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Improving Labour Productivity on Construction Projects

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Improving Labour Productivity on Construction Projects Faculty of Business Msc in Project Management Dissertation Supervisor: Dr. Mohammed Dulaimi Improving Labour Productivity on Construction Projects Prepared by: Fawaz Daoud Abweh February, 2009 ABSTRACT In order for businesses to succeed, management must keep a close eye on the bottom line. One of the many factors that directly affect a firm's profitability is employee productivity. The purpose of this research is to study the productivity rates on construction projects and the role of project manager to improve the productivity rates by highlighting the techniques that can be used and applied to achieve a noticeable difference in the productivity. Literature review is conducted through referred researches and journals to show different findings and theories related to the productivity rates and the methods of improvement. And then research instruments were used such as work sampling and interviews in order to reach to the final discussions and conclusions. The study shows that the productivity rates of the construction workers vary from one project to another, taking into consideration the type of the activity to be carried out and the surrounding work environment. However, the study also highlights how the project manager can intervene in order to improve the productivity of his workers. بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم أهدي هذا العمل إلى من كانت حياتي و دراستي وعملي لنيل رضاهما ومباركتهما .... والدي العزيز ... ليرحمك اهلل ويسكنك فسيح جناته أمي الغالية ... ليحفظك اهلل لي تاجا فوق رأسي كما وأهديه إلى زوجتي الحبيبة ... ليبارك اهلل لي بك 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My warmest thanks and appreciations to my family, friends and colleagues who gave me full support and help in order to complete this thesis. And special thanks to Dr. Mohammed Dulaimi who guided me all through the research stages. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 Background 9 1.2 Economic Growth & Productivity 11 1.3 Research Aim 13 1.4 Research Objectives 14 1.5 Research Methodology 15 1.6 Research Organisation 15 2 PRODUCTIVITY OF CONSTRUCTION WORKER 17 2.1 Defining Productivity 18 2.2 Efficiency & Effectiveness 20 2.3 Productivity Measurement 21 2.4 Benchmarking 24 3 IMPROVING LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY 27 3.1 Introduction 28 3.2 Factors Affecting Productivity of Construction Worker 29 3.2.1 Motivation 31 3.2.2 Planning 35 3.2.3 Specialization 37 3.2.4 Training 39 3.2.5 Health & Safety 41 3.2.6 Technology & Innovation 43 3.2.7 Monitoring & Control 45 4 RESEARCH DESIGN 46 4.1 Research Methods 47 4.2 Work Sampling Study 47 4.3 Productivity Measurement 49 5 RESULTS 54 5.1 Project # 1 55 5.1.1 Productivity of Steel Fixers for tunnel steel works 55 5.1.2 Productivity of Steel Fixers for strip foundation steel works 56 5.1.3 Productivity of Carpenters for strip foundation formworks 57 5.1.4 Productivity of Carpenters for roof parapet form works 58 5.1.5 Productivity of Mason for Block works 59 5.2 Project # 2 60 5.2.1 Productivity of Steel Fixers for tunnel steel works 60 5.2.2 Productivity of Steel Fixers for strip foundation steel works 61 5.2.3 Productivity of Carpenters for strip foundation formworks 62 5.2.4 Productivity of Carpenters for roof parapet form works 63 5.2.5 Productivity of Mason for Block works 64 5.3 Project # 3 65 5.3.1 Productivity of Steel Fixers for tunnel steel works 65 5.3.2 Productivity of Steel Fixers for strip foundation steel works 66 5.3.3 Productivity of Carpenters for strip foundation formworks 67 5.3.4 Productivity of Carpenters for roof parapet form works 68 5.3.5 Productivity of Mason for Block works 69 5.4 Project # 4 70 5.4.1 Productivity of Steel Fixers for tunnel steel works 70 5.4.2 Productivity of Steel Fixers for strip foundation steel works 71 5.4.3 Productivity of Carpenters for strip foundation formworks 72 5.4.4 Productivity of Carpenters for roof parapet form works 73 5.4.5 Productivity of Mason for Block works 74 5.5 Project # 5 75 5.5.1 Productivity of Steel Fixers for tunnel steel works 75 5.5.2 Productivity of Steel Fixers for strip foundation steel works 76 5.5.3 Productivity of Carpenters for strip foundation formworks 77 5.5.4 Productivity of Carpenters for roof parapet form works 78 5.5.5 Productivity of Mason for Block works 79 5.6 Results Summary 80 2 6 STUDY ANALYSIS 85 6.1 Results Analysis 86 6.2 Interviews 87 6.2.1 Project # 1 88 6.2.2 Project # 2 90 6.2.3 Project # 3 92 6.2.4 Project # 4 93 6.2.5 Project # 5 94 6.3 Discussion and Conclusion 96 7 APPENDIX 99 Appendix A: Interview Questions Sample 100 Appendix B: Tables of the Collected Daily Data 101 8 REFERENCES 127 3 LIST OF TABLES Table TITLE Page Table 4.1 Case studies projects description 48 Table 4.2 The proposed output for each construction worker trade 49 The proposed major construction activities to be studied Table 4.3 50 WRT each trade Table 4.4 Daily productivity monitoring sheet 53 Table 5.1 Results summary of tunnel steel work activity at project # 1 55 Table 5.2 Results summary of footing steel work activity at project # 1 56 Table 5.3 Results summary of footing formwork activity at project # 1 57 Table 5.4 Results summary of parapet formwork activity at project # 1 58 Table 5.5 Results summary of block work activity at project # 1 59 Table 5.6 Results summary of tunnel steel work activity at project # 2 60 Table 5.7 Results summary of footing steel work activity at project # 2 61 Table 5.8 Results summary of footing formwork activity at project # 2 62 Table 5.9 Results summary of parapet formwork activity at project # 2 63 Table 5.10 Results summary of block work activity at project # 2 64 Table 5.11 Results summary of tunnel steel work activity at project # 3 65 Table 5.12 Results summary of footing steel work activity at project # 3 66 Table 5.13 Results summary of footing formwork activity at project # 3 67 4 Table 5.14 Results summary of parapet formwork activity at project # 3 68 Table 5.15 Results summary of block work activity at project # 3 69 Table 5.16 Results summary of tunnel steel work activity at project # 4 70 Table 5.17 Results summary of footing steel work activity at project # 4 71 Table 5.18 Results summary of footing formwork activity at project # 4 72 Table 5.19 Results summary of parapet formwork activity at project # 4 73 Table 5.20 Results summary of block work activity at project # 4 74 Table 5.21 Results summary of tunnel steel work activity at project # 5 75 Table 5.22 Results summary of footing steel work activity at project # 5 76 Table 5.23 Results summary of footing formwork activity at project # 5 77 Table 5.24 Results summary of parapet formwork activity at project # 5 78 Table 5.25 Results summary of block work activity at project # 5 79 Table 5.26 Summary of average productivity rates across the projects 80 Summary of standard deviations of productivity rates across Table 5.27 82 the projects The target productivity rates to be considered as benchmarks Table 5.28 84 for each activity in the study Table 6.1 Interviewees’ Overview 88 5 LIST OF FIGURES Figure TITLE Page Figure 1.1 Components of economic growth (Saari 2006) 12 A model to manage construction Productivity (Jaideeb, Figure 3.1 30 1995) Proposed factors to be utilized to improve labour Figure 3.2 45 productivity Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of tunnel steel Figure 5.1 55 activity at project # 1 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of footing Figure 5.2 56 steel activity at project # 1 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of footing Figure 5.3 57 formworks activity at project # 1 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of parapet Figure 5.4 58 formworks activity at project # 1 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of block work Figure 5.5 59 activity at project # 1 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of tunnel steel Figure 5.6 60 activity at project # 2 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of footing Figure 5.7 61 steel activity at project # 2 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of footing Figure 5.8 62 formworks activity at project # 2 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of parapet Figure 5.9 63 formworks activity at project # 2 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of block work Figure 5.10 64 activity at project # 2 6 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of tunnel steel Figure 5.11 65 activity at project # 3 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of footing Figure 5.12 66 steel activity at project # 3 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of footing Figure 5.13 67 formworks activity at project # 3 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of parapet Figure 5.14 68 formworks activity at project # 3 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of block work Figure 5.15 69 activity at project # 3 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of tunnel steel Figure 5.16 70 activity at project # 4 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of footing Figure 5.17 71 steel activity at project # 4 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of footing Figure 5.18 72 formworks activity at project # 4 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of parapet Figure 5.19 73 formworks activity at project # 4 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of block work Figure 5.20 74 activity at project # 4 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of tunnel steel Figure 5.21 75 activity at project # 5 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of footing Figure 5.22 76 steel activity at project # 5 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of footing Figure 5.23 77 formworks activity at project # 5 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of parapet Figure 5.24 78 formworks activity at project # 5 Monitoring of daily average productivity rates of block work Figure 5.25 79 activity at project # 5 Figure 5.26 Variances of average productivity rates for steel fixers 80 Figure 5.27 Variances of average productivity rates for carpenters 81 Figure 5.28 Variances of average productivity rates for block masons 81 Figure 5.29 Variances of standard deviations for steel fixers 82 Figure 5.30 Variances of standard deviations for shuttering carpenters 83 7 CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 8 1.1 Background Labour productivity is of central importance to the economic health of the United Arab Emirates economy.
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