Silva Balcanica, 17(2)/2016

Forestry and riparian long-legged (Diptera: ) from Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain with new records for

Mihail Kechev University of Agribusiness and Rural Development, Bulgarian Scientific Selection-Technical Union -

Abstract

Thirty four dolichopodid flies were collected from six localities in Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain, Bulgaria. Two species (Peloropeodes acuticornis (Oldenberg) and Neurigona erichsoni (Zetterstedt)) are new to the fauna of Bulgaria. Peloropeodes acuticornis is new to the Balkan Peninsula. Two other species previous described from Bulgaria ( chaetifemoratus Pollet et Kechev and T. medovoensis Kechev, Negrobov et Grichanov) are found in this survey and another localities for the country are given. Two dolichopodids are dominant in this region – Hercostomus gracilis (Stannius) (35.2%) and Poecilobothrus regalis (Meigen, 1824) (14.8%). The information over two-year survey is summarized in the faunistic list. Dolichopodid diversity is discussed and tabled together with previous investigation of Omurovska River. Key words: Dolichopodidae, Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain, Omurovska River, Bulgaria

Introduction

Family Dolichopodidae, also called long-legged flies, is one of the most abundant families of true flies with more than 7200 described species worldwide. Most of them within the family are predators and dwell aquatic and semi-aquatic habitats. Relatively well studied regions in Bulgaria are Northern Black Sea Coast (Beschovski 1964, 1967, 1971, 1973), the Western Rhodopes (Kechev, 2007; 2010) and the (Kechev, 2012a, b; Kechev, Ivanova, 2015). The main purpose of this work is to investigate the dolichopodid diversity of poorly studied area such as Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain and to complete the list of known species of Omurovska River. The survey in the present article can be considered as a continuation of three-year (2011-2013) investigation of dolichopodid diversity along the banks of Omurovska River (Kechev et al., 2014). Most of the records of this previous study were from its lower and middle courses and one species from the upper course (near Medovo village) was described as new to the science – Teuchophorus medovoensis Kechev, Negrobov et Grichanov. The current work presents two-year investigation of Omurovska River upper tributaries situated in Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain. Studied Area Sarnena Sredna Gora is the third part of Sredna Gora mountain range situated in Central Bulgaria. The mountain stretches between the valley of Stryama River to the west and Toundzha River to the east. To the north it reaches the southern parts of

45 , and Sliven hollows, Mezhdenishkiya gorge of Toundzha River and south slopes gradually sink in the Upper Thracian Plain and Field. Five out of six studied localities are on Omurovska River tributaries. The river rises in Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain, 1 km northeast of Chakalova Polyana Peak, 820 m a.s.l. The total length is 58 km. It flows southwards in the western and southwestern Heights in a narrow valley, where several villages are situated. Two main tributaries converge (Suha River is the right tributary, and Starata River is the left one) near the villages of Malak Dol and Golyam Dol, where the actual Omurovska River begins. At Partizanin village, the river enters Upper Thracian Plain . In the plain, the river becomes wider and shallower. It flows into River (120 m), 600 m to the south of Krushevo village, Municipality of Parvomay.

Material and Methods

The material was collected by sweep net in the period 2015-2016 from six localities in Sarnena Sredna Gora Mountain (Fig.1, Table 1). After collecting, the adults were put in vials containing 95% ethanol. The samples were sorted in laboratory by using stereomicroscope. Literature by Negrobov, Stackelberg (1969), Grichanov (2007) was used for the species determination, and for distribution of species works by Negrobov (1991), Pollet (2011) and Grichanov (2014). The faunistic list gives the following information: place and date of collecting, number of specimens (male and female), name of collector and distribution. The material was stored in alcohol in the author’s collection at University of Agribusiness and Rural Development - Plovdiv.

Results Faunistic list DIAPHORINAE Schiner, 1864 Argyra leucocephala (Meigen, 1824) Material examined: Chehlare, 18.VIII.2015, 2♂♂; Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 2♂♂, 22 ♀♀, Kavakliika hut, 28.VI.2016, 3♀; Dolno Novo Selo village, 17.IX.2016, 1♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia. Chrysotus femoratus Zetterstedt, 1843 Material examined: Markovo village, 22.IX.2016, 1♂, 4♀♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europa; Transpalaearctic species. DOLICHOPODINAE Latreille, 1809 Dolichopus excisus Loew, 1859 Material examined: Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 1♂; Markovo village, 22.IX.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe (except North), South Russia, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan. Dolichopus griseipennis Stannius, 1831

46 Fig.1. Map of the studied area with localities of collecting

Material examined: Naydenovo village, 25.VII.2015, 1♀; Dolno Novo Selo village, 17.IX.2016, 1♂, 3♀♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; North Africa: Algeria; Middle Asia. Dolichopus latilimbatus Macquart, 1827 Material examined: Markovo village, 19.VI.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe, South Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia. Dolichopus nubilus Meigen, 1824

47 Table 1. Localities of collecting

N Altitude, Geographical Place Habitat m coordinates Mixed beech forests. The driest place on all six studied habitats. Dominant trees - 42 28’ 59” N 1 Fagus sylvatica L., Acer heldreichii B., Acer Kavakliika hut 920 25 13’ 22” E ⁰ pseudoplantanus L. and Carpinus betulus L. ⁰ On the banks of a cool brook overshadowed 2 Gorno Novo Selo 42 27’ 37” N by deciduous trees dominated by Ulmus sp., 560 village 25 13’ 59” E Alnus sp. and Fraxinus sp. ⁰ On the banks of the reservoir with ⁰ deciduous forest. Dominant tree: Quercus Dolno Novo Selo 42 25’ 19” N 3 415 frainetto Ten. and on the dam wall - Robinia village 25 15’ 20” E ⁰ pseudoacacia L. ⁰ On the banks of a cool brook overshadowed 42 24’ 47” N by deciduous trees dominated by Salix sp. 4 Chehlare village 405 25 10’ 24” E ⁰ and Ulmus sp. ⁰ On the banks of a cool brook overshadowed Naydenovo 42 23’ 47” N by deciduous trees dominated by Populus sp., 5 328 village 25 14’ 42” E Salix sp. and Fraxinus sp. ⁰ On the banks of the reservoir with ⁰ 42 22’ 21” N deciduous trees. Dominant species: Quercus 6 Markovo village 287 25 13’ 52” E cerris L. and Quercus pubescens Willd. ⁰ ⁰ Material examined: Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 1♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Asia: China, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Dolichopus salictorum Loew, 1871 Material examined: Markovo village, 19.VI.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Slovakia. Dolichopus signifer Haliday, 1838 Material examined: Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 1♂, 1♀; 25.VII.2015, 3♂♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe, Russia (Kabardino-Balkaria, Krasnodar, Rostov, Voronezh), Ukraine (Crimea, Odessa); Asia: Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey, Uzbekistan; North Africa: Morocco. Gymnopternus aerosus (Fallen, 1823) Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Bulgaria, Romania, South Russia (Alania, Krasnodar), Ukraine; Transpalaearctic species: Taiwan. Hercostomus gracilis (Stannius, 1831) Material examined: Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 2♂♂, 2♀♀; 25.VII.2015, 43♂♂, 13♀♀; Chehlare village, 18.VIII.2015, 18♂♂, 8♀♀; Dolno Novo Selo village, 11.IX.2015, 3♂♂, 1♀; Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2016, 25♂♂, 12♀♀; 15.VIII.2016, 22♂♂, 14♀♀; Dolno Novo Selo village, 17.IX.2016, 2♂♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev.

48 Distribution: Europe, Russia (Blagoveshchensk, Buryatia, Dagestan, Kabardino- Balkaria, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk, Omsk, Samara, Yakutia), Ukraine (Crimea, Poltava); Iran, Kazakhstan, Mongolia. Hercostomus parvilamellatus (Macquart, 1827) Material examined: Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 4♂♂; 19.VI.2016, 2♂♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe. Hercostomus plagiatus (Loew, 1857) Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; North Africa: Algeria, Tunisia. Poecilobothrus chrysozygos (Wiedemann, 1817) Material examined: Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 1♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe, Russia (Adygea, Karachai-Cherkessia, Krasnodar, Lipetsk, Mordovia, Moscow, Voronezh, Ural, Khabarovsk), Turkey, Ukraine (Kharkiv, Kherson, Odessa); Iran, Kazakhstan. Poecilobothrus regalis (Meigen, 1824) Material examined: Markovo village, 28.V.2015, 4♂♂, 1♀; Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 11♂♂, 5♀; Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 5♂♂, 5♀♀; 25.VII.2015, 3♂♂, 2♀♀; Markovo village, 23.V.2016, 3♂♂, 1♀; 19.VI.2016, 10♂♂, 8♀♀; Kavakliika hut, 28.VI.2016, 1♂; Markovo, 12.VII.2016, 8♂♂, 3♀♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe. Sybistroma impar Rondani, 1843 Material examined: Naydenovo village, 25.VII.2015, 2♂♂, 8♀♀; Markovo, 19.VI.2016, 2♂♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Romania, Russia (Krasnodar), Turkey. NEURIGONINAE Aldrich, 1905 Neurigona erichsoni (Zetterstedt, 1843) New to Bulgaria. Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂; Naydenovo villave, 25.VII.2015, 1♂; Markovo village, 19.VI.2016, 1♂, 1♀; Gorno Novo Selo village, 28.VI.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Asia: Iran. PELOROPEODINAE Robinson, 1970 Chrysotimus molliculus (Fallén, 1823) Material examined: Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 1♂; 25.VII.2015, 1♂, 1♀, Gorno Novo Selo village, 28.VI.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe. Peloropeodes acuticornis (Oldenberg, 1916) New to the Balkan Peninsula and Bulgaria. Material examined: Naydenovo villave, 18.VII.2015, 3♂♂; 25.VII.2015, 1♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: France, Hungary, Romania, Greece (Crete) and Russia (Krasnodar) (Grichanov, 2000).

49 RHAPHIINAE Bigot, 1852 Rhaphium appendiculatum Zetterstedt, 1849 Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂; Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 2♂♂, 1♀; 25.VII.2015, 4♂♂; Gorno Novo Selo village, 28.VI.2016, 1♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Asia: Afghanistan, Iran; North Africa: Algeria, Morocco. Rhaphium auctum Loew, 1857 Material examined: Markovo village, 19.VI.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Asia: Afghanistan. Rhaphium brevicorne Curtis, 1835 Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂; Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 1♂; 25.VII.2015, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Canary Islands; Asia: Iraq, Tajikistan; North Africa: Algeria. Rhaphium caliginosum Meigen, 1824 Material examined: Markovo village, 28.V.2015, 3♂♂; Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 4♂♂, 3♀♀; Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 6♂♂, 6♀♀; 25.VII.2015, 5♂♂, 3♀♀; Chehlare village, 18.VIII.2015, 2♂♂; 15.VIII.2016, 3♂♂, 1♀; Dolno Novo Selo village, 23.VIII.2015, 1♂; Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 3♂♂, 5♀♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; North Africa: Algeria. Rhaphium fissum Loew, 1850 Material examined: Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 3♂♂, 2♀; 25.VII.2015, 5♂♂, 1♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Asia: Korea, Tajikistan. Rhaphium penicillatum Loew, 1850 Material examined: Naydenovo village, 25.VII.2015, 2♂♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe, Russia (Krasnodar, St. Petersburg, Voronezh). SYMPYCNINAE Aldrich, 1905 curvipes (Fallén, 1823) Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 4♂♂, 2♀♀; Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 2♂♂, Chehlare village, 18.VIII.2015, 2♂♂; Dolno Novo Selo village, 11.IX.2015, 1♂♂, 1♀; Gorno Novo Selo village, 28.VI.2016, 4♂♂, 4♀♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Canary Islands; North Africa: Algeria. Campsicnemus simplicissimus Strobl, 1906 Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Asia: Tajikistan. Campsicnemus umbripennis Loew, 1856 Material examined: Markovo village, 19.VI.2016, 1♂; Kavakliika hut, 3♂♂, 2♀♀, Markovo village, 22.IX.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Asia: Afghanistan, Iraq, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Turkey. pulicarius (Fallén, 1823)

50 Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 4♂♂, 2♀♀; Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 7♂♂, 3♀♀, Dolno Novo Selo village, 23.VIII.2015, 1♂; Gorno Novo Selo village, 28.VI.2016, 3♂♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Nearctic: California. pallipes (Fabricius, 1794) Material examined: Markovo village, 28.V.2015, 1♂; Naydenovo village, 18.VII.2015, 1♂; Markovo village, 23.V.2016, 1♂, 1♀; 12.VI.2016, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Asia: Afghanistan; Oriental China; North Africa: Algeria; Afrotropics: Madagascar, Tanzania. Teuchophorus chaetifemoratus Pollet et Kechev, 2007 Material examined: Naydenovo village, 25.VII.2015, 1 ♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Bulgaria, Turkey. Teuchophorus cristulatus Meuffels et Grootaert, 1990 Material examined: Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 1 ♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Bulgaria, Italy (Sicily), Turkey. Teuchophorus medovoensis Kechev, Negrobov et Grichanov, 2014 Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 1♂, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Bulgaria. Teuchophorus monacanthus Loew, 1859 Material examined: Chehlare village, 25.VI.2015, 5♂♂, 2♀♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe. Teuchophorus spinigerellus (Zetterstedt, 1843) Material examined: Markovo village, 12.VI.2016, 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀, leg. M. Kechev. Distribution: Europe; Asia: Kazakhstan.

Discussion

Analyzing the number of collected specimens in this survey (total 472) two species can be considered to be dominant in the region – Hercostomus gracilis (35,2%) and Poecilobothrus regalis (14,8%). P. regalis is a very abundant around ponds and marshes in Upper Thracian Plain and a large number of specimens during the period May- August can be found (Kechev, Ivanova, 2015). There are no records of H. gracilis in Upper Thracian Plain up to now. As it can be seen from Fig. 2 P. regalis is with a high abundance during May-June. After that during July-September H. gracilis is more abundant and dominated. Rhaphium caliginosum (9.5%) and Argyra leucocephala (6.6%) are also well presented in this survey and together with dolichopodids , Sympycnus pulicarius and are eurytopic very common and dwell a wide range of aquatic and semi-aquatic ecosystems in lower parts of Bulgaria. Thirteen species – Dolichopus excisus, D. latilimbatus, D. nubilus, D. salictorum, Gymnopternus aerosus, Hercostomus plagiatus, H. chrysozygos, Rhaphium auctum, Rh.

51 Fig. 2. Number of dominant dolichopodid species

penicillatum, Campsicnemus simplicissimus, Teuchophorus chaetifemoratus, T. cristulatus and T. medovoensis are found with one or two specimens and considered as rare in the studied area. Two of the species (Neurigona erichsoni (Zetterstedt) and Peloropeodes acuticornis (Oldenberg)) presented in the current work are new for the fauna of Bulgaria. Peloropeodes acuticornis is new to the Balkan Peninsula as well. According to the recently published literature (Grichanov, 2000; Pollet, 2011; Grichanov, 2014) the species is not widely spread in Europe and known from France, Hungary, Romania, Greece (Crete) and Russia (Krasnodar). Two recently described species from Bulgaria Teuchophorus chaetifemoratus Pollet et Kechev and Teuchophorus medovoensis Kechev, Negrobov et Grichanov were found in this study. T. chaetifemoratus was described from Markovo village near Plovdiv at the food of the West Rodopes (Pollet, Kechev, 2007). Later the species was found in Turkey (Tonguc at al., 2013). This is the second locality of that species in Bulgaria and the habitat and altitude are the same as where the species was first found and described – a small cook brook in the deciduous forest. Other species from the same genus – T. medovoensis Kechev, Negrobov et Grichanov was described from Medovo village with one male specimen (Kechev et al., 2014). This survey provides another male specimen collected about 10 km away from the site where the species was first discovered. Table 2 summarizes the list of long-legged flies found along Omurovska River during the period 2011-2016 (except 2014). In previous study for three years were given 28 species (Kechev et al., 2014) and the present survey of Omurovska River tributaries in Sarnena Sredna Gora Mts. increases the number of known species of the river up to 44.

52 Table 2. Full list of dolichopodids found

Omurovska River: Sarnena Sredna River Species study Gora: study course* 2011-2013 2015-2016 Argyra leucocephala (Meigen, 1824) X X L M U Asyndetus latifrons (Loew, 1857) X M Chrysotus femoratus Zetterstedt, 1843 X U Dolichopus discifer Stannius, 1831 X U Dolichopus excisus Loew, 1859 X U Dolichopus griseipennis Stannius, 1831 X X U Dolichopus latilimbatus Macquart, 1827 X U Dolichopus nubilus Meigen, 1824 X U Dolichopus salictorum Loew, 1871 X U Dolichopus signifer Haliday, 1838 X X M U Gymnopternus aerosus (Fallen, 1823) X U Hercostomus gracilis (Stannius, 1831) X X M U Hercostomus parvilamellatus (Macquart, 1827) X U Hercostomus plagiatus (Loew, 1857) X U Poecilobothrus chrysozygos (Wiedemann, 1817) X X M U Poecilobothrus regalis (Meigen, 1824) X X L M U Sybistroma impar (Rondani, 1843) X X L M U Neurigona erichsoni (Zetterstedt, 1843) X U Tachytrechus notatus (Stannius, 1831) X M Chrysotimus molliculus (Fallén, 1823) X X L M U Peloropeodes acuticornis (Oldenberg, 1916) X U Rhaphium appendiculatum Zetterstedt, 1849 X U Rhaphium auctum Loew, 1857 X X M U Rhaphium caliginosum Meigen, 1824 X X L M U Rhaphium fissum Loew, 1850 X U Rhaphium brevicorne Curtis, 1835 X U Rhaphium penicillatum Loew, 1850 X X L M U Sciapus platypterus (Fabricius, 1805) X M Sciapus wiedemanni (Fallén, 1823) X M Campsicnemus curvipes (Fallén, 1823) X X L M U Campsicnemus simplicissimus Strobl, 1906 X X L M U Campsicnemus umbripennis Loew, 1856 X U strobli Parent, 1925 X L M Sympycnus pulicarius (Fallén, 1823) X X M U Syntormon filigerVerrall 1912 X L

53 Table 2. Continued

Omurovska River: Sarnena Sredna River Species study Gora: study course* 2011-2013 2015-2016 Syntormon pallipes (Fabricius, 1794) X X L M U Syntormon denticulatus (Zetterstedt, 1843) X M Syntormon triangulipes Becker, 1902 X L Teuchophorus chaetifemoratus Pollet & Kechev, X U 2007 Teuchophorus cristulatus Meuffels & Grootaert, X U 1990 Teuchophorus medovoensis Kechev, Negrobov et X X U Grichanov, 2014 Teuchophorus monacanthus Loew, 1859 X X L M U Teuchophorus spinigerellus (Zetterstedt, 1843) X X L M U Xanthochlorus tenellus (Wiedemann, 1817) X U *River course: L – Lower; M – Middle; U – Upper.

Acknowledgements: Thanks are due to Dr Stoian Georgiev for the determination of plant species. The author is grateful to Mr Nikolai Genov and Mr Stoyan Mihov for their help during the collecting trips in Sarnena Sredna Gora Mts.

References

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54 Kechev, M. 2012b. Diversity of Long-legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) in Gradina Floodplain Forest, Bulgaria. Acta zoologica bulgarica, Suppl. 4, 43-46. Kechev, M., M. Ivanova. 2015. New records of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) for Bulgaria. Compaarison of Dolichopodid diversity on river banks and in some forests of the Upper Thracian Plain. Silva Balcanica, 16 (1), 35-52. Kechev, M., O. Negrobov, I. Grichanov. 2014. Diversity of Long-Legged flies (Diptera: Dolichopodidae) along the Banks of the Omurovska River (Bulgaria), with the description of a new species of the genus Teuchophorus Loew. Acta zoologica bulgarica, 66 (3), 317-323. Negrobov, O. 1991. Dolichopodidae. – In: Sóos, Á., Papp, L. (Eds.). Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera. 7. Dolichopodidae-Platypezidae. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 11-139. Negrobov, O. P., A. A. Stackelberg. 1969. Faune des Dolichopodidae. – In: Opredeliteli nasekomych evropeiskoi ciasti SSSR. Leningrad, Dvukrylye, blokhi, 5(1), 670-752 (In Russian). Pollet, M. 2011. Fauna Europaea: Dolichopodidae. - In: Pape, T., Beuk, P. (Eds.), Fauna Europaea: Diptera, Brachycera. Fauna Europaea version 2.4, http://www.faunaeur.org. [accessed on 20 December 2013]. Pollet, M., M. Kechev. 2007. A review of Palaearctic Teuchophorus, with a new species from Bulgaria (Diptera: Dolichopodidae). Zootaxa, 1592, 45-56. Tonguc, A., M. Barlas, I. Grichanov, 2013. New records of Dolichopodidae (Diptera, Empidoidea) from inner western Anatolia (Trukey). Turkish J. of Zoology, 37, 713-716.

E-mail: [email protected]

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