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Gettysburg: How the Battle Was Fought

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Gettysburg: How the Battle Was Fought BETTY5BURB: How THE Battle was Fought. j^- I-*"' CAPT. JAME^ T. LONG. rv-riVK cacNTM. GHTTYSBURG: HOW THE BATTLE WAS FOUGHT. BY CAPTAIN JAMES T. LONG, THF r.nrn" \Nn npi infator IIAIIKIMK U'.. I \ E Entered, accordInK to the Act of ConKress, In the year 1890, by Captain JAMKS T. LONG. In the ortiCH i)f the hibrarlun of Congress, WashlnKton, D. C. PPFFA(^F. riuH book is iiwu<Hl with the ho|M> and belief that itn i>r.f?e« ' uiul ill -. will ••iml>l«' viHit»)rH ti» (J .1 tluMM* who aiv inU a tin' hinton' of thf tleoi>- 1 llie war a little iDMi^ht aa to how the fn^*at Imttle waa fought, and in writ- iof? the Hame I have endeavored to tell tlie aton' in nueh a plain ail ' that all may (indi>rstund it, and at th< ^....- ;...u(; that would mar the ft'«>linf;r'* of a aiuirli* iudivitltml. I lmv<> himply told the atun* of the Imttlo aa it oocam<d ; aa I have l«>arned it tlirou^h many yeara of hard attidy on the tieltl and coininfr in conta(*t with prominent offioere and men of lioth armii>M Capt. Jamfh T. Loxn. The (tHule and Itrlintxttor. (4) GETTYSHURC;: HOW THE BATTLE WAS FOUGHT ( )T\V1TI!STAM)IN(J Umt mon^ than a 00*114^ of ucu- ' ' • • \V r t N iH only now thAt wo arv junt Uinnuinfr to n«Uixv bow . _ . .11 ... ._ . _i ... ,1 I th<* iiui: A on which ovi>r two hun(in«<i ' wb^^imI ii. .1. .uttK* on tht« thn«<" fir^* ' • ' .< th«n» wrn- Ufnrlv fifty tluuiHAn.l |. in thnt t . that i...... ., • <« of tlu* worltl. It wiui nt ( < I ... iituno wall of It nuiy tMiunil atrmniri* to Nomn of tay old cumnMlt« wbrn I •tonnd, n«-vi ai uu<U<uiAi»h« tmei, wr t . I . I n th<* nv^nth of •' ' • ' Ami iM of ^3rTioc ihir nuika wvn- iicx:iiiiatc>(l. ami at do Uiiif* tiontair tb« 6 Cii'ltyabunj: How the Jlallle teas Fouijhl. wiirwas our army over in w worso condition. Tho ent^my luwinfj: btH'ouu' o^n'iitly oncourat^cd with their numerous victori<!s, after their victory at Chancclh)rsvillo decided to no long-er confine themselves south of Mason and Dixon's Line, but to extend the war into the North. Ilarrisl^urg-, the Capital of the preat Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, was looked upon by the Con- federate authorities during" the dark days of the rebellion as sec- ond in importance to them as the Capital of our Nation. The^' believed that if General Lee could succeed in penetratinp: into PennsylvMuia, and capturinir Harrisbuvir, he would liave but little ^ -^yj^ Gettysburg "^ 11 'ftUyabury: IJuic the tiatlU tc*u t'uuifkL 7 ni>i>nuii/4*4i fuiil c<iii ' iiiU> thnf nrmy rfir|Mi. Yoo trill .......< i i.i . ..* ulwi<r\t< that nCoiifiNi — ^(xifp* »>f oiir HTtiiy. Thoy • <«i«ol in th«* nitikH (Imn^ ^luly, «iiiU« wi> lu tmr • «i fi>r all » uioUH tiuiiKii thiit n|>|M*iutHl 1)11 the rulU. N ....... > ^ -tji nliM*ut in mtinc Sotithcni priMou |M«n, or wi)unilf«l axitl i: I, ri *»r I' tli'tiu'hiHl HiT\i tiu<« whm acci' h tuui '- -iv. A c"or]>« t»f (. ..lU* truup« w;i . uf tliroo (liviaiotui; a tliviaiuii cooiuaiiHl uf four Im vntl a " ' -t*"*! of twi-nty-t'ivf 1 tlioa 1 11 tliviiiituj, . to H autl tL: ..- to a tHirpH^ thirty thouiuuiil men : and thriM} coriw, ni*ki ffjf nioety ' thouaancl tnM)pH of i: ilry and aitil- Icry of licv-'rt army U^w than ooe humln'd and t«n or twelve thouMand nit!D. 'Flic Fimt corpH of the Conf ' . .d 8 GtUyt^bunj: How tlic JJattle was FoiujfU. It was ill the <!iiily piirt of June when General Le<' l)ej7aii his movement toward the north. He eommenc(?d hy moving- a por- tion of his Second corps (Ewell's) across the mountains into the Luray Valley and Shenandoah Valley, and after numerous skir- misluis with our cavalry, and driving the same, he iinally reached Winchester, Va., and in a few days he succeeded in defeating juid routiner our forces there under command of General Milroy. Then it was that General Lee brouj^ht forward the balance of his army and concentrated it around Winchester, after which he started on his march for Pennsylvania, moving- in the direction of Williamsport fording, where the majority of his army crossed the Potomac river into Maryland, lea\ing behind him in Virginia General J. E. B. Stuart with ten or twelve thousand cavalry, with instructions to keep constant and faithful watch on General Hooker, of our anny (the Union Army), and to prevent him from following in pursuit. Such was the duty that Lee assigned to Stuart and his cavalry, and for the present I w^ill leave Stuart and his cavalry in the vicinity of Winchester, Va., while I follow Lee's army on to Gettj^sburg. From the time General Lee crossed the Potomac river up until the battle began there was nothing in his front to interfere with his onward march, except one company of cavalry (company C, First New York, better known in those days as the Lincoln Cav- alry, under command of Captain William H. Boyd, who after- wards became colonel of the Twenty-first Pennsylvania cavalry, for gallant services rendered in the Gettysburg campaign). Captain Boyd contested every mile of the way from the Potomac river down the Cumberland V^alley to Carlisle. It was of his company that the first soldier was killed on Pennsylvania soil during the rebellion. Coporal Reil was killed at Greencastle on the 22d day of June. Lee after moving his army into Maryland, concentrated it at HagerstoMTi, six miles from the Potomac river and seventy-four miles from Hamsbnrg, his objective point. Lee proposed to move to Harnsburg with the main part of the command rm the Cumberland Valley, \Tiz: through Greencastle, Chambersburg, Shippimsburg, Newville, Cai'lisle, Mechanicsburg, and thence to Bridgeport, and cross the Susquehanna river to Harrisburg, gathering stock as he passed along, as well as pro- visions of all kind that existed in the vallej', and send the same back to Virginia by wagon train, and to raise at the same time all the money possible by assessing the various towns as he passed •'./ ibnnii;)) f«>r Uuf^v musm tunivr a Uirmt: "l*ay tliw money or I . .. will l.iini thoU.v • ' V - f Lii<«>'m unity WAH . ,y to HarnHbunr, Leo iDU'nd<Hl Umt mw imrtinu oi his ooidiiuumI ms AjTfcuAm— «w «crr-nMaa York, tvrotjr-eiirbt miltii uortlH'snt (»f * rg to 10 GcttyaUuiy: How Uu: Jiultlc was FotujlU. J I \\ li^-^litsvill*', tw<>lv«« iiiilos iKtrtliwcstof York, hikI tlioro cfokh the Sus(|U«'li!iiiM:i river hy the ('oluniMii l)ri(l«,'"t!, destroy tlu' sunn;, mul teal- up ;iiul destroy the Ponusylvauia raih'oud ut Columhia; to inovt> uj) on the north side of iXw Susquehiiiiiiii riv<!r tlir<m<^h Marietta, ^liddh-towii and Steeltou ; thence to Hanusbinx, and till re form a junctiou with i\\o. main cohimu which was to reach there dir(>et liy tin; Cuniberhiud ValU-y. Wheu Lee's army ii'jiched Marion Station, six niih's from Ciiambersbiirg', he de- tached one division (General Early's), with instructions to move on this circuitous route. Early crossed the mountain on the Chambersburj^: i)ik<\ Tiiey reached G(!ttysburj^ on the twenty- sixth day of .June. They assessed the town for ten thousand dollai*s in cash, provisions of various kinds in proportion, includ in^ several barrels of sauer kraut. The sauer kraut not beinj:r in season, and the provisions, as a rule, having been sent away or concealed in advance of the enemy, and money appearing- to be hard to find that day, the order was not complied with. After having- been notilied by Chief Burgess Kendlehart that it was not possible to comply with the demand. Early moved from Gettys- btirg- to York, the county seat of York county. There he was more successful. It being a mucli larger town, his demands were greater. He demanded one hundred thousand dollars in cjish, with all things else in proportion. It is not for me to say defi- nitely as to tli(> exact amount that Early received at that time, but I can truthfully say that Early has said onl}' recently that the t()wn of York, Pa., owes him a little balance yet of twenty-eig-ht thousand dollars, so we must conclude that he got at that time seventy-two thousand dollars. It is known that he gathered a vast amount of provisions of all kinds, and secured uumeixjus horses and cattle. Early had advanced ui> to Wrightsville, and was preparing to cross the river as per instructicms from Lee, when a scout brought the news to Early jiot to cross the Suscjue- lianna river, but to fall back by thi^ same route that he went. In the meantime the main column of Lee's army had passed down the Cumberland Valley. Jenkins' Cavalry, being in advance, was occupying the countrj' from Mechanicsburg: to Bridg-eport, in sight of Harrisburg. You will observe that Mechanicsburg is only eight miles from Hairisburg, Lei>'s objective jioint at that time. Rhodes' and Johnson's divisicms of Ewell's corps were en- camped at Carlisle, only eig-hteen miles from Harrisburg ; A.
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