................. 30 (iv) Limitations of sources ..................................................................................................... 34 (v) Issue of Nationality Politics in Patient Files ...................................................................... 34 (vi) Historiography of Previous Research on the Reichsuniversität Straßburg ........................ 38 (vii) Ethics in Medical Research; Reichsrichtlinien ................................................................ 43 (viii) Evacuation of Strasbourg and Germanisation of Alsace ................................................ 46 (ix) Three Era Structure of the Reichsuniversität Straßburg, 1941-1944 ................................. 54 (x) Establishment of the Reichsuniversität Straßburg ............................................................. 57 (xi) Hirt, Haagen and Bickenbach; An Indication to Criminal Research Interests at the Reichsuniversität Straßburg ................................................................................................... 61 (xii) Conclusion ....................................................................................................................