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Apodemia Mormo) Prairie Population in Canada (2008 – 2017) Recommended Citation Parks Canada Agency

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Apodemia Mormo) Prairie Population in Canada (2008 – 2017) Recommended Citation Parks Canada Agency Report on the Implementation of the Recovery Strategy for the Mormon Metalmark (Apodemia mormo) Prairie Population in Canada (2008 – 2017) Recommended Citation Parks Canada Agency. 2018. Report on the Implementation of the Recovery Strategy for the Mormon Metalmark (Apodemia mormo) Prairie Population in Canada (2008-2017). Introduction The final Recovery Strategy for the Mormon Metalmark (Apodemia mormo) Prairie Population in Canada was posted on the Species at Risk Public Registry on January 14, 2008. The recovery strategy included a goal and objectives for this species, and a description of activities required to meet the goal and objectives. Under section 46 of the Species at Risk Act (SARA), the competent minister is responsible for reporting on the implementation of the recovery strategy and on the progress towards meeting its objectives five years after it is included on the registry and in every subsequent five-year period, until its objectives have been achieved or the species’ recovery is no longer feasible. This document reports on the implementation of the Recovery Strategy for the Mormon Metalmark (Apodemia mormo) Prairie Population in Canada from 2008 through 2017, and the progress towards meeting its goal and objectives. Implementation of the Recovery Strategy and Progress towards Meeting its Objectives The Recovery Strategy for the Mormon Metalmark (Apodemia mormo) Prairie Population in Canada identified the goal “to maintain suitable habitat and ecological linkages within the known range of the Prairie population of the Mormon Metalmark, which preserves the opportunity for natural processes to shape the population dynamics and the evolution of the species” and then identified a number of objectives and strategies associated with achieving this goal. Implementation of all performance measures needed to achieve the six recovery objectives have been completed fully or in part. The work that was undertaken to implement the Recovery Strategy objectives resulted in, among other things, the discovery of additional Mormon Metalmark colonies which led COSEWIC to recommend the down listing of the Mormon Metalmark butterflies from Threatened to Special Concern. In 2008, there were only eight known Mormon Metalmark colonies for the prairie population and fewer than 50 geo-referenced butterfly observations. In an effort to assess and map all potential Mormon Metalmark habitat outside of the known range in 2008, surveys were conducted throughout suitable unsurveyed badland habitat in Grasslands National Park (GNP), Val Marie and Beaver Valley Agriculture and Agri-food (formerly Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration) community pastures, as well as private and provincial leased land adjacent to Grasslands National Park. These initial surveys contributed to a landscape scale predictive 1 model which was used to guide subsequent surveys. This model greatly increased the ability to Mormon Metalmark more accurately focus survey effort. As a result, Butterflies: Firsts for Canada within the Grasslands National Park area, there Implementation of the Recovery are 1,568 distinct geo-referenced Mormon Strategy resulted in some unique first Metalmark butterfly observations with over 150 time observations. Metalmark colonies delineated (Illerbrun 2015). butterfly survey work on 23 July 2007 The model was also used to inform a standardized resulted in the earliest flight period monitoring protocol for Mormon Metalmark observation ever documented in butterflies. This protocol was implemented Canada (Henderson et al. 2008). In annually up to and including 2014 to confirm the summer of 2009, surveys were population stability. conducted to find the elusive Mormon Metalmark caterpillar. Recovery objectives also included mark and These caterpillars are crepuscular recapture population estimates which were (active during dawn and dusk) so, determined for seven Mormon Metalmark unlike the butterfly stage, caterpillars colonies of varying sizes. This allows a rough are hidden during the day. Early estimate of population numbers based on colony mornings, late nights, and patience size. Additionally, to refine habitat characteristics paid off and for the first time in necessary for the butterflies, attributes of Canada, the Mormon Metalmark occupied habitat were compared to unoccupied caterpillar was documented in habitat. Butterflies were found to occur in sites Grasslands National Park. with a combination of the following variables: Additionally, during mark and higher percent bare ground and soil pH, steeper recapture surveys in 2011, female slope, southerly to southwesterly aspect, lower butterflies were observed laying eggs elevation, and lower soil nitrogen. directly on soil and rocks (Wick et al. All these data were used to delineate Mormon 2012), not just on the branched Metalmark critical habitat in the Multi-species umbrella (Eriogonum pauciflorum) Action Plan for Grasslands National Park of Canada host plant, as was previously thought (2016) and the Action Plan for Multiple Species at from studies of this species Risk in Southwestern Saskatchewan: South of the elsewhere. Observations of egg laying Divide (2017). The GNP action plan incorporated as well as using different habitat all species at risk in Grasslands National Park that were both Canadian firsts and this required an action plan under section 49 of SARA behaviour is distinctly different from in addition to other species of conservation the Mormon Metalmark butterflies concern. Together, these Action Plans resulted in a found in the United States. landscape scale conservation initiative that is beneficial to many prairie species. Expanding Mormon Metalmark surveys beyond badland areas could result in identifying even more occupied habitat. Genetic work by Proshek et al. (2013) revealed Mormon Metalmark Mormon Metalmark that the Mormon Metalmark populations in caterpillar ©Shelley Pruss butterfly ©Parks Canada 2 Saskatchewan are not closely related to those in British Columbia (BC) and the Saskatchewan butterflies are much more genetically diverse. While the BC population is relatively isolated, in Saskatchewan there is gene flow with several other eastern populations in the United States. Understanding Mormon Metalmark distribution and habitat requirements has helped guide management for activities occurring near Metalmark colonies. For example, a trail in Grasslands National Park was re-routed to avoid disturbing an active colony which was later designated as critical habitat. Literature associated with Implementation of the Recovery Strategy The following list presents a selection of reports and papers that have been completed during or resulted directly from the implementation of the Recovery Strategy for the Mormon Metalmark (Apodemia mormo) Prairie Population in Canada. Anweiler, G. 2009. Surveys in Southern Alberta for Mormon Metalmark (Apodemia mormo) butterflies. Internal Parks Canada report. Environment and Climate Change Canada. 2016. Action Plan for Multiple Species at Risk in Southwestern Saskatchewan: South of the Divide. Species at Risk Act Action Plan Series. Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa. xi + 127 pp. Henderson, A.P. 2008. Monitoring Mormon Metalmark, Apodemia mormo, in Grasslands National Park 2008. Unpublished report for Parks Canada. 10 pp. Henderson, A., P. Fargey, S. Pruss and F. Sperling. 2008. Early sighting of a rare butterfly, Mormon Metalmark, in Grasslands National Park, SK. Blue Jay 66:105-106. Illubrun, K., and A. Wick. 2014. Predictive habitat model validation for the Mormon Metalmark butterfly in Grasslands National Park, SK. Preliminary report, including newly documented populations for 2013. Unpublished report for Parks Canada. 26 pp. Illerbrun, K. 2015. The Mormon Metalmark butterfly, Apodemia mormo, in Grasslands National Park, SK. Summary of recent research, including all known populations. Unpublished report for Parks Canada. 70 pp. Parks Canada Agency. 2016. Multi-species Action Plan for Grasslands National Park of Canada. Species at Risk Act Action Plan Series. Parks Canada Agency, Ottawa. iv + 57 pp. Peterson, K., E. Amosa, S. Pruss, and N. Erbilgin. 2010. First caterpillar observations of the Mormon Metalmark (Apodemia mormo) (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae) butterfly in Grasslands National Park, Saskatchewan, Canada. Blue Jay 68: 37-40. Proshek, B., L.A. Crawford, C.S. Davis, S. Desjardins, A.E. Henderson, and F.A.H. Sperling. 2013. Apodemia mormo in Canada: population genetic data support prior conservation ranking. J. Insect. Conserv. 17:155-170. Wick, A.A., J. Janelle, S. Pruss, and N. Erbilgin. 2012. First observations of Mormon Metalmark (Apodemia mormo) oviposition behaviour in Canada. Canadian Field-Naturalist 126(1): 34–37. 3 Wick, A.A. 2013. Beyond the host plant: Multi-scale habitat models for a northern peripheral population of the butterfly, Apodemia mormo (Lepidoptera: Riodinidae). MSc. Thesis, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB. 90 pp. Wick, A., S. Pruss, J. Spence, N. Erbilgin. 2014. Microhabitat Use in a Northern Peripheral Population of Apodemia mormo: Factors Beyond the Host Plant. Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 68(1): 54–60. 4 .
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