Three Days at Gettysburg : a Complete Hand-Book of the Movements Of

f**n**m *9m0mf+*mfi**)tt*Msnm*A*tm»!*+i*m&i0+*m THE THREE DAYS AT GETTYSBURG.

BY JOHN $. PITZER, GETTYSBURG, PA. MEMBER POST 9,

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Member Post

A Complete Hand-Book of the Movements of Both

Armies during Lee's Invasion of Pennsylvania, and

His Return to Virginia.

The Three Days Battle at Gettysburg

July 1st, 2nd and 3rd, 1863

And a Guide to the Position of each Federal Organi-

zation Marked with a Monument or Tablet on the

Gettysburg Battlefield, with

Casualties of Both Union and Confederate Forces

* . BY . .

JOHN E. PITZER,

Member Post 9, G. A. R. Preface.

THE Battlefield of Gettysburg is a general term, embracing the village of Gettysburg, and that portion of the surrounding country occu-

pied by the contending armies during the battle, the operations covering twenty-five square miles. It is termed the high water mark of the rebellion, and the turning point in the war for the preservation of the Union. For three days about one hundred and eighty thousand armed men contested in desperate and deadly struggle for supremacy, ending in a triumph of the Union arms. It is ranked among the world's great battles. This is emphasized by the fact that as the years roll by the interest in it instead of diminishing is steadily increasing, as is at- tested by the constantly swelling numbers of visitors and the erection of nearly four hundred monuments and tablets, to commemorate the heroic deeds of those who were willing to sacrifice their lives that this

nation might again become united, and be one country under one flag. ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC AND CO OPERATING FORCES IN THE GETTYSBURG

CAMPAIGN, JUNE 5-JULY 31, 1863. d

June 5. —The Army of the Potomac, commanded by Major General Joseph Hooker, with headquarters near Falmouth, was posted on the north bank of the Rappahannock River, confronting the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, under General Robert E. Lee, mainly concentrated about the town of Fredericks- burg, on the south bank of the river. The several commands of the Army of the Potomac were distributed as follows: First Corps (Reynolds') in the vicinity of White Oak Church; Second Corps (Couch's) near Falmouth; Third Corps (Bir- ney's) at Boscobel, near Falmouth; Fifth Corps (Meade's) in the vicinity of Bank's United States and adjacent fords on the Rappahannock; Sixth Corps (Sedgwick's) near White Oak Church, with the Second Division (Howe's) thrown forward to Franklin's Crossing of the Rappahannock, a little below Fred- ericksburg, near the mouth of Deep Run; Eleventh Corps (Howard's) near Brooke's Station, on the Aquia Creek Railroad; and the Twelfth Corps (Slo- cum's) near Stafford Court House and Aquia Landing. The Cavalry Corps (Pleasonton's, with headquarters at Manassas Junction), had two divisions (Duf- fle's and Gregg's) and the Cavalry Reserve Brigade, all under Buford, in the vicinity of Warrenton Junction, and one division (B. F. Davis') in the neighborhood of Brooke's Station. The Cavalry Reserve (R. O. Tyler's) was near Fal- mouth. June 6.—Howe's (Second) division, Sixth Army Corps, crossed the Rappahan- nock at Franklin's Crossing, and, after a skirmish, occupied the enemy's rifle pits. Wright's (First) and Newton's (Third) divisions of the same Corps moved to the same point from White Oak Church, taking position on the north bank of the river. June 7. —Wright's (First) division, Sixth Corps, was sent across the Rappa- hannock at Franklin's Crossing, relieving Howe's (Second) division, which returned to the north side. June 8.—The Cavalry Corps (Pleasonton's), consisting of Buford's (First), D. McM. Gregg's (Third), and Duffle's (Second) divisions, and the Regular Re- serve Brigade supported by detachments of infantry, under Generals Adelbert Ames and David A. Russell, moved to Kelly's and Beverly Fords preparatory to crossing the Rappahannock on a reconnaissance toward Culpeper. June 9.—Newton's (Third) division, Sixth Corps, relieved Wright's (First) division on the south bank of the Rappahannock at Franklin's Crossing. The Cavalry Corps, supported by Generals Ames' and Russell's infantry, crossed the Rappahannock at Kelly's and Beverly Fords, fought the enemy at or near Beverly Ford, Brandy Station, and Stevensburg, and recrossed the river at Rappahannock Station and Beverly Ford. June 10.—The Cavalry Corps took position in the neighborhood of Warrenton 2 ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.

Junction. Its infantry supports in the reconnaissance of the day preyious rejoined their respective commands. Howe's (Second) division, Sixth Corps, moved from Franklin's Crossing to Aquia Creek. June ii.—The Third Corps marched from Boscobel, near Falmouth, to Hart- wood Church. June 12.—The First Corps marched from Fitzhugh's plantation and White Oak

Church to Deep Run ; the Third Corps from Hartwood Church to Bealeton, with Humphrey's (Third) division, advanced to the Rappahannock; the Eleventh Corps from the vicinity of Brooke's Station to Hartwood Church; and headquarters Cavalry Corps from Manassas Junction to Warrenton Junction. The advance of the Confederate Army skirmished with the Union troops at Newtown, Cedarville, and -Middletown, in the Shenandoah Valley. First June 13.—The Corps marched from Deep Run to Bealeton ; the Fifth Corps from the vicinity of Bank's Ford, via Grove Church, toward Morrisville; Wright's (First) and Newton's (Third) divisions, Sixth Corps, from Franklin's

Crossing to Potomac Creek ; the Eleventh Corps, from Hartwood Church to Cat- lett's Station; the Twelfth Corps from near Stafford Court-House and Aquia

Creek Landing en route to Dumfries ; Wyndham's Brigade of Gregg's Cavalry division, from Warrenton Junction to Warrenton ; and the Artillery Reserve from near Falmouth to Stafford Court-House, McReynolds' (Third) Brigade, of Milroy's division, Eighth Army Corps, marched from Berryville to Win- chester.

Combats : Skirmishes at White Post, Berryville, Opequon Creek, and at Bunker Hill, an engagement, (first day) at Winchester, Va. June 14. —Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from near Falmouth to

Dumfries ; the First and Third Corps marched from Bealeton to Manassas Junc-

tion ; the Fifth Corps arrived at Morrisville and marched thence, via Bristerburg, to Catlett's Station; Wright's (First) and Newton's (Third) division, Sixth

Corps, moved from Potomac Creek to Stafford Court-House ; the Eleventh Corps from Catlett's Station to Manassas Junction, and thence toward Centreville ; the Twelfth Corps reached Dumfries; and the Artillery Reserve moved from Stafford Court-House to Wolf Run Shoals. Daniel Tyler's command, of the Eighth Army Corps, fell back from Martinsburg to Maryland Heights.

Combats : Skirmishes at Martinsburg and Berryville, an engagement (second day) at Winchester, Va. June 15—Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Dumfries to Fairfax Station; the Second Corps (Hancock's*) moved from Falmouth to near Aquia; the Fifth Corps from Catlett's Station, via Bristoe Station, to Manassas Junction; the Sixth Corps from Aquia Creek and Stafford Court-House to Dumfries ;. the Twelfth Corps from Dumfries to Fairfax Court-House; the Cavalry Corps ** (except Wyndham's Brigade, which marched from Warrenton to Manassas Junction, and thence on the 16th to Union Mills) from Warrenton Junction to Union Mills and Bristoe Station ; the Artillery Reserve from Wolf Run Shoals to Fairfax Court-House; and the Eleventh Corps arrived at Centreville. Milroy's (Second) division of the Eighth Army Corps, evacuated Winchester, and fell back to Maryland Heights and Hancock, Md.

General Hancock assumed command of the Second Corps. June 9, i863, succeeding General Couch, who was assigned to the command of the Department of the Susquehanna **By orders of June «3, >P«3. this corps was reduced from three to two divisions, commanded by Britr. Gens. John Buford and I) McM. Gre^. ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. 3

Combats: Skirmishes near Williamsport, Md., an engagement (third day) at Winchester, Va. June 16. —The Second Corps marched from near Aquia, via Dumfries, to Wolf Run Shoals, on the Occoquan, the Sixth Corps from Dumfries to Fairfax Station; and the Cavalry Corps from Union Mills and Bristoe Station to Manassas Junc- tion and Bull Run. June 17.—The First Corps marched from Manassas Junction to Herndon Sta- tion; the Second Corps from Wolf Run Shoals to Sangster's Station; the Third

Corps from Manassas Junction to Centreville ; the Fifth Corps from Manassas Junction to Gum Springs; the Eleventh Corps from Centreville to Cow-Horn Ford, or Trappe Rock, on Goose Creek; and the Twelfth Corps from Fairfax Court-House to near Dranesville. The Cavalry Corps moved from Manassas Junction and Bull Run to Aldie. Combats: Action at Aldie, Va., and skirmishes at Catoctin Creek and Point of Rocks, Md., and at Thoroughfare Gap and Middleburg, Va., June 18. —Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Fairfax Station to Fairfax Court House: the Sixth Corps from Fairfax Station to Germantown; and the Twelfth Corps from near Dranesville to Leesburg. J. I. Gregg's Cavalry Brigade advanced from Aldie to Middleburg, and returned to a point midway between the two places. Combats: Skirmishes at Middleburg and Aldie, Va. June 19. —The First Corps marched from Herndon Station to Guilford Station; the Third Corps from Centreville to Gum Springs; and the Fifth Corps from Gum Springs to Aldie. Gregg's Cavalry division, except Mcintosh's (late Wynd- ham's) Brigade, advanced to Middleburg. Mcintosh's Brigade moved from Aldie to Hay Market. Combats: Action at Middleburg, Va. June 20.—The Second Corps moved from Sangster's Station to Centreville, and thence toward Thoroughfare Gap: the Second division (Howe's), Sixth Corps, from Germantown to Bristoe Station. Combats: Skirmishes at Middletown, Md. June 21. —The Second Corps arrived at Gainesvillle and Thoroughfare Gap. The Cavalry Corps (except Mcintosh's Brigade, of Gregg's division), supported by

Barnes' ( First ) division. Fifth Corps, marched from Aldie and Middleburg to Upperville. Mcintosh's Cavalry brigade marched from Hay Market to Aldie, and thence to Upperville. Stahel's cavalry division, from the Defenses of Wash- ington, moved from Fairfax Court-House, via Centreville and Gainesville, to Buckland Mills.

Combats* Skirmishes at Gainesville, Thoroughfare Gap, and Hay Market, Va., Frederick. Md., and an engagement at Upperville, Va, June 22. —The Cavalry Corps of Barnes' (First) division, of the Fifth Corps, returned from Upperville to Aldie. Stahel's Cavalry division moved from Buck- land Mills, via New Baltimore, to Warrenton. Combats: Skirmishes near Dover and Aldie, Va.. and Greencastle. Pa.

June 2.}. — Stahel's Cavalry division moved from Warrenton. via Gainesville, to Fairfax Court-House. June 24. — Newton's (Third) division, Sixth Corps, moved from Germantown to Centreville. and the Eleventh Corps from Cow-Horn Ford, or Trappe Rock, on 4 ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.

Goose Creek, to the south bank of the Potomac at Edwards Ferry. Stahel's Cavalry division moved from Fairfax Court-House to near Drainesville. Combats: Skirmish at Sharpsburg, Md. June 25. —The First Corps marched from Guilford Station, Va., to Barnesville,

Md. ; the Third Corps from Gum Springs, Va., to the north side of the Potomac at Edwards Ferry, and the mouth of the Monocacy ; the EJeventh Corps from

Edwards Ferry, Va., to Jefferson, Md. ; and the Artillery Reserve from Fairfax Court-House, Va., to near Poolesville, Md. These commands crossed the Po- tomac at Edwards Ferry. The Second Corps marched from Thoroughfare Gap' and Gainesville to Gum Springs. Howe's (Second) division, Sixth Corps, moved from Bristoe Station to Centreville; Crawford's division (two brigades) of Pennsylvania Reserves, from the Defenses of Washington, marched from Fairfax Station and Upton's Hill to Vienna. Stannard's Vermont Brigade, from the Defenses of Washington, left the mouth of the Occoquan en route to join' the Army of the Potomac. Stahel's Cavalry division moved from near Dranes- ville, Va., via Young's Island Ford, on the Potomac, en route to Frederick, Md. Combats: Skirmishes at Thoroughfare Gap and Hay Market, Va., and near McConnellsburg, Pa. June 26.—Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Fairfax Court-

House, Va., via Drainesville and Edwards Ferry, to Poolesville, Md. ; the First

Corps from Barnesville to Jefferson, Md. ; the Second Corps from Gum Springs, Va., to the Potomac at Edwards Ferry; the Third Corps from the mouth of the Monocacy to Point of Rocks, Md., the Fifth Corps from Aldie, Va., via Carter's Mills, Leesburg, and Edwards Ferry, to within four miles of the mouth of the

Monocacy, Md. ; the Sixth Corps from Germantown and Centreville to Draines- ville, Va. ; the Eleventh Corps from Jefferson to Middletown, Md. ; the Twelfth Corps from Leesburg, Va., via Edwards Ferry, to the mouth of the Monocacy,

Md. ; and the Cavalry Corps (Buford's and Gregg's division) from Aldie to Leesburg, Va. Stahel's Cavalry division was en route between the Potomac and Frederick, Md. Crawford's Pennsylvania Reserves moved from Vienna to Goose Creek, Va. Combats: Skirmishes near Gettysburg, Pa. June 27.—Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Poolsville to Fred-

; the second erick, Md. ; the First Corps from Jefferson to Middletown, Md. Third Corps from near Edwards Ferry, via Poolesville, to Barnesville, Md. ; the

Corps from Point of Rocks, via Jefferson, to Middletown, Md. ; the Fifth Corps from a point between Edwards Ferry and the mouth of the Monocacy to Balling- via er's Creek, near Frederick, Md. : the Sixth Corps from Drainesville, Va., Ed- the mouth wards Ferry, to near Poolesville, Md. : the Twelfth Corps from near Cavalry divi- of the Monocacy, via Point of Rocks, to Knoxville, Md. ; Buford's Gregg's sion from Leesburg, Va.. via Edwards Ferry to near Jefferson, Md. ; Cavalry division from Leesburg, Va., via Edwards Ferry, towards Frederick, Poolesville to Frederick, Md. Stahel's Md. ; and the Artillery Reserve from Cavalry division reached Frederick, Md. Crawford's Pennsylvania Reserves moved from Goose Creek, Va.. via Edward's Ferry to the mouth of the Mo- nocacy, Md. Combats: Skirmishes near Fairfax Court-House, Va. June 28.—The First Corps marched from Middletown to Frederick; the Sec- ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. 5 ond Corps from Barnesville to Monocacy Junction, the Third Corps* from Mid- dletown to near Woodsborough ; the Sixth Corps from near Poolesville to Hyattstown; the Eleventh Corps from Middletown to near Frederick, and the Twelfth Corps from Knoxville to Frederick. Buford's Cavalry division moved from near Jefferson to Middletown ; Gregg's Cavalry division reached Frederick and marched thence to New Market and Ridgeville. Crawford's Pennsylvania Reserves marched from the mouth of the Monocacy and joined the Fifth Corps** at Ballinger's Creek. Stahel's Cavalry division was assigned to the Cavalry Corps, as Third Division, under Brig. General Judson Kilpatrick, with Brig.

General Elon J. Farnsworth commanding the First Brigade and Brig. George A. Custer commanding the Second Brigade. Combats: Skirmishes between Offutt's Cross-Roads and Seneca, and near

Rockville, Md., and a.t Fountain Dale, Wright sville, and near Oyster Point, Pa. June 29.—Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Frederick to Mid- dleburg; the First and Eleventh Corps from Frederick to Emmittsburg; the Second Corps from Monocacy Junction, via Liberty and Johnsville, to Union-

town ; the Third Corps from near Woodsborough to Taneytown ; the Fifth Corps from Ballanger's Creek, via Frederick and Mount Pleasant, to Liberty; the Sixth Corps from Hyattstown, via New Market and Ridgeville, to New Windsor; the

Twelfth Corps from Frederick to Taneytown and Bruceville ; Gamble's (First) and Devin's (Second) Brigades, of Buford's (First) Cavalry division, from Middletown, via Boonsborough, Cavetown and Monterey Springs, to near Fair- field; Merritt's reserve Cavalry Brigade, of the same division, from Middletown to Mechanicstown; Gregg's (Second) Cavalry division from New Market and Ridgeville to New Windsor: Kilpatricks' (Third) Cavalry division from Fred- erick to Littlestown ; and the Artillery Reserve from Fredeick to Bruceville. Combats'. Skirmishes at Muddy Branch and Westminster, Md., and at Mc- Connellsburg and near Oyster Point, Pa. June 30. —Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Middleburg to

Taneytown, the First Corps from Emmittsburg to Marsh Run ; the Third Corps from Taneytown to Bridgeport ; the Fifth Corps from Liberty, via Johnsville, Union Bridge and Union, to Union Mill?; the Sixth Corps from New Windsor to Manchester ; the Twelfth Corps from Taneytown and Bruceville to Littles- town, Gamble's and Devin's Brigades, of Buford's Cavalry division, from near Fairfield; via Emmittsburg, to Gettysburg; Gregg's Cavalry division from New Windsor to Westminster, and thence to Manchester; Kilpatrick's Cavalry division from Littlestown to Hanover ; and the Artillery Reserve from Bruceville to Taneytown. Kenly's and Morris' Brigades, of French's division, left Maryland Heights for Frederick, and Elliott's and Smith's Brigades, of the same division, moved from the Heights, by way of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, for Wash- ington. Combats: Action at Hanover, Pennsylvania, and skirmishes at Westminster, Md., and at Fairfield and Sporting Hill, near Harrisburg, Pa. July 1. —The First Corps moved from Marsh Run and the Eleventh Corps from Emmittsburg to Gettysburg; the Second Corps from Uniontown, via Taney- town, to near Gettysburg; the Third Corps from Bridgeport, via Emmittsburg, to

*Maj. (Ten. P. E. Sickles resumed command of the Third Corps, relieving Maj. Gen. D. B. Birney. who had been temporarily in command. **Maj. Gen. George G. Mead« relinquish 'd command of the Fifth Corps to Mai. Gen. George Sykes, and assumed command of the army of the Potomac, relieving Maj. (ien. Jos. Hooker. 6 ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.

the field of Gettysburg; the Fifth Corps from Union Mills, via Hanover and Mc- Sherrystown, to Bonaughtown; the Sixth Corps from Manchester en route to Gettysburg; and the Twelfth Corps from Littlestown, via Two Taverns to the field of Gettysburg. Gregg's Cavalry division marched from Manchester to Han-

over Junction, whence Mcintosh's and J. I. Gregg's Brigades proceeded to Han- over, while Huey's Brigade returned to Manchester. Kilpatrick's Cavalry division moved from Hanover, via Abbottstown, to Berlin; and the Artillery Reserve (Ransom's and Fitzhugh's Bigades) from Taneytown to near Gettysburg. Stan- nard's Vermont Brigade, from the defense of Washington, joined the First Corps on the field of Gettysburg. W. F. Smith's (First) division, of the Department of the Susquehanna, marched from the vicinity of Harrisburg to Carlisle. Kenly's and Morris' Brigades of French's division reached Frederick.

Combats: Battle of Gettysburg (First day), and Skirmishes at Carlisle, Pa.

July 2.—The Second, Fifth, and Sixth Corps, Lockwood's Brigade, from the

Middle Department, Mcintosh's and J. I. Gregg's Brigades, of D. McM. Gregg's Cavalry division, Kilpatrick's Cavalry division, and the Artillery Reserve, reached the field of Gettysburg. Gamble's and Devin's Brigades, of Buford"s Cavalry division, marched from Gettysburg to Taneytown, and Merritt's Reserve Brigade from Mechanicstown to Emmittsburg. Combats: Battle of Gettysburg (Second day), and skirmishes at Hunters- town and near Chambersburg, Pa.

July 3.—Gamble's and Devin's Brigades, of Buford's Cavalry division, moved

from Taneytown to Westminster ; Merritt's Reserve Brigade from Emmittsburg

to the field of Gettysburg ; and Huey's Brigade, of Gregg's Cavalry division, from Manchester to Westminster. Combats: Battle of Gettysburg (Third day), and action at Fairfield, Pa.

July 4. —Gamble's and Devin's Brigades, of Buford's Cavalry division marched from Westminster, and Merritt's Reserve Brigade from Gettysburg, en route to Frederick; Huey's Brigade, of Gregg's Cavalry division, from Westminster, via

I. Emmittsburg, to Monterey ; J. Gregg's Cavalry Brigade from Gettysburg to

Hunterstown ; and Kilpatrick's Cavalry division from Gettysburg via Emmitts- burg, to Monterey. Smith's division, of Couch's command, moved from Carlisle, via Mount Holly, to Pine Grove, and the remainder of Couch's troops from the vicinity of Harrisburg toward Shippensburg and Chambersburg. Elliott's and Smith's Brigades, of French's division, arrived at Washington from Maryland Heights, and moved to Tennallytown. Morris' Brigade, of French's division, marched from Frederick to Turner's Gap, in South Mountain. Combats: Action at Monterey Gap. Pa., and skirmishes at Fairfield Gap. Pa., and near Emmittsburg. Md.

July 5. —Leaving Gettysburg, the Second Corps marched to Two Taverns; the Fifth Corps to Marsh Run; the Sixth Corps to Fairfield; the Eleventh Corps to Rock Creek; the Twelfth Corps to Littlestown: Mcintosh's Brigade, of Gregg's Cavalry division to Emmittsburg; and the Artillery Reserve to Littles-

town. Buford's Cavalry division reached Frederick. J. I. Gregg's Cavalry Brigade, moved from Hunterstown to Greenwood. Kilpatrick's cavalry division and Huey's Brigade, of Gregg's Cavalry division, marched from Monterey via Sinithsburg. to Boonsborough. Combats: Skirmishes at or near Smithsburg, Md.. and Green Oak. Mercers- ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. 7 burg, Fairfield, Greencastle, Cunningham's Cross-Roads, and Stevens' Furnace (or Caledonia Iron Works), Pa. July 6.—The First corps marched from Gettysburg to Emmittsburg; the

Fifth Corps from Marsh Run to Moritz's Cross-Roads ; the Sixth Corps from Fairfield to Emmittsburg, except Neill's (Third) Brigade, of Howe's (Second) division, which, in conjunction with Mcintosh's Brigade of Cavalry, was left at Fairfield to pursue the enemy ; the Eleventh Corps from Rock Creek to Em- mittsburg; Buford's Cavalry division from Frederick to Williamsport and thence back to Jones' Cross-Roads ; Kilpatrick's Cavalry division and Huey's Brigade of Gregg's Cavalry division, from Boonsborough, via Hagerstown* and Wil- liamsport, to Jones' Cross-Roads; Mcintosh's Brigade, of Gregg's Cavalry division, from Emmittsburg to Fairfield; and J. I. Gregg's Brigade, of Gregg's Cav- alry division, from Greenwood to Marion. Smith's Division, of Couch's command, moved from Pine Grove to Newman's Pass. Kenly's Brigade, of French's division, marched from Frederick en route to Maryland Heights. Elliott's and Smith's Brigades, of French's division, left Tennallytown, via Washington and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, en route to Frederick. Combats: Actions at Hagerstown and Williamsport, Md. July ". —Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Gettysburg to Frederick; the First Corps from Emmittsburg to Hamburg; the Second Corps

from Two Taverns to Taneytown ; the Third Corps from Gettysburg, via Em- mittsburg. to Mechanicstown ; the Fifth Corps from Moritz's Cross-Roads, via

Emmittsburg. to Utica ; the Sixth Corps from Emmittsburg to Mountain Pass, near Hamburg; the Eleventh Corps from Emmittsburg to Middletown; the

Twelfth Corps from I.ittlestown to YValkersville ; and the Artillery Reserve from Littlestown to Woodsborough. Buford's and Kilpatrick's Cavalry divisions and Huey's Brigade, of Gregg's Cavalry division, moved from Jones' Cross-Roads to

Boonsborough. J. I. Gregg's Cavalry Brigade was moving en route from Chambersburg to Middletown. Mcintosh's Brigade of Cavalry and Neill's Bri- gade of the Sixth Corps, moved from Fairfield to Waynesborough. Smith's division, of Couch's command, marched from Newman's Pass to APtodale. Kenly's Brigade of French's division, with other troops forwarded by Schenck from Baltimore, reoccupied Maryland Heights- Elliott's and Smith's Brigades, of French's division, reached Frederick from Washington. Combats: Skirmishes at Downsville and Ftinkstown, Md., and at Harper's Ferry. W. Va. July 8.—Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Frederick to Mid- dletown: the Frst Corps from Hamburg to Turner's Gap, in South Mountain; the Second Corps from Taneytown to Frederick; the Third Corps from Mechan- icstown to a point 3 miles southwest of Frederick; the Fifth Corps from Utica to Middletown; the Sixth Corps from near Hamburg to Middletown; the Eleventh Corps from Middletown to Turner's Gap in South Mountain, Schurz's (Third) division being advanced to Boonsborough: the Twelfth Corps from Walkersville to Jefferson : and the Artillery Reserve from Woodsborough to Frederick. J. I. Gregg's Cavalry Brigade was moving en route from Chambersburgto Middletown. Smith's division of Couch's command, moved from Altodale to Waynesborough. Campbell's and Mulligan's Brigade, of Kelley's command. Department of West

Richmond brigade, Kilpatrick's division, remained at Hagerstown, whence it retired toward Boonsborough. 8 ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC.

Virginia, were concentrated at Hancock, whence they moved to Fairview, on North Mountain. Combats: Action at Boonsborough and skirmish near Williamsport, Md.

July g. —Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Middletown to

Turner's Gap ; the Second Corps from Frederick to Rohrersville ; the Third Corps from near Frederick to Fox's Gap, in South Mountain; the Fifth Corps from Middletown, via Fox's Gap, to near Boonsborough; the Sixth Corps from Middletown to Boonsborough; the Twelfth Corps from Jefferson to Rohrersville; and the Artillery Reserve from Frederick to Boonsborough. J. I. Gregg's Cav- alry Brigade reached Middletown from Chambersburg. Elliott's and Smith's Brigades, of French's division, marched from Frederick to Middletown. Combats: Skirmish at Benevola (or Beaver Creek), Md. July io.—Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Turner's Gap to Beaver Creek, beyond Boonsborough: the First Corps from Turner's Gap to

Beaver Creek, where it was joined by Kenly's Brigade, of French's division, from Maryland Heights; the Second Corps from Rohrersville to near Tilghman- ton ; the Third Corps from Fox's Gap, through Boonsborough, to Antietam

Creek, in the vicinity of Jones' Cross-Roads, where it was joined by Elliott's and Smith's Brigades, of French's division, which marched from Middletown, and Morris' Brigade, of the same division, which marched from Turner's Gap; the Fifth Corps from near Boonsborough to Delaware Mills, on Antietam Creek; the Sixth Corps from Boonsborough to Beaver Creek; the Eleventh Corps from Turner's Gap to Beaver Creek; and the Twelfth Corps from Rohrersville to Bakersville; Buford's and Kilpatrick's Cavalry division moved from Boons- borough to Funkstown ; Htiey's Brigade of Gregg's Cavalry divisions from Boonsborough to Jones' Cross-Roads, and Mcintosh's Cavalry Brigade from Waynesborough, via Smithsburg and Leitersburg, to Old Antietam Forge and back Io Waynesborough. Combats: Skirmishes at or near Old Antietam Forge (near Leitersburg), Clear Spring, Hagerstown, Jones' Cross-Roads (near Williamsport), and Funks- town, Md.

July ii. —The Second Corps moved from near Tilghmanton to the neighborhood of Jones' Cross-Roads ; the Twelfth Corps from Bakersville to Fair Play and Jones' Cross-Roads ; Gamble's and Devin's Brigades, of Buford's Cavalry division, from Funkstown to Bakersville; J. I. Gregg's Cavalry Brigade from

Middletown to Boonsborough ; Kilpatrick's Cavalry division from Funkstown to near Hagerstown; the Artillery Reserve from Boonsborough to Benevola; Neill's Brigade, of the Sixth Corps, and Smith's division* of Couch's command, from Wawnesborough to Leitersburg.

Combats : Skirmishes at or near Hagerstown, Jones' Cross-Roads (near Wil- liamsport), and Funkstown, Md. July 12.—The First, Sixth, and Eleventh Corps moved from Beaver Creek to Funkstown; Mcintosh's Cavalry Brigade from Waynesborough, via Leitersburg, to Boonsborough; Kilpatrick's Cavalry division and Ames' (First), division.

Eleventh Corps, occupied Hagerstown ; Neill's Brigade, of the Sixth Corps, moved from Leitersburg to Funkstown, where it rejoined its corps; Smith's division (except one brigade left at Waynesborough) from Leitersburg to Cave- tc* town ; Dana's (Second) division of Couch's command, from Chambersburg ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. 9

Greencastle; and Averell's Cavalry Brigade, Department of West Virginia, from Cumberland en route to Fairview. Combats: Skirmishes at or near Hagerstown, Jones' Cross-Roads (near Wil- liamsport), and Funkstown, Md., and Ashby's Gap, Va. July 13.—The Sixth Corps moved from Funkstown to the vicinity of Hagers- town; the Artillery Reserve from Benevola to Jones' Cross-Roads, two brigades remaining at the latter place and the others returning to Benevola; Smith's division, of Couch's command, from Waynesborough and Cavetown to Hagers- town and Beaver Creek. Averell's Cavalry brigade joined Kelley's infantry at Fairview. Combats: Skirmishes at Hagerstown, Jones' Cross-Roads, and Funkstown, Md. July 14.—The First Corps marched from Funkstown to Williamsport; the

Second Corps from near Jones' Cross-Roads to near Falling Waters ; the Third Corps from Antietam Creek, near Jones' Cross-Roads across Marsh Creek; the Fifth Corps from the vicinity of Roxbury Mills, on Antietam Creek, to near

Williamsport ; the Sixth Corps from the neighborhood of Hagerstown to Wil-

liamsport ; the Eleventh Corps from Funkstown, via Hagerstown, to Williams- port ; and Williams' (First) division, of the Twelfth Corps, from Jones' Cross- Roads to near Falling Waters, and thence to near Williamsport. Buford's Cav- alry division moved from Bakersville to Falling Waters ; Mcintosh's and J. I. Gregg's Brigades, of D. McM. Gregg's Cavalry division, from Boonsborough to

Harper's Ferry ; Huey's Brigade, of same division, from Jones' Cross-Roads, via Williamsport, to Falling Waters; and Kilpatrick's Cavalry division from Hagers- town, via Williamsport. to Falling Waters. Kelley's command, Department of West Virginia, marched from Fairview to Williamsport. Combats: Action at Falling Waters, Md., and skirmishes near Williamsport, Md., and Harper's Ferry, VV. Va. July 15.—Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Beaver Creek to

Berlin ; the First Corps from Williamsport to Rohrersville ; the Second Corps, from near Falling Waters to near Sandy Hook; the Third Corps from Marsh

Creek to near Burnside's bridge, on the Antietam ; the Fifth Corps from near

Williamsport to Burkittsville ; the Sixth Corps from Williamsport to Boons-

borough ; the Eleventh Corps from Williamsport, via Hagerstown, to Middle-

town ; and the Twelfth Corps from Fair Play and near Williamsport to Sandy Hook Two brigades of the Artillery Reserve moved from Jones' Cross-Roads, and, joining the remainder of the reserve at Benevola. the whole command marched thence, via Middletown, to Berlin. Buford's Cavalry division moved from Falling Waters to Berlin; Mcintosh's and J. I. Gregg's Brigades of D. McM. Gregg's Cavalry division, from Harper's Ferry, via Halltown, to Shep- herdstown ; Huey's Brigade, of same division, from Falling Waters to Boons-

borough ; and Kilpatrick's Cavalry division from Falling Waters, via Williams- port and Hagerstown, to Boonsborough. Kelley's command, Department of West Virginia, marched from Williamsport to Indian Springs. Combats: Skirmishes at Halltown and Shepherdstown, W. Va. July 16.—The First Corps marched from Rohrersville to near Berlin; the Third Corps from Burnside's bridge to Pleasant Valley, near Sandy Hook; the

Fifth Corps from Burkittsville, via Petersville. to near Berlin ; the Sixth Corps from Boonsborough to near Berlin ; the Eleventh Corps from Middletown, via

Jefferson, to Berlin ; and the Twelfth Corps from Sandy Hook to Pleasant Val- ;

lO ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. ley. Buford's Cavalry division moved from Berlin to Petersville; Huey's Brigade, of Gregg's Cavalry division, from Boonsborough, via Harper's Ferry, to Shepherdstown ; and Kilpatrick*s division from Boonsborough to Berlin, whence De Forest's (First) Brigade proceeded to Harper's Ferry. Combats: Action at Shepherdstown, skirmishes at Shanghai, W. Va. July 17.—The Third Corps moved from near Sandy Hook, crossed the Poto- mac at Harper's Ferry, and proceeded to a point three miles south of the Ferry the Fifth Corps moved from near Berlin to Lovettsville, crossing the Potomac at Berlin. Gregg's Cavalry division marched from Shepherdstown to Harper's Ferry; Kilpatrick's Cavalry division from Berlin and Harper's Ferry to Purcell- ville, Custer's Brigade crossing the Potomac at Berlin, and De Forest's Brigade crossing the Shenandoah at Harper's Ferry. Kelly's command, Department of West Virginia, moved from Indian Springs, Md., to Hedgesville, W. Va., crossing the Potomac at Cherry Run. Combats: Skirmishes near North Mountain Station, West Virginia, and near Snicker's Gap, Va. July 18.—Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Berlin, Md.. to

Lovettsville, Va. ; the First Corps from near Berlin to Waterford, crossing the

Potomac at Berlin ; the Second Corps from near Sandy Hook to Hillsborough, crossing the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers at Harper's Ferry; the Third

Corps from near Harper's Ferry to Hillsborough ; the Fifth Corps from Lovetts- ville to near Purcellville ; the Artillery Reserve from Berlin to Wheatland; and Buford's Cavalry division from Petersville to Purcellville, crossing the Potomac at Berlin. Combats: Skirmishes at or near Hedgeville and Martinsburg, Va. July 19.—Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Lovettsville to

Wheatland ; the First Corps from Waterford to Hamilton ; the Second and Third Corps from Hillsborough to Wood Grove; the Fifth Corps from near Purcell-

ville to a point on the road to Philomont ; the Sixth Corps from near Berlin to Wheatland, and the Eleventh Corps from Berlin to near Hamilton, both corps

crossing the Potomac at Berlin ; the Artillery Reserve from Wheatland to Pur- cellville; and the Twelfth Corps from Pleasant Valley to near Hillsborough, crossing the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers at Harper's Ferry. Buford's Cavalry division moved from Purcellville, via Philomont, to near Rector's Cross- Roads. Mcintosh's Brigade, of Gregg's Cavalry division, moved from Harper's

Ferry towards Hillsborough, and Huey's and J. I. Gregg's Brigades of the same division, from Harper's Ferry to Lovettsville. Kilpatrick's division of Cavalry marched from Purcellville to Upperville. Kelley's command. Department of West Virginia, fell back from Hedgesville to the Maryland side of the Potomac at Cherry Run. Combats: Skirmishes at and near Hedgesville and Martinsville, W. Va. July 20.—Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Wheatland to

Union ; the First Corps from Hamilton to Mid'dleburg, the Second and Third Corps from Wood Grove, the former going to Bloomfield and the latter to Up- perville; the Fifth Corps from a point on the Purcellville and Philomont road, via

Union, to Panther Skin Creek ; the Sixth Corps from Wheatland to near Beaver - Dam ; the Eleventh Corps from near Hamilton, via Mount Gilead, to Mount ville; the Twelfth Corps from near Hillsborough, via Wood Grove, to Snickers-

ville ; and the Artillery Reserve from Purcellville to Union. Buford's Cavalry ;

ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. I I division moved from near Rector's Cross-Roads to Rectortown, Gamble's Brigade going thence to Chester Gap, Devin's Brigade to Salem, and Merritt's Brigade to Manassas Gap. Mcintosh's Brigade, of Gregg's Cavalry division, reached Hills- borough and marched thence toward Purcellville. Huey's and J. I. Gregg's Brigades, of same division, moved from Lovettsville to Goose Creek. Combats: Skirmishes near Berry's Ferry and Ashby's Gap, Va.

July 21. —Huey's and J. I. Gregg's Brigades, of D. McM. Gregg's Cavalry

division, moved from Goose Creek to Bull Run ; Mcintosh's Brigade returned to

Hillsborough ; Kelly's command, Department of West Virginia, recrossed the Potomac from Maryland into Virginia at Cherry Run.

Combats : Skirmishes at Manassas and Chester Gaps, Va. July 22.—Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Union to Upper- ville; the First Corps from Middleburg to White Plains; the Second Corps from Bloomfield to Paris; the Third Corps from Upperville, via Piedmont, to Linden;

the Fifth Corps from Panther Skin Creek to Rectortown ; and the Sixth Corps from near Beaver Dam to Rectortown. Devin's Brigade, of Buford's Cavalry division, moved from Salem to Barbee's Cross-Roads ; Huey's and J. I. Gregg's Brigades, of D. McM. Gregg's Cavalry division, from Bull Run to Broad Run and Kilpatrick's Cavalry division from Upperville to Piedmont. Combats: Skirmishes at Manas>as and Chester Gaps, Va. July 23. —Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Upperville to Lin-

den ; the First Corps from White Plains to Warrenton ; the Second Corps from Paris to Linden; the Third Corps from Linden to Manassas Gap; the Fifth Corps from Rectortown, via Markham Station, Farrowsville, and Linden, to

Manassas Gap ; the Sixth Corps from Rectortown to White Plains and Barbee's Cross-Roads; the Eleventh Corps from Mountville to New Baltimore; the Twelfth Corps from Snickersville to Ashby's Gap and thence to Markham Sta- tion; and the Artillery Reserve from Union to near Rock Creek. Buford's Cav- alry division moved from Hillsborough to Snickersville; and Kilpatrick's Cavalry division from Piedmont to Amissville. Combats: Action at Wapping Heights, Manassas Gap, and skirmishes near Gaines' Cross-Roads, Snicker's Gap, and Chester Gap, Va. July 24.—Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Linden to Salem;

the Second Corps from Linden to Markham Station ; the First Division (Wright's) Sixth Corps, from White Plains to New Baltimore; the Second Division (Howe's) Sixth Corps, from Barbee's Cross-Roads to Markham Station and thence to Orleans; the Third Division (Bartlett's) Sixth Corps, from Bar-

bee's Cross-Roads to Thumb Run ; and the Twelfth Corps from Markham Station to Linden, countermarching, via Markham Station, to Piedmont. Huey's

and J. I. Gregg's Brigades, of D. McM. Gregg's Cavalry division, moved from Broad Run to Warrenton Junction. Kelly's command, Department of West Vir- ginia, advanced from Cherry Run to Hedgesville. Combats: Skirmishes at Battle Mountain, near Newby's Cross-Roads, Va July 25. —Headquarters Army of the Potomac moved from Salem to Warren- Warrenton Junction, the Divi- ton ; the First Corps from Warrenton to Second

sion (Robinson's) going on to Bealeton ; the Second Corps from Markham Station to White Plains; the Third Corps from Manassas Gap to near Salem;, the Fifth Corps from Manassas Gap. via Farrowsville and Barbee's Cross-Roads to Thumb Run; the Sixth Corps concentrated at Warrenton, Wrights (First) 12 ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC. division moving from New Baltimore, Howe's (Second) division from Orleans, and Bartlett's (Third) division from Thumb Run ; the Eleventh Corps moved from New Baltimore to Warrenton Junction ; and the Twelfth Corps from Piedmont via Rectortown and White Plains, to Thoroughfare Gap. The Artil- lery Reserve reached Warrentown. Kelly's command, Department of West Vir- ginia, occupied Martinsburg. Combats: Skirmishes at Barbee's Cross-Roads, Va. July 26.—The Second Corps marched from White Plains to near German- town; the Third Corps from near Salem to vicinity of Warrenton; the Fifth Corps from Thumb Run to vicinity of Warrenton, Crawford's (Third) division took position at Fayetteville ; and the Twelfth Corps from Thoroughfare Gap, via Greenwich and Catlett's Station, to Warrenton Junction. Buford's Cavalry division took position at Warrenton and Fayetteville. Mcintosh's Brigade of Gregg's Cavalry division marched from Snickersville, via Upperville, to Middle- burg. Kelly's command, Department of West Virginia, occupied Winchester. July 27.—The Fifth Corps encamped between Warrenton and Fayetteville. Mcintosh's Brigade, of Gregg's Cavalry division, marched from Middleburg, via White Plains, New Baltimore, and Warrenton, toward Warrenton Junction. July 28. —Mcintosh's Brigade, of Gregg's Cavalry division, moved via War- renton Junction, to Catlett's Station. July 29.—D. McM. Gregg's Cavalry division moved from Warrenton Junction and Catlett's Station to Warrenton. July 30. —Kenly's (Third) division, First Corps, moved from Warrenton Junction to Rappahannock Station; the Second Corps from near Germantown to Elk Run; D. McM. Gregg's Cavalry division from Warrenton to Amissville; and Kilpatrick's Cavalry division from Amissville, to Warrenton. July 31.—The Second Corps marched from Elk Run to Morrisville; Howe's (Second) division, Sixth Corps, from Warrenton to near Waterloo; the Twelfth Corps from Warrenton Junction to Kelly's Ford; and Kilpatrick's Cavalry'

* division from Warrenton to Warrenton Junction. . GENERAL SUMMARY OF CASUALTIES IN THE UNION FORCES DURING THE GETTYBURG CAMPAIGN,

JUNE 3-AUGUST i, 1863 14 GENERAL SUMMARY OF CASUALTIES.

General Summary, <&c. —Continued.

Captured or Killed. Wounded- missing-

LOCATION-

Snicker's Gap. Va-, July 17 4 Hedgesville and Martinsburg, Va-, July 18-19 5

Ashby's Gap. Va . July 20 6 20 6 Berry's Ferry. Va . July 2-22 Manassas Gap. Va- . July 29 21-22 Chester Gap, Va . July 25 Wapping Heights, Manassas Gap, Va-, July 23 103 Near Gaines' Cross-Roads. Va-, July 23 6 Near Snicker's Gap, Va., July 23 4 Battle Mountain, near Newby's Cross-Roads, 3°

Va . July 24 Brandy Station. Va-, August 1 145 Miscellaneous affairs en route 242

Grand total- 406 colonel Marshall's address. i 5

The following extract, taken from the Baltimore Sun's report of the address of Colonel Charles Marshall, which he delivered January 18, 1896, in Washington, D. C, before the Confederate Veterans' Association of that city, as a reply to General Longstreet's criticism of General Lee's campaign into Pennsylvania, not only sets in the right light the preliminary features to the battle of Gettysburg, but also confirms what General Longstreet himself told the Rev. Dr. Joel B. Swartz, formerly a minister of Gettysburg, in whose home he was a guest during the reunion between Pickett's division of Longstreet's corps, and the Philadelphia brigade of Hancock's Second corps of the Federal army. On the arrival of Cen- tra] Longstreet at Gettysburg for that occasion he wanted a quiet place to room. The town being crowded, such accommodations were scarce. On this account the above named clergyman offered him entertainment and it was accepted. Dr. Swartz had previously written several articles in regard to the mistakes that had been made by the different generals in this battle, and being anxious to gather all the information possible, on the subject, approached the General whenever opportunity afforded.

To the question, whether it was not a mistake that General Lee had made, in allowing General Stuart's cavalry to get so far away from the main body of Ins army, he replied in the affirmative, and added that "General Lee was for some days without any information as to what had become of Stuart, or where the

Federal army was or what it was doing." COLONEL MARSHALL'S ADDRESS.

Colonel Marshall said that all persons who have read what has been written by prominent army officers cannot fail to have observed how much the writers are influenced in their opinions and also their accounts of events by after-acquired information of the facts. If some of these writers would put themselves in the position in which they were when the event occurred, they would not be as in- fallible, perhaps, as they now make themselves appear, but the truth of history would suffer less. Thus General Lee's conduct of the Gettysburg campaign had been misjudged by assuming that he knew what we now know. Colonel Marshall detailed the various movements ordered in pursuance of General Lee's campaign and cites the orders to General Stuart to hold the mountain passes of the Shenandoah Valley with part of his command, to cross into Maryland with the remainder and place himself on General Ewell's right as he moved northward. General Stuart had discretion whether to enter Maryland east or west of Blue Ridge, but "was instructed to lose no time in placing his command on the right of our column as soon as he perceived that the enemy was moving northward." Colonel Marshall says the movement of cavalry, perhaps, had more to do with the events that immediately followed than any other cir-

cumstance, and that it cannot be questioned that a great error was committed in Stuart's movements. His instructions to cover the Confederates as quickly as the enemy moved northward were imperative. LEE FEARED A SURPRISE.

Colonel Marshall read substantially in full letters from General Lee to General Stuart, General Ewell and others, expressing a fear that the enemy would steal a march on the Confederates in getting across the Potomac unknown. General Longstreet, under whom Stuart was, in forwarding Lee's letter, made the sug- 6

1 colonel Marshall's address. gestion to Stuart that he should pass by the enemy's rear. "If he thinks he can get through," which'suggestion was not in conformity with General Lee's letter and contemplated the entire detachment of the cavalry from the rest of the army. Longstreet's suggestion appears to have been controlled, the speaker said, entirely by the idea that Stuart was to cross the Potomac in such a way as to conceal the movement of the Confederate army, but entirely ignored the positive instruction to Stuart to place himself as speedily as possible, after the enemy began to move northward, upon General Ewell's right and involved the evident danger that Stuart and Ewell might be separated by the enemy. This, in Colonel Marshall's opinion, evidently was largely responsible for the subsequent Confederate disaster. The report of General Stuart on his movements was quoted in full, and his action in crossing east of Hooker's army criticized as contrary to repeated injunctions, Colonel Marshall saying "General Stuart appears to have thought that this movement was intended to threaten Washington. He lost much valuable time by attacking wagon trains. The Federal army sep-

arated him from the Confederate right, where it was all important that the cavalry should be as that army moved northward." General Lee, the speaker said, had the most implicit confidence in Stuart's vigilance and enterprise. He had not heard from him since leaving Virginia, and was confident Hooker's army was

still in Virginia, but grew apprehensive and thought it possible that a large detachment of the Federal army, instead of moving northward, would proceed to

Washington and Baltimore and go to Richmond by water, remarking that it would compel the immediate return of his army to Virginia. The apprehension was due entirely to his hearing nothing from Stuart and determined him to take action that would compel the enemy to leave Virginia and deter him from any attempt on Richmond. AND HILL. ORDERS TO EWELL f

"On the night of the 28th of June," said Colonel Marshall, "I was directed by General Lee to order General Ewell to move directly upon Harrisburg, and to inform him that General Longstreet would move the next morning (the 29th) to his support. General A. P. Hill was directed to move eastward to the Susque- hanna and, crossing the river below Harrisburg, seize the railroad between Har-

risburg and Philadelphia, it being supposed that such a movement would divert

all reinforcements that might otherwise be coming to General Hooker to the defense of that city, and that there would be such alarm created by these movements that the Federal government would be obliged to withdraw its army from

Virginia and abandon any plan that it might have for an attack upon Richmond. I sent the orders about 10 o'clock at night to General Ewell and General Hill and had just returned to my tent when I was sent for by the commanding general. I went to his tent and found him sitting with a man in citizen's dress, who, Gen- eral Lee informed me, was a scout of General Longstreet's who had just been brought to him. "He told me that this scout had left the neighborhood of Frederick that morning and had brought information that the Federal army had crossed the Potomac moving northward, and that its advance had reached Frederick, and was moving thence westward towards the mountains. The scout also informed General Lee that General Meade was then in command of the army, and also as to the move- colonel Marshall's address. 17

merits of the enemy, which was the first information General Lee had received since he left Virginia.'

"He considered it of great importance that the enemy's army should be kept east of the mountains, and consequently he determined to move his own army to the east side of the Blue Ridge so as to threaten Washington and Baltimore and detain the Federal force on that side of the mountain to protect those cities. He directed me to countermand the orders to General Ewell and General Hill, and to order the latter to move eastward on the road through Cashtown and Gettys- burg, and Ewell to march from Carlisle so as to form a junction with Hill either at Cashtown or Gettysburg, as circumstances might direct. He ordered General Longstreet to prepare to move next morning, following Hill. The army moved very slowly, and there would have been no difficulty whatever in having the

whole of it at Gettysburg by the morning of the 1st of July had we been aware of the movements of the enemy on the other side of the mountains. FOR LACK OF INFORMATION.

"You will thus see that the movement to Gettysburg was the result of the want of information, which the cavalry alone could obtain for us, and that General Lee was compelled to march through the mountains from Chambersburg eastward without the slightest knowledge of the enemy's movements except that brought by the scout. While making this march the only information he possessed led him to believe that the army of the enemy was moving westward from Frederick to throw itself upon his line of communication with Virginia, and the object of the movement, as I have stated, was simply to arrest this supposed plan of the enemy and keep his army on the east side of the Blue Ridge. "It would have been entirely within the power of General Lee to- have met the

army of the enemy while it was stretched out on the road between Frederick and Gettysburg. It had not been his intention to deliver a battle north of the Potomac

if it could be avoided, except upon his own terms, and yet, by reason of the absence of the cavalry, his own army, marching eastward from Chambersburg and southward from Carlisle, came unexpectedly on a Federal advance on the first day of July, a considerable part of the Confederate army having not yet reached the field of battle. "I do not propose to enter into details of the battle of Gettysburg, but only to show you how that battle was brought about, and how it was fought on the first, second and third days with troops, all of whom could readily have been on the ground on the first day. It has been my object, also, to correct the impression that has prevailed to some extent that the movement of the cavalry was made by Gen- eral Lee's orders, and that, at a critical moment of the campaign, he crossed the Potomac river and moved into Pennsylvania, sending the entire cavalry force of his army upon a useless raid. That this is not true, I think that the evidence I have laid before you abundantly establishes. The suggestions of General Long- street in communicating the order of General Lee to General Stuart that the latter should pass by the enemy's rear need not have led to the results which I have described. STUART MISTOOK HIS PART.

"You will observe that General Longstreet's suggestion to General Stuart was qualified by saying that the latter should go by the enemy's rear, 'if he thinks he may get through,' and the first movement of General Stuart after leaving Salem 8

1 colonel Marshall's address.

depot early in the morning of the 25th brought him in conflict with General Han- cock's brigade near Haymarket, and finding that he could not pass around the rear of the enemy, the discretion so given him by General Longstreet was at an end, and there was yet time for General Stuart to retrace his steps and obey the order that he had received from General Lee in the letter of the 23d of June.

From the tenor of General Stuart's report it would seem that he entirely mistook the part that he was expected to take in the movement of the army. He placed himself east of the Federal army, with that army between his command and the Confederate force. He left General Lee without any information as to the movement of the enemy from the time he crossed the Potomac river until the 2nd of July. By his silence, as I have described, he caused General Lee to move his army to Gettysburg, not with the expectation or purpose of fighting the enemy, but simply to prevent a movement which he supposed the enemy was making to obstruct his line of communication with Virginia, and caused him to fight the battle of Gettysburg without having his whole force present except on the third day, when it was equally possible, had General Lee been informed of what the enemy was doing, for him to have fought that battle with his entire force while the enemy's forces were approaching Gettysburg."

I give my readers the benefit of Colonel Marshall's address, because it de- scribes so fully the movements of the Confederate army from the time it left Virginia to invade Pennsylvania, and even assigns the reasons why the battle was brought on at Gettysburg. Few tourists thoroughly understand why the battle was fought here, and how

it began, progressed, and ended. The Southern army came from the west, and north. It had eight or ten days start of the Federal army. The Blue Ridge, called the Southern Range of mountains, separated the two armies until the former changed its front at Chambersburg and moved by the Chambersburg pike towards Gettysburg. Hill's corps was halted on the east side of the Blue Ridge, at Cashtown, yet eight miles from Gettysburg, in order to concentrate the troops, for the Confed- erate army covered the country from the Potomac, through the Cumberland Valley to a point almost in sight of Harrisburg, a distance of more than a hundred miles. Colonel Marshall's address explains why the Confederate army was moved in that direction, threatening Harrisburg and possibly Philadelphia. He also explains how Stuart's cavalry became separated from the main body of Lee's army, and got to Westminster, twenty-five miles east of Gettysburg, and within one mile of being half way to Baltimore. The Federal army in crossing the Potomac in pursuit of Lee, crossed beyond Frederick, at what is known as Point of Rocks, and between there and Washington, which must be protected. The cavalry was in \hf advance. Buford covered the Southern Range. Kilpatrick moved from Frederick to Taneytown, thence to Littlestown and Hanover. While he was at Littlestown, Stuart's Confederate cavalry was at Westminster, only fourteen miles away. General Gregg's cavalry which was covering Washington entered West- minster on the east side as the Confederate cavalry was leaving on the west side. This caused the latter to move more rapidly northward, and when reaching Han- over, Pa., Kilpatrick's cavalry was just passing out of the east end of it in pursuit of the raiders under Early who had reached Gettysburg on the 26th of June, making demands for all such things as might be needed for their comfort, such as BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG— FIRST DAY. 19 shoes, clothing, beef, pork and money. At York he demanded of the citizens, one hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars in cash, or the city would be burned. The citizens became alarmed and raised twenty-five thousand dollars in money, and gave their bond for the balance, which I suppose is still held against the city.

Kilpatrick was intercepted by Stuart at Hanover, which brought on a combat there. That left the latter through between the former and Buford, who reached Gettysburg on the evening of the last of June, enabling Stuart to concentrate with Ewell again in the direction of Harrisburg. This will enable the reader to easily understand why Colonel Marshall says that Lee was left, without any information from Stuart's cavalry up to July 2, to make his way as best he could eastward through the mountains in the direction of Gettysburg. There was nothing to prevent him from coming right into Gettysburg, had he not halted at Cash- town to concentrate his forces.

FIRST DAY'S BATTLE.

Buford had deployed skirmishes on the roads leading west and north of town, when they discovered the enemy on the first of July, advancing on the Cham- bersburg pike. The first gun was fired from the farm that Samuel Lohr owned, just beyond Marsh Creek, by the Confederates. It was aimed at Buford's cavalry that was guarding the pike as far as Lottsville. When it was discovered that the Confederate army was in front of them in a body, they fell back and reported to Buford, who immediately dispatched to General Reynolds, who commanded the left wing of the First, Third and Eleventh Corps, and had reached Marsh Creek at a distance of four miles south of Gettysburg. He ordered up the troops under his command, while he himself came on to meet Buford. The two selected the ground west of the town on which to fight the battle, with the idea of saving the town.

Reynolds then dispatched to his troops to leave the Emmittsburg road and cut across the country. The order was obeyed, the troops leaving the road at the Codori buildings and passing over the seminary ridge. Buford had been anxiously watching the advance of the Confederates, and fearing they would get possession of more of the ground west of him, he dismounted some of his cavalry and placed them into position on what is known as the McPherson Ridge. This act checked the enemy's advance on what is known as the Herr Ridge. Davis' brigade, which was in the advance, took position on the north side of the Chambersburg pike, and advanced on the dismounted cavalrymen. Cutler's brigade, of Reynolds' corps, reached the field just in time to relieve Buford's men. and secure possession of the McPherson Ridge. The Fifty-sixth Pennsylvania Regiment claims the opening of the battle. Cutler's Union brigade,

of which it formed a part, being pitted against Davis' Confederate brigade. General Reynolds now discovered that the enemy was forming on the south side of the Chambersburg pike. It proved to be Archer's brigade and Reynolds easily could see that if they advanced into the woods west of Willoughby Run, that they had but a short distance to the woods that skirted the east bank of the run, which might possibly result in the cutting off of, the troops that he had already stationed north of the Chambersburg pike. When General Doubleday arrived on the field. General Reynolds rode to meet 20 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG —FIRST DAY.

him and ordered him to get another brigade and place them in the woods that were then owned by the McPherson family, now owned by the Governnment. This is the woods that a few minutes later General Reynolds was killed in. Some years ago when General Doubleday was here with Count de Paris and other distinguished gentlemen, he was asked the question in my presence, near the spot that is marked where he fell, whether he knew anything in regards to the killing of Reynolds. He remarked that he did not, and that the last words that he had spoken to him were said in the open field just east of the woods, and as he was coming over the ridge to enter the woods with General Meredith's brigade the news came to him that General Reynolds was killed, and that he knew nothing as to how it was done. General Meredith's brigade was advanced westward through the woods and became engaged with Archer's Confederate brigade and succeeded in capturing a large portion of the Confederates, as they were crossing Willoughby Run to enter the same woods. General Lane's Confederate brigade extended the line southward in the direction of the Hagerstown road. This required the Federal army to extend their line farther south, which was done by placing Biddle's brigade on the left of Meredith's. This is the extreme left of the Federal troops that were engaged during the first day. General Stone's

brigade in reaching the field was sent to fill the vacant space between Meredith's and Cutler's brigade west and north of the McPherson buildings. No other ground on the Battlefield of Gettysburg was more hotly contested for than that

fought over by those four brigades. It was held from ten o'clock a. m., until three or half past three in the afternoon, with continuous fighting and heavy losses on both sides. The Second Division, commanded by General John C. Robinson, composed of two brigades, reached the field about noon and went into position on the right of Wadsworth's division which extended the line to the Mummasburg road. These troops became engaged with Maj. Gen. Robt. E. Rode's division, composed of Daniels,' Iverson's, Doles', Ramseur's, and O'Neill's brigades of General Richard E. Ewell's Second Corps of the Confederate army, that had passed through the Cumberland Valley, west of the Blue Ridge, in the direction of Harrisburg, and had been ordered back by General Lee to concentrate with General Hill's Third

Corps, north-west of Gettysburg, on what is called Oak Hill, which was very near the right of Robinson's division of the First Corps at the Mummasburg road. At this point there was desperate and deadly struggling for two hours or more, resulting in heavy losses on both sides. Iverson's North Carolina brigade was captured in the field in front of the Eighty-eighth Pennsylvania and the Eighty-third New York Regiments, while trying to dislodge them from their position. The right of Robinson's division on the extreme right lost heavily. The Ninetieth Pennsylvania Regiment in trying to prevent Rode's men from passing on their right between them and the Eleventh Corps, lost ninety-three of their men. The Sixteenth Maine, which claims to have been sent to their support, went into the engagement with twenty-five officers and two hundred and fifty men, and lost them all but forty-three. Tourists can readily see that this was a difficult point to hold with the open space that was between them and the Eleventh Corps. No corps on the battlefield lost heavier than the First. Its losses at Gettys- burg were six thousand and twenty-five. Near their right is now erected an observatory for the benefit of vititors, which gives them a beautiful view of BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG — FIRST DAY. 21

Gettysburg, and surrounding country, extending along the entire line of the First and Eleventh Corps on the First Day. Cemetery Heights, Culp's Hill and Zeigler's Grove, which were the rallying points for the First and Eleventh Corps after falling back on the first day. It affords a view of both Union and Con- federate lines on the Second and Third Days' fight. No point on the battlefield is more susceptible. Tourists from this point can readily understand why Gen- eral Lee did not attack the Federal army on the morning of the second from the west and north as he did on the First day. The Eleventh Corps on their arrival on the First Da}' was prevented from joining the First Corps line on the right and was formed due north of the town with their right resting on the banks of Rock Creek, and is now called Barlow's Knoll. General Barlow commanded the division which occupied the extreme right of the line on the first day. This portion of the line was attacked by Gor- don's brigade of Early's division of Ewell's Corps. Hayes', Hokes' and Smith's brigades coming in more from the north-east side—and an enfilading fire from Jones' battery compelled the Eleventh Corps to abandon their position and get back through the town as best they could. General Barlow was severely wounded during the engagement and left on the field to die. His wife was with the army but on reaching Gettysburg remained in the town during the engagement and on the retreating of the Eleventh Corps she learned of her husband being wounded and left on the field to die. With a flag of truce and the assistance of General Gordon—as the story is now told—she made her way out through the Confederate lines, found him, and moved him from the field to the Benner House along the Harrisburg road, near Rock Creek, where she cared for him, saved his life, and he lived quite a number of years after the war. The result of the First Day's battle may be briefly summed up as follows: The odds were greatly against the Union forces in numbers engaged in the conflict. The Federals ended the day dispirited, driven from their position and almost discouraged by the panic. The Confederates were in a condition of exult- ing excitement and seemed eager to follow up their success, but General Lee discovered LTnion troops on Cemetery Hill, which would naturally lead him to believe that there might be something beyond those heights that he could not see —possibly the Army of the Potomac there in force. Gen. Howard on reaching Gettysburg rode to Cemetery Hill for the purpose of taking observations, and finding it a good strategic point, detached Steinwehr's division composed of two brigades of his corps and ordered them to form on the heights. These were the troops General Lee saw and which caused him to order his troops not to advance any farther after they got possession of the town. This gave Gen. Howard, who had charge of the field at this time, a chance to rally his dispirited troops around Steinwehr's division, extend his line around over the north-eastern slope of Cemetery Heights, with the right of his Eleventh corps resting near the base of Culp's Hill, and to extend his left southward along through what is now the National Cemetery to Zeigler's Grove. It was between three and four o'clock when the whole Confederate line advanced to the final attack on their right. When the First corps became heavily pressed and its right and left uncovered, General Doubleday gave the order for them to f-ill back to Cemetery Hill, which was affected in comparatively good order by having the rear covered by the Seventh Wisconsin, which when neces- sary, turned and checked pursuit. Colonel Wainwright, mistaking the order, 22 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG FIRST DAY.

clung with his Artillery to Seminary Hill until seeing the Infantry retreating to the town, he moved his batteries down the Cashtown pike until lapped on both sides by the enemy's skirmishers, at close range, they were compelled to abandon one gun on the road, all its horses being killed. The Eleventh corps also left a disabled gun on the field. Many of the troops—principally the Eleventh corps —in retreating through the town became confused in the streets, lost their way, and were captured. Those who reached Cemetery Hill found Steinwehr's division in position, protected by stone fences on the slopes. As they arrived they were formed, the Eleventh corps on the right. As the batteries came up they were placed in position by Colonels Wainwright and Osborn. Soon a formidable array of Artillery was ready to cover with its fire all the approaches. Buford assembled his command on the plain west of Cemetery Hill, covering the left flank and presenting a firm front to any attempt at pursuit. The First Corps

found a small reinforcement awaiting it in the Seventh Indiana, part of the train escort which brought up nearly five hundred fresh men. General Wads- worth met and led them to Gulp's Hill, where under the direction of Captain Pattison of that regiment a defensive line was marked out. Their brigade (Cut- ler's) soon joined them. Wood and stones being plentiful, embankments were thrown up and soon the right was solidly established. General Hancock, whose person was well known, arrived under orders from

General Meade to assume command. His presence inspired confidence and it implied also the near approach of his Army Corps. He ordered Wadsworth at once to Culp's Hill to secure that important position. Aided by Howard and Warren who had just arrived from headquarters, a well flanked line was soon formed; Robinson's division to the left at Zeigler's Grove; Doubleday's division

to the south-east end of the Citizens' Cemetery, held in reserve. Right here, it might be said, the battle was irretrievably lost to the Confederacy. Delays are dangerous. They should have followed up their success on the afternoon of the First Day, instead of giving the dispirited troops time to rally and build earthworks during the evening and night of the First, thereby making their lines almost impregnable. The arrival of the Second, Third and Twelfth Corps on the field meant a change of front for the Confederates on the morning of the Sec- ond, or a sacrifice of lives. SECOND DAY'S BATTLES.

General Lee in taking observations on the morning of the Second, could readily see that all preparations had been made by the Federal troops to be at-

tacked from tlie west and north as they were on the first day. The First Corps of the Confederate army commanded by General Longstreet, reached the field during the night with Hood's and McLaw's divisions. General Lee's plans now were for Longstreet to move his two divisions southward and attack the left wing of the Federal army and Johnson's division of Ewell's Corps to attack on the Federal right. This would have doubled up the Federal troops and brought the Confederates up in the rear of the Federal's well-fortified position on Cem- etery Heights. Had they succeeded, this would have given Longstreet possession

of Round Top, which is now termed the key to the Union position. It certainly would have been a disaster to the Federal troops, to have the Confederates get

possession of the hill, but a portion of the Third Corps had reached the field and in the establishing of the Federal lines on the morning of July Second, General %

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG—-SECOND DAY. 23

Sickles was ordered to go on the left of General Hancock's Second Corps and! extend the line southward. The ground selected by General Sickles was what is called the Peach-orchard line, with his right resting along the Emmittsburg

road northward : his left from the Peach-orchard turned towards the Round Top. The last two brigades reached the field about ten o'clock in the morning of the Second, led by General Graham. He is my authority for saying—Had they been one hour later, they could not have reached the field on that road, as the advance of Longstreet's troops of the Confederate army were within one mile of them then. Had it not been for the timber in front of Longstreet's troops and the raised ground on the Confederate left, they could have seen each other pass along. The advanced position of General Sickles at the Peach Orchard required the Confederates to move farther south, crossing the road that the Federal troops came in on not over thirty minutes before. This no doubt delayed the Confeder-

ates, as it was nearly four o'clock in the afternoon when the move was made to seize the Round Top Heights. This brought on one of the hottest conflicts of the battle during the three days. The brigades of Law, Robertson, Benning and

Anderson ; Hood's Division formed the attacking column. Crossing the Em- mittsburg road south of the orchard, these four brigades moved towards the wheatfield and Devil's Den. They moved in the following order, Law on the right followed by Benning; Robertson on the left followed by Anderson. After the Emmittslnirg road was crossed this order was changed by orders from Hood; Law was directed mure to the right, and penetrated the gorge between the Den and Big Round Top: Robertson endeavored to follow this move and became engaged with Ward's brigade that was defending the hill of the Den. Two of Robertson's regiments followed Law. Benning adhered to the original direction; supported Robertson whilst Anderson on the left attacked DeTrobiand in

the wheatfield. Had it not been for General Warren, who was connected with the Engineer Corps and whose military sagacity led him to the spot on Little

Round Toji ( where his bronze statue now stands, eight feet, two inches high) where he discovered the movement of the Confederates as they were about to

pass tin- left of the Third Corps line, they would have gotten possession of Little Round Top. General Warren saw that there was but little time to spare. He mounted hi- horse and rode down the northern slope of the hill in pursuit of troops. He encountered the First division of the Fifth Corps, which had been ordered by General Meade in that direction, and on his own responsibility he detached Vincent's Brigade and ordered rhem to take possession of the Little Round Top. Tilton's and Sweitzer's Brigades moved across Plum Run to the Wheat Field in support of DeTrobiand's Brigade of Sickle's Corps. At the same time two of Burling's regiments, with one of DeTrobiand's. were sent

more to the If ft toward- Devil's Den to cover Smith's Battery; General Sykes pushed forward Tilton's and Sweitzer's Brigades; Sweitzer took position on the right of DeTrobiand, his left flank facing south, the rest of the line facing west.

Tilton is formed on the right of Sweitzer. This point is now called the "Loop." During the execution of these movements the brigade of Kershaw moved forward and attacked Sweitzer. but the latter having the advantage of position,

made n sfbborn resistance^ Kershaw turned against Tilton's Brigade which was more exoosed and compelled it to fall back toward the Round Top road. Its retreat was followed by that of Sweitzer. The troops of the Third Corps on 24 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG—SECOND DAY. the left were once more compromised. All the Fifth Corps were then directed toward this point. The reader's attention will now be called to Little Round Top. General War- ren was afraid Vincent's Brigade would not gain the summit in time to defend it. He could plainly see Law's soldiers advancing toward this most important position. He directed the officers of the Signal Corps to hold their position and wave their nags in spite of the enemy's fire. Leaving the summit, Warren descended the northern slope of the hill and met Weed's Brigade which was moving toward the Wheat Field. The first regiment encountered by Warren was the 140th New York, commanded by Colonel O'Rorke. Having once been a subordinate of Warren, he did not hesitate a moment in responding to his urgent demands. O'Rorke caused his troops to directly ascend the acclivities of Little Round Top. In the meantime Vincent had reached the southern portion of Little Round Top, and formed his line with the 16th Michigan on the right 44th New York and 83rd Pennsylvania in the center and the 20th Maine ; on the left. These troops took position in the nick of time. A few moments more of delay would have given the Confederates possession of the key to dislodge the entire Union Army. They rushed gallantly to the attack and so desperate was the first onslaught and Gen. Law by extending his left outflanked Vincent's brigade and caused the 16th Michigan to fall back. At this very moment, the 140th New York Regiment arrived on the summit. O'Rorke pushed this regiment forward. The arrival of this body of troops imparted new vigor to Vincent's soldiers. Hazlett's battery had scaled Little Round Top with the 140th New York. It was by the most strenuous efforts that the guns were hauled to the summit. Horses could not be used owing to the presence of numerous large boulders. The guns were hauled to the summit by hand. The presence of this battery encouraged the Union infantry. The Confederates were driven back. Little Round Top was safe for the present. But the 140th New

York had lost its colonel and more than one hundred men. A number of officers were wounded. Weed and Hazlett were mortally wounded and carried back to Jacob Weikert's farm, where they died. Hazlett was buried at the east end of the garden. Vincent was mortally wounded and carried to Lewis Bushman's, cast of Round Top, and died on the 7th of July. The Confederate losses were very heavy, the most serious one being that of Hood who was wounded in the arm. On the west side of Plum Run the brigades of Tilton and Sweitzer lost the positions gained by them and Ward and DeTrobiand in their turn were compelled to give ground. Ward could no longer resist Benning. Smith sur- rendered three guns and with great difficulty saved the three remaining in his possession. The entire hill of Devil's Den was abandoned by the Union troops. The Confederates pushing forward take the 17th Maine in flank and moving to the Wheat Field forced Winslow to draw his guns to the rear, and menace De- Trobiand's weak line. Anderson directed an attack on the front of this brigade and being outflanked on the right by Kershaw, who had driven back Tilton and Sweitzer, DeTrobiand was now forced to give ground. His brigade was reduced to a handful of men. The troops on his right near the "Orchard" could afford him no assistance for they were seriously threatened by Kershaw's left. Moreover the Union troops at the Peach Orchard had long been exposed to a heavy artillery fire from Longstreet's batteries. The 8th South Carolina form- BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG—SECOND DAY. 2$

ing the left of Kershaw's Brigade, bravely advanced against the guns of Clark's

and Bigelow's batteries. Just as it approached, the 141st Pennsylvania regiment,

which was hidden in a sunken road, rose suddenly and stopped it by a murderous fire. Notwithstanding this success, the Unionists withdrew their artillery across the sunken road leading from Peach Orchard to Round Top, thereby further uncovering DeTrobiand's right flank.

Meade had detached Caldwell's strong division from the Second Corps and it arrived in time to relieve the remnants of Birney's and Barnes' divisions. Cald-

well's division consisted of four brigades, viz : Zook's, Cross', Kelly's, and Brooke's. Cross supported DeTrobiand; while Kelly's Irish Brigade rushed into the Wheat Field and encountered Anderson's Brigade checking its advance. In the meantime Birney had rallied a portion of DeTrobiand's and Burling's soldiers and uniting with Cross, charged upon Kershaw who could not sustain this attack. His troops were driven back upon Semmes, who had followed Kershaw.

This brigade advanced boldly against Cross' and Kelly's Brigades, but it met Zook's and Brooke's Brigades that Caldwell had ordered to advance. Kershaw and Semmes were forced back toward the "Rose House." Brooke leading his Brigade across the "Wheat Field" entered the wood on the southwest side and moving through the same encountered the Confederates who had made a stand behind a stone fence. The advance of Brooke's soldiers was checked and falling back to the wood took position along a ledge of rocks. Brooke called for reinforcements but not receiving them, gave the order to fall back to the "Wheat Field.'" During the time Brooke was holding the wood the enemy was distant scarcely ten rods. Reinforcements to the Unionists arrive about this time in front of Little Round Top. General Sykes ere this has ordered Ayres' Division, (Fifth Corps) towards this point. This division consisted of three brigades commanded by Day, Bur- bank and Weed. The brigade of Weed preceding the other two had been turned aside at a pressing call from Sickles and was moving toward the "Wheat Field" when Warr«n encountered O'Rorke and his regiment. Sykes learning that O'Rorke had been moved to Little Round Top, directed Weed to take the same position which was done. Weed took a position on the right of Vincent's Bri- gade then commanded by Colonel Rice. Coloned Chamberlain had placed a portion of the 20th Maine en potence above the defile which separated Big and Little Round Tops. It was against this very point that Law's Alabamians directed their most vigorous efforts. The Confederates attempted to outflank the Unionists by moving through the defile and ascending the south-eastern slope of Little Round Top. They were met by the 20th Maine which gallantly disputed their advance. Chamberlain by extending his left, repulsed the Confed- erates and outflanking them in turn, captured more prisoners than his own regiment numbered. The battle now assumed greater dimensions. Meade had ordered all the troops at his disposal to take position on his left. The Sixth Corps had arrived near Rock Creek Bridge, having completed a forced march of thirty-five miles since

8:30 p. m., July 1st. This corps relieved the Fifth in this position. Meade had called upon Slocum for troops and Williams' division had moved from the banks of Rock Creek over the same route taken by the Fifth Corps, which was in the advance, and already engaged. Shortly afterward Geary was ordered to move 26 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG—SECOND DAY.

to the left with Kane's and Candy's Brigades. Greene's Brigade was left alone to cover the front lately occupied by the Twelfth Corps. Again we turn our attention toward the Devil's Den and the Wheat Field. Hood's division was exhausted. Roberston and all the superior officers of his brigade had been wounded. Benning could not go beyond the summit of Devil's Den. But ere this, Devil's Den had become a hot-bed of Confederate sharpshooters and the effect of their fire upon Little Round Top was so deadly that the gunners of Hazlett's battery, being rapidly decimated, abandoned the guns and sought the cover of the numerous large bowlders. It was during this sharpshooters' fire that Weed, Hazlett and Vincent received their mortal wounds. The only way the Confederate sharp-shooters' fire was partially silenced was by sending some of Berdan's sharp-shooters to Big Round Top. This point being much more elevated than the Devil's Den, Berdan's men had a great advantage and the Confederate sharp-shooters were compelled to keep under cover, thereby slackening their fire against Little Round Top. The gunners of Hazlett's battery again worked their guns and threw quite a number of shells in the vicinity of the Den. Quite a number of dead Confederate sharp-shooters were found there when the battle was over.

It was then about 6 p. m. McLaws seeing Semmes and Kershaw driven back decided to attack the Orchard. Graham was holding that position with two brigades, but the nature of the ground afforded no protection whatever. His line was in the shape of an angle and had been exposed to the fire of Longstreet's Artillery for about one hour. This artillery had slackened its fire and the infantry moved forward to the attack. Barksdale advanced against that portion of the Union line at the Sherfy House. Wofford who was in the rear of Barksdale's right moved forward and then by a half-wheel to the left advanced to attack that

portion facing south. Graham was completely wrapped in a vortex of fire ; his troops rapidly fell around him. A regular battery came to relieve Ames' New

York battery at the point most exposed ; Randolph's battery had done some ex-

cellent work : the Union guns were firing canister into the advancing Confeder-

ates. Nevertheless they penetrated the Orchard and took possession of it. Gra- ham was wounded and captured; his soldiers shared the same fate or were forced to retreat. Sickles hastened from the Trostle House but was wounded and compelled to place Birney in command. The batteries along the Emmittsburg road were withdrawn. Those on the left continued to fire at short range, drawing the guns back after each discharge. Barksdale. followed by several batteries, rushed into the open breach between Humphrey's left and Barnes' right. On the right of Barksdale, Wofford following Barksdale's success, bore eastward to take in flank the Union regiments that were holding Kershaw in check. In the centre, Anderson's division (the reader must not confound Anderson's division of Hill's Corps with Anderson's Brigade of Hood's division) composed of Wilcox's, Perry's and Wright's brigades; was moved against Humphreys, who was occupying the Emmittsburg road in the vicinity of the Rodgers and the Smith house. Wilcox was on the right and moved forward to attack that portion of the Emmittsburg road occupied by Humphreys. The other two were on his

left. Humphreys had but two brigades with him. His left was turned, his right poorly connected with Hancock's Corps and was covered by two regiments of Harrow's Brigade; and three strong brigades of the enemy were advancing to attack him. Birnev ordered him to fall back, keep his left from participating in BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG—SECOND DAV. 2J the movement, and bring his right back to the Second Corps. The trial was a hard one; he had left one-half his effective force on the field. The regiments of the Second Corps commanded by Colonel Devereux that covered his right had great difficulty in falling back in order. The loss of the Orchard was as fatal to Earnes as to Humphreys. Barnes' two brigades with that of Zook, were holding the ground recently captured from Kershaw. It is the hillock east of the Orchard and west of the Wheat Field. It was against these three brigades that Wofford, after the capture of the Orchard, moved with all the dash that success had given to his soldiers. Wofford's attack was supported by Kershaw and Semmes, as these two officers had rallied their soldiers. Barnes' two brigades were driven back; Caldwell's soldiers were taken on their right flank and Hood's troops menaced their left, and in their turn were forced to give ground, evacuating the wood and the Wheat Field.

The Confederates advanced and took possession of the wood ; their artillery descended from the Orchard and took the Unionists in flank. Brooke charged the Confederates but in vain. He was repulsed and severely wounded but did not relinquish his command. The losses were very heavy. Zook, Cross, Merwin, Chapman and Jeffards were either killed or mortally wounded. The Wheat Field well deserves the name, "Whirpool of the Battle of Gettysburg." The Union line was broken and all the forces which had been holding Longstreet on the left were unable to reform it. Of the -eight brigades which Longstreet had brought into action, six had made desperate attacks against these Union troops and compelled them to retreat to the east side of Plum Run. Kershaw and Semmes were exhausted and halted in the wood from which Barnes and DeTrobiand had been driven. Only two Confederate brigades had crossed the Round Top road. Wofford on the left pushed forward to support Barksdale's right. Anderson, who had just been wounded, occupied the wood beyond the road, brought several Union guns which he had captured and tried to cross Plum Run unsuccessfully. Sickles having been wounded, Meade now placed Hancock in command of the Third Corps. This General was endeavoring to unite the two portions of the Union line. Humphreys had completed the movement spoken of heretofore.

Most of the cannon attached to his division had lost nearly all their horses and had been abandoned in the plot of ground back of which he had posted his troops. They remained within the circle of his fire and were a tempting prize to the enemy. Bigelow's battery, which was entirely without support, took position in front of the Trostle house and directed a heavy fire of canister upon the Con-

federates who were closing in from every quarter against it. This battery lost eighty horses, four guns out of six. and three out of four officers were killed or

wounded, but it had succeeded in delaying the advance of the enemy on the left. All this bravery and sacrifice would have been useless had not the Unionists been firmly established on Little Round Top, the all-important point on their left.

T The brigades of Day and Burbank (L . S. Regulars) of Ayres" division had crossed Plum Run and moved toward the crest of Devil's Den and united with a portion of Ward's soldiers. The retreat of Barnes and Caldwell already men- tioned uncovered Ayres' right flank and thus left the Regulars in advance of the rest of the Union line. The Regulars once more displayed their usual gallantry; attacked on three sides by Hood's and McLaws' troops, they forced a passage through their oblique fires. This was not completed without loss. The Regulars, however, were compelled to fall back to the east side of Plum Run and took 28 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG—SECOND DAY. position on the right of Weed's Brigade. The Regulars in the move lost nine hundred men out of two thousand. At that time General Crawford brought McCandless (Pennsylvania Reserves) to Little Round Top to assist Weed's and Vincent's men to drive the Confeder- ates to the west side of Plum Run. The other brigade of Crawford's division arrived and was commanded by Fisher. Crawford placed McCandless on the right of Barnes, and Fisher on his left, thereby forming a solid line on the western slope of the hill which the Regulars extended across the Round Top road. Barksdale and Wofford threatened to separate this stronghold from the rest of the Union Army. These two brigades had lost but very little and pushing rapidly forward drove before them soldiers of all corps over an open space of ground, secured to the Confederate artillery good positions. Five of Alexander's batteries followed the Confederate infantry and began to fire upon Humphreys' small division. McGilvery's Artillery Brigade arrived and took a position along the east bank of Plum Run and north of the Round Top road. This brigade filled one-half the breach in Hancock's line which was opened when Caldwell's division was ordered to the Wheat Field and commanded a front of about six hundred yards and could cross its fire with the fire of Hancock's batteries. It effectually protected the remnants of the three divisions that Longstreet had driven back to the east side of Plum Run. Meade hastened forward. The troops which he had summoned from the left were in motion. Williams' division was on the cross road which connects the Baltimore and Taneytown roads ; this division was closely followed by Candy's Brigade (Geary's division) but Kane moved too far to the left and did not reach the field of action but came to a halt beyond Rock Creek. General Lockwood had gone in advance of Williams and furnished a valuable support to McGilvery's Artillery. On another road more to the south, Eustis', Nevin's and Bartlett's Brigades of the Sixth Corps forwarded by Sedgwick were moving towards Little Round Top. Meade called upon Newton, who had command of the First Corps, for reinforcements to support Humphreys. At that moment by a simultaneous attack at all points the Confederates would have stood a good chance of success. The three brigades of Anderson's, encouraged by the sight of some useless guns, thought victory was won and boldly advanced against Humphreys. They moved by the left and became separated from Barksdale, whose objective point was the breach Willard was endeavoring to close. Passing through a strip of wooded land they came in sight of the abandoned guns. Perry's Florida Brigade came to a halt near these guns and did not recover their dash. Anderson's line, then re-

duced to two brigades, extended it in order to form a junction with McLaws, thereby weakening his line at the very time it should be the strongest. One of Wilcox's regiments boldly moved against Humphreys and was met by eight small companies of the First Minnesota which Hancock had ordered to move forward. The Confederate regiment was checked but the gallant soldiers of the First Minnesota were sacrificed. At one time they were almost surrounded. The loss of the eight companies was 215 men out of a total of 262. Willard's Brigade without support lost heavily, himself among the slain. More to the left two Maryland regiments penetrated the woods south of the Trostle house and attacked Anderson's Brigade. The 150th New York charged beyond the Trostle house and brought back two of Bigelow's guns. McCandless BATTLE OF GETTVSBL'RG — SECOND DAY. 2Q.

(Pennsylvania Reserves) supported and connected them with the Fifth Corps. The three brigades of the Sixth Corps had arrived and strengthened the line extending from Little Round Top to McGilvery's Artillery. The 20th Maine as- cended Big Round Top and captured a few Confederate skirmishers who were already there reconnoitring. Fisher's Brigade was also sent to this hill. The Sixth Corps with the exception of the three brigades sent to support the Twelfth was east of the Round Tops in reserve. Williams' division which had moved from Culp's Hill, was massing in the rear of McGilvery's batteries. Xewton had brought Doubleday's division with a portion of Robinson's to the weak part of the Union line between Cemetery Hill and the Round Tops. Barksdale, already wounded, dashed gallantly forward and fell mortally wounded; his soldiers were repulsed and he was taken prisoner. The remainder of McLaws troops were not able to renew the attack. To the left of McLaws. the brigade of Wilcox followed by that of Perry, was the first of Anderson's division to make the attack. On the left of Wilcox, Wright receiving the fire of several guns, rushed forward and

captured them ; but Webb's Brigade charged forward and disputed their possession. Wright's soldiers fought with desperate valor, but in a very short time lost nearly two-thirds of their men. Wilcox lost five hundred of the fifteen hundred men of his brigade. The Confederate attack against the left wing of the Union Army had failed. The line which was taken by Sickles along the Emmitts- burg road to the Orchard and from there to the W'heat Field and Devil's Den was lost. The enemy occupied this same ground. One thing had been accom-

plished by this move of Sickles and that was : the advance of the Confederates was checked for a few hours, thereby giving the Sixth Corps time to get nearer the field of action. The reader will please bear in mind the fact, the Sixth Corps was in Manchester, Md., thirty-five miles away, at 8:30 p. m., July 1st. THE ATTACK ON CEMETERY HILL AND CULP'S HILL.

The position of Cemetery Hill was fortified with a line of Union artillery. Two brigades of the Eleventh Corps were at the foot of the hill posted along a stone fence. The Union line extended from this hill across a depression of ground to Culp's Hill. Here W^adsworth with the remnants of two brigades of the First Corps was holding an intrenchment on the western slope. On the eastern slope, Greene's Brigade (Twelfth Corps) was in position behind an intrenchment. The reader will remember that this hill had lately been stripped of a portion of its defenders—five brigades had been sent to the left. The line of intrenchments extend across Culp's Hill to Spangler's spring. The attack on Cemetery and Culp's Hills was supported by six Confederate batteries posted on Benner's Hill. The Union artillery on Cemetery Hill replied to their fire. The Confederate guns were unprotected and great damage was done them. Under cover of this cannonade. Hay's Louisiana Brigade, supported by Hoke's North Carolina Brigade, advanced from the east side of the town toward Cemetery Hill. They encountered the two brigades of the Eleventh Corps, who were at the base of the hill. These troops had not recovered from their retreat of the

previous day : they soon gave way and retreated to the summit of the hill, beyond the guns, closely followed by the enemy. The gunners could not depress the muzzles of their guns enough to rake the advancing Confederates, as they were under cover of the hill. Consequently they gained the summit, captured Wied- rich's guns and spiked two guns of Rickett's Battery. The artillerymen stood JO BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG—SECOND DAY. their ground and defended their guns as best they could. Gun-rammers, hand- spikes and stones were used in the hand-to-hand struggle which took place. The artillerymen had been ordered not to limber up their guns under any circumstances whatever, but defend this position at all hazards. Among the deeds of gallantry displayed here those of color-sergeant Geible and Adjutant Young are very conspicuous. Geible rushed forward and mounted the stone wall waving his flag in the faces of the advancing Confederates. He was shot, the flag falling over the wall next the Confederates. Young, seeing that the flag was about to fall into the hands of the enemy, hestitated not a moment but sprang over the wall and secured the flag. At that juncture the color-sergeant of the 7th Louisiana rushed forward Young perceived his movement, shot him and secured his colors and was about to recross the wall when he too was shot, and fell against the wall, and was saved from being pierced with a Confederate bayonet by Lieut. Suhrer, who turned it aside by a stroke of his saber. Young was pro- moted to the rank of captaincy for his bravery. The Unionists were reinforced by Carroll's Brigade (Second Corps) and the enemy was forced to retreat. On the retreat they were enfiladed by a heavy artillery fire from Stevens' Battery which was in position on the western slope of Culp's Hill. They were also exposed to volleys of musketry which was delivered by the 33d Massachusetts regiment, which lay to the left of Stevens' Battery. The farther the enemy retreated towards the town the more exposed they became to the fire of the guns on Cemetery Hill. The Confederates in this move lost more men on the retreat than on the charge. Hays' Brigade lost 332; Hoke's Brigade lost 345. It was about sun-down when this attack was made and the struggle lasted more than an hour. When the guns on Benner's Hill opened on the Union lines, which was about six o'clock in the evening, Johnson wns prenaring to attack Culp's Hill, which is the extreme right of the Union Army. The eastern slope of this hill was defended by one brigade only ; the remainder of the Twelfth Corps had been ordered to the left. General Greene commanded this brigade but could not defend the entire line of intrenchments which had been constructed. Johnson formed his division in two lines of battle. The brigade of Jones was on the right, followed by Nichols: Stuart was on the left near the stone house known as the Tawney House, and was followed by Walker. The Confederates began to advance. Stuart drove back the Union skirmishers and carried that portion of the intrenchments south of the ravine. Greene perceived that his right flank was turned and prolonged his left westward and posted his right on the other side of the ravine which extends in a southerly direction. By that move his troops had a point of support and in a measure covered the approaches to the Baltimore pike. Stuart and Walker moved forward, reached the stone wall and took possession of the entire southern portion of the wooded plateau which extends to the very wood in which Greene's right was resting. The approaching darkness rendered the Confederates more cautious and being ignorant of the proximity of the Baltimore pike and the ammunition wagons just beyond, the brigades of Stuart and Walker remained in the intrenchments which they had occupied and fired useless volleys of musketry; Jones, supported by Nichols, advanced against Greene's left. The Unionists were inferior in number but the intrenchments occupied by them crown a wall of rocks. In this strong position they awaited the approach of the enemy. The latter in ascending the ;

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG —THIRD DAY. 3 I

slopes of Culp's Hill could not keep in ranks among the rocks and trees. Their most determined efforts to gain the summit were useless. They were received by a well sustained fire of musketry and lost heavily. Jones was wounded Nichols came to relieve him. Greene had been reinforced by one brigade of the Eleventh Corps. Wadsworth, who occupied the west slope of the hill, extended his right to support Greene. Kane returned in time from his fruitless march over the Baltimore pike to check Stuart's advance skirmishers. Nichols' assault was repulsed; the determined efforts of the Confederates had failed. The conflict ceased about ten p. m. During the night of the 2nd, Ewell reinforced John- son with one of Early's divisions and two of Rhodes'. This addition gave John- son seven brigades with which to renew the attack the following morning. The four brigades of the Twelfth Corps returned from the Union left and reached the Baltimore pike about eleven o'clock at night (July 2nd), but dis- covering the fact that the enemy was in possession of the intrenchments held by

them prior to their departure for the left, came to a halt. Kane's Brigade joined that of Greene. Williams' division, increased to three brigades by the arrival of Lockwood, was ready to dispute with Johnson the intrenchments in which he had planted himself without striking a blow. The Sixth Corps supplied reserves to portions of the Uinon line which required them. Shaler's and Neill's Brigades were sent to the extreme right along the east side of Rock Creek. The entire

Union line was strengthened as much as possible. « THIRD DAY'S BATTLES.

As i )on as daylight dawned on the 3d, the Unionists began to assume the offensive. Williams, who had been placed in command of the Twelfth Corps, opened a heavy artillery fire from batteries on Powers' and McAllister's Hills which swept the front of the wooded plateau occupied by Johnson. Ruger, then commanding Williams' division, menaced the Confederate left, while Geary struck with his left that portion of the intrenchments occupied by the enemy. At the end of a quarter of an hour the Union batteries ceased their fire and allowed the infantry to advance. Johnson anticipated them and counter-charged. The Confederates were formed in three lines. The shock was terrific. The batteries of Meade's reserve that had not been sent to the left, concentrated their fire upon the positions occupied by the Confederates. Lockwood moved to the assistance of Gear}'. The Confederates had no artillery with which to reply to the Union guns. The combat at times languished but was soon renewed. Johnson alone sustained the brunt of the struggle which was a desperate one. Nichols and Jones on his right maintained their positions. The morning was waning. The Con- federates made one last desperate effort to break the right of Geary so as to reach the Baltimore pike. Geary had been reinforced by Shaler's Brigade and was ready to receive them. Stuart attempted to outflank this line but in the attempt was exposed to a heavy fire of musketry delivered by Ruger's skirmishers on the left flank while engaging Geary in the front. The Unionists now made the final move. Ruger advanced against the Confederate left; Geary against the front. They, could not stand this combined movement, but were forced from the intrenchments down the slope of the hill to the bed of Rock Creek, losing three stands of colors and about seventeen hundred men killed, wounded, captured or missing. The fight lasted about seven hours. The 2nd Massachusetts and 27th 3 2 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG—THIRD DAY.

Indiana Regiments lost heavily in the Spangler Meadow east of the spring which bears the same name. From this spring both Union and Confederate soldiers secured water during the night of the 2nd. PICKETT'S CHARGE.

Then came the trying time for that proud army of Northern Virginia which had been so victorious in many of the preceding battles, to know what to do on the third day that they might again be successful. Their loss was comparatively small so far, and feeling sure that the Federal army had been seriously weakened on the first and second days might fairly hope that another day's fighting would complete his success and give undisputed possession of the wealthiest Northern states. Perhaps no hours of deeper gloom were ever passed in the North than the hours of that Summer evening of the second, when the telegraph flashed over the country the news of Lee's success. The lavish sacrifice of blood and treasure seemed in vain. A million of men were in arms to defend the Union, and yet the northward progress of the enemy could not be withstood. Should Lee be victorious on the morrow, the most hopeful must despond. The day on which so much of the destiny of America hung, opened bright,

warm, and still. The morning was occupied by Lee in preparations for a crush- ing attack upon tJie centre of the Federal position ; by Meade, in carefully strengthening his»power of resistance at the point where he was to win or to lose this decisive battle. About noon, all being completed, over both armies there fell a marvelous stillness—the silence of anxious and awful expectation. It was broken by a solitary cannon-shot, and the shriek of a Whitworth shell as it rushed through the air about one o'clock of the afternoon of the third as a signal for the one hundred and forty guns placed on the Seminary Ridge by the Con- federates, to open fire against the Federal troops commanded by General Han- cock, consisting of The First Corps under the command of Newton, The Second Corps under the command of Gibbon, The Third Corps under the command of Birney, The Eleventh Corps under the command of Howard. The aim of the artillery fire was to break the Northern lines and prepare the way for Pickett's charge. The convex form of the Northern line did not give them as much space as that occupied by the Southern troops. General Hunt, in command of the Union artillery, promptly stationed eighty guns along the crest—as many as could be used advantageously. In responding to the Confed- erate batteries the artillery suffered greatly during the two hours that the cannonade lasted. Eleven ammunition wagons exploded. When the smoke of these explosions cleared, the shouts of joy from the Southern soldiers could be heard for miles along the line. At three o'clock in the afternoon General Hunt ordered a cessation of fire in order to cool the guns, and reserve ammunition for the struggle which seemed imminent. This cessation of fire naturally gave the Southerners the idea that they had silenced the Northern batteries, and Pickett at once moved forward in order to break the Union line and occupy the crest. The attack was so important, so sudden, and so contrary to the provisions of Longstreet that when Pickett demanded an order to advance, Longstreet gave no reply; then Pickett said haughtily, "I shall go forward, sir:" The other forces on his right and left were to move up and enlarge the opening thus made BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG—THIRD DAY. 33 in such a way that finally the two wings of the Union army would be completely wedged apart so permanently and effectually that they would disperse in all directions. It is supposed that this grand column of attack numbered from fifteen to eighteen thousand men. The distance to be traversed by Pickett's column was one mile or more from the woods where they started to the crest, which was

his objective point. During the time which it necessarily took to organize this column, Hunt wisely took the opportunity to withdraw the disabled batteries and replace them by others from the reserve artillery. He also replenished the boxes of ammunition, and held himself ready to receive Pickett's column, first with solid shot, followed by bombshells, and finally when close at hand explode boxes of grape and canister.

W hile crossing the open plain the Southerners suffered cruelly from this artillery. From the very start the direction of their march appeared to be toward -

the Doubleday division, but when they were within 500 yards of it, Pickett halted

and changed the direction for an oblique of almost forty-five degrees ; the attack thus struck Gibbon's division, which was on the right of Doubleday. Wilcox and Perry, who formed the right flank of Pickett, did not follow his oblique movement, but kept on straight to the front in such a manner that soon there was a vast interval between their troops and the main body, thus leaving Pickett's right completely unguarded. The Southerners came on magnificently; as soon as the shot and shell tore through their lines, they closed up the gaps, and pushed on. When they were nearing the stone wall the canister began to make frightful gaps in their ranks. They also suffered severely from a battery posted on the summit of Little Round Top, which pierced their lines. The attack of Pickett struck Hays' Brigade and the Second Corps in front of the main line. Then the musketry became so deadly that Pettigrew's men began to hesitate on the left and fall behind. Before the Southerners could reach the second fence and stone wall they were obliged to pass under the fire of a half brigade commanded by Col. Thomas B. Gates, of the 20th New York State Militia and a Vermont brigade under General Stannard, both belonging to the corps of Doubleday. When the right of Pickett became exposed by the divergent movement of Wilcox's command, Stannard seized the opportunity to make a flank attack, and while his regiment on the left, the Fourteenth, was making a terrible fire, he changed front with his two other regiments, the Thirteenth and Sixteenth, and thus brought them in a line per- pendicular to the Southern troops, and the brigade of Kemper found itself repulsed and driven toward the centre in order to avoid the energetic and deadly attack of Stannard. They were followed by Gates' command who continued

firing with close ranks. This resulted in the surrender of many ; others forced to retreat. Meantime the brigade of Armistead, joined with that of Garnett, charged on Hays' Brigade of the Second Corps and forced them back from their advanced position against the stone wall just as the batteries of the crest arrived. Al- though Webb's front was the centre of the concentrated fire of the artillery, and had already lost fifty men and several brilliant officers, their line remained firm and impenetrable. It devolved upon Webb to meet the great charge which was to decide the fate of the day. For that unforseen circumstance it would have been difficult to find a man better fitted. He was nerved to great deeds by the memory of his ancestors who had formerly rendered distinguished services to the Republic, and he felt the results of the whole war might depend upon his holding 34 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG— THIRD DAY. of the position. His men were equally determined. Cushing's Battery A, 4th United States Artillery, which had been posted on the crest, and Brown's Rhode Island Battery on his left, were completely destroyed by the cannonade. The horses were killed, the officers, with the exception of one only, were struck with fragments of shell, and Cushing had but one serviceable gun left. When Pickett's advance came very near the line young Cushing, wounded in both thighs, ran his last serviceable gun down towards the fence and cried, ''Webb, I will give them one more shot!" at that, the last discharge, he called out, "Good bye!" and fell dead at his post of duty. Webb sent new batteries to replace the two disabled ones. General Armistead, seeing Cushing fall beside his gun, hung his hat upon his sabre and waved it, saying, "Boys, we must give them the cold steel, who will follow?" He, with a number of his men, crossed the stone wall and reached the guns, and the battery was for a few moments in his possession, and the Southern flag floated triumphantly in the Union lines. But Webb was very near and facing Armistead and encouraging his men he led the Seventy-second Regiment of Pennsylvania against Pickett. They at once became engaged in a hand-to-hand conflict, and succeeded in mortally wounding Armistead ; killing and capturing nearly all of the Confederates that had crossed the stone wall, and penetrated the Union lines. A. party of the Seventy-first Pennsylvania, behind a stone wall on the right, made a very murderous fire at the flank, while a party of the Sixty- ninth made an energetic resistance at the left from behind s clump of trees near the spot where the Southerners had broken the Union line, and where the Northern men were fighting with the Southern muskets touching their breasts. At this moment two regiments conducted by Colonel Hall made a splendid charge and passed completely across Webb's line to engage with the Southerners in a hand-to-hand conflict. Armistead was mortally wounded near a cannon which he had taken. It is said that when dying his last words, which were ad- dressed to one of our officers, were, "Tell Hancock I have wronged him and have wronged my country." Gibbon and Webb were both wounded, and the loss of officers and men was very considerable. Two Southern brigadier generals were killed, and the number of prisoners was double the number of Webb's Brigade. Six battle flags and 1,463 muskets were also taken.

When Pickett looked around him and saw that it was impossible for him to hold the position, as he was surrounded by Northern soldiers—saw his men surrender in a body—heart-broken, he ordered the retreat. Few men remained of that magnificent column which had advanced so proudly led by the Ney of the Southern army, and these few fell back in disorder behind Wright's Brigade which was sent forward to cover the retreat. On the left Pettigrew's division loost 2,000. General Lee from the opposite heights watched, as Napoleon did at Waterloo, the progress of his attack. Once the smoke of battle was for a moment blown aside, and the Confederate flag was seen to wave within the enemy's position. Lee's generals congratulate him that the victory is gained. Again the clouds gather around the combatants. When it next lifted the Confederates were seen broken and fleeing down that fatal slope, where a man could walk without putting his feet upon the grass, so thickly lay the bodies of the slain. The attack had failed. The battle was irretrievably lost. The Union was saved. General Lee's business was now to save his army. "This has been a sad day for us," he said to a friend, "a sad day; but can't expect always to gain victories." He —

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG THIRD DAY. 35 rallied his broken troops expecting to be attacked by the victorious Federals. But Meade did not follow up his success.

The readers 's attention will now be called to some movements of the Cavalry of the two armies. Stuart and Kilpatrick had been pressing each other for some time and were nearing the great battlefield. On the evening of the ist, Stuart in the neighborhood of Carlisle received Lee's orders to move to Gettysburg. Stuart proceeded at once to obey the order. Kilpatrick hastened to Heidlers- burg to intercept him, but arrived too late. The following morning Kilpatrick started southward for the purpose of covering the right of the Union army, act- ing under orders from General Pleasanton. He was following the track of Stuart, who, knowing himself to be pursued, left Hampton's Brigade at Hunters- town to prevent Kilpatrick from falling upon the rear of Ewell's Corps. Quite a skirmish occurred at this town. Custer assumed the offensive, but is driven back by Hampton, who in turn charged but was repulsed. Kilpatrick received other orders, resumed his march and arrived at Two Taverns about three o'clock the next morning (July 3d). Buford was at Taneytown the evening of the 2nd and the following morning was to move to Westminster. Huey was in this town guarding the supply trains. Gregg, with Custer's, Mcintosh's and Irvin Gregg's Brigades, was on the right in the position which had been assigned to Kilpat- rick. On the afternoon of the 2nd when Johnson was preparing to attack Culp's Hill, Jenkins' Brigade of cavalry was ordered to make a reconnoisance as far as Brinkerhoff Ridge. Gregg sent some of Mcintosh's Cavalry to oppose him. The opposing forces reached the ridge about the same time. The writer has been informed by a participant that a race occurred for the possession of a stone fence. The 3d Pennsylvania arrived first and secured its welcome protection. Jenkins was wounded and the Union Cavalry remained masters of the situation. We must now turn our attention elsewhere. The Bliss buildings, about midway between the Emmittsburg road and Seminary Ridge, were occupied by some Confederate sharp-shooters during the morning of July 3d. The 12th New Jer- sey and 14th Connecticut Regiments charged upon the buildings, secured and set them on fire and returned to Hancock's line on Cemetery Ridge. General Farnsworth made his appearance in the rear of Hood's division, having crossed to the western bank of Plum Run, south of Big Round Top, and emerged in the open fields beyond. Law detached Robertson's Texas Brigade to check him. Farnsworth charged the enemy's skirmishers, but after crossing several stone fences his attack broke down before the well-sustained fire of Robertson's men. While trying to retire toward the Slyder house his troops became entagled in a network of stone fences and numerous thickets and as a consequence lost very heavily. Farnsworth was killed; Merritt, who was on the Emmittsburg road, was also repulsed. Early in the afternoon Kilpatrick ordered Merritt back and led him to the left of the Union army with the remnant of Farnsworth's Brigade. On the morning of the 3d, General Lee directed Stuart to move around the right flank of the Union line in order to create consternation within the Union ranks. Stuart was to make this move in conjunction with Pickett's charge. This plan of Lee was well conceived but like Pickett, Stuart was repulsed. Three o'clock in the morning Stuart left the positions he had occupied near Rock Creek and followed the road leading from the York pike to the Reever 36 BATTLE OK GETTYSBURG. house. Reaching the summit of Brinkerhoff Ridge he saw the cavalry posted near the Reever house. He at once conceived the plan to separate it from the right of the Union infantry line. To successfully accomplish this he must conceal his movement from the enemy and detain him in that section of the country where the Hanover and Dutch roads intersect. Confederate skirmishers occupied the wooded summit of Cress' Ridge and this same ridge acted as a screen to conceal Stuart's movements. Jenkins' and Chambliss' Brigades, accompanied by Stuart, moved along the western slope of the ridge. Lee and Hampton were to follow closely. Custer's Troops are the ones which Stuart discovered near the Reever house. On the evening of the previous day, Gregg had been ordered by Pleasanton to take a position in the rear of the army which he did. On the morning of the 3d, Gregg was ordered to advance and cover the right of the army. Proceeding along Cress' Run south of the Hanover road he had the eastern slopes of Wolf Hill in full view. It was on these slopes that Stuart must appear if he goes beyond Brinkerhoff' s Ridge. Learning of Custer's presence near the Bonneauville Road, Gregg ordered him to take position on his right. Notwithstanding the fact of his having been ordered by Kilpatrick to move' to Two Taverns, Custer complied with Gregg's request. Gregg now had three brigades numbering about five thousand men. Stuart had four brigades numbering between six and seven thousand. As yet he was unaware of the position of Gregg.

About ten o'clock Hampton and Lee made their appearance on the south side of Rummel's woods. Their artillery immediately opened fire on Custer. The latter finding his right was menaced, deployed a portion of his brigade enpotence which had been held in reserve. His guns silenced those of the Confederates. Hampton and Lee fell back under cover of the wood. Custer did not follow them. Stuart's plan was now unmasked; he also realized that if the enemy was going to menace his left flank he could proceed no farther. He sent a dispatch to Lee and Hampton to come to him, but not receiving this message, he waited for them in vain. Custer had left his position near the Reever house and was moving to join his division beyond Big Round Top. Custer by so doing obeyed an order of Kilpatrick quite recently received. Mcintosh's Brigade had taken the position vacated by Custer. Gregg with the other brigade of his division commanded by Irvin Gregg, remained in the position taken in the morning. It was about two o'clock. The two bodies of cavalry can plainly hear the sounds of the terrific artillery duel which preceded Pickett's fearful charge. Mcintosh now determined to assume the offensive, thereby baffling Stuart in his plan. The dashing Confed- erate cavalryman would liked to have continued his movement with, the brigades of Jenkins and Chambliss, while Hampton and Lee detained Mcintosh. The latter advanced upon the Rummel farm and has compelled these last two men- tioned brigades to deploy to hold him in check. Lee was in command of both brigades. His troops were dismounted and under cover of a fence. His batteries opened, which caused Mcintosh to stop. Gregg hastened forward, met Custer, and brought him back to the aid of Mcintosh. Irvin Gregg's Brigade came to the cross-road near the Howard house and remained in reserve. Stuart saw the reinforcements coming to Mcintosh, sent Jenkins' Brigade against them.

With Stuart it was no longer a question of turning the right flank of the Union army but to turn the left flank of the Union Cavalry. He had but one Brigade BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 37

with him, viz : Chambliss, and with this Brigade he continued the movement to out-flank Gregg. This officer was preparing to assume the aggressive though the enemy was posted along the slopes of Cress' Ridge and within the enclosures of the Rummel farm-buildings. The Fifth and Sixth Michigan regiments reinforced Mcintosh whose right rested on the wood situated along the Dutch road north of the Howard house and the left on the Hanover road. The First and Seventh Michigan regiments were held in reserve. The Union artillery was posted on the hill near the Howard house, and opened fire upon Lee's skirmishers who were occupying the Rummel buildings. Lee who had been trying in vain to turn Mcintosh's right had brought into the melee the greater part of his Brigade. Jenkins' Brigade was on his right extending as far as the Hanover Road.

The enemy was dislodged from the Rummel buildings by the artillery fire. Leaving his right stationary on the Dutch Road, Gregg brought his left toward Cress' Ridge thereby getting nearer to the position occupied by Stuart. A portion of Jenkins' Brigade deployed as skirmishers soon came forward to meet Gregg's troopers who were likewise dismounted. By some strange negligence the Confederates were short of ammunition, and the Sixth Michigan drove them quickly back. Gregg took advantage of the retreat of this portion of Jenkins' Brigade and ordered forward the centre of Mcintosh's Brigade. Fitzhugh Lee's men had lost their hold on the Rummel buildings, fell back in their turn and became separated from Jenkins. Stuart now ordered Chambliss to the assistance of Jenkins. Chambliss dis-

mounted one of his regiments and directed it against the Federal centre; the

remainder of his Brigade was held in readiness to support it. The progress of the Union Cavalry was checked, but Stuart had no troops left to carry out the movement which he had begun. The regiment sent forward by Chambliss was received by the Fifth Michigan which was posted behind a fence near the stream-

let called Little's Run. This regiment was armed with repeating carbines and soon repulsed the Confederate regiment.

Fitzhugh Lee, on the left of the Rummel farm, thought the time had arrived for striking a decisive blow. He ordered the First Virginia to charge mounted Mcintosh's right. The First New Jersey was driven back upon the woods. Custer hurled forward the Seventh Michigan, which charged mounted but stopped behind a fence and opened an ineffective fire. The Virginians replied in a like manner. Lee then ordered some of his men forward on foot, and soon compelled the Unionists to give ground. This momentary success had exhausted

the First Virginia ; under a heavy volley it began to fall back carrying with it Lee's entire brigade. Hampton ordered the First North Carolina and Jeff Davis Legion to charge. These two regiments came forward at a gallop, sabres in hand and rushed upon one of Gregg's batteries without allowing themselves to be staggered by its well

delivered fire. The First Michigan which up to this time had been in reserve, led by the gallant and fearless Custer met the two Confederate regiments much superior in number. The ranks of these regiments had been decimated by the Union artillery. The Southerners were repulsed after a bloody struggle, but they received prompt assistance. Lee then ordered all his remaining men to charge. Hampton's Brigade follows the example of Lee. This movement was temporarily successful. Gregg and Mcintosh then called their reserves and 38 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG hurled them upon the flanks of the Confederate column. On the right flank the Third Pennsylvania Cavalry played a very important part by charging mounted and dismounted, and created confusion in ranks of the Confederates. The opposing combatants repelled each other with desperate fury, and yet neither achieved a decided success. Hampton was wounded. A large number of officers of both armies were among the killed and wounded. The Unionists fell back and unmasked the artillery which compelled the Confederates to beat a retreat.

Stuart's plan was frustrated. Gregg held possession of the field. The Third Pennsylvania, and First New Jersey Cavalry regiments of Mcintosh's Brigade had the heaviest part of the fighting. During the night Stuart withdrew to the York Road. His duty then was to cover the retreat of General Lee. Pickett's charge had been repulsed. Lee's well laid plan failed to carry. Next day Lee began his retreat. In perfect order he moved toward the Potomac, and safely crossed the swollen river back into Virginia. The losses sustained in this battle were terrible. Forty thousand men lay dead or wounded on the field. Lee's army was weakened by over forty thousand men killed, wounded, and prisoners. Meade lost twenty-three thousand. For miles around every barn, every cottage, contained wounded men. The streets of the little town dabbled with blood Men were for many days engaged in bury- ing the dead, of whom there were nearly eight thousand. The wounded of both armies, who were able to be removed, were at once carried into hospitals and tenderly cared for. There were many so mangled that their removal was impossible. These were ministered to on the field till death relieved them from their pain. The tidings of the victory at Gettysburg came to the Northern people on the fourth of July, side by side with the tidings of the fall of Vicksburg. The proud old anniversary had perhaps never before been celebrated by the American people with hearts so thankful and so glad. President Lincoln, who had become grave and humble and reverential under the influence of those awful circumstances amid which he lived, proclaimed a solemn day of thanksgiving for the deliverance granted to the nation, and of prayer that God would lead them "through the paths of repentance and submission to the divine will, to unity and fraternal peace."

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ORGANIZATION OF THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC Maj. Gen George G. Meade Commanding at the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3, 1863. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS. COMMAND OF THE PROVOST -MARSHAL-GENERAL.

Brig. Gen. Marsena R. Patrick. #

93d New York,* Col. John S. Crocker. 8th United States (eight companies).* Capt. Edwin W. H. Read. 2d Pennsylvania Cavalry, Col. R. Butler Price. 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry. Companies E and I, Capt. James Starr. Reguhr cavalry (detachments from ist, 2d. 5th and 6th Regiments). SIGNAL corps. Capt. Lemuel B. Norton. GUARDS AND ORDERLIES. Oneida (New York) Cavalry, Capt. Daniel P. Mann. ARTILLERY.

Brig. Gen. Henry J. Hunt. ENGINEER BRIGADE. Brig. Gen. Henry W. Benham.

15th New York (three companies). Mai. Walter L. Cassin. 50th New York. Col. William H. Pettes. United States Battalion. Capt. George H. Mendell. FIRST ARMY CORPS.! Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday. Maj. Gen. John Newton. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS.

i^t Maine Cavalry. Company L, Capt. Constantine Taylor. FIRST DIVISION.

Brig. Gen. James S. Wadsworth. First Brigade Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. Solomon Meredith. Brig. Gen. Lysander Cutler. Col. William W. Rob:nsgn. - h Indiana, Col. Ira G. Grover.

19th Indiana. Col. Saml. J. Williams. 76th New York: 24th Michigan: Mai. Andrew T. Grover. Co] H nrv A. Morrow. Capt. John E. Cook. Capt. Albert M. Edwards. 84th New York ( 14th Militia), Col. 2d Wisconsin: Edward B. Fowler.

Col. Lucius Fairchild. ! 95th New York: Maj. John Mansfield. Col. George H. Biddle. Capt. George H. Otis. Maj. Edward Pye. 6th Wisconsin, Lieut. Col. Rufus 147th New York: R. Dawes. Lieut. Col. Francis C. Miller. 7th Wisconsin Maj. George Harney. Col. William W. Robinson. <56th Pennsylvania (nine compan-

Maj. Mark Finnicum. I ies), Col. J. Win. Hofmann.

Not engaged •- r. 1 Not eoiraeed. With thp excel tion of the regul battalion, it wae, luly and while it ;it B aver Dam Creek. Kd . >rderf»d to Washington. D n where arrived Tuly 3 + >Ia< Gen. John F. Reynolds, of this corns, was 1 tiled rulv 1. while in command of the lelt wing of the army; General Doubleday commanded the corps July «, and General Newton, who was assigned to that command on the 1st, superseded him July 2. :: : : ::

40 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

SECOND DIVISION.

Brig. Gen. John C. Robinson. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. Gabriel R. Paul. Brig. Gen. Henry Baxter. Col. Samuel H. Leonard. 12th Massachusetts: Col. Adrian R. Root. Col. James L. Bates. Col. Richard Coulter. Lieut. Col. David Allen, jr. Col. Peter Lyle. 83d New York (9th Militia), Lieut. Col. Richard Coulter. Col. Joseph A. Moesch. 16th Maine: 97th New York: Col. Charles W. Tilden. Col. Charles Wheelock. Maj. Archibald O. Leavitt. Maj. Charles Northrup. 13th Massachusetts: nth Pennsylvania:*

Col. Samuel H. Leonard. Col. Richard Coulter. '_ Lieut. Col. N. Walter Batch- Capt. Benjamin F. Haines. elder. Capt. John B. Overmyer. 94th New York: 88th Pennsylvania: Col. Adrian R. Root. Maj. Benezet F. Foust. Maj. Samuel A. Moffett. Capt. Henry Whiteside. 104th New York, Col. Gilbert G. 90th Pennsylvania Prey. Col. Peter Lyle. 107th Pennsylvania Maj. Alfred J. Sellers. Lieut. Col. James Mac- Col. Peter Lyle. Thomson. Capt. Emanuel D. Roath. third division.

Brig. Gen. Thomas A. R»wley. Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday.

First Brigade. Second Brigade.

Col. Chapman Biddle. Col. Roy Stone. Brig. Gen. Thomas A Rowley. Col. Langhorne Wister Col. Chapman Biddle. Col. Edmund L. Dana. 80th New York (20th Militia), Col. 143d Pennsylvania Theodore B. Gates. Col. Edmund L. Dana. 121st Pennsylvania: Lieut. Col. John D. Musser. Maj. Alexander Biddle. 149th Pennsylvania Col. Chapman Biddule. Lieut. Col. Walton Dwight Maj. Alexander Biddle. Capt. James Glenn. I42d Pennsylvania 150th Pennsylvania: Col. Robert P. Cummins. Col. Langhorne Wister. Lieut. Col. A. B. McCalmont. Lieut. Col. H. S. Huidekoper, 151st Pennsylvania: Capt. Cornelius C. Widdis. Lieut. Col. Geo. F. McFarland Capt. Walter L Owens. Col. Harrison Allen. Third Brigade.

Brig. Gen. George J. Stannard. Col. Francis V. Randall. 12th Vermont, Col. Asa P. Blunt. 13th Vermont Col. Francis V. Randall, Maj. Joseph J. Boynton.

Transferred, in afternoon of July 1, to the First Brigade. f : :

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 41

Lieut, Col. William D. Munson. 14th Vermont, Col. William T. Nichols. 15th Vermont, Col. Redfield Proctor. 16th Vermont, Col. Wheelock G. Veazey. ARTILLERY BRIGADE.

Col. Charles S. Wainwright.

Maine Light, 2d Battery (B), Capt. James A. Hall Lost 18.

Maine Light, 5th Battery (E) : " 23. Capt. Greenleaf T. Stevens. Lieut. Edward N. Whittier. * 1st New York Light. Battery L: " 17. Capt. Gilbert H. Reynolds'. Lieut. George Breck. 1st Pennsylvania Light. Battery B. Capt. James H. Cooper, " 12. 4th United States, Battery B, Lieut. James Stewart " 36. SECOND ARMY CORPS.

Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock. Brig. Gen. John Gibson. general headquarters.

6th New York Cavalry, Companies D and K, Capt. Riley Johnson.

FIRST DIVISION.

Brig. Gen. John C. Caldwell.

First Brigade. Third Brigade.

Col. Edward E. Cross Brig. Gen. Samuel K. Zook. Col. H. Boyd McKeen. Lieut. Col. John Fraser. 5th New Hampshire. Lieut. Col. S2d New York: Charles E. Hapgood. Lieut. Col. C. G. Freudenberg. 61 st New York, Lieut. Col. K. Os- Capt. William Scherrer. car Broady. 57th New York, Lieut. Col. Alford 81 st Pennsylvania: B. Chapman. Col. H. Boyd McKeen 66th New York: Lieut. Col. Amos Stroh. Col. Orlando H. Morris. 148th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Rob- Lieut. Col. John S. Hammell. ert McFarlane. Maj. Peter Nelson. 140th Pennsylvania Second Brigade. Col. Richard P. Roberts. Col. Patrick Kelly. Lieut. Col. John Fraser. 28th Massachusetts, Col. R. Byrnes. Fourth Brigade.

63d New York (two companies) : Lieut. Col. Richard C. Bentley. Col. John R. Brooke. Capt. Thomas Touhy. 27th Connecticut (two companies) : 69th New York (two companies) : Lieut. Col. Henry C. Merwin. Capt. Richard Moroney Maj. James H. Coburn. Lieut. James J. Smith. 2d Delaware 88th New York (two companies) : Col. William P. Baily.

Battery E. Jst New York Liyht Artillery, attached, + After the death of General Reynolds, General Hancock was assigned to the command of all the troops on the held of battle. relievinK General Howard, who had succeeded General Reynolds. General Gibbon, of the Second Division, assumed command of the corps These assignments terminated on the evening of July 1 similar changes in commanders occurred during the battle of the 2d. when General Hancock was put in command of the Corps, in Thud addition to that of his own- He was wounded on the jd, and Brig. Gen \\ llham Hays was assigned to the command of the corps : : : :

42 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

Capt. Denis F. Burke. Capt. Charles H. Christman. 116th Pennsylvania (four compan- 64th New York: ies), Maj. St. Clair A. Mul- Col. Daniel G. Bingham. { holland. Maj. Leman W. Bradley. 53d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Rich- ards McMichael. 145th Pennsylvania (seven com-

panies) : Col. Hiram L. Brown. Capt. John W. Reynolds. Capt. Moses W. Oliver. SECOND DIVISION.

Brig. Gen. John Gibbon. Brig. Gen. William Harrow.

First Brigade. Third Brigade. Harrow. Brig. Gen. William Col. Norman J. Hall. Col. Francis E. Heath. igth Massachusetts, Col. Arthur F, 19th Maine Devereux. Col. Francis E. Heath. 20th Massachusetts: Lieut. Col. Henry W Cun- Col. Paul J. Revere. ningham. Lieut. Col. George N. Macy. 15th Massachusetts: Capt. Henry L. Abbott. Col. George H. Ward. 7th Michigan Lieut. Col. George C. Joslin. Lieut. Col. Amos E. Steele, jr. * 1st Minnesota: Maj. Sylvanus W. Curtis. Col. William Colville, jr. 42 d New York, Col. James E. Mal- Capt. Nathan S. Messick. lon. Capt. Henry C. Coates. 5Qth New York, (four companies) :

82d New York (2d Militia) : Lieut. Col. Max A. Thoman. Lieut. Col. James Huston. Capt. William McFadden. Capt. John Darrow. Second Brigade. Unattached.

Brig. Gen. Alexander S. Webb. Massachusetts Sharpshooters, 1 st 69th Pennsylvania Company Col. Dennis O'Kane. Capt. William Plumer. Capt. William Davis. Lieut. Emerson L. Bicknell. 71st Pennsylvania, Col. Richard Penn Smith.

72d Pennsylvania : Col. De Witt C. Baxter. Lieut. Col. Theodore Hesser. 106th Pennsylvania. Lieut. Col. Wil- liam L. Currv. THIRD DIVISION

rig. Gen. Alexander Hays.

First Brigade. Second Brigade.

Col. Samuel S. Carroll. Col. Thomas A. Smith. Lieut. Col. Francis E. Pierce. 14th Indiana, Col. John Coons. 4th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Leonard W. 14th Connecticut, Mai. Theodore G. Carpenter. [ Ellis. 8th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Franklin Saw- 1st Delaware: yer. Lieut. Col. Edward P. Harris.

*2d Comuany Minnesota Shan shooters attached- BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 43

7th West Virginia, Lieut. Col. Capt. Thomas B. Hizar. Jonathan H. Lockwood. Lieut. William Smith. Lieut. John T. Dent. 12th New Jersey, Maj. John T. Hill, ioth New York (battalion), Maj. George F. Hopper. 108th New York, Lieut. Col. Frana* E. Pierce.

Brigade. B Third Col. George L. Willard. Col. Eliakim Sherrill. Lieut. Col. James M. Bull. 39th New York (four companies), Maj. Hugo Hildefrandt I nth New York: Col. Clinton D. MacDougall Lieut. Col. Isaac M. Lusk. Capt. Aaron P. Seeley. 125th New York, Lieut. Col. Levin Crandel^ 126th New York: Col. Eliakim Sherrill. Lieut. Col. James M. Bull. \ ARTILLERY BRIGA ud

Capt. John G. Hazard. 1st New York Light, Battery B : Lost 26. * •! Lieut. Albert S. Sheldon. Capt. James McKay Rorty. Lieut. Robert E. Rogers. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A, Capt. Wm. A. Arnold, " 32. 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery B: " 28. Lieut. T. Fred. Brown. Lieut. Walter S. Perrin. 1st United States, Battery I •» : 25- Lieut. George A. Woodruff. Lieut. Tully McCrea. 4th United States, Battery A: " 38.

Lieut. • Alonzo H. dishing. Sergt. Frederick Fuger. THIRD ARMY CORPS.

Maj. Gen. Daniel Sickles. Maj. Gen. David B. Birney.

first division.

Maj. Gen. David B. Birney. Brig. Gen. J. H. Hobart Ward.

First Brigade. Second Brigade.

Brig. Gen. Charles K. Graham. Brig. Gen. J. H. Hobart Ward. Col. Andrew H. Tippan. Col. Hiram Berdak. 57th Pennsylvania (eight compan- 20th Indiana:

ies) : Col. John Wheeler. Col. Peter Sides. Lieut. Col. William C. L. Tay- Capt. Alanson H. Nelson. lor.

* Transferred from Artillery 1 Reserve, July ; Mtn New' York Battery attached. : : :

44 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

63d Pennsylvania, Maj. John A. 3d Maine, Col. Mos. B. Lakeman. Danks. 4th Maine

68th Pennsylvania . Col. Elijah Walker. Col. Andrew H. Tippin. Capt. Edwin Libby. Capt. Milton S. Davis. (?) 86th New York, Lieut. Col. Benja- 105th Pennsylvania, Col. Calvin A. min L. Higgins. Craig. 124th New York: 114th Pennsylvania: «^ol. A. Van Home Ellis. Lieut." Col. Frederick F. Ca- Lieut. Col. Francis M. Cum- vada. mins. Capt. Edward R. Bowen. 9yth Pennsylvania, Mai. John W. 141st Pennsylvania, Col. Henry J. Moore, '£ Madill. ist United States Sharpshooters: Col. Hiram Berdan. Lieut. Col. Casper Trepp. 2d United States Sharpshooters (eight companies), Maj. Homer R. Stoughton. Third Brigade.

Col. P. Regis de Trobriand.

17th Maine, Lieut. Col. Charles B. Merrill. 3d Michigan Col. Byron R. Pierce. Lieut. Col. Edwin S. Pierce. 5th Michigan, Lieut. Col. John Pul£ord. 40th New York, Col. Thomas W. Egan.

tioth Pennsylvania (six companies) : Lieut. Col. David M. Jones. Maj. Isaac Rogers.

SECOND DIVISION.

Brig. Gen. Andrew7 A. Humphreys.

First Brigade. Second Brigade.

Brig. Gen. Joseph B. Carr. Col. William R.. Brewster. Col. 70th New York, Col. Egbert 1 st Massachusetts, Lieut. J. Clark B. Baldwin, Farnum. nth Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Por- 71st New York, Col. Henry L. ter D. Tripp. Potter. 16th Massachusetts 72d New York: Lieut. Col. Waldo Merriam. Col. John S. Austin. Capt. Matthew Donovan. Lieut. Col. John Leonard. 12th New Hampshire, Capt. John F, 73d New York, Maj. Michael W. Langley. burns. nth New Jersey: 74th New York, Lieut. Col. Thos. Col. Robert McAllister. Holt. Capt. Luther Martin. 120th New York: Lieut. John Schoonover. Lieut. Col. Cornelius D. Capt. William H. Lloyd. Westbrook. Capt. Samuel T. Sleeper. Maj. John R. Tappen. Lieut. John Schoonover. 26th Pennsylvania, Maj. Robert L Bodine. 84th Pennsylvania,* Lieut. Col. Mil ton Opp.

•Guarding Corps trains, and not engaged in the battle- : :: :

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG 45

Third Brigade.

Col. George C. Burling.

2d New Hampshire. Col. Edward L. Bailey.

5th New Jersey : Col. William J. Sewell. Capt. Thomas C. Godfrey. Capt. Henry H. Woolsey. 6th New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Stephen R. Gilkyson. 7th New Jersey Col. Louis R. Francine. Maj. Frederick Cooper. 8th New Jersey Col. John Ramsey. Capt. John G. Langston. 115th Pennsylvania, Maj. John P. Dunne. ARTILLERY BRIGADE.

Capt. George E. Randolph. Capt. A. Judson Ci.ark.

New Jersey Light. 26. Battery : Lost 20. Capt. A. Judson Clark. Lieut. Robert Sims. 1st New York Light, Battery D. Capt. Geo. B. Winslow, " 18. New York Light, 4th Battery, Capt. James E. Smith " 13. 1st Rhode Island Light. Battery E : " 30. Lieut. John K. Bucklyn. Lieut. Benjamin Freeborn. 4th United States, Battery K: " 25. Lieut. Francis \V. Seeley. • Lieut. Robert James. FIFTH ARMY CORPS.

Maj. Gen. George Sykes. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS.

12th New York Infantry, Companies D and E, Capt. Henry W. Rider. 17th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Companies D and H, Capt. William Thompson FIRST DIVISION.

Brig. Gen. James Barnes.

First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. William S. Tilton Col. Jacob B. Sweitzer. 18th Massachusetts, Col. Joseph 9th Massachusetts, Col. Patrick R. Hayes. Guiney. 22d Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. 32d Massachusetts, Col. G. L. Pres- Thomas Sherwin, jr. cott. 1st Michigan 4th Michigan Col. Ira C. Abbott. Col. Harrison H. Jeffords. Lieut. Col. William A. Throop. Lieut. Col. George W. Lum- a 18th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. bard. James Gwyn. 62d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Tames C. Hull.

fhtrd Brigade. Col. Strong Vihcekt. Col. James C. Rice. 46 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

20th Maine, Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain. 16th Michigan, Lieut. Col. Norval E. Welch. 44th New York: Col. James C. Rice. Lieut. Col. Freeman Conner. 83d Pennsylvania, Capt. Orpheus S. Woodward.

SECOND DIVISION.

Brig. Gen. Romeyn B. Ayres.

First Brigade. Second Brigade.

Col. Hannibal Day. Col. Sidney Burbank.

3d United States (six companies) : 2d United States (six companies), Capt. Henry W. Freedley. Maj. Arthur T. Lee. Capt. Richard G. Lay. Capt. Samuel A. McKee. 4th United States (four compan- 7th United States (four companies) ies), Capt. David P. Hancock. Capt. Julius W. Adams, jr. roth United States (three compan- 6th United States (five companies) ies), Capt. William D. Clinton Capt. Levi C. Bootes. nth United States (six companies), I2th United States (eight compan- Maj. De Lancey Floyd-Jones. ies), Capt. Thomas S. Dunn. 17th United States (seven compan- 14th United States (eight companies), Lieut. Col. J. Dwell ies), Maj. Grotius R. Gid- Greene. dings.

Third Brigade.

Brig. Gen. Stephen H. Weed. Col. Kenner Garrard.

140th New York: Col. Patrick H. O'Rorke. Lieut. Col. Louis Ernst. 146th New York: Col. Kenner Garrard. Lieut. Col. David T. Jenkins. 91st Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Joseph H. Sinex. 155th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. John H. Cain. THIRD DIVISION.*

Brig. Gen. Samuel W. Crawford.

First Brigade. Third Brigade.

Col. William McCandless. Col. Joseph W. Fisher.

1st Pennsylvania Reserves (nine 5th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut companies), Col. William C. Col. George Dare. Talley. 9th Pennsylvania Reserves, Lieut. 2d Pennsvlvania Reserves, Lieut. Col. James McK. Snodgrass. Col. George A. Woodward. 10th Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. Lieut. 6th Pennsylvania Reserves, Adoniram J . Warner. Col. Wellington H. Ent. nth Pennsylvania Reserves, Col. 13th Pennsylvania Reserves: Samuel M. Jackson. Col. Charles F. Taylor. 12th Pennsylvania Reserves (nine Maj. William R. Hartshorne. companies), Col. Martin D. Hardin.

* Joined corps June 28. The Second Brigade left in the Department of Washington. BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 47

ARTILLERY BRIGADE.

Capt. Augustus P. Martin. Massachusetts Light, 3d Battery (C), Lieut. Aaron F. Walcott Lost 6. 1st New York Light, Battery C, Capt. Almont Barnes... 1st Ohio Light, Battery L, Capt. Frank C. Gibbs " a.

5th United States, Battery D : " 13 Lieut. Charles E. Hazlett. Lieut. Benjamin F. Rittenhouse.

5th United States, Battery I : " 22. Lieut. Malbone F. Watson. Lieut. Charles C. MacConnell. SIXTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. John Sedgwick. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS.

1st New Jersey Cavalry, Company L, 1st Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company H, Capt. William S. Craft.

FIRST DIVISION.

Brig. Gen. Horatio G. Wright. Provost Guard. 4th New Jersey (three companies), Capt. William R. Maxwell.

First Brigade. Second Brigade. * Brig. Gen. A. T. A. Torbert. Brig. Gen. Joseph J. Bartlett. xst New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Wil 5th Maine, Col. Clark S. Edwards. liam Henry, jr. 12 1 st New York, Col. Emory Upton. 2d New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Charles 95th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Ed- Wiebecke. ward Carroll. 3d New Jersey, Lieut. Col. Ed- 06th Pennsylvania, Maj. William ward L. Campbell. H. Lessig. 15th New Jersey, Col. William H. Penrose. Third Brigade.

Brig. Gen. David A. Russell.

6th Maine, Col. Hiram Burnham. 49th Pennsylvania (four companies). Lieut. Col. Thomas M. HulingS. 119th Pennsylvania, Col. Peter C. Ellmaker. 5th Wisconsin, Col. Thomas S. Allen. SECOND DIVISION.! Brig. Gen. Albion P. Howe. Second Brigade. Third Brigade. Col. Lewis A. Grant. Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Neill. 2d Vermont, Col. James H. Wal- 7th Maine (six companies), Lieut. bridge. Col. Selden Connor. Lost 6. 3d Vermont, Col. Thomas O. Sea- 3.3d New York (detachment), Capt ver. Henry J. Gifford

* Also in command of the Third Brigade. Third Division, on July 3 tNo First Brigade in division :

4 8 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

4th Vermont, Col. Charles B. 43d New York, Lieut. Col. John | Stoughton. Wilson. Lost 5. 5th Vermont, Lieut. Col. John R. 49th New York, Col. Daniel D. Bid- Lewis. well. Lost 2. 6th Vermont, Col. Elisha L. Barney 77th New York, Lieut. Col. Winsor B. French. 61 st Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. George F. Smith. Lost 2.

THIRD DIVISION.

Maj. Gen. John Newton. Brig. Gen. Frank WhEaton.

First Brigade. Second Brigade.

Brig. Gen. Alexander Shaler. Col. Henry L. Eustis. 65th New York, Col. Joseph E. 7th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Hamblin. Franklin P. Harlow. 67th New York, Col. Nelson Cross. 10th Massachusetts, Lieut. Col. Jos- I22d New York, Col. Silas Titus. eph B. Parsons. 23d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. John 37th Massachusetts, Col. Oliver Ed- F. Glenn. wards. 82d Pennsylvania, Col. Isaac C. 2d Rhode Island, Col Horatio Bassett. Rogers, Jr.

Third Brigade.

Brig. Gen. Frank Wheaton. Col. David J. Nevin.

62d New York Col. David J. Nevin. Lieut. Col. Theodore B. Hamilton. 93d Pennsylvania, Maj. John I. Nevin. 98th Pennsylvania, Maj. John B. Kohler. I02d Pennsylvania, Col. John W. Patterson.

139th Pennsylvania : Col. Frederick H. Collier. Lieut. Col. William H. Moody.

ARTILLERY BRIGADE.

Col. Charles H. Thompkins.

Massachusetts Light. 1st Battery (A), Capt. William H. McCartney Lost New York Light, 1st Battery, Capt. Andrew Cowan.'.... " 12. New York Light, 3d Battery, Capt. William A. Harn 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery C. Capt. Richard Water- man 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery G, Capt. George W. Adams 2d United States, Battery D, Lieut. Edward B. Williston 2d United States, Battery G, Lieut. John H. Butler 5th United States, Battery F, Lieut. Leonard Martin...

* Guarding wagon team at Westminster, and not engaged in the battle : : :

KATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 49

ELEVENTH ARMY CORPS.* Maj. Gen. Oliver H. Howard. GENERAL HEADQUARTERS.

ist Indiana Cavalry. Companies I and K, Capt. Abram Sharra. 8th New York Infantry (one company), Lieut. Hermann Foerstec. FIRST DIVISION.

Brig. Gen. Francis C. Barlow. Brig. Gen. Adelbert Ames. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Col. Leopold von Gilsa. Brig. Gen. Adelbert Ames. Col. Andrew Harris. 41st New York (nine companies), L. Lieut. Col. Detleo von Ein- 17th Connecticut siedel. Lieut. Col. Douglas Fowler. 54th New York Mai. Allen G. Brady. Maj. Stephen Kovacs. 25th Ohio: Lieut. Ernst Both (?) Lieut. Col. Jeremiah Wil- 68th New York, Col. Gotthilf liams.

Bourry Capt. Nathaniel J. Manning. 153d Pennsylvania, Maj. John F. Lieut. William Maloney. Frueauff. Lieut. Israel White. 75th Ohio: Col. Andrew L. Harris. Capt. George B. Fox.

107th Ohio : Col. Seraphim Meyer. Capt. John M. Lutz. SECOND DIVISION. Brig. Gen. Adolph von Steinwehr. First Brigade. Second Brigade.

Col. Charles R. Coster Col. Orland Smith. 134th New York, Lieut. Col. Allan 33d Massachusetts, Col. Adin B. H. Jackson. Underwood. 154th New York, Lieut. Col. D. B. 136th New York, Col. James Wood, Allen. jr. 27th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Lo- 55th Ohio, Col. Charles B. Gam- renz Cantador. bee. 73d Pennsylvania, Capt. D. F 73d Ohio. Lieut. Col. Richard Kelley. Long. third division. Maj. Gen Carl Schurz. First Brigade. Second Brigade. Brig. Gen. Alex. SchimmELFENnig. Col. W. Krzyzanowski. Col. George von Amsberg. 58th New York: 82d Illinois, Lieut. Col. Edward S. Lieut. Col. August Otto. Salomon. Capt. Emil Koenig. 45th New York 119th New York Col. George von Amsberg. Col. John T. Lockman. Lieut. Col. Adolphus Dobke. Lieut. Col. Edw. F. Lloyd.

* During the interval between the Death of General Reynolds and the arrival of General Hancock, on the afternoon of July 1. all the troops on the Held of battle were commanded by General Howard. General Schurz takintr command of the Eleventh Corps, and Gen- eral Schimmelfennig of the Third Division. : : : :

5o BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

157th New York, Col. Philip P. 82d Ohio: Brown, jr. Col. James S. Robinson. 61st Ohio, Col. Stephen J. Mc- Lieut. Col. David Thomsoa. Groarty. 75th Pennsylvania: 74th Pennsylvania Col. Francis Mahler. Col. Adolph von Hartung. Maj. August Ledig. Lieut. Col. Alexander von 26th Wisconsin Mitzel. Lieut. Col. Hans Boebel. Capt. Gustav Schleiter. Capt. John W. Fuchs. Capt. Henry Krauseneck.

ARTILLERY BRIGADE. Maj. Thomas W. Osborn.

1st New York Light, Battery I, Capt. Michael Weidrich. Lost 13. New York Light, 13th Battery, Lieut. William Wheeler. II. 1st Ohio Light, Battery I, Capt. Hubert Dilger... 13- 1st Ohio Light, Battery K, Capt. Lewis Heckman. IS-

4th United States, Battery G : 17- Lieut. Bayard Wilkeson. Lieut. Eugene A. Bancroft. TWELFTH ARMY CORPS. Maj. Gen. Henry W. Slocum. * Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams. provost guard.

10th Maine . (four companies), Capt. John D. Beardsley. FIRST DIVISION.

Brig. Gen. Alpheus S. Williams. Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger.

First Brigade. Second Brigade, t

Col. Archibald L. McDougall. Brig. Gen. Henry H. Lockwood. 5th Connecticut, Col. W. W. 1 st Maryland, Potomac Home Packer. Brigade. Col. William P. 20th Connecticut, Lieut. Col. Wil- Maulsby. liam B. Wooster. 1st Maryland, Eastern Shore, 3d Maryland, Col. Jos. M. Suds- Col. James Wallace. burg. 150th New York, Col. John Ketch- 123d New York: am. Lieut. Col. James C. Rog- ers. Capt. Adolphus H. Tanner. 145th New York, Col. E. L. Price. 46th Pennsylvania, Col. James L. Selfridge.

Third Brigade.

Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Ruger. Col. Silas Colgrove. 27th Indiana Col. Silas Colgrove. Lieut. Col. John R. Fesler. 2d Massachusetts

* Exercised command of the right wing- of the army during a part of the battle

tUnassigned during progress of battle : afterward attached to First Division, as Second Brigade The command theretofore known as the Second (or Jackson's) Brigade had previously been consolidated with the First Brigade :

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 51

Lieut. Col. Charles R. Mudge. Maj. Charles F. Morse. 13th New Jersey, Col. Ezra A. Carman. 107th New York, Col. Nirom M. Crane. 3d Wisconsin, Col. William Hawley. SECOND DIVISION. Bri Gen. John W. Geary. First Brigade. Second Brigade.

Col. Charles Candy. Col. George A. Cobham, Jr. 5th Ohio, Col. John H. Patrick. Brig. Gen. Thomas L. Kane. 7th Ohio. Col. Wm. R. Creighton. Col. George A. Cobham, Jr. 29th Ohio: 29th Pennsylvania, Col. William Capt. Wilbur F. Stevens. Rickards, jr. Capt. Edward Hayes. 109th Pennsylvania, Capt. F. L. 66th Ohio, Lieut. Col. Eugene Gimber.

Powell. 1 nth Pennsylvania: 28th Pennsylvania, Capt. John Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Flynn. Walker. 147th Pennsylvania (eight compan- Col. George. A. Cobham, jr. ies), Lieut. Col. Ario Par- Lieut. Col. Thomas M. dee, jr. Walker.

Third Brigade.

Brig. Gen. George S. Greene. 60th New York, Col. Abel Godard. 78th New York, Lieut. Col. Herbert von Hammerstein. i02d New York Col. James C. Lane. Capt. Lewis R. Stegman. 137th New York. Col. David Ireland. 149th New York: Col. Henry A. Barnum. Lieut. Col. Charles B. Randall. artillery brigade.

Lieut. Edward D. Muhlenberg.

1st New York Light, Battery M, Lieut. Chas. E. Winegar, Lost

Pennsylvania Light. Battery E, Lieut. Charles A. Atwell. . " 3. 4th United States, Battery F. Lieut. Sylvanus T. Rugg " 1. 5th United States, Battery K, Lieut. David H. Kinzie " 5. CAVALRY CORPS. Mai. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton. FIRST DIVISION. Brig. Gen. John Buford. Second Brigade. First Brigade. Col. Thomas C. Devin. Col. William Gamble. 6th New York, Maj. William E.

8th Illinois, Mai. John L. Bever- Beardsley ; lost, 8.

idge ; lost, 7. 9th New York, Col. William Sack-

12th Illinois (four companies), CqI. ett ; lost, 7.

George H. Chapman ; lost, 20. 17th Pennsylvania, Col. J. H. Kel- 3d Indiana (six companies), Col. logg: lost, 4.

George H. Chapman ; lost, 32. 3d West Virginia (two compan- 8th New York. Lieut. Col. William ies), Capt. Seymour B. Con-

L. Markell; lost, 40. ger ; lost, 4. ;

52 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

Reserve Brigade. ( Brig. Gen. WESLEY Merritt.

6th Pennsylvania, Maj. James H. Haseltine Lost 12. 1st United States, Capt. Richard S. C. Lord " 15. 2d United States, Capt. T. F. Rodenbough 17. 5th United States. Capt. Julius W. Mason " 5. 6th United States: At Fairfield " 242. Maj. Samuel H. Starr. Lieut. Louis H. Carpenter. Lieut. Nicholas Nolan. Capt. Ira W. Claflin.

SECOND DIVISION.

Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg.

Headquarters Guard.

1st Ohio, Company A, Capt. Noah Jones.

First Brigade. Second Brigade.! Col. John B. McIntosh. Col. Pennock Huey. 1st Maryland (eleven companies), 2d New York, Lieut. Col. Otto Lieut. Col. James M. Deems; Harhaus. lost, 3. 4th New York, Lieut. Col. Augustus Purnell (Maryland) Legion, Com- Pruyn. pany A, Capt. Robert E. Du- 6th Ohio (ten companies), Maj. vail. William Stedman. 1st Massachusetts,* Lieut. Col. 8th Pennsylvania, Capt. William A. Greely S. Curtis. Corrie. I 1st New Jersey, Maj. M. H. Beau-

mont ; lost. 9. 1st Pennsylvania, Col. John P. Tay-

lor ; lost, 2. 3d Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. E. S. Jones; lost, 21. 3d Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, Section Battery H,f Capt. W. D. Rank; lost, 3.

Third Brigade.

Col. J. Irvin Gregg.

1st Maine (ten companies), Lieut. Col. Chas. H. Smith, Lost 5. t 10th New York. Maj. M. Henry Avery " 9. 4th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. William E. Doster " 1. 16th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. John K. Robinson " 6.

THIRD DIVISION.

Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick.

Headquarters Guard.

1st Ohio, Company C, Capt. Samuel N. Stanford.

* Served with the Sixth Army Corps, and on the right flank. t Serving as light artillery. t At Westminster, etc., and not engaged in the battle. : ;

BATTLE OF GETTVSBUKG. 55

First Brigade. Second Brigade.

Brig. Gen. Elcn J. Farnsworth. Brig. Gen. George A. Custer. Col. Nathaniel P. Richmond. 1st Michigan, Col. Charles H.

Staff lost I. Town ; lost, 73. 5th New York, Maj. John Ham- 5th Michigan, Col. Russell A. Al-

mond ; lost, 6. ger; lost, 56. i8th Pennsylvania, Lieut. Col. Wil- 6th Michigan, Col. George Gray;

liam P. Brinton ; lost, 14. lost, 28. 1st Vermont, Lieut. Col. Addison ~th Michigan (ten companies), CoL

W. Preston ; lost. 65. William D. Mann; lost, 100. 1st West Virginia (ten companies), lost, 12 Col. Nathaniel P. Richmond. Maj. Charles E. Capehart.

horse artillery.

First Brigade. Second Brigade.

Capt. James M. Robertson. Capt. John C. Tidball.

9th Michigan Battery, Capt. Jabez 1st United States, Batteries E and

J. Daniels ; lost, 5. G, Capt. Alanson M. Randol. 6th New York Battery, Capt. Joseph 1st United States, Battery K, Capt.

W. Martin; lost. 1. William M. Graham ; lost, 3. 2d United States, Batteries B and 2d United States, Battery A, Lieut.

L, Lieut. Edward Heaton. John H. Calef ; lost, 12. 2d United States, Battery M, Lieut. 3d United States, Battery C, Lieut, A. C. M. Pennington, jr.; William D. Fuller.*

lost, 1. 4th United States, Battery E, Lieut. Samuel S. Elder; lost, 1.

ARTILLERY RESERVE.

Brig. Gen. Robert O. Tyler. Capt. James M. Robertson.

Headquarters Guard.

32d Massachusetts Infantry, Company C, Capt. Josiah C. Fuller.

First Regular Brigade. First Volunteer Brigade.

Capt. Dunbar R. Ransom. Lieut. Col. Freeman McGilvery.

1st United States, Battery H, lost 10. Massachusetts Light, 5th Battery Lieut. Chandler P. Eakin. (E).| Capt. Charles A. Phil- Lieut. Philip D. Mason. lips; lost, 21. 3d United States, Batteries r" and Massachusetts Light, 9th Battery: K, Lieut. John G. Turnbirn Capt. John Bigelow.

lost. 24. Lieut. Richard S. Milton ; lost, 28. 4th United States, Battery C, Lieut. New York Light, 15th Battery, Capt.

; lost, 18. lost. 16. Evan Thomas I Patrick Hart; 5th United States, Battery C, Lieut. Pennsylvania Light, Batteries C and

Gulian V. Weir ; lost, 16. F, Capt. James Thompson ; lost 28.

* With Huey's Cavalry Brigade, and not engaged in the battle. f 10th New York Battery attached to 5th Mass. Bat. E. 54 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

Second Volunteer Brigade. Third Volunteer Brigade. Capt. Elijah D. Taft. Capt. James F. Huntington. 1st Connecticut Heavy, Battery B,* New Hampshire Light, ist Battery, Capt. Albert F. Brooker. Capt. Frederick M. Edgelf; ist Connecticut Heavy, Battery M,* lost, 3. Capt. Franklin A. Pratt. ist Ohio Light, Battery H, Lieut. Connecticut Light, 2d Battery, Capt. George W. Norton; lost, 7. John W. Sterling; lost, 5. ist Pennsylvania Light, Batteries F New York Light, 5th Battery, Capt. and G, Capt. R. Bruce Rick-

Elijah D. Taft; lost, 3. etts ; lost, 23. West Virginia Light, Battery C, Capt. Wallace Hill; lost, 4.

Fourth Volunteer Brigade. Capt. Robert H. Fitzhugh.

Maine Light, 6th Battery (F), Lieut. Edwin B. Dow Lost 13. Maryland Light, Battery A, Capt. James H. Rigby. New Jersey Light, ist Battery, Lieut. Augustin N. Parsons, ist New York Light, Battery G, Capt. Nelson Ames ist New York Light, Battery K,f Capt. Robt. H. Fitzhugh.

Train Guard. 4th New Jersey Infantry (seven companies), Maj. Charles Ewing.

* Not engaged. futh New York Battery attached. t Had command of the right wing, consisting of the First Cavalry Di- vision and the Cavalry Reserve Brigade, and a brigade of infantry under Brig. Gen. Adelbert Ames. BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 55

The following pages will contain—All the Organizations of both Federal and Confederate Armies, that participated in the battle, during the three days at

Gettysburg, July i, 2 and 3, 1863. The names of Officers commanding on reaching the field, together with the loss each organization sustained during the battle —And seven maps, four of the first day, two of the second, and one of the third. Showing the exact position of each Union and Confederate Brigade, as they became engaged. To understand the movements of the three days* fight, persons should begin with the avenues West and North of Gettysburg, on left of avenue named after General Reynolds, and follow all the avenues as outlined in the book named after the Seven Corps Commanders. In this way the battle can be under- stood intelligently, and the position found of each organization, marked with a monument or tablet on the Battlefield of Gettysburg. In leaving Gettysburg by way of now called Maine street, westward, at the edge of the town, stands a bronze figure which marks the 26th Emergency Regiment. 121st Pennsylvania—Major Alexander Biddle, Commanding, Brought into action, 306; lost 179. 80th New York—Col. Theodore B. Gates, Commanding,

Brought into action, 375 ; lost 170. Califfs Battery (Central Sec), Lost 12. I42d Pennsylvania—Col. Robert B. Cummins, Commanding, Brought into action, 338; lost 211. 151st Pennsylvania—Col. George F. McFarland, Commanding,

Brought into action, 467 ; lost 337. 8th New York Cavalry—Col. William L. Markell, Commanding, Lost 34. 1st New York—Battery L, Commanded by B. Reynolds, Lost 17. 8th Illinois Cavalry—Col. John L. Beverage, Commanding, Lost 7. Next is the tablet in the woods marking the spot when General Reynolds was killed, supposed to have been shot from the buildings which can be seen from the tablet.

19th Indiana—Col. Samuel J. Williams, Commanding,

Brought into action, 288 ; lost 210. 24th Michigan—Col. Henry A. Morrow, Commanding, Brought into action, 496; lost 363. 2d Wisconsin—Col. Lucius Fairchild, Commanding,

Brought into action, 302 ; lost 233. 7th Wisconsin—Col. William W. Robinson, Commanding, Brought into action, 370; lost 194. This is the regiment the Hero of Gettysburg, John Burns, fought with. The tree standing close to the monument on the east, side, has a knot in it about two feet up from the ground. This is the tree that he set his old flint lock gun against when his ammunition became exhausted. The Seventh Wisconsin boys told me themselves that they furnished him with a gun and ammunition of one of their comrades that had been wounded and carried from the field, and that John Burns participated in the fight until he was wounded himself. His wound was not serious, and he shouldered his old flint lock musket and worked his way home. The little humble cottage still stands at the west end of the street, now called Main street, at the time of the battle Chambersburg street, and his old flint lock gun can be seen at Harrisburg, in the Capitol Building. He was 68 years old at the time, and lived to be 78 years old. In reaching the field of battle he came 56 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

first to the 150th Pennsylvania Regiment; the colonel's attention was called to it by some of the boys, and the colonel approached him, saying "Old man where are you going." His reply was "I came out to help fight the rebels." He sized him up and then said "Why you have no ammunition to fight with that gun." "Oh yes" he said, and placing his hand upon his pocket said he had the bullets in there. The arrangement for the powder was a large cow horn with a cord tied at each end of it, and flung on his shoulder. This made him a peculiar looking soldier, and no doubt was quite an attraction. The colonel advised him to go over in the woods as it would not be so dangerous there. His reply was, "Well I suppose if you can stay here, I can too." But the colonel insisted on his going, which he finally did, and joined the 7th Wisconsin boys. He was a good marks- man and undoubtedly made his work count. Marker of the 14th Brooklyn, N. Y. Lost 227. John Burns' monument. Marker of the 95th N. Y. 150th Pennsylvania—Col. Langhorne Wister, Commanding,

Brought into action,' 397 ; lost 264. 149th Pennsylvania—Lieut. -Col. Walton Dwight. Commanding, Brought into action. 450; lost 336.

General Buford's monument on the left of the Chambersburg pike, erected and dedicated July 1st, 1895, surrounded with the four guns that opened the battle. The gun with brass plate on it is the gun that fired the opening shot. Two miles -west from the Buford statue is the advanced marker of the Union Cavalry.

Califf's Battery A, 2d U. S., Lost 12. 2d Maine Light Battery B—James A. Hall, Commanding, Lost 20. 143d Pennsylvania—Col. Edmund L. Dana, Commanding,

Brought into action, 465 ; lost 253.

12th Illinois Cavalry—Col. George H. Chapman, Commanding, Lost 20. 95th New York—Col. George H. Biddle, Commanding. Lost 115. 6th Wisconsin—Lieut.-Col. Rufus R. Dawes, Commanding, Lost 168. 14th Brooklyn or 84th New York—Col. Edward B. Fowler, Commanding, Brought into action, 356; lost 217. 3d Indiana Cavalry—Col. George H. Chapman, Commanding, Lost 32. (Were dismounted holding the Confederates in check.) 147th New York—Col. Francis C. Miller, Commanding, Brought into action, 380; lost 301.

56th Pennsylvania—Col. O. William Hofmann, Commanding, Brought into action, 252; lost 130.

(This is the Infantry Regiment that claims the opening of the battle.)

76th New York—Andrew J. Grover, Commanding, Brought into action, 348; lost 234. 3d West Virginia Cavalry—S. B. Conger. Commanding, Lost 4. 6th New York Cavalry—William E. Beardsley, Commanding, Lost 22. 9th New York Cavalry—Col. William Sackett, Commanding, Lost IX. 17th Pennsylvania—Col. J. H. Kellogg, Commanding, Lost 4. ooth Pennsylvania—Col. Peter Lyle, Commanding,

Brought into action, 208 ; lost 94. 12th Massachusetts—Col. James L. Bates, Commanding, Lost 119. 1HE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 57

88th Pennsylvania—Maj. Benezet F. Foust. Commanding, Brought into action, 296; lost no. 83d New York—Lieut. -Col. Joseph A. Moesch, Commanding, Lost 82. 97th New York—Col. Charles Weelock, Commanding, Lost 126. nth Pennsylvania—Col. Richard Coulter, Commanding, Brought into action, 292; lost 132. 107th Pennsylvania—Col. James MacThomson, Commanding,

Brought into action, 255 ; lost 165. 16th Maine—Col. Charles \Y. Fidler, Commanding. Brought into action, 25 officers and 250 men. They were sent to the extreme right of the First corps at the Mummasburg road, where they are marked with a tablet, and lust all their men but 43. Total number lost, 232. 94th New York—Col. Adrian R. Root, Commanding, Lost 245. 104th New York—Col. Gilbert G. Prey, Commanding, Lost 194. 13th Massachusetts—Col. Samuel H. Leonard, Commanding, Lost 185. The losses, killed, wounded and missing, of the First corps in the battle of Gettysburg were greater than any other of the corps engaged. Officers killed,

was 42 ; enlisted men. 552. Officers wounded, 257 ; enlisted men, 2,952. Captured or missing, officers, 82; enlisted men, 2,140. Total loss at Gettysburg was 6,025.

This completes the organizations that are marked as in action on the first day. Reaching the battle-field under the command of Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday. After the falling of General John F. Reynolds, Doubleday taking command of the field, placed Maj. Gen. John Newton in command of the First corps.

The next represented will be the Eleventh corps troops, the organizations as they were placed in action under the command of Maj. Gen. O. O. Howard. The first tablet, representing the 157th New York regiment, is a marker erected by the survivors of the regiment themselves. Their state monument will be seen near •the Carlisle road. Their loss in action was 307. 45th New York—Col. George Von Amsberg, Commanding,

Brought into action, 375 ; Ipst 210. 74th Pennsylvania—Col. Adolph Von Hartung, Commanding,

Brought into action, 381 ; lost 102.

6tst Ohio—Col. Stephen J. McGroarty, Commanding, Brought into action, 309; lost 54. 1st Ohio Light Battery 1 —Capt. Hubert Dilger, Commanding, Lost 13. 13th New York Battery—Lieut. William Wheeler, Commanding, Lost n. 82d Illinois—Lieut. Col. Edward S. Solomon, Commanding, Lost 112. 157th New York—Col. Philip P. Brown, Jr.. Commanding,' Lost 307. 119th New York—Col. John T. Lockman, Commanding, Brought into action, 300; lost 140. 82d Ohio—Col. James S. Robinson, Commanding, Brought into action, 258; lost 181. 75th Pennsylvania—Col. Francis Marler, Commanding, Brought into action, 258; lost in. 26th Wisconsin—Lieut. Col. Hans Boebel, Commanding, Brought into action, 516; lost 217. 58th New York—Lieut. Col. August Otto, Commanding, Lost 20. 107th Ohio—Col. Seraphim Meyer, Commanding, Brought into action, 480; lost 211, 58 THE BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

25th Ohio—Lieut. Col. Jeremiah Williams, Commanding, Brought into action, 220; lost 183. 75th Ohio—Col. Andrew L. Harris, Commanding, Brought into action, 269; lost 186. 17th Connecticut—Lieut. Col. Douglas Fowler, Commanding, Lost 197. 4th United States Battery G—Lieut. Bayard Wilkeson, Commanding, Lost 17. 153d Pennsylvania—Major John Frueauff, Commanding, Brought into action, 569; lost 21 1. 27th Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. Lorentz Cantador, Commanding, Lost III. 154th New York—Lieut. Col. D. B. Allen, Commanding, Lost 200. 1st Ohio—Light Battery K—Capt Lewis Heckman, Commanding, Lost 15. This completes the organizations in action on the first day, of the Eleventh corps, commanded by Major General Oliver O. Howard, composed of three divisions. Their losses at Gettysburg were: Officers killed, 33; enlisted men, 335; officers wounded, 120; enlisted men, 1,802; officers captured or missing, 62; en-» listed men, 1,449. Their total loss at Gettysburg, 3,801. The one hundred and fifty-fourth N. Y. Regiment had captured in the retreat from the east end of Gettysburg to Cemetery Hill, 178 men. Amos Humiston, an Orderly Sergeant in the one hundred and fifty-fourth New York Regiment, was mortally wounded and died on the field and was found after the battle was over, and in his hand was an ambrotype picture of three children upon whose faces his last look had been fixed, and on which his sightless eyes were still directed. He was buried without being identified, but copies of the picture were made and widely circulated through the North, one of which reached Cattaraugus county, N. Y., where the faces were recognized as the children of Amos Humiston. This man was a typical American soldier. In battle daring and brave, in death tender and true. During the interval between the death of General Reynolds and the arrival of General Hancock, on the afternoon of July 1st, all the troops on the field of battle were commanded by General Howard, General Schurz taking command of the Eleventh Corps, and General Schimmelfennig, of the Third division. Next in order will be the organizations as marked with monuments and tablets on second and third days, describing where each monument can be found that cannot be seen on the drives along the main avenues. The first given will be those along the Taneytown road, scattered as much as three miles southward, requiring a separate drive ; but few of them can be seen from the main driveways. The first one stands where the Emmittsburg and Taneytown roads come together south of town, the latter one being the left hand road from which those monuments can be found. The 55th Ohio is the first, commanded by Col. Charles B. commanding, brought Gambee, lost 49 ; next 73d Ohio, Lieut. Col. Richard Long, into action, 338 ; lost 145. 136th New York—Col. James Wood, Jr., Commanding, Lost 109. 3d New York Light Battery—Capt. William A. Horn, Commanding. 6th New York—Capt. Joseph W. Martin, Commanding, Lost I. On the same road is the. little old weatherboarded house used by General Meade, the Chief Commander of the Federal Army as his headquarters, until the cannon balls and shells began to pierce it, when he was obliged to abandon it, and move his headquarters to the woods south of it, known at that time as the Cazatt woods. Along the same road on the left hand side, in the yard near the NORTH

Position July Z\\d. about 3:30 p.rr^. NORTH

P**tti»rj Jwiy Zy\si. fcbeui 7:15 p.^. till After dark. NO RTH Position July SkI., 3.15 t*4.$0 p.m.

W/..3.C»cw»c^ by J I- Mumper.] I Photo 26THIEMERGENCY MONUMENT. JOHN BURNS' HOUSE IN CENTER BACKGROUND- BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 59 house, now floats the stars and stripes one hundred and fifty feet in the air, erected by the Loyal Legion Association, October 5th, 1893. Also near the building is marked the 93d New York on Provost Guard Duty, Col. John S. Croker, commanding. On the west side of the house is marked companies E and I of the 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Capt. James Star, commanding, and just a little farther west is marked with a monument, the 2d Pennsylvania Cavalry; lost 17. Further south on the road is marked' the 1st Ohio Cavalry, companies A and G, Capt. Noah Jones, commanding. 6th Ohio, Major William Stedman, commanding.

Williston's Battery D, 2d U. S. Artillery on the farm owned by Swisher at the time of the battle, and is now owned by Christopher Young. And by continuing on out the road you come to Russell's and Grant's brigades of the 6th Corps, due ea^t of the Big Round Top, guarding any flank movement on the Federal left at Big Round Top. Neill's brigade of the Sixth corps will be found on the Federal right. The 77th New York is marked on Powers' Hill guarding the headquarters of General Slocum, the other four regiments are marked on Wolf Hill, due east of Culp's Hill. Shaler's brigade of the 6th corps was sent to Culp's Hill in support of General Geary's division of the 12th corps. Bartlett's and Nevin's brigades will be found marked on the northern slope of Little Round Top, with their right resting near the Francis Althoff buildings, at the time of the battle owned by John T. Weikert. They assisted in checking the Confederates when trying to come through at that point on the evening of the second, after marching as they claim 36 miles that day. This will give the reader an idea of the positions of the Sixth corps, and the manner in which they were scattered on this battle-field, and perhaps will answer the question often asked me by tourists going ever this field. "Why General Meade did not use the Sixth corps and follow up Pickett's division on the third day in their retreat." Many have the idea that the Sixth corps did nothing in this battle, but that is a mistaken idea; the Sixth was marched almost to daath to get here, and was used on the right and left, and being scattered as they were, it was impossible for General Meade to have used them to any advantage on the third day. The 119th Pennsylvania stands nearest the Taneytown road, Col. Peter C. Ellmaker. Commanding. Lost 2. 6th Maine—Col. Hiram Burham, Commanding. 49th Pennsylvania, four companies—Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Hidings, Com- manding. 5th Wisconsin—Col. Thomas S. Allen, Commanding. Col. Lewis A. Grant's brigade has only one monument, with a large lion on

it. It represents these five regiments: 2>\ Vermont—Col. H. Walbridge, commanding. 3d " Col. Thomas O. Seaver, commanding. 4th " Col. Charles B. Stoughton, commanding. 5th " Lieut. Col. John R. Lewis, commanding 6th " Col. Elisha L. Barney, commanding. The los^e> of the Sixth corps was lc>s than any of the seven infantry corps at Gettysburg. Officers killed. 2; enlisted men, 25; officers wounded. 14; enlisted

men. 171 ; captured or missing, enlisted men, 30. Total loss at Gettysburg of the corps, 242. Not more than 10 of thtse Sixth corps monuments can be seen from the driveway, as tourists a.re taken "Ver the battle-field. Special drives are required to see them, as they are very much scattered. 60 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

The scattered monuments along the Emmittsburg road to the Third corps line, continued with the line of the Third corps monuments to the Peach Orchard, including those that can be seen at a distance on the right and left of the road, and a few markers that cannot be seen by turning at the Peach Orchard toward the Round Top. I refer to the 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry, known as the Lancers. Graham's battery K, ist United States, July 3d. Cavalry corps Second United States cavalry, reserve brigade, ist division cavalry corps, July 3d, 1863, ist

United States cavalry, reserve brigade ist division cavalry corps, July 3, 1863, detachments ist and 2d United States cavalry, reserve brigade, ist division cavalry corps, July 3d, 1863. Also the stone marker of the left of the 6th Pennsyl-

vania cavalry. The 6th Pennsylvania cavalry monument is the only one out the road beyond the Peach Orchard. The United States troops have no monuments and are marked with iron posts with boards on top. All those will be found two miles south of the Peach Orchard, some on the left and the others on the right of the Emmittsburg road. The 6th Pennsylvania cavalry, Maj. James H. Haseltine, commanding. Num-

ber engaged 365, killed 3, wounded 7, missing 2 ; total loss 12. I will now begin with the organizations as marked along the Emmittsburg

road to the Peach Orchard; thence to what is termed the Loop, Wheatfield, Devil's Den, and the Valley of Death. Then the line from the top of Big Round Top to Little Round Top, from thence along the main line established on the

night of the second, to what is known as the High-water Mark of the rebellion,

where it closed on the third day. Continuing from there to the cemetery, next Cemetery Heights, then Culp's Hill, including Power's Hill, where General Slo- cum, the commander of the right wing of the Federal Army, during the battle of Gettysburg had his headquarters, and last of all the monuments, marking the cavalry fight between General Gregg's Federal cavalry and General Stuart's cavalry of the Confederate army, which can be found four miles down the Hanover road, due east of Gettysburg.

The first tablet along the Emmittsburg road after leaving Gettysburg, going southward will be the tablet on the left hand side, marking two companies of the 4th Ohio regiment, sent down from the main line establishing an advanced

skirmish line, G and I. Next is a monument marking the 8th Ohio—Lieut. Col. Franklin Sawyer, commanding, Brought into action, 209; lost 102.

Next on the left of the road can be seen the monument marking where Col. Ward of the 15th Massachusetts regiment was killed on the skirmish line. Next at the left of the road, 106th Pennsylvania, near the Codori building, a marker of the 2d Rhode Island Volunteers on the right of the road, who skirmished at that point on July 4th. Next begins the Third corps line, commanded by General Sickles. The right of the second division commanded by Brig. Gen. Andrew A. Humphreys. 26th Pennsylvania—Maj. Robert L. Bodine, commanding. Brought into action, 385; lost 213. ist Massachusetts—Lieut. Col. Clark B. Baldwin, commanding, Lost 122. nth Massachusetts—Lieut. Col. Porter D. Tripp, commanding. Lost 129. Wisconsin sharpshooters company, G. Bentans, position held by the company 200 vards in advance of the monument. BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 01

3d United States, batteries F and K—Lieut. John G. Turnbull, commanding, Lost 24.

5th New Jersey—Col. William J. Sewell, commanding, Brought into action, 188; lost 94. 16th Massachusetts—Lieut. Col. Waldo Merriam, commanding, Lost 81. The small tablet on the avenue to the left marks the 3d brigade, 3d division, 2d corps, which was conducted by General Hancock at 7 p. m. July 2d, 1863, from near Zeigler's grove, to the rear of a bushy swale, along Plum Run. The 39th New York, commanded by Maj. Hugo Hildebrand, faced to left guard against a flank and rear attack. The 125th New Y«rk, commanded by Eliakim Sherrill in the centre, and the 111th New York, commanded by Col. C. D. MacDougal on the right, and charged the 13th, 17th and 18th Mississippi regiments of Barksdale brigade of Confederates, who had passed through Sickle's Third corps line to the swale, near Plum Run, where Barksdale was mortally wounded, fell in possession of the Union forces and died. His body was taken to the rear of the Second corps line and buried in the yard at Hummelbaugh's, near the Taneytown road, where he remained for a few days until the railroad was repaired, his body was then taken up and sent south to his people by a friend who was a school- mate of his at West Point, and was one of General Meade's staff officers in the battle of Gettysburg. General Barksdale had received a slight wound previous to this in the charge on the Third corps line near the Sherfy barn along the

Emmittsbnrg road, but remained in his saddle till he succeeded in passing through the Third corps line, almost reaching Hancock's Second corps line, where the Confederates were overpowered by the Second corps troops and were obliged to fall back. The artillery fire from the Confederates then became very severe, and the Third brigade of the Second corps fell back to the swale, where Col. George L. Willard was killed. After being relieved at dark the brigade returned to near its former position on Cemetery Ridge. 12th New Hampshire—Capt. John F. Langley, commanding. Brought into action, 224; lost 99. nth New Jersey—Col. Robert McAllister, commanding.

Brought into action, 275 ; lost 152. By looking due westward from this point can be seen in the woods on Seminary Ridge two monuments, [St U. S sharpshooters, Berdan's, companies A, B, D and H. had four New York companies in. one hundred in number, losing 19; also engaged at Peach Orchard, losing in all 49. 1st U. S. sharpshooters organized in

Vermont, present for duty 441 losing 5. Also a marker of 3d Maine Infantry, forenoon July 2d, 1863.

4th United States Battery—Lieut. Francis W. Seely, commanding, Lost 25. I20lh New York can be seen from this point along the avenue leading south to the left of this road. Also the Excelsior brigade monument, composed of five regiments. It will be better to see the monument which includes the five regiments, after you turn to the left at the Peach Orchard as it is nearer the Round Top road than the Emmittsbnrg road. It has five columns, and on the inside a place prepared for a bust of General Sickles. It is the Second brigade, Col, William R. Brewster, commanding, composed of six regiments. 120th New York— Lieut. Col. Cornelius D. Westbrook, commanding.

Brought into action, 427 ; lost 204.

70th New York—.Col. J. Egbert Farnum. commanding, Lost 117. 62 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

71st New York—Col. Henry L. Potter, commanding, Lost 91. 72d New York—Col. John S. Austin, commanding, Lost 116. 73d New York—Maj. Michael U. Burns, commanding, Lost 162. 74th New York—Lieut. Col. Thomas Holt, commanding, Lost 89, 105th Pennsylvania—Col. Calvin A. Craig, commanding, (Wildcat regiment) Brought into action, 274; lost 132. 57th Pennsylvania, 8 companies—Col. Peter Sides, commanding, Brought into action, 207; lost 115.

114th Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. Fred'k F. Cavada, commanding, Lost 95. 1st Rhode Island Light Artillery, Randolph's battery E, Lieut. John K. Bucklin, commanding, Lost 29. 63d Pennsylvania—Maj. John A. Danks, commanding,

Brought into action, 295 ; lost 34.

A tablet of 68th Pennsylvania, marking their advanced position at the southwest corner of the Peach Orchard. Two miles south of the Peach Orchard on left of the Emmittsburg road will be found the 6th Pennsylvania cavalry, called the Lancers. Also a little farther on may be found 1st, 2d and 5th U. S. Cavalry and Battery K. 1st U. S. Horse Artillery. In the Peach Orchard will be found the 2d New Hampshire, the 3d Maine infantry, and the 3d Michigan. 68th Pennsylvania—Col. Andrew H. Tippin, commanding, Lost 152. ?a New Hampshire—Col. Edward L. Baily. commanding. Brought into action, 354; lost 193. 3d Maine—Col. Moses B. Lakeman, commanding, Brought into action, 210; lost 122. 3d Michigan—Col. Byron R. Pierce, commanding, Brought into action, 286; lost 45.

1st New York Light Battery G—Capt. Nelson Ames, commanding. Lost 7. Pennsylvania Light Batteries C and F, Capt Tames Thompson, commanding, Lost 28. Hampton's Battery F, Pennsylvania Light Artillery.

On the left side of the road is the state monument of 68th Pennsylvania.

l4Tst Pennsylvania—Col. Henry J. Madill, commanding. Brought into action, 209; lost 149. 15th New York Light Battery—Captain Patrick Hart, commanding, Lost 16. 7th New Jersey—Col. Louis R. Francine, commanding, Lost 114.

Clark's battery B, rst New Jersey Light Artillery, Lost 20. The small tablet with a cross marks the advanced position of the 139th Penn- sylvania of the Sixth corps, which I will speak of later when I give the position of the state monument, which can be found due east of the Wheat field near the north slope of the Little Round Top. 10th New York Independent Battery Light Artillery, attached to 5th Mass. 5th Massachusetts Light Battery E—Capt. Charles A. Phillips, commanding, Lost 21. 9th Massachusetts Battery—Capt. John Bigelow, commanding. Lost 80 of their horses out of 88, and 28 men. Tourists must now leave the Round Top road and take the avenue that goes to the right. Coming next to what is termed the Loop, in history, and then the Wheatfield. In nearing the Loop on the left side of the avenue, is the tablet

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 63 erected by the survivors of the 140th Pennsylvania, and one hundred yards to the right is their state monument. 116th Pennsylvania— Maj. St. Clair A. Mulholland, commanding, Brought into action, 142; lost 37. 18th Massachusetts—Col. Joseph Hayes, commanding, Lost 27. 140th Pennsylvania—Col. Richard P. Roberts, commanding, Brought into action, 589; lost 241. 1 18th Pennsylvania— Lieut. Col. James Gwynn, commanding, (corn exchange) Brought into action, 332; lost 25. 1st Michigan—Col. Ira C. Abbott, commanding,

Brought into action, 261 ; lost 42. 22d Massachusetts—Lieut. Col. Thos. Sherwin, Jr., commanding, Lost 31. 2d Company Andrew sharpshooters, Massachusetts volunteers. —Col. G. L. Prescott, commanding, Brought into action, 227; lost 78.

: j the right is the monument marking the

r.ia — ..ie.it. Col. David M. Jones, commanding, Brought into action, 152; lost 53. 28th Massachusetts—Col. Rich'd Byrnes, commanding, Brought into action, 220; lost 101. 52c! New York—Lieut. Col. C. G. Frudenberg, commanding, Lost 38. 66th New York—Col. Orlando H. Morris, commanding, Lost 44.

Tourists .should see the other side of this monument, it contains a Union and a

Confederate soldier on a bronze plate. The Confederate is wounded in his left arm and is carrying it in a sling, and the Union soldier is giving him a drink from out of a canteen. 5th Michigan—Lieut. Col. John Pulford, commanding,

Brought into action, 283 ; lost 109. Irish brigade monument on the right, three regiments included 63d, 69th and 88th New York. 63d New York—Lieut. Col. Richard C. Bentley, commanding, Lost 23. 69th New York—Capt. Richard Moroney, commanding, Lost 25. SSth New York—Capt. Dennis F. Burke, commanding. Lost 28. This completes the regimental markers to the Wheatfield. The first one to left is the 57th New York—Lieut. Col. Alford B. Chapman, commanding,

Brought into action, 175 ; lost 34. The organization as marked on the right of avenue through the Wheatfield will be named first, in driving from the Peach Orchard toward Round Top, the monuments being scattered very much, but nearly all can be seen from the driveway. The first one to the right is the 8th New Jersey—Col. John Ramsay, commanding. Brought into action, 170; lost 47. A few hundred yards due south from this point in the woods, on the high ground known now as the YYible woods, at the time of battle was owned by the Rose family from Germantown. Philadelphia, can be seen from the avenue the four monuments marking Brooks' brigade of the Second corps, the Second Dela- ware, belonging to the same brigade can be seen on the north side of the Wheat- field, from the driveway passing through the Wheatfield. The brigade was com- 64 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

posed of four regiments, the 145th and 53d Pennsylvania, 64th New York, and 27th Connecticut. On the right in the woods 145th Pennsylvania—Col. Hiram L. Brown, commanding. Engaged 228; lost 90. 27th Connecticut . —Lieut. Col. Henry C. Mervin, commanding, Lost 37. 53d Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. Richard McMichael, commanding,

Brought into action, 135 ; lost 80.

64th New York—Col. Daniel G. Bingham, commanding, Lost 98. 115th Pennsylvania—Maj. John P. Dunne, commanding, Brought into action, 182; lost 24. 17th Maine—Lieut. Col. Charles B. Merrill, commanding, Brought into action, 350; lost 130. 62d Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. James C. Hull, commanding, Brought into action, 426; lost 175. 4th Michigan—Col. H. Jeffords, commanding,

Brought into action, 403 ; lost 165. This includes all on the right of avenue in the Wheatfteld. The next ones represented will be those on the left of avenue, including everything in the Wheat- field, even the two brigades of the Sixth corps that claim a march of 36 miles, which formed a line east of Plum Run and the Wheatfield. The Pennsylvania reserves that are marked in the Wheatfield, and the iron tablets marking the United States troops which can be found in the woods just after leaving the Wheatfield on the left hand side of the avenue leading towards the Devil's Den. The first one after passing the 57th New York on avenue in reaching Wheatfield is a small shaft, quite a distance to the left near the road leading from the Peach Orchard towards Round Top, erected in memory of Samuel Kosciwsko Zook, Brevet Major General U. S. Volunteers, who fell mortally wounded, leading

his command into the Wheatfield. Erected by Gen. Zook Post 11, G. A. R., of Norristown, Pa., July 25, 1882. 1st New York Light Battery D—Capt. Geo. B. Winslow, commanding, Lost 18.

2d Delaware—Col. William P. Baily, commanding, Lost 84. 27th Connecticut Volunteers—Lieut. Col. Henry C. Mervin, commanding,

« Brought into action, 75 ; lost 38. 61st New York—Lieut. Col. K. Oscar Broady, commanding, Lost 62. 81st Pennsylvania—Col. Amos Stroh, commanding,

Brought into action, 175 ; lost 62. 148th Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. Robert McFarlane, commanding, Brought into action, 468; lost 125. 2d Pennsylvania reserves, 31st infantry—Lieut. Col. George A. Woodward, commanding. Brought into action, 273; lost 37. 1st Pennsylvania reserves, 30th infantry—Col. William C. Talley, commanding. Brought into action, 444; lost 46. nth Pennsylvania reserves, 40th infantry—Col. Samuel M. Jackson, commanding. Brought into action, 392; lost 40. 6th Pennsvlvania reserves, 35th infantry— Lieut. Col. Wellington H. Ent, commanding. Brought into action, 380; lost 24. The next represented will be the two brigades of the Sixth corps who formed their line east of Plum Run, on the property owned by John T. Weikert at the BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 65 time of the battle, with their left resting on the northern slope of little Round Top. 3d Massachusetts light battery C—Lieut. Aaron F. Walcott, commanding, Lost 6. 139th Pennsylvania—Col. Frederick' H. Collier, commanding, Brought into action, 511; lost 20.

93d Pennsylvania—

62d New York—Col. David J. Nevin, commanding, charged the enemy and recaptured two guns, Lost 12 I02d Pennsylvania regiment, 103 reaching Gettysburg with supply train on morning of July 3d, the rest of regiment picketing roads from West- minster to Gettysburg, Col. John W. Patterson, commanding. 98th Pennsylvania—Maj. John B. Kohler, commanding, Lost II. 96th Pennsylvania—Maj. William H. Lessig, commanding, Lost I 95th Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. Edward Carroll, commanding, Lost 2. 2d U. S. Infantry, 5th corps—Maj. Arthur T. Lee, commanding, Lost 67. 7th U. S. infantry, 5th corps—Capt. David P. Hancock, commanding, Lost 59. 13th Pennsylvania reserves, 1st rifles, 43d infantry—Col. Charles F. Taylor,

commanding, Brought into action, 349 ; lost 48. 3d U. S. infantry, 5th corps—Capt. Henry W. Freedley, commanding, Lost 73.

4th U. S. infantry, 5th corps—Capt. Julius W. Adams, commanding, Lost 40. 6th U. S. infantry, 5th corps—Capt. Levi C. Bootes, commanding, Lost 44. 12th U. S. infantry, 5th corps—Capt. Thomas S. Dunn, commanding, Lost 92. 14th U. S. infantry, 5th corps—Maj. Grotius R. Giddings, commanding, Lost 132.

17th U. S. infantry, 5th corps—Lieut. Col. J. Durell Greene, commanding, Brought into action, 265; lost 150. nth U. S. infantry, 5th corps—Maj. DeLancey Floyd Jones,, commanding,

Brought into action, 261 ; lost 120. 10th U. S. infantry, 5th corps—Capt. William Clinton, commanding, Lost 51. Sth New Hampshire—Col. Edward E. Cross, commanding, fell mortally wounded on- this spot, July 2d, 1863. Brought into action, 182; lost 81. 20th Indiana—Col. John Weeler, commanding, killed nearby. Lost 156. On left of avenue, a small tablet marking the left of Caldwell's division of Second corps. 86th New York—Lieut. Col. Benjamin L. Higgins, commanding, Lost 66. 124th New York—Col. A. Van Home Ellis, commanding, Brought into action, 238; lost 92. 99th Pennsylvania—Maj. John W. Moore, commanding, Brought into action, 339; lost no. 4th New York Independent Light Battery—Capt. James E. Smith, com-

manding, Lost 13,, 4th Maine—Col. Elija Walker, commanding, Lost 116. 40th New York—Col. Thomas W. Egan, commanding, Lost 150. 66 BATTLE OF GETTYSBJRG.

6th New Jersey—Lieut. Col. Stephen R. Gilkyson, commanding, Lost 41. A small white tablet a few hundred yards further north, up the Valley of Death, marks the spot where Col. Fred. Taylor fell, commanding 13th Pennsyl- vania reserves. This includes every marker from Gettysburg along the Em-

mittsburg road, right and left, to Peach Orchard ; from thence to Loop, Wheat- field, Devil's Den, Valley of Death, between the Den and Little Round Top.

Before starting on the main line from highest point of Big Round Top, I will represent the scattered organizations that can be found south and west of Big Round Top. On the farm owned by John Slyder at the time of the battle, along a private road that leads from the buildings to the Emmittsburg road, can be found the marker of Company D, Maine volunteers, 2d U. S. sharpshooters, Maj.

Homer R. Stoughton. commanding, July 2d, killed 1, wounded 5, missing 5, total loss 11. Near the house companies E and H, 2d U. S. sharpshooters, a large hornets nest represented on the monument. I would suppose from this that they got among the hornets by going over there. They had 48 engaged, wounded

9, missing 6, total loss 15. 1st Vermont, Lieut. Col. Addison W. Preston, commanding, of Third division cavalry corps can be found south-west of Big Round Top, near the Confederate avenue on the left hand side. This regiment fought Stuart's cavalry at Hanover, Pa., June 30th, at Hunterstown, July 2d, July 3d, led

by General Elon J. Farnsworth, who fell near this spot, charged through the 1st Texas infantry and to the line of Law's brigade, receiving the fire of five Confed- erate regiments and two batteries, losing 67 men. 18th Pennsylvania cavalry, Lieut. Col. William P. Brinton, commanding, in the Farnsworth charge south west of Big Round Top, went into action with 599, losing 2 killed, 4 wounded and 8 missing, total loss 14. 5th New York cavalry under command of Maj. John Hammond, here supported battery E, 4th U. S. horse artillery, Lieut. Samuel S. Elder, commanding, losing 6 men. June 30th met Stuart's cavalry in Hanover, Pa., in a hand to hand conflict, capturing Lieut. Col. Paine and 75 of his men, with a loss of 26 men killed and wounded. On July 2d another engagement with Stuart's cavalry at Hunterstown on July 3d. to this position in support 'of Elder's battery E, 4th U. S. artillery. Both can be found due south of Big Round Top. Monuments on the Big Round Top and along the main line to the cemetery called Sedgwick, Sykes and Hancock avenues. From the highest point of the

Big Round Top to the northern base of it, the first seven named can be found. 12th Pennsylvania reserves. 41st infantry, Col. Martin D. Hardman, commanding, Brought into action, 310; lost I. 5th Pennsylvania reserves, 34th infantry—Lieut Col. George Dare, commanding. Brought into action, 334; lost 2. 20th Maine—Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain, commanding. Brought into action, 358; lost 132. 119th Pennsylvania—Col. Peter C. Ellmaker; commanding. Brought into action, 206; lost 2. 118th Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. James Gwynn, commanding. (Their second marker) Lost 25.

The 1 1 8th State monument at the Loop in the Wheatfield, not far from the Wible building. 9th Massachusetts—Col. Patrick R. Guiney, commanding. Lost 7.

10th Pennsylvania reserves—Col. Adoniram J. Warner, commanding. BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 6j

Engaged 420; lost 5. 9th Pennsylvania reserves or 38th infantry—Lieut. Col. James McK. Snod- grass, commanding. On the left a small tablet marking the 38th infantry or 9th reserves. Lost 5. A small monument on the right marking the 20th Maine regiment, where they met the enemy preventing them from getting up on Little Round Top, July 2d, 1863.

83d Pennsylvania—Capt. Orpheus S. Woodward commanding, Brought into action 308; lost 55. On the left of avenue on a boulder is a white tablet, marking the spot where General Vincent was wounded by a Confederate sharpshooter, and carried to Lewis Bushman's, east of Round Top. and died on the 7th. 44th New York—Col. James C. Rice, commanding. Brought into action, 313; lost 106. 16th Michigan—Lieut. Col. Norval E. Welch, commanding. Brought into action, 356; lost 60.

Michigan sharpshooters, companies C. I. R and B. Lost 15- 140th New York—Col. Patrick O'Rorke. commanding.

Brought into action 526 ; lost 133. 91st Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. Joseph H. Sinex. commanding.

Brought into action 258 ; lost 19.

Battery D, 5th U. S. Artillery. Lost 13- Bronze statue of General Warren, 8 feet 2 inches high, on boulder from which he discovered Longstreet's right moving to get Round Top. 146th New York—Col. Kenner Garrard, commanding. Lost 28. 155th Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. John H. Cain, commanding, Lost 19. Battery L, '1st Ohio Light Artillery. Lost 2. 98th Pennsylvania, second marker, state monument can be found near the Althoof house, five hundred yards north west from this one. 121st New York—Col. Emory Upton, commanding. Lost 2. A star, the corps badge of the Twelfth corps, a marker for the 147th Pennsyl- vania regiment; their other marker can be found at Culp's Hill. 5th Maine—Col. Clark S. Edwards, commanding.

2d Rhode Island—Col. Horatio Rogers, Jr., commanding, Lost 7. 7th Massachusetts— Lieut. Col. Franklin P. Harlow, commanding, Lost 6. Clump of trees on the right marking the headquarters of Sedgwick and Sykes. 1st Massachusetts cavalry—Lieut. Col. Greely S. Curtis, commanding. 1st New York light battery C.—Capt. Almont Barnes, commanding, Lost 12. The second marker of the 93d Pennsylvania. Their state monument can be found five hundred yards west from this one on the Althoof property, near Plum Run.

10th Massachusetts—Lieut. Col. Joseph B. Parson, commanding, Lost 9. 37th Massachusetts—Col. Oliver Edwards, commanding, Lost 47- Marker 5th Corps headquarters. Marker Candy's Brig., 12th Corps. On the right is the large New Jersey brigade monument, five regiments included in the one monument. 1st, 2d. 3d, 4th and 15th New Jersey. Total loss of the brigade at Gettysburg, 11. :

68 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

Second marker of the 9th Massachusetts battery near the Abraham Trostle house, where General Sickels was wounded, which caused the loss of his leg. Also a marker of the 150th and 39th New York regiments. Their large monuments can be found at Culp's Hill, which was their original position. They had been sent to this point in support of the Third corps troops, on the evening of the 2d of July, the 39th New York recapturing the guns of battery I, 5th United States artillery, and equipments. Battery G, Ames' 1st New York, second position. Their large monument in the Peach Orchard. The organizations marked along the Hancock avenue coming from Round Top toward Gettysburg, or rather to the cemetery 6th Maine battery F—Lieut. Edwin B. Dow, commanding, Lost 13. 4th Pennsylvania Cavalry—Lieut. Col. W. E. Doster, commanding, Lost I. 2d Connecticut light battery— Capt. John W. Sterling, commanding, Lost 5. 90th Pennsylvania's second marker. Their large monument can be found on the right of First corps, near the Mummasburg road on the first day's fight. Also the 88th Pennsylvania and the 12th Massachusetts. 1st Minnesota, 2d company Minnesota sharpshooters attached. This is the state monument. Its cost is said to be $20,000. The regimental monument stands a little distance north from this point. They lost eighty odd per cent, of their men. Second marker of Pennsylvania light battery C and F. Large monument in Peach Orchard. Also Hampton's battery F, Pennsylvania light artillery. Hexamer's New Jersey light ist battery—Lieut. Augustin N. Parsons, com-

manding, Lost 9. 4th United States battery C— Lieut. Evan Thomas, commanding, Lost 18.

9th Michigan battery I, ist artillery—Captain Jabez J. Danniels, com-

manding. Lost 5- A marker of 17th Maine. Large monument in Wheatfield. This one marks the position before they went to the Wheatfield. ist New Hampshire, companies E, F, and G, sharpshooters. A marker of the 125th New York infantry—Col. G. D. Williard, commanding. Tablet to the left of avenue, in the bushes near" Plum Run, where he was killed, on the evening of July 2d, 1863, leading in a charge the 3d brigade, 3d division, 2d corps, 16th Vermont infantry. A few hundred yards to the right of avenue is marked the 15th and 50th New York Engineers' Headquarters A. P. 8th Pennsylvania cavalry—Capt. William A. Corrie, commanding. 4th New York Cavalry—Lieut. Col. Augustus Pruyn, commanding. 2d New York Cavalry—Lieut. Col. Otto Harhaus, commanding. Marker 124th New York. Second position. 84th Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. Milton Opp, commanding. Guarding corps trains, and not engaged in battle.

Tablet on the left marks where General Hancock was wounded, July 3, 1863. Vermont state monument marks position of Stannard's Vermont brigade, 13th Vermont, brought into action 480; lost 102. 14th Vermont, lost 95. 16th Vermont, lost 119.

Total loss of Third brigade. Lost 316. 143 Pennsylvania second marker. Large monument on the first day's fight. Also the 149th Pennsylvania second marker. Their state monument on the first day's fight. JENNIE WADE the oiriy citizen of Gettysburg killed during the battle, a young lady twenty years of age, was struck by a sharpshooter's bullet in a little brick house on Baltimore street, near the National Cemetery. She, with her mother, was taking care of her sister, Mrs. McClellan, who occupied the front room with her child, which was three days old when the battle began. It was on account of the condition of this sister that they were compelled to remain in the house; nearly all the citizens of Gettysburg were in cellars. On the morning of the last day of the battle she was in the back room working in dough, preparing to bake and was instantly killed by a bullet that had passed through two doors before striking her. The house has not been changed and shows the marks of several hundred bullets. It is now a war musbum, and attracts thousands of tourists each year to hear the story of jennik wade's death, and to see the old battle- marked house and the complete collection of battlefield relics which are exhibited here. Souvenirs of all kinds can be bought in the room where jbnnib wade was killed. Any information rela- tive to this house or the Gettysburg Battlefield will be cheerfully furnished by addressing THE JENNIE WADE HOUSE, Gettysburg, Pa,

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 69

5th United States battery C—Lieut. Julian V. Weir, commanding, Lost 16. 826 New York infantry 2d militia—Lieut. Col. James Hustin, commanding. Lost 192.

1st Minnesota—Col. William Colville, Jr., commanming. Brought into action 330; loss 232. 1st New York light battery B— Lieut. Albert S. Sheldon, commanding. 14th New York battery attached. Lost 26. 150th Pennsylvania bucktails, their second marker. 121 st Pennsylvania regiment, their second marker. 15th Massachusetts—Col. George H. Ward, commanding. Lost 148. The position of this regiment in line of battle is marked by its monument two hundred and thirty-five yards due south. It charged up to this point and attacked Picketts' division in flank as his troops were coming over the Stone Wall. This description is found on Iron Tablet at High Water Mark. 19th Maine—Col. Francis E. Heath, commanding.

Brought into action 405 ; lost 206.

20th Massachusetts—Col. Paul J. Revere, commanding, Lost 127. The position of this regiment was one hundred and twenty-five yards south

southwest, which is represented by its monument. When Picketts' division pierced the Union line, regiment retired by its right flank, faced left, and rushed up to this copse of trees and attacked Picketts' troops then coming over the wall. This description can be found on Iron Tablet at High Water Mark. 19th Massachusetts—Col. Arthur F. Devereux, commanding. Lost y7. The position of this regiment in line of battle was one hundred and nineteen yards south, southeast and is represented by its monument. ioth Massachusetts and 42nd New York regiments were the first troops to attack Pickett's division in flank. "Passing at this time, Col. Devereux, commanding the 19th Massachu- setts Volunteers, anxious to be in the right place, applied to me for permission to move his regiment to the right and to the front, where the line had been broken."

— Hancock's Official Report. This description is found on Iron Tablet at High Water Mark.

7th Michigan—Lieut. Col. Amos E. Steele, Jr., commanding.

Engaged 165 ; lost 65. 59th New York—Lieut. Col Max A. Thoman, commanding, Lost 34. 42nd New York Tammany—Col. James E. Mallon, commanding, Lost 74. 1st Rhode Island light battery B—Lieut. F. Fred Brown, commanding, Lost 28.

1st New York light battery—Capt. Andrew Cowan, commanding, Lost 12. The large bronze book representing the high-water mark of the rebellion.

The left leaf has the assaulting columns represented upon it, and the right leaf the repulsing columns. 106th Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. William L. Curry, commanding.

Brought into action 335 ; lost 64. 69th Pennsylvania—Col. Dennis O. Kane, commanding. Brought into action 258; lost 137. 1st Pennsylvania cavalry—Col. John P. Taylor, commanding. Brought into action 418; lost 95. 4th United States battery A—Lieut. Alonzo H. dishing, commanding. Lost 38. yO BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

72d Pennsylvania—Col. DeWitt C. Baxter, commanding. Brought into action 458; lost 197. 71st Pennsylvania—Col. Richard Penn Smith, commanding.

Brought into action 331 ; lost 98. 99th Pennsylvania—Major John W. Moore, commanding. Brought into action 339, lost no. 1st Rhode Island Light Battery A—Capt. William A. Ames, commanding. — Lost 28. 1st Andrew Sharpshooters ''In God we trust, but keep our powder dry." Battery K 1st New York light artillery—Capt. Robert H. Fitzhugh, com-

manding, nth New York battery attached. Lost 7. 14th Connecticut—Maj. Theo. G. Ellis, commanding. Brought into action 160; lost 62. To the right is the monument representing General George Gordon Meade, erected by the State of Pennsylvania. Its cost is said to be thirty-five thousand dollars. 10th New York—Mai. Geo. F. Hopper, commanding. Lost 6. 39th New York—Maj. Hugo Hildebrandt, commanding. Lost 95. 1st Delaware—Lieut. Col. Edward P. Harris, commanding. Lost 77. 125th New York—Lieut. Col. Levin Crandell, commanding. Brought into action 500; lost 139. 12th New Jersey—Maj. John T. Hill, commanding. Lost 115.

1 nth New York—Col. Clinton D. MacDougall, commanding.

Brought into action 390 ; lost 249. Sth United States Battery F—Lieut. Leonard Martin, commanding. The second marker of the 9th Massachusetts Battery. 108th New York—Lieut. Col. Francis E. Pierce, commanding. Engaged 200; lost 102.

Battery I, 1st U. S. artillery. Lost 25. 2nd United States Battery G—Lieut. John H. Butler, commanding. 126th New York—Col. Eliakim Sherrill. commanding.

Brought into action 455 ; lost 231. 90th Pennsylvania, second monument. 88th Pennsylvania, second monument. Hall's 2d Maine Batteries, second position. Their first positions are marked with a monument on the first day. IN NATIONAL CEMETERY. 1st Massachusetts light battery A—Capt. William H. McCartney, commanding. 1st Ohio Light Artillery, Huntington Battery. Lost 7- West Virginia light battery C—Capt. W. Hill, commanding. Lost 4. 1st United States Battery H—Lieut. Chandler P. Eaken, commanding. Lost 10.

The national monument with liberty on the top, and its four figures on the corners representing War, History, Peace, and Plenty, stands where Abraham Lincoln said "Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth upon this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any other nation so conceived, and so dedicated, can long

endure. We are met on a great battle-field of the war ; we are met to dedicate a —

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. J I portion of it as the final resting place of those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this, but in a larger sense we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here have conse- crated it far above our power to add or detract. The world will little note nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work that they have thus far nobly carried on. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain ; that this nation under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth." Lincoln, Nov 19th, 1863.

It is said that after the delivery of this, Mr. Everett said : "Ah ! Mr. President, I would gladly give all my forty pages for your twenty lines." The writer was present on this occasion. Battery C, 4th U. S. artillery—Capt. Evan Thomas, commanding. Lost 18. The New York State monument erected in honor of their dead, is ninety-two

feet high, and its cost is said to be eighty-two thousand dollars. 5th New York Light Battery—Capt. Elijah D. Taft, commanding. Lost 3« 1st Ohio Light Battery I—Capt. H. Dilger, commanding, Lost 13. The monument erected to the memory of Major General John F. Reynolds, who had command of the left wing of the First, Third and Eleventh corps, on the 1st of July, 1863, and fell shortly after the opening of the battle. 75th Pennsylvania, second position. The state monument on the Howard avenue, north of Gettysburg. This includes all the monuments on the Hancock avenue and National cemetery. Next represented will be the organizations marked on east Cemetery Hill, then Culp's Hill to Spangler's Springs, to Powers' Kill, the extreme right of infantry

line, including Neill's brigade of the 6th corps that is marked on Wolf Hill, and the cavalry fight on the Rummel -farm, four miles east of Gettysburg, down the Hanover road.

MONUMENTS ON EAST CEMETERY HILL.

4th U. S. Battery B—Lieutenant J. Stewart, commanding, Lost 36. 73d Pennsylvania—Capt. D. F. Kelly, commanding, Brought into action 324; lost ill. 27th Pennsylvania— Lieut. Col. Lorentz Cantator. commanding, Brought into action 324; lost ill. 106th Pennsylvania, third marker. 134th New York—Lieut. Col. Allan H. Jackson, commanding, Lost 252. 73rd Pennsylvania—Capt. D. F. Kelly, commanding,

Brought into action 332 ; lost 34.

1st New York Light Battery I —Capt. Michael Weidrich, commanding, Lost 13. 7th Virginia—Lieut. Col. Jonathan H. Lockwood, commanding. Lost 47.

1 st Pennsylvania Light Batteries F and G—Capt. R. Bruce Rickets, commanding, Engaged 114; lost 12. 72 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

ist Pennsylvania Battery B, Light Artillery—Capt. James H. Cooper, commanding, Engaged 114; lost 12. 14th Indiana—Col. John Coons, commanding, Lost 31. Large monument with bronze statue on horseback represents Major General Winfield S. Hancock. 4th Ohio—Lieut. Col. Franklin Sawyer, commanding, Lost 31. ist New York Light Battery L and E attached, Lost 17. 25th and 75th Ohio monument, their position July 2d and 3d. 17th Connecticut, their position July 2d and 3d. 54th New York— Mai. Stephen Kovacs, commanding. Lost 102 68th New York—Col. Gotthilf Bourry, commanding, Lost 138 153d Pennsylvania, their position July 2d and 3d. Brought into action 569, lost 211 41st New York—Col. Detleo Von Einsiedel, commanding, Lost 75 33d Massachusetts—Col. Adin B. Underwood, commanding, Lost 44, 5th Maine Battery E—Capt. Greenleaf T. Stevens, commanding. Marker near Theological Seminary. First day. Lost 22 7th Indiana—Col. Ira G. Grover, commanding, Lost 10. Along the earthworks to this the highest point on Culp's Hill, is the small tablets marking the position of Wadsworth's division, July 2d and 3d. They are joined on the right with the 12th corps. Pennsylvania Light Battery E—Lieut. Col. Charles Atwell, commanding, Lost 3. 66th Ohio—Lieut. Col. Eugene Powell, commanding. Lost 18. 60th New York—Col. Abel Godard, commanding, Lost 52. ist regiment Eastern Shore, Maryland—Col. James Wallace, commanding,

ing. Engaged, 583 ; lost 25. 150th New York—Col. John H. Ketcham, commanding, Lost 45. 28th Pennsylvania—Capt. John Flynn, commanding,

Brought into action, 303 ; lost 28. I02d and 78th New York—The 78th Lieut. Col. Herbert Von Hammerstein, commanding, Lost 30. I02d New York—Col. James C. Lane, commanding, Lost 29. 147th New York, their second monument, their other out near the railroad cut, on the first day. 65th New York—Col. Joseph E. Hamblin, commanding, Lost 9. I22d New York—Col. Silas Titus, commanding, Lost 44. 149th New York—Col. Henry A. Barnum, commanding, Lost 55. 82d Pennsylvania—Col. Isaac C. Bassett, commanding. Lost 6. 67th New York—Col. Nelson Cross, commanding, Lost 1. 29th Ohio—Capt. Wilbur F. Stevens, commanding, Brought into action, 332; lost 38. 23d Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. John F. Glenn, commanding, Lost 31. 137th New York—Col. David Ireland, commanding, Lost I37« 7th Ohio—Col. William R. Creighton, commanding, Lost 18. 29th Pennsylvania—Col. William Rickards, Jr., commanding, Lost 66. 5th Ohio—Col. John H. Patrick, commanding, Brought into action, 315; lost 18. BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 73

147th Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. Ario Pardee, Jr., commanding, Brought into action, 298; lost 20. 109th Pennsylvania—Capt. F. L. Gimber, commanding, Brought into action, 149; lost 10. 1 nth Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. Thomas M. Walker, commanding, Brought into action, 259; lost 23. 29th Pennsylvania—State monument. Brought into action, 485; lost 66.

2d Maryland Confederate monument—Lieut. Col. J. R. Herbert, commanding, 400 strength; lost 192. 123d New York—Lieut. Col. James C. Rogers, commanding, Lost 14. 20th Connecticut—Lieut. Col. William B. Wooster, commanding, Lost 28. 3d Maryland—Col. Joseph F. Sudsburg, commanding, Lost 8.

5th Connecticut—Col. Warren W. Packer, commanding, Lost 7. 145th New York—Col. E. Livingston Price,, commanding, Lost 10. 46th Pennsylvania—Col. James L. Selfridge, commanding, Brought into action, 262; lost 13. 1st Maryland Potomac Home Brigade— Col. William P. Maulsby, commanding. Effective strength, 739; lost 104. 107th New York—Col. Nirom M. Crane, commanding. Lost 2.

The Spangler Springs, where it is said both Union and Confederates went to get water on the night of 2d of July, 1863. 2d Massachusetts—Lieut. Col. Charles R. Mudge, commanding. Brought into action, 316; lost 135. 27th Indiana—Col. Silas Colgrove, commanding. Brought into action, 339; lost Hi. 3d Wisconsin—Col. William Hawley, commanding. Lost 10. 13th New Jersey—Col. Ezra A. Carman, commanding, Lost 21.

2 1 st Pennsylvania Cavalry, near the spot that the monument now stands, on the 26th of June, 1S63. fell Private Geo. W. Sandoe, the first soldier killed at Gettys- burg. 1st New York Light Battery M—Charles E. Winegar, commanding, can be found on what is known as Powers' Hill, on the south side of the Baltimore

pike going eastward. At the time of the battle it was owned by George Spangler,

Mr. Powers only had it leased to quarry from, and during the 2d and 3d of July was used by General Slocum. who had command of the right wing of the army, as his headquarters. Also several guns of Battery E, Knapp's Light Artillery, and Battery A, 1st Maryland Light Artillery, Capt. James H. Rigsby. commanding; the 77th New York Infantry of Neill's Brigade of the Sixth corps. The other four regiments of the same brigade can be found on Wolf Hill, guarding any coming around on the extreme right. The 49th New York—Col. Daniel D. Bidwell, command-

Lieut. Col. Selden Conner, commanding ; ing ; 7th Maine— 43d New York^ Lieut. John Wilson, commanding; 61st Pennsylvania—Lieut. Col. George F.

Smith, commanding; the 33d New York (detached) —Capt. Henry J. Gifford,

commanding ; 4th New Jersey Volunteers, train and provost guard ; 2d United States Batteries B and L—Lieut. Edward Heaton, commanding; 10th Maine Provost guards—Capt. John D. Beardsley. commanding. This completes all the markers on the Infantry avenues the right of Federal lines. 74 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

10SSES BY CORPS AT GETTYSBURG. First Corps 6,025 Second Corps 4,359 Third Corps 4,213 Fifth Corps 2,187 Sixth Corps 242 Eleventh Corps 3,801 Twelfth Corps 1,082 Cavalry Corps 852 Artillery Reserve 242

Total Army of the Potomac 23,003

FEDERAL LOSSES.

Army of the Potomac at Gettysburg, killed wounded and missing: Killed 3J55

Wounded • 14,523 Missing 5,325

Total loss 23,003

GENERALS KILLED.

Reynolds, Weed. Zook. Vincent and Farnsworth. ARTILLERY IN THE ARMY OF THE POTOMAC, BRIG.

GEN. H. J. HUNT, U. S. ARMY COMMANDING,

JUNE 30, 1S63.

Present for Duty Guns- Equipped

Ritied- Smooth Bore COMMAND

First Army Corps 5 21 Second Army Corps 4 Third Army Corps 5 Fifth Army '"orps 5 Sixth Army Corps 8 Eleventh Army ' 'orps 5 Twelfth Army Corps 4 Cavalry Corps* 10 Artillery Reserve* 23

Total 69 ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA, IN THE GETTYSBURG CAMPAIGN FROM JUNE 26th TO JULY 5th 1862.

Headquarters Army of Northern Virginia, with Hood's division, Longstreet's Corps, crossed the Potomac at Williamsport, Md., and marched to Greencastle, Pa. McLaw's division crossed the river and encamped near Williamsport. Pickett's Division, with the reserve artillery, marched through Hagerstown to Greencastle. Rode's and Johnson's Division, Ewell's Corps, with Jenkins' Cav- alry Brigade, were on the road from Chambersburg to Carlisle, Pa. Early's Division, with French's Cavalry regiment marched from Greenwood via Cash- town to Mummasburg, and his cavalry advance had a skirmish with the 26th Pennsylvania Infantry. Gordon's Brigade passed through Gettysburg, halting a short time in the town. Anderson's Division of Hill's Corps, marched from Hagerstown and encamped two miles north of Greencastle. Hampton's, Cham- bliss's and Fitz Lee's Brigades of Stuart's Cavalry, marched from Buckland via Brentsville to near Wolf Run Shoals, on the Occoquam river, Va. June 27.—Headquarters of the Army moved from Greencastle to Chambers- burg, Pa. Rodes's and Johnson's Division, Ewell's Corps, arrived at Carlisle. Early's Division moved from Mummasburg, via Hunterstown, New Chester and Hampton to Berlin. Gordon's Brigade reached York. McLaw's Division, Longstreet's Corps, marched from Williamsport via Hagerstown, Middleburg and Greencastle to camp, five miles south of Chambersburg. Hood's Division reached that town, and Pickett's Division moved on three miles further north. Anderson's Division, Hill's Corps, marched by Chambersburg to Fayettville, Pa. Heth's and Pender's Division to the same place by other routes. Hampton's, Chambliss's and Fitz Lee's Brigades of Stuart's Cavalry marched from Wolf Run Shoals, on Occoquam river via Fairfax Station, Annandale and Dranes- ville, Va., and crossed the Potomac into Maryland, below Seneca Creek. Rob- ertson's and Jones's Brigades were left in Virginia to guard the passes of the Blue Ridge. June 28.—Rodes's and Johnson's Division, Ewell's Corps, were at Carlisle. Jenkins' Cavalry Brigade was sent to reconnoiter the defenses of Harrisburg. Early's Division marched from Berlin by way of Weiglestown to York. Gor- don's Brigade moved on through York to Wrightsville, on the Susquehanna river. Heth's, Pender's and Anderson's Divisions, Hill's Corps, were in camp at Fayetteville. Hood's, McLaw's and Pitckett's Divisions, Longstreet's Corps, at or near Chambersburg Hampton's. Chambliss's and Fitz Lee's Brigades of Stuart's Cavalry, moved via Darnestown and Rockville to Brookeville, Md. June 29. —Heth's Division, Hill's Corps, moved from Fayetteville to Cash- town, Pender's and Anderson's Divisions remaining at Fayetteville. John- son's Division, Ewell's Corps, countermarched from Carlisle to Greenville, Pa.; Rodes's Division remained at Carlisle and Early's Division at York and Wrights- ville. Hood's, McLaw's and Pickett's Divisions, Longstreet's Corps, remained in position near Chambersburg Stuart's three brigades of Cavalry marched through Cooksville, Sykesville and Westminster, Md., to Union Mills, Pa. ITINERARY OF THETH ARMY OF NORTHERN VIRGINIA. 77

June 30.—Heth's Division. Hill's Corps, at Cashtown. Pettigrew's Brigade marched nearly to Gettysburg but was recalled. Pender's Division moved from Fayetteville to Cashtown. Anderson's Division remained at Fayetteville. Rodes's Division, Ewell's Corps, moved from Carlisle via Petersburg to Heidlersburg. Johnson's Division marched from Greenville to Scotland, Pa. Early's Division returned from York via Weiglestown and East Berlin, and encamped three miles from Heidlersburg. Pickett's Division, Longstreet's Corps, remained at Chambersburg. McLaw's and Hood's Division moved from there to Fayette- ville, except Law's Brigade, which was sent to New Gilford. Stuart's Brigades of Cavalry moved from Union Mills. Pa., via Hanover to Jefferson, and had a sharp fight at Hanover, Pa., with Union Cavalry.

July 1. —Heth's and Pender's Division, Hill's Corps, marched from Cashtown to Gettysburg. Anderson's Division from Fayetteville via Cashtown to Gettys- burg. Rodes's Division, Ewell's Corps, marched from Heidlersburg and then by the direct road to Gettysburg. Johnson's Division from Scotland via Cash- town to Gettysburg. Pickett's Division. Longstreet's Corps, remained with the wagon trains at Chambersburg. McLaw's and Hood's Division, except Law's Brigade on outpost duty at New Gilford, marched from Fayetteville to Marsh Creek, within four miles of Gettysburg. Stuart's Brigade of Cavalry marched from Jefferson via Dover and Dillsburg to Carlisle. Robertson's and Jones's Brigades of Cavalry crossed the Potomac at Williamsport and moved to Green- castle. Pa.

July 2. —McLaw's and Hood's Division, Longstreet's Corps, moved from Marsh Creek to the field at Gettysburg. Law's Brigade, Hood's Division, marched from New Gilford to Gettysburg, arriving about noon. Pickett's Division marched from Chambersburg and arrived in the vicinity of Gettysburg, soon after sunset. Stuart's Brigades of Cavalry marched from Carlisle via Hunterstown to Gettysburg. Hampton's Cavalry Brigade being in front had an engagement with Union Cavalry in the evening at Hunterstown. Pa. Robertson's and Jones' Brigades of Cavalry marched from Greencastle to Chambersburg. July 3.— Pickett's Division. Longstreet's Corps, arrived on the field early in the morning. Robertson's and Jones's Brigades of Cavalry marched from Chambersburg via Cashtown and Fairfield to a position on the right flank of the Confederate Army. Jones's Brigade had a severe fight with the Sixth United States Cavalry near Fairfield. Pa. Imboden's Brigade of mounted infantry reached the field at noon. July 4.—Ewell's Corps moved before dawn from the base of Culp's Hill, and the streets of Gettysburg to Seminary Ridge and the army remained in position on that ridge throughout the day. Soon after dark. Hill's Corps withdrew and began the march via Fairfield and Waynesboro on the Hagerstown road. Pick- ett's and McLaws's Divisions. Longstreet's Corps, followed during the night. July 5. —The entire army on the march to the Potomac. Hil''s Corps had the advance. Longstreet's the center, Ewell's the rear. Hood's Division, Long- street's Corps, started after sunrise Early's Division, Ewell's Corps, started near noon and formed the rear guard. Fitz Lee's and Hampton's Brigades of Cavalry, the latter under Col. Baker, moved via Cashtown and Green -vex!. en route to Williamsport. Chambliss's and Jenkins' Brigades, of Cavalry trader Gen. Stuart, moved via Emmittsburg. Robertson's and Jones's Brigades of Cavalry held the Jacks Mountain passes. Imboden's Brigade of Mounted In- 78 ITINERARY OF THE ARMY OF NORTHERN TIRGIN1A.

fantry, in charge of the wagon trains, reached Greencastle in th'; morning and Williamsport in the afternoon.

CONFEDERATE LOSSES.

Army of Northern Virginia at Gettysburg, killed, wounded and missing: Killed 2,592 Wounded 12,709 Missing 5

Total loss 20,451

GENERALS KILLED.

Pender, Barksdale, Semmes, Garnett and Armistead. : :

Organization of the Army of Northern Virginia, Com-

manded by Gen. Robert E. Lee, C. S. Army,1at the Battle of Gettysburg, July 1-3.*

FIRST ARMY CORPS. Lieut. Gen. James Longstrekt. m'laws' division. Maj. Gen. Lafayette McLaws.

Kershaw's Brigade. Semmes'i Brigade

Brig. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw. Brig. Gen. Paul J. Semmes. Col. Goode Bryan. 2d South Carolina: Col. J. D. Kennedy. 10th Georgia, Col. John B. Weems. Lieut. Col. F. Gaillard. Lost, Lost, 86. 154- 50th Georgia, Col. W. R. Manning. 3d South Carolina: Lost, 78. Maj. R. C. Maffet. 51st Georgia, Col. E. Ball. Lost, 55. Col. J. D. Nance. Lost, 83. 53d Georgia, Col. James P. Simms. 7th South Carolina, Col. D. Wyatt Lost, 87. Aiken. Lost, no. Brigade brought into action 8th South Carolina, Col. J. W. 1,200. Lost 430. Henagan. Lost, 100. 15th South Carolina Col. W. G. De Saussure. Maj. William M. Gist. Lost, 137. 3rd South Carolina Battalion, Lieut. Col. W. G. Rice. Brigade brought into action 1,800. Lost 630. Barksdale's Brigade. Wofford's Brigade. Brig. Gen. William Barksdale. Brig. Gen. William T. Wofford. Col. Benjamin G. Humphreys. 16th Georgia, Col. Goode Bryan, 13th Mississippi. Col. J. W. Car- Lost, 61. ter. Lost, 165. 1 8th Georgia, Lieut. Col. S. Z. 17th Mississippi: Ruff. Lost, 19. Col. W. D. Holder. 24th Georgia, Col. Rob. McMillan. Lieut. Col. John C. Fiser. Lost, 36. Lost, 200. Cobb's (Georgia) Legion, Lieut 18th Mississippi Col. Luther J. Glenn. Lost, 22. Col. T. M. Griffin. Phillips' (Georgia) Legion, Lieut. Lieut. Col. W. H. Luse. Col. E. S. Barclay. Lost, 28. Lost, 100. Brigade brought into action 21st Mississippi, Col. B. G. Hum- 1,350. Lost 355- phreys. Lost, 103. Brigade brought into action 1,598. Lost 747.

The actual commanders are indicated as far as practicable. tNo reports on hie for this bri miIc. Bryan was in command July 7. and was probably Semmes" immediate successor. Tbe commander" of the »"tT». 5>st,«nd >3rd Georgia are given as reported for June 2 and fuly 3'. Manni"y r"'>orted in command of 5"th Georgia June 22. No commander reported on return for July 8», : :

8o BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

Artillery Battalion.

Col. Henry C. Cabell.

i st North Carolina Artillery, Battery A, Capt. B. C. Manly, Lost Pulaski (Georgia) Artillery: Capt. J. C. Fraser " iS Lieut. W. Furlong, J. " ist Richmond (Virginia) Howitzers, Capt. E. S. McCarthy, Troup (Georgia) Artillery: Capt. H. H. Carlton " Lieut. C. W. Motes. pickett's division.

Maj: Gen. George E. Pickett.

Gamett's Brigade Kemper's Brigade

Brig. Gen. Richard B. Garnett. Brig. Gen. James L. Kemper. Maj. C. S. Peyton. Col. Joseph Mayo Jr. 8th Virginia, Col. Eppa Hunton. ist Virginia: Lost 64. Lost 54. Col. Lewis B. Williams. 18th Virginia, Lieut. Col. H. A. Car- Lieut. Col. F. G. Skinner.

rington. Lost 87. 3d Virginia : Lost 67. 19th Virginia: Lost 44. Col. Joseph Mayo, jr. Col. Henry Gantt. Lieut. Col. A. D. Callcote.

Lieut. Col. John T. Ellis. 7th Virginia : Lost 94.

28th Virginia : Lost 77. Col. W. T. Patton. Col. R. C. Allen. Lieut. Col. C. C. Flowerree. Lieut. Col. William Watts. nth Virginia, Maj. Kirkwood Otey. 56th Virginia Lost 62. Lost, 109. Col. W. D. Stuart. 24th Virginia, Col. William R. Terry. Lieut. Col. P. P. Slaughter. Lost 128. Brigade brought into action Brigade brought into action 1,480. Lost 941- 1.575. Lost 731.

Armistead .y Brigade.

Brig. Gen. Lewis A. Armistead.

Col. W. R. Aylett.

9th Birginia, Maj. John C. Owens Lost 71. 14th Virginia, 108. Col. James G. Hodges. Lieut. Col. William White.

38th Virginia : Col. E. C. Edmonds 170. Lieut. Col. P. B. Whittle. 53d Virginia, Col. W. R. Aylett 104. 57th Virginia, Col. John Bowie Magruder 121. Brigade brought into action, 1650. Lost, 1191.

Artillery Battalion. Maj. James Dearing.

Fauquier (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. R. M. Stribling. Hampden (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. W. H. Caskie. Richmond Fayette Artillery, Capt. M. C. Macon. Virginia Battery, Capt. Joseph G. Blount. Total loss 25.

hood's division.

Maj. Gen. John B. Hood. Brig. Gen. E. McIver Law. BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. Si

Laic's Brigade Robertson's Brigade.

Brig. Gen. E. McIver Law. Brig Gen. Jerome B. Robertson. Col. James L. Sheffield. 3d Arkansas : Lost 142. 4th Alabama, Lieut. Col. L. H. Col. Van H. Manning. Scruggs. Lost 66. Lieut. Col. R. S. Taylor.

15th Alabama : Lost 83. 1st Texas. Lieut. Col. P. A. Work. Col. William C. Oates. Lost 78.

Capt. B. A. Hill. 4th Texas : Lost 87. 44th Alabama, Col. Wm. F. Perry. Col. J. C. G. Key. Lost 88. Maj. J. P. Bane.

47th Alabama : Lost 40. 5th Texas . Lost 106. Col. James W. Jackson. Col. R. M. Powell. Lieut. Col. M. J. Bulger. Lieut. Col. K. Bryan. Maj. J. M. Campbell. Maj. J. C. Rogers.

48th Alabama : Lost 75. Brigade brought into action Col. James L. Sheffield. 1, 100. Lost 540. Capt. T. J. Eubanks. Brigade brougbt into action 1,500. Lost 550.

Anderson's Brigade. Be lining's Brigade.

Brig. Gen. George T. Anderson. Brig. Gen. Henry L. Benning. Lieut. Col. William Luffman. 2d Georgia : Lost 91. 7th Georgia, Col. W. W. White. Lieut. Col. William.T. Harris. Lost 15. Maj. W. S. Shepherd. 8th Georgia, Col. J. R. Towers. 15th Georgia, Col. D. M. DuBose. Lost 139. Lost 72.

Qth Georgia : Lost 143. 17th Georgia, Col. W. C. Hodges. Lieut. Col. J. C. Mounger. Lost 90.

Maj. W. M. Jones. 20th Georgia : Lost 140. Capt. George Hillyer. Col. John A. Jones. nth Georgia: Lost 194. Lieut. Col. J. D. Waddell. Col. F. H. Little. Brigade brought into action Lieut. Col. William Luffman. 1.500. Lost 509. Maj. Henry D. McDaniel. Capt. William H. Mitchell. 59th Georgia: Lost no. Col. Jack Brown. Capt. M. G. Bass. Brigade brought into action 1,800. Lost 671.

Artillery Battalion. Maj. M. W. Henry.

Branch (North Carolina) Artillery, Capt. A. C. Latham. German (South Carolina) Artillery. Capt. William K. Bachman. Palmetto (South Carolina) Light Artillery, Capt. Hugh R. Garden. Rowan (North Carolina) Artillery, Capt. James Reilly. Total loss, 27.

RESERVE ARTILLERY.

Col. J. B. Walton.

Alexander's Battalion. Washington (Louisiana) Artillery. Col. E. P. Alexander. Maj. B. F. Eshelman. Ashland (Virginia) Artillery: First Company, Capt. C. W. Squires. Capt. P. Woolfolk, jr. Second Co., Capt. J. B. Richardson. Lieut. James Wolfolk. Third Company. Capt. M. B. Miller. Bedford (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. Fourth Company": T. C. Jordan. Capt Joe Norcom. .

82 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

Brooks (South Carolina) Artillery, Lieut H. A. Battles. Lost 45. Lieut. S. C. Gilbert. Total loss of of First Corps, Madison (Louisiana) Light Artil- 7,539- lery. Capt. Geo. V. Moody. Virginia Battery, Capt. William W. Parker. Virginia Battery, Capt. O. B. Taylor. Total loss 139. SECOND ARMY CORPS.

Lieut. Gen. Richard S. Ewell.

Early's division.

Mai. Gen. Jubal A. Early.

Hays' Brigade. Smith's Brigade

Brig. Gen. Harry T. Hays. Brig. Gen. William Smith. . Col. Hoffman. 5th Louisiana : Lost 49- 31st Virginia, J. S. Col. Henry Forno. Lost 27. Capt. T. H. Biscoe. 49th Virginia, Lieut. Col. J. Catlett 6th Louisiana: Lost 60. Gibson. Lost 100. Col. William Monaghan. 52d Virginia, Lieut Col. James H. Lieut. Col. Joseph Hanlon. Skinner. Lost 15. 7th Louisiana. Col. D. B. Penn. Brigade brought into action Lost 57- 800. Lost 142.

8th Louisiana : Lost 75. Col. T. D. Lewis. Maj. A. de Blanc. 9th Louisiana, Col. L. A. Stafford. Gordon s Brigade. Lost 72. Brig. Gen. John B. Gordon. Brigade brought into action 1,200. Lost 332. 13th Georgia. Col. James M. Smith. Lost 103. Hoke's Brigade 26th Georgia. Col. T. N. Atkinson. Col. Isaac E. Avery. Lost 11. 31st Georgia, Col. C. A. Evanans. Col. A. C. Godwin. Lost 4.1. 6th North Carolina, Maj. S. McD. 38th Georgia, Capt. W L. McLeod. Tate. Lost 172. Lost 92. 21st North Carolina, Col. W. W. 60th Georgia. Capt. W. B. Jones. Kirkland. Lost III. Lost 38. 57th North Carolina, Col. A. C. 61 st Georgia. Col. J. H. Lamar. Godwin. Lost 62. Lost 99. Brigade brought into action Brigade brought into action 900. Lost 345- 1,500. Lost 380.

Artillery Battalion. •

Lieut. Col. H. P. Jones.

Charlottesville (Virginia) Artillery. Capt. James McD. Carrington. Courtney (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. W. A. Tanner. Louisiana Guard Artillery. Capt. C. A. Green Lost. 7- Staunton (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. A. W. Garber " 7.

JOHNSON'S DIVISION.

Maj. Gen. Edward Johnson. :

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 83

Stuart's Brigade. Niclwlls' Brigade*

Brig. Gen. George H. Stuart. Col. J. M. Williams. 1st Maryland Battalion: 1st Louisiana. Capt. E. D. Willett. Lieut. Col. R. Herbert. J. Lost Maj. W. W. Goldsborough. 39. 2d Louisiana, Lieut. Col. R. E. Capt. J. P. Crane. Lost 44 Burke. Lost 62. 1st North Carolina, Lieut. Col. H. 10th Louisiana, Maj. T. N. Powell. A. Brown. Lost 62. Lost 91. 3d North Carolina, Maj. W. M. 14th Louisiana, Lieut. Col. D. Zable. Parslev. Lost 156. Lost 65. 10th Virginia, Col. E. T. H. War- 15th Louisiana, Maj. A. Brady. ren. Lost 25. Lost 38. 23d Virginia, Lieut. Col. S. T. Wal- Brigade brought into action ton. Lost 18. 1, 100. Lost 388. 37th Virginia. Maj. H. C. Wood. Lost 54. Jones' Brigade Brigade brought into action 1,700. Lost 682. Brig. Gen. John M. Jones.

Stonewall Brigade. Lieut. Col. R. H. Duncan.

Brig. Gen. James A. Walker. 2 1 st Virginia, Capt. W. P. Mosely. Lost 35.

2d Virginia, Col. J. Q. A. Naden- 25th Virginia : Lost 40. bousch. Lost 14. Col. J. C. Higginbotham. 4th Virginia, Maj. Wm. Terry. Lieut. Col. J. A. Robinson.

Lost 86. 42d Virginia : Lost 56. 5th Virginia, Col. J. H. S. Funk. Lieut. Col. R. W. Withers. Lost 51. Capt. Jesse M. Richardson. 27th Virginia, Lieut. Col. D. M. 44th Virginia Lost 17. Shriver. Lost 41. Maj. N. Cobb. 33d Virginia. Capt. J. B. Gollady. Capt. T. R. Buckner. Lost 48. 48th Virginia: Lost 58. Brigade brought into action Lieut. Col. R. H. Dugan. 1,450. Lost 330. Mai. Oscar White,

soth Virginia : Lost 60. Lieut. Col. L. H. N. Salyer. Brigade brought into action 1.600. Lost 421.

Artillery Battalion.

Maj. J. W. Latimer.

Capt. Charles I. Rain.

1st Maryland Battery, Capt. William F. Dement Lost 5.

Allegheny (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. J. C. Carpenter... 24. Chesapeake (Maryland) Artillery, Capt. Wm. D. Brown. 16.

Lee (Virginia) Battery : 4-

Capt. Charles I. Raine. Lieut. William W. Hardwicke.

rodes' division.

Maj. Gen. Robert E. Rodes.

* The regimental commanders are given as reported for June 14. : : : : :

8 4 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

Daniel's Brigade Iverson's Brigade.

Brig. Gen. Junius Daniel. Brig. Gen. Alfred Iverson.

32d North Carolina : Lost 142. 5th North Carolina* Lost 143. Col. E. C. Brabble Capt. Speigrrt B. West. 43d North Carolina Lost 147. Capt. Benjamin Robinson. Col. T. S. Kenan. 1 2th North Carolina, Lieut. Col. W. Lieut. Col. W. G. Lewis. S. Davis. Lost 66. 45th North Carolina Lost 219. 20th North Carolina :f Lost 122. Lieut. Col. S. H. Boyd. Capt. Lewis T. Hicks. Maj. John R. Winston. Lieut. Col. Nelson Slough. Capt. A. H. Gallaway. 23d North Carolina

Capt. J. A. Hopkins. 23d North Carolina : % Lost 134.

53d North Carolina : Lost 117. Col. D. H. Christie. Col. W. A. Owens. Capt. William H. Johnson. 2d North Carolina Battalion Brigade Lost 820. Lost 158. Lieut. Col. H. L. Andrews. Capt. Van Brown. Brigade brought into action 2,100. Lost 916. Dole's Brigade. Ramseur's Brigade.

Brig. Gen. George Doles. Brig. Gen. Stephen D. Ramseur.

4th Georgia : Lost 45. 2d North Carolina : Lost 32. Lieut. Col. D. R. E. Wion. Maj. D. W. Hurtt. Maj. W. H. Willis. Capt. James T. Scales. 12th Georgia, Col. Edward Willis. 4th North Carolina, Col. B. 66. Lost 49. Grimes. Lost 14th, North Carolina: Lost 44. 21 st Georgia, Col. T. Mercer. J. Col. R. Taylor Bennett. Lost 17. Maj. Joseph Lambeth.

44th Georgia : Lost 68. 30th North Carolina : Lost 45. Col. S. P. Lumpkin. Col. Francis M. Parker. Maj. W. H. Peebles. Maj. W. W. Sillers. Brigade Lost 179. • Brigade Lost 177.

O'Neal's Brigade.

Col. Edward A. O'Neal.

3d Alabama, Col. C. A. Battle Lost 91. " 5th Alabama, Col. J. M. Hall 130. 6th Alabama Col. J. N. Lightfoot 131- Capt. M. L. Bowie. 12th Alabama., Col. S. B. Pickens 78. 26th Alabama, Lieut. Col. John C. Goodgame 46. Brigade brought into action, 1650. Lost, 696.

* The four captains present (West Robinson, James M. Taylor, Thomas N. Jordan), were reported as wounded July 1; Robinson and Taylor as having rejoined July 2, but it does not appear who commanded during Robinson's absence. t Lieutenant-Colonel Slough and Major John S. Brooks reported as wounded at 4 p. m. July I. Colonel Christie, Lieutenant Col. R. D. Johnston, Maj. C. C. Blackmail, and the senior captain (Abner D. Peace), reported as wounded early in the fight, July 1. :

BATTLE OF GETTVSBTRG. 85

Artillery Battalion. Lieut. Col. Thomas H. Carter.

Jeff. Davis (Alabama) Artillery, Capt. W. J. Reese. King William (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. W. P. Carter. Morriss (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. R. C. M. Page. Orange (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. C. W. Fry. Total loss, 65. RESERVE ARTILLERY. * Col. J. Thompson Brown. Brown's Battalion. Nelson's Battalion.

Capt. Willis J. Dance. Lieut. Col. William Nelson. 2d Richmond (Virginia) Howitzers Amherst (Virginia) Artillery, Capt Capt. David Watson. T. J. Kirkpatrick. 3d Richmond (Virginia) Howitzers Fluvanna (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. B. H. Smith, jr. Capt. J. L. Massie. Powhatan (Virginia) Artillery, Georgia Battery, Capt. John Mil- Lieut. John M. Cunningham. ledge, Jr. Total loss 22. Rockbridge (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. A. Graham. Salem (Virginia) Artillery, Lieut. C. B. Griffin. Total loss 22. Total loss of Second Corps, 5'937. THIRD ARMY CORPS. Lieut. Gen. Ambrose P. Hill. Anderson's division. Maj. Gen. Richard H. Anderson. Wilcox's Brigade. Wright's Brigade. Brig. Gen. Cadmus M. Wilcox. Brig. Gen. Ambrose R. Wright 8th Alabama, Lieut. Col. Hilary A. Col. William Gibson. Herbert. Lost 161. Brig. Gen. Ambrose R Wright. 9th Alabama, Capt. J. H. King. 3d Georgia, Col. E. J. Walker. Lost 58. Lost 100. 10th Alabama : Lost 104. 22d Georgia Lost 96. Col. William H. Forney. Col. Joseph Wasden. Lieut. Col. James E. Shelley, Capt. B. C. McCurry. nth Alabama: Lost 75. 48th Georgia : Lost 90. Col. C. C. Sanders. J. Col. William Gibson. Lieut. Col. George E. Tayloe. Capt. M. R Hall. 14th Alabama: Lost 48. Col. William Gibson. Col. L. Pinckard. 2d Georgia Battalion : Lost Lieut. Col. James A. Broome. 49. Maj. George W. Ross. Brigade brought into action Capt. Charles J. Moffet. 1.777. Lost 787. Brigade brought into action Mali one's Brigade. 1,450. Lost 873. Brig. Gen. William Mahone. Perry's Brigade. 6th Virginia, Col. George T. Rog- Col. Davh) Lang. ers. Lost 3. 2d Florida. Maj. W. R. Moore. 12th Virginia, Col. D. A. Weisiger. Lost 81. Lost 14. 5th Florida, Capt R. N. Gardner. 16th Virginia, Col. Joseph H. Ham. Lost 75. Lost 9. 8th Florida, Col. David Lang. Lost 41st Virginia. Col. William A. Par- 94- ham. Lost 12. Brigade brought into action 61st Virginia, Col. V. D. Groner. 700. Lost 455. Lost 12. Brigade brought into action 1,500. Lost 102. :

86 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

Posey's Brigade. Brig. Gen. Caunot Posey.

12th Mississippi, Col. W. H. Taylor Lost 7. 16th Mississippi, Col. Samuel E. Baker " 19. 19th Mississippi, Col. N. H. Harris " 27. 48th Mississippi, Col. Joseph M. Jayne " 30. Brigade brought into action, 1150. Lost, 83. Sumter (Georgia) Artillery Battalion. Maj. John Lane.

Company A, Capt. Hugh M. Ross Lost 8. Company B, Capt. George M. Patterson " 7. Company C, Capt. John T. Wingfield " 9. HETITS DIVISION. Maj. Gen. Henry Heth.

Brig. Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew. First Brigade. Third Brigade.

Brig. Gen. J. Johnston Pettigrew. Brig. Gen. James J. Archer. Col. James K. Marshal. Col. B. D. Fry. nth North Carolina, Col. Collett Lieut. Col. S. G. Shepard. Leventhorpe. Lost 209. 13th Alabama, Col. B. D. Fry. Lost 26th North Carolina: Lost 588. 42. Col. Henry K. Burgwyn, Jr. 5th Alabama Battalion, Maj. A. S. Capt. H. C. Albright. Van de Graaff. Lost 26. 47th North Carolina, Col. G. H. 1st Tennessee (Provisional Army) Faribault. Lost 161. Maj. Felix G. Buchanan. 52d North Carolina: Lost 147- Lost 42. Col. J. K. Marshall. 7th Tennessee, Lieut. Col. S. G. Lieut. Col. Marcus A. Parks. Shepard. Lost 23. Brigade brought into action 14th Tennessee, Capt. B. L. Philips. 2000. Lost 1405. Brigade brought into action Second Grigade. 1048. Lost 677. Fourth Brigade. Col. J. M. Brockenbrough. 40th Virginia Lost 42. Brig. Gen. Joseph R. Davis. Capt. T. E. Betts. 2d Mississippi, Col. J. M. Stone. Capt. R. B. Davis. Lost 232. 47th Virginia, Col. Robt. M. Mayo. nth Mississippi, Col. F. M. Green. Lost 48. Lost 202. 55th Virginia, Col. W. S. Christian. 42d Mississippi, Col. H. R. Miller. Lost 34. Lost 265. 22d Virginia Battalion, Maj. John 55th North Carolina, Col. J. K. S. Bowles. Lost 24. Connally. Lost 198. Brigade brought into action Brigade brought into action 1 100. Lost 208. 2000. Lost 1397. Artillery Battalion.

Lieut. Col. John J. Garnett. Donaldsonville (Louisiana) Artillery, Capt. V. Maurin. Huger (Virginia) Artillery. Capt. Joseph D. Moore. Lewis (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. John W. Lewis. Norfolk (Virginia) Light Artillery Blues, Capt. C. R. Grandy. Total loss, 22. pender's division. Maj. Gen. William D. Pender. Brig. Gen. James H. Lane. Maj. Gen. Isaac R Trimble. Brig. Gen. James H. Lane. :

BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 87

First Brigade. Second Brigade. McGowan Brig. Gen. James H. Lane. Col. Abner Perrin. Col. C. M. Avery. Brig. Gen. James H. 1st South Carolina (Provisional Lane. Army), Maj. C. W. Mc- Col. C. M. Avery. Creary. Lost 95. 7th North Carolina: Lost 89. 1st South Carolina Rifles, Capt. Capt. J. McLeod Turner. William M. Hadden. Lost 11. Capt. James G. Harris. 12th South Carolina, Col. John L. 18th North Carolina, Col. John D. Miller. Lost 132. Barry. Lost 45- 13th South Carolina, Lieut. Col. B. 28th North Carolina Lost 104. T. Brockman. Lost 130. Col. S. D. Lowe. Carolina, 14th South Lieut. Col. Lieut. Col. W. H. A. Speer. N. Brown. Joseph Lost 209. 33d North Carolina, Col. C. M. Brigade brought into action Avery. Lost 63. 1,600. Lost 577. 37th North Carolina, Col. W. M. Barbour. Lost 88. Brigade brought into action 1,355. Lost 660. Fourth Brigade. Third Brigade. Brig. Gen. Alfred M. Scales. Brig. Gen. Edward L. Thomas. Lieut. Col. G. T. Gordon. 14th Georgia. Lost 32. Col. William Lee J. Lowrance. 35th Georgia. Lost 48 45th Georgia. Lost 35. 13th North Carolina, Col. J. H. Hy- 49th Georgia, Col. S. T. Player. man. Lost 126. Lost 37. 1 6th North Carolina, Lieut. Col. Brigade brought into action William A. Stowe. Lost 66. 1,200. Lost 270. 22d North Carolina, Col. James Conner. Lost 89. 34th North Carolina, Col. William Lee J. Lowrance. Lost 64. 38th North Carolina, Col. W. J. Hoke. Lost 79. Brigade brought into action 1,250. Lost 599.

Artillery Battalion.

Maj. William T. Poague.

Albemarle (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. James W. Wyatt. Charlotte (Nerth Carolina) Artillery, Capt. Joseph Graham. Madison (Mississippi) Light Artillery, Capt. George Ward.

Virginia Battery, Capt. J. V. Brooke. Total loss 32.

RESERVE ARTILLERY.

Col. R. Lindsay Walker.

Mcintosh's Battalion Pegram's Battalion

Maj. D. G. McIntosh. Maj. W. J. Pegram. Capt. E. B. Brunson. Danville (Virginia) Artillery, Capt. R. S. Rice. Crenshaw (Virginia) Batttery. Hardaway (Alabama) Artillery, Fredericksburg (Virginia) Artil- Capt. W. B. Hurt. lery, Capt. E. A. Marye. 2d Rockbridge (Virginia) Artillery Letcher (Virginia) Artillery, Capt Lieut. Samuel Wallace. T. A. Brander. 88 BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG.

Virginia Battery, Capt. M. Johnson. Pee Dee (South Carolina) Artil- Total loss 32. lery, Lieut. William E. Zim- merman. Purcell (Virginia) Artillery, Capt Joseph McGraw. Total loss

Total loss Third Corps, 6,735. CAVALRY. STUART'S DIVISION. Maj. Gen. James E. B. Stuart.

Fit2 Lee's Brigade. Hampton's Brigade Brig. Gen. Fitz LEE. Brig. Gen. Wade Hampton. - Col. L. S. Baker. 1st Maryland Battalion:* 1st North Carolina Lost 23. Maj. Harry Gilmor. 1st South Carolina . . 14 Maj. Ridgely Brown. 2d South Carolina 7 1st Virginia, Col. James H. Drake. Cobb's (Georgia) Legion 21 Lost 22. Jeff. Davis' Legion 15 2d Virginia, Col. T. T. Munford. Phillips' (Georgia) Legion 10 Lost 5. 3d Virginia, Col. Thos. H. Owen. Lost 6. 4th Virginia, Col. Williams C. Wickham. Lost 17. 5th Virginia, Col. T. L. Rosser. Robertson's Brigade. Jenkins' Brigade.

Brig. Gen. Beverly H. RoRERTsoNf Col. M. J. Ferguson. 4th North Carolina, Col. D. D. 14th Virginia. Ferebee. 16th Virginia. 5th North Carolina. 17th Virginia, Col. W. H. French. 34th Virginia Battalion, Lieut. Col. V. A. Vichter. 36th Virginia Battalion. Jones' Brigade. W H F. Lee's Brigade. Brig. Gen. William E. Jones Col. J. R. Chambliss, Jr. 6th Virginia, Maj. C. E. Floumoy. 2d North Carolina. Lost 28. 9th Virginia, Col. R. L. T. Beale. 7th Virginia^ Lieut. Col. Thomas Lost 12. Marshall. Lost 30. 10th Virginia, Col. J. Lucius Davis. nth Virginia, Col. L. L. Lomax. Lost 12. 35th Virginia Battalion, Lieut. Col. 13th Virginia. Lost 17. E. V. White.

Stuart Horse Artillery.

Maj. R. F. Beckham. Breathed's (Virginia) Battery, Capt. James Breathed. Chew's (Virginia) Battery, Capt. R. P. Chew. Griffin's (Maryland) Battery, Capt. W. H. Griffin. Hart's (South Carolina) Batterv, Capt. J. F. Hart. McGregor's (Virginia) Battery," Capt. W. M. McGregor. Moorman's (Virginia) Battery, Capt. M. N. Moorman.

* Serving with Ewell's corps, f Commanded his own and William E. Jones' brigade. BATTLE OF GETTYSBURG. 89

Imboden's Command.

Brig. Gen. John D. Imboden. 18th Virginia Cavalry, Col. George W. Imboden. 62d Virginia Infantry (mounted), Col. George H. Smith. Virginia Partisan Rangers. Capt. John H. McNeil. Virginia Battery, Capt. J. H. McClanahan. Total loss Stuart's Division 240 Grand Total 20,451 1

Location of Monuments, Tablets and Markers on Gettys-

burg Battlefield, Alphabetically Arranged by States.

CONNECTICUT INFANTRY.

Reg. Brig. Com'd Brig. Div Corps Location. 5 McDougall 12 Culp's Hill, N. of Spangler's Spring ....

2 Hancock Av., just N. of Bloody Angle . . .

2 Marker—Where Bliss Buildings stood . . . 1 1 Barlow's Knoll, right of nth Ccrps line, ist d. 1 East slope of East Cemetery Hill

12 Culp's Hill, North of Spangler's Spring . . . 2 Rose Grove, South of Loop 2 North East Wheat Fieldd

Com'd Brig. Art. Corps CONNECTICUT ARTILLERY, ad Bat. Sterling 2 Vol Res Hancock Av., North of Weikert House DELAWARE INFANTRY. INDEX. 91

For Reg'l Details Page

1 7 De Trobri- 3 1 3 South side of Wheat Field, at stone wall . . 64 and 17 De Trobri- 313 Marker—Hancock Av., near Pleasonton Av. and 10 Harrow 122 Hancock A v. (1st Line), S. of High Water Mark T . . . . 69 19 Harrow 122 Marker—Hancock Av., in grove opposite Pleasonton Av 20 Vincent 3 1 5 Chamberlain Av., S.E. slope of Little Round f Top 7 20 Vincent 3*5 Big Round Top, near Summit 66 2d Co. D Vol. U.S.S.S. West of Slyder Buildings 66 MAINE CAVALRY.

Reg. Bat. Com'd Brig. Div Corps Location

1 Gregg 3 2 Cav. Hanover Road, Cavalry Field MAINE ARTILLERY.

Bat. Com'd Brig. Art. Corps 2 B Hall Art. 1 Stone Av. and Chambersburg Pike .... 2 B Hall Art. 1 Marker—S.W. Corner National Cemetery . 5 E St'v'nsArt. 1 Steven's Knoll, West of Culp's Hill .... 5 E St'v'nsArt. 1 Marker—Seminarv Ridge, near Sem. B'ld'gs 6 F Dow 4Vol.Res. Hancock Av., North of U. S. Av MARYLAND INFANTRY.

1 P.H.B.Lock- 2 1 12 Culp's Hill, near Spangler's Spring .... WuOu x E.S. 2 1 12 Slocum Av., South of Observatory, Culp s Lockwcod Hill 3 McDougall 1 1 12 Slocum Av., N. of Spangler's Spring.Culp's Hill MARYLAND CAVALRY.

1 Mcintosh 1 2 Cav. Cavalry Field Purnell Troup A 32 Cav. Cavalry Field MARYLAND ARTILLERY.

1 Bat. Com'd 1 A .Rigby 4V0I. Res. Summit Power's Hill CONFEDERATE MD. INFANTRY.

Reg. Brig. Com'd. Brig. Div Corps Location Hill 2 Stewart 122 Top of hill, South of ravine, Culp's . . 2 Stewart 1 2 2 Marker— 100 yards West of Monument . . MICHIGAN INFANTRY.

end of Loop 1 Tilton its West 3 D'Trobriand 3 1 3 S.E, corner of Peach Orchard 4 Sweitzer 2 1 5 South of Sickles Av., Wheat Field .... of 5 D'Trobri^"'d 3 i 3 Sickles Av., in grove East Loop .... line) S. of High Water M'rk 7 Hall 3 2 2 Hancck Av. (1st

Little Round Top . . 16 Vincent 3 1 5 South West slope of 24 Meredith 1 1 1 Meredith Av., Revnolds' Grove 55 SSCo' sC. I. R. &B West slope of Little Round Top MICHIGAN CAVALRY.

1 ) 23 Cav.

" JCuster f3 CavaJry Field . . . . I 2 3 Cay B r i ga e Monument. Cav. 7 J 23 MICHIGAN ARTILLERY.

Bat. Com'd Brig.'Art. , 68 9th I DanielVi Horse Hancock Av., S. of Pleasonton Av 92 INDEX.

For Reg'l Detaili Page MASSACHUSETTS INFANTRY.

i Carr i. 3 Emmitsburg Road, N. of Roger's House . 2 Colgrove 3 1 12 Edge of woods, S.E. of Spangler's Spring . 7 Eustis 236 Sedgwick Av., N. of Little Round Top . . 9 Sweitzer 215 North base of Big Round Top . . . io Eustis 236 Sedgwick Av., N. of Little Round Top . . ii Carr. 123 Sickles Av. and Emmitsburg Road . . . 12 Baxter 221 Doubleday Av., near Observatory. Oak Ridge. 12 Baxter 221 Marker—Zeigler's Grove 12 Baxter 221 Marker—Hancock Av., N.of U. S. Av . 13 Paul 221 Robinson Av., below Obseivatory, Oak Ridge is Harrow- 122 Hancock Av. (1st Line) South of High Water Mark iS Harrow 122 Ward Killed—Codori Field, West of High Water Mark 15 Harrow 122 Marker—at Copse of Trees, Hancock Av. . . 16 Carr 213 Emmitsburg Road, S. of Rodger's House . 18 Tilton 11S North side of Loop 19 Hall 322 Hancock Av., 2d Line, S. of High Water Mark 19 Hall 322 Marker—at Copse of Trees, Hancock Av. . 20 Hall 322 Pudding Stone—Hancock Av., 1st Line. S. of High Water Mark 20 Hall 322 Marker—at Copse of Trees, Hancock Av. . 22 Tilton 115 South side of Loop ". 28 Kelly 2 1 2 In grove at I oop . . . 32 Sweitzer 215 South side of Loop 32 Sweitzer 215 Hospital Tablet —on rock in Loop grove . . 33 Smith 2 2 11 Slocum Av., between Steven's Knoll and Bal- timore Pike

37 Eustis 2 3 6 In woods East side of S. Sedgwick Av. . .

1st Co. S. S. Andrew's Hancock Av., just N. of Bloody Angle . . . 2d Co. S. S. Andrew's South side of Loop

MASSACHUSETTS CAVALRY.

1 Mcintosh 1 2 Cav. South Sedgwick Av 67 MASSACHUSETTS ARTILLERY.

Reg. Bat. iCom'd Brig Div' Corps Location 1st A McCartney Art. National Cemetery, near Rostrum 3rd Walcot Art. 5 In field at N. end of Crawford Av. 5 th Philips 1 Vol Res. Art. Sickles Av., near S. E. cor. of Ex- celsior Field

9th Bigelow 1 Vol. Res. Art. Sickles Av., E. of Excelsior Field . 9th Biglow 1 Vol. Res. Art. Marker—U.S. Av., near Trostle . . Building 9th Biglow 1 Vol. Res. Art. Marker—Ziegler's Grove

MINNESOTA INFANTRY.

Reg.Brig.Com'd Brig. Div 'Corps 1 Harrow 1 2 2 Hancock Av., S. of Pleasonton Av 1 Harrow 1 2 2 Hancock Av. 1st Line S. of High Water Mark 1 Harrow 1 2 2 At Minnesota Plot, National Cemetery . . NEW HAMPSHIRE INFANTRY.

2 Burling 3 3 South side of Peach Orchard S Cross 1 2 In woods East of Sickles Av., S. of Wheat Field S Cross 1 2 Marker—Just South of Monument .... 12 Carr 1 3 Emmitsburg Road, just S. of Rodger's House 1st Co. E. S. S. Av., \ Hancock opposite Pleasonton Av. . . 2nd Co. S. F. &G. S. S. ) NEW HAMPSHIRE ARTILLERY.

1st Bat. Edgell 3 Vol. Res. Art. National Cemetery, near W. gate NEW JERSEY INFANTRY. INDEX. 93

For Reg'l Details Page

3 3 94 INDEX.

For Reg'l Details Page Reg. Brig. Com'd.Brig. Div 'Corps Location. 82 Harrow 122 Hancock Av. (1st Line) S. of High Water Mark 60 83 Baxter 221 Doubleday Av. Oak Ridge 57 84 Cutler 211 (14th Brooklyn) Reynolds' Av. R. R. Cut . 56 84 Cutlet 211 (Marker) S. Stone Av., near Reynolds' Grove 84 Cutler 211 (Tablet) On rock north of ravine, Culp's Hill 86 Ward 2 1 3 Sickles Av., N. of Devil's Den 65 93 Meade's Headquarters 59 94 Paul 1 2 1 S. Doubleday Av. Oak Ridge 57 95 Cutler 2 11 Reynolds' Av. R. R. cut 56 95 Cutler 211 Marker—Stone Av., near Reynolds' Grove 95 Cutler 211 Marker—Wadsworth Av & N. Sem. Ridge . 95 Cutler 211 Marker—-Chembarsburg Pike & Sem. Ridge 95 Cutler 211 Marker—Culp's Hill, near Observatory . . 97 Baxter 221 Doubleday Av. Oak Ridge 57 102 Greene 3 212 (102 & 78) Slocum Av., N. of ravine, Culp's Hill 72 104 N. Y. 221 Robinson Ave 59 107 Colgrove 3 1 12 Slocum Av., just N. of Spangler's Spring . . 73 108 Smyth 232 Ziegler's Grove 7° in Willard 332 Hancock Av., opp. Bryan House 7° 39 ) in Willard Marker—Sickles Av., S. of Rogers House . . J 332 125 ' 119 Krzyzanow- ' ski 2 3 11 Howard Av., E. of Carlisle Road 120 Brewster 223 Sickles Av., N of U. S. Av 61 121 Bartlett 216 Sykes Av., N. slope of Little Round Top . . 67 122 Shaler 136 Slocum Av., N. of ravine, Culp's Hill ... 7 2 123 McDougall 1 1 12 Slocum Av., S. of ravine, Culp's Hill ... 73 123 McDougall 1 1 12 Marker— 50 vards E. of Monument .... 124 Ward 213 Sickles Av., Ridge N. of Devil's Den ... 65 68 124 Ward 213 Marker—In field N. of Pleasonton Av. . . 125 Willard 332 Hancock Av.. just N. of Meade Av 7° 68 125 Willard 332 Marker—Williard killed—Codori Thicket . 126 Willard 332 Zeigler's Grove T> 134 Coster 1 2 11 East Cemetery Hill 7 1 136 Smith 1 2 11 Taneytown Road, S. of Steinwehr Av. ... 58 137 Greene 3 2 12 Slocum Av., N. of ravine, Culp's Hill ... 7* 140 Weed 325 Summit of Little Round Top 67 145 McDougall 1 1 12 Slocum Av., N. of Spangler's Spring ... 73 146 Weed 325 Little Round Top, near Warren Statue . . 67 147 Cutler 211 Reynolds' Av., N. side of R. R. cut .... 56 2 147 Cutler 2 1 1 Marker-Slocum Av., N. of ravine, Culp's Hill 7 2 149 Greene 3 2 12 Slocum Av., N. of ravine, Culp's Hill .... .7 2 150 Lockwood 2 1 12 Slocum Av., S. of observatory, Culp's Hill . 7 150 Lockwood 2 1 12 Marker—U. S. Av. Trostle House .... 68 154 Coster 1 2 11 N. E. end of Gettysburg 58 157 Schimmel-

' fennig 1 3 11 Howard Av. and Carlisle Road . 157 Schimmel- fennig 1 3 11 Howard Av. and Mummasburg Road ... 57 157 Schimmel- fennig 1 3 11 Marker—Carlisle Road, N. of Howard Av. . 57 Ward Cos. A. B. D. & H., 1st U.S. S. S. —Confederate Av., in grove N. of Pitzer's Woods NEW YORK CAVALRY.

2 Huey 2 2 Cav. In field N. of Pleasonton Av 68 4 Huey 2 2 Cav. In field N. of Pleasonton Av 68 66 5 Farnsworth 1 3 Cav. Wooded hill, S. W. of Big Round Top ... 6 Devin 2 1 Cav. Buford Av., S. of Mummasburg Road ... 56 8 Gamble 1 1 Cav. Reynolds' Av., S. E. cor Reynolds' Grove . 55 56 9 Devin 2 1 Cav. Buford Ave., S. of Mummasburg Road . . 10 Gregg 3 2 Cav. Hanover Road to Cavalry Field

Bat. Commander.Brig. Art. Corps NEW YORK ARTILLERY. 1st B Rorty Art. 2 Hancock Av., S. of High Water M'k. 69 1st C Barnes Art. 5 W. side of S. Sedgwick Av 67 1st D Winslow Art. 3 N. Wheat Field 64 1st E Attached to Bat. L S. side East Cemeterv Hill .... 1st G Ames 4 Vol Res. N. W. cor. of Peach Orchard ... 62 1st G Ames 4 Vol. Res. Marker—Hancock Av., N. of U.S. A: 68 1st I Wiedrich Art. 11 East Cemeterv Hill 7 1 7° ist K Fitzhugh 4Vol.Res. Hancock Av., S. of Meade Av. . . 1st L Reynolds Art. 1 Reynolds Av., near Reynolds Grove 55*7* INDEX. 95

For Reg'l Details Page Peg. Brig. Com'd Brig. Div'Corps Location. ist M Winegar Art. 12 Power's Hill 73 6 1st Cowan Art. 6 Hancock Av., High Water Mark . 9 3rd Ham Art. 6 Taneytown Road, cor National C'y. 58 4th Smith Art. 3 Sickles Av., near top of Devil's Den 65 1 5th Taft 2 Vol. Res. East end of National Cemetery . . 7 6th Martin 1 Horse Taneytown Road, near Meade's Headquarters 5S 10th Attached to Mass. 5th E Sickles Av., S E.fcor o Excelsior Field nth Attached to K Hancock Av., S. of Meade Av. . . 13th Wheeler- Art. n Howard Av., W. of Carlisle Road . 14th Attached to B Hancock Av., S. of High Water M'k IS Hart 1 Vol. Res. Sickles Av., S. W. corner Excelsior Field OHIO INFANTRY.

4 Carroll 132 South side of E. Cemetery Hill 4 Cos. G and I 132 Marker—Emmittsburg Road, W. of Ziegler's Grove 60 -2 5 Candy 1 2 12 N. Geary Av., along ravine, Gulp's Hill . . . 5 Candy 1 2 12 Marker—Sykes Av., N. side of little Round .

Top . .

7 Candy 1 2 12 Slocum Av., just N. of ravine, Gulp's Hill . . 8 Carroll 132 Emmitsburg Road, W. of Zeigler's Grove . 25 Ames 2 1 n (25th & 75th) Howard Av., Barlow's Knoll 25 Ames 2 1 11 (25 and 75) Foot of N.E. slope of E. Cem- etery Hill

29 Candy 1 2 12 Slocum Av., just N. of ravine, Gulp's Hill . .

55 Smith a 2 n Taneytown and Emmittsburg Roads . . . 61 Schimmel- 1 3 n Howard Av.. between Mummasburg and Car- fennig lisle Roads 61 Schimmel-

fennig 1 3 n Marker—N. side of National Cemetery . . 66 Candy 1 2 12 East of Observatory, Culp's Hill

73 Smith 2 2 11 Taneytown Road and N.W. cor. Cemetery . 75 Ames 2 1 n (75 & 25) Howard Av. and Barlow's Knoll . 75 Ames 2 1 n (75 &2O Foot of N.E. slope of E. Cemetery Hill 82 Krzyzanow- 2 3 n Howard Av., E. of Carlisle Road ski 82 Krzyzanow-

ski 2 .3 11 Marker—East end of National Cemetery . . 107 Ames 2 1 11 Howard Av., S.W. of Barlow's Knoll . . . 107 Ames 2 1 11 Marker—E. Cemetery Hill, N. of Reservoir OHIO CAVALRY.

1 Cos. A and C Taneytown Road, near Pleasonton ave. . .

6 Huey 2 • 2 Cav. Taneytown Road and Pleasonton Av. . . . OHIO ARTILLERY. Bat. Art. ist L Gibbs Art. s Svkes Av., N. side of Little Round Top ist I Dilger Art. n Howard Av., between Carlisle and Mummasburg Roads .... ist I Dilger Art. 1 1 Tablet — E. end of Nat'n'l Cemetery ist K Heckman Art. 11 Cor. of Carlisle and Lincoln Streets,

Gettysburg . . ist H Huntington 3 Vol. Res. National Cemetery, near National . Mi nument PENN'A RESERVE INFANTRY.

1 McCandless 1 3 5 N. E. Wheat Field 64 1 64 . 2 McCandless 3 5 N. E. Wheat Field 66 5 Fisher 3 3 5 Big Round Top, near Observatory .... 1 64 6 McCandless 3 5 In field N, of Wheat Field . 9 Fisher 3 3 5 Cor Warren and Sykes Avs., foot of Little Round Top 67 9 Fisher 3 3 5 (3Sth Inft.) Just N. of Monument .... 67 '66 10 Fisher 3 3 5 Opoosite path leading up Big Round Top . 64 n Fisher 3 3 5 N. E. corner of Wheat Field 66 12 Fisher 3 3 5 Summit of Big Round Top 65 13 McCandless 1 3 5 In grove S. E. of Wheat Field 96 INDEX.

For

Reg.Brig. Com'd.Brig. Div' Corps Location. f Reg'l Details Page PENNSYLVANIA INFANTRY.

ii Baxter 1 South Doubleday^Av., Oak Ridge ....

23 Shaler 6 Slocum Av., N. of ravine, Culp's Hill . . .

26 Carr 3 Emmittsburg Road, N. of Rogers House . . 26 Emergency In front of Meade High School, Gettysburg Reg't. 27 Coster n N. E. edge of Gettysburg 27 Coster 11 East Cemetery Hill

28 Candy 12 Slocum Av., S. of observatory, Culp's Hill . 29 Kane 12 Slocum Av., on hill S. of ravine, Culp's Hill

29 Kane 12 Slocum Av., just N. of ravine, Culp's Hill . . 46 McDougall 12 Slocum Av., near Spangler's Spring, Culp's Hill 49 Russell 6 Wright Av., E. of Tanevtown Road .... S3 Brooke 2 Rose Grove, S. W. of Wheat Field .... 56 Cutler 1 Reynold's Av., N. of Rail Road cut .... 5 7 Graham 3 Emmittsburg Road, front of Sherfy House 61 Neill 6 Neill Av., Wolf Hill 62 Sweitzer 5 Sickles Av., South Wheat Field

63 Graham 3 Emmittsburg Road, near Peach Orchard . . 68 Graham 3 S. W. corner of Peach Orchard

68 Graham 3 Side of road, just N. of Peach Orchard . . .

69 Webb 2 Hancock Av., Stone Wall, Bloody Angle . .

71 Webb 2 Hancock Av., corner of Bloody Angle . . .

72 Webb 2 Hancock Av., Stone Wall, Bloody Angle . . 73 Coster 11 East Cemetery Hill 74 Schimmel- 11 Howard Av., between Mummasburg and fennig Carlisle Roads 74 Schimmel- fennig 11 Marker—N. side of National Cemetery . . . 75 Krzyzanow- ski 11 Howard Av., E. of Carlisle Road 75~'Krzyzanow- ski 11 Marker— E. end of National Cemetery . . 81 Cross 2 N. E. Wheat Field

82 Shaler 6 Slocum Av., N. of ravine, Culp's Hill . . . 83 Vincent 5_Svkes Av., South slope of Little Round Top 84 Carr 3*Pleasonton Av., near Hancock Av 88 Baxter 1 Doubleday Av., near observatory, Oak Ridge 88 Baxter 1 Marker—Forney's field, W. of Monument 88 Baxter 1 Marker—Hancock Av., Ziegler's Grove . . 88 Baxter 1 Hancock Av., near Minnesota State Monu- ment 9o'Baxter 1 Doubleday Av., near observatory, Oak Ridge 90 Baxter 1 Hancock Av., Ziegler's Grove 90 Baxter 1 Hancock Av., near Minnesota State Monu- ment 90 Baxter 1 Chaplain Tablet—Christ Lutheran Church, Gettysburg 91 Weed 5 Summit of Little Round Top 91 Weed 5 Weed wounded—Summit of Little Round

Top . . . 93 Nevin 6 West side of Sedgwick Av 93 Nevin 6 In field, N. of Valelv of Death 95 Bartlett 6 Wheat Field Road and N.E. Vallev of Death

96 Bartlett 6 Wheat Field Road and N. Valley of Death . 98 Nevin 6 In field. N. of Valley of Death 98 Nevin 6 W. side Svkes Av., N. slope of Little Round Top ' 99 Ward 3 Keystone—Hill, top of Devil's Den .... 90 Ward 3 Hancock Av., near Bloodv Angle 102 Nevin 6 In field, N. of Valley of Death 105 Graham 3 Emmittsburg Road and U. S. Av

106 Webb 2 Hancock Av., near High Water Mark . . .

106 Webb 2 Emmittsburg Road and Codori House . . 106 Webb 2 Marker—East Cemeterv Hill 107 Paul 1 S. Doubleday Av., Oak Ridge 109 Kane 12 Slocum Av.. in ravine, Culp's Hill .... no D'Trobiiand 3 Wheat Field, South of Loop ......

in Kane 12 Slocum Av., S. side of ravine, Culp's Hill . . 114 Graham 3 Front of Sherfy House, Emmittsburg Road 115 Burling 3 S. W. Wheat Field 116 Kellv 2 Sickle Av. X. side of Loon 118 Tilton 5 Sickles Av.. N. W. end of Loop 118 Tilton 5 Marker—Sickles Av. and Wheat Field Road

118 Tilton ; Along path leading up Big Round Top . . . 119 Russel 6 Wright Av.. near Taneytown Road .... INDEX. 97

For Reg.Brig. Com'd.Brig. DiV Corps Location Reg'l Detail Page 119 Russell 3 1 6 Along path leading up Big Round Top ... 66 121 Biddle 1 3 1 Reynolds Av., N. of Fairfield Road .... 55 1 1 I2i Biddle 3 Marker— (2d line) S. of High Water Mark . 69 139 Nevin 3 3 6- In field, N. of Valley of Death 65 139 Nevin 3 3 6 Excelsior Field, Sickles Av 62 140 Zook 3 1 2 Sickles Av., N. side of Loop 63 140 Zook 3 1 2 Edge of grove, N. of Loop 141 Graham 1 1 3 N. E. corner of Peach Orchard 62

142 Biddle 1 3 i (Large cross) Reynolds Av., S. of Grove . . 55 143 Stone 2 3 1 Reynolds Av. and Chambersburg Pike ... 56 143 Stone 2 3 1 Hancock Av.. near Vt. State Monument . . ^ 145 Brooke 4 1 2 Rose Grove, S. of Loop 64 147 Candy 1 2 12 Geary Av., along ravine. Gulp's Hill .... 73 147 Candy 1 a 12 Star Marker— N. slope of Little Round Top 64 148 Cross 1 1 2 Sickles Av., S. E. corner of Wheat Field . . 148 Cross 1 1 2 Marker— S. Hancock Av 149 Stone 2 Stone Av. and Chambersburg Pike .... 56

149 Stone 2 Hancock Av. ( 2d line) S. of High Water Mark 68 140 Co. D. 2 Hagerstown Roadand Confed. Av.. Seminary Ridge 63 150 Stone 2 Central Stone Av., McPherson Ridge ... 56 150 Stone a Hancock Av. (2d line) S. High Water Mark 69 151 Biddle 1 Reynolds Av., S. E. corner of Reynold's Grove 1 _ 55 1 S3 Von Gilsa 1 Howard Av., Barlow's Knoll 58

153 Von Gilsa 1 Foot of S. E. slope of E. Cemetery Hill . . 72

155 Weed 3 (Zouave) Sykes Av., Little Round Top . . 67 PENNSYLVANIA CAVALRY.

1 Mcintosh Cav. Hancock Av., opp. Bloody Angle 69 2 Pro. Guard South side Meade Av 59 3 Mcintosh Cav. Cavalry Field 4 Gregg Cav. E. side of S. Hancock Av 68 6 Merritt Res. Cav. Emmittsburg Road 1 Vi miles S. of Peach Or- 59 chard 60 6 Cos. E. & I. In yard at Meade's Headquarters 8 Huey Cav. In field N. of Pleasonton Av 68

16 Gregg Cav. DeardorfT farm South of Hanover Road . . 17 Devin Cav. Buford Av. and Mummasburg Road ... 56 18 Farnsworth Cav. In woods near Confed. Av., W. of Big Round Top 66 21 Not engaged

at Gettysb'g Baltimore Pike 1% miles S. of Gettysburg . PENNSYLVANIA ARTILLERY.

Ref,. Bat.i Commander Brig. Art. Corps 1st B

Cav. 9 8 INDEX.

For Reg'l Details Page Reg. Bat.i Commander Brig. Art. Corps Location.

UNITED STATES INFANTRY. 65 3l 6S 4l 65 6 J- Day 65

12 I running from Devil's 65 | Along wooded ridge i Den to Wheat Field between Sickles Av. 65 1 65 I and Valley of Death 71 65 io JBurbank I

ii I 17J 8 Gen'l H'dq's 6i i "Ward Monuments locatedunaer States to which be- 66 2 Ward | Sharpshooters they longed 65

UNITED STATES CAVALRY.

l i Merritt Res. i Car. ( Emmittsburg Road about i A miles S. of 6o a Merritt Res. i Cav. ] Peach Orchard, in Cedar Thicket . . 6o 6 Merritt Res. i Cav. ( 6th. At Fairfield, Pa 6o 5 Merritt Res. i Cav. Heagy's Woods, W. of Ridge Road .... Detachm'ts of ist Reg. at General Headquarters

UNITED STATES ARTILLERY.

Bat. Commander Brig. Art. Corps Location. E&GiRandol 2 Horse Cavalry Field aist H Eakin Reg Res. National Cemetery, near National Monument 7° 7° ist I Woodruff Art. 2 Hancock Av., Ziegler's Grove . . !' miles i st Ki Graham 2 -Horse Emmittsburg Road about 1 2 S S. of Peach Orcherd .... 60 2d A Calif. 2 Horse Stone Av. and Chambersburg Pike 56 2d B&LfHeaton 1 Horse In fiield, front of Granite SchoolHs. 6 Taneytown Road, N. of LiTtle 2d D , Williston Art. Round Top 59 2d M Pennington 1 Horse Cavalry Field 2d G Butler Art. 6 Ziegler's Grove 7 D Emmittsburg Road, at Rogers H'se 61 3 F&K Turnbull 1 RegRes. 4th\ A Cushing Art. 2 Hancock Av., at Bloody Angle . . 69 4th B Stewart Art. 1 East Cemetery Hill 7» 68 4th C Thomas 1 RegRes. Hancock Av., S. of Pleasonton Av. 4th E Elder 1 Horse On wooded hill, S.W. of Big Round Top 66 4th F Rugg Art. 12 Spangler's Field, W. of Balto. Pike 58 4th G Wilkeson Art. n Barlow's Knoll . . 4th G Bancroft Art. n 2d Position National Cemetery . . 61 4th K Seeley Art. 3 Emmitsburg Road N. of U. S. Ave. Hancock Ave. near Vt. State Mon. 69 5 th C Weir 1 RegRes. Summit of Little Round Top 67 5 th D Hazlett Art. 5 ... 5th F Martin Art. 6 Zieglers Grove 7° 5th I Watson Art. 5 Infield N. W. of Weikert House and U. S. Av 68 i ' of Baltimore ', 12 Spangler's Field, W. 5 th K 1 Kinzie Art. -i Pike 12 Summit of Culp's Hill 5th K Kinzie tArt. VERMONT INFANTRY.

3 Av., S. E. of Big Round Top 4 Grant (Lion) Wright oj 12 ] 013 Av., S. of High Water Mark, 14 } Stannard 3 (State) Hancock 015 near Pleasonton Av 016 INDEX. 99

Reg. Bat.i Commander Brig. Art. Corps Location. 13 Stannard IOO INDEX.

Meade, Maj. Gen'l Geo. G., Equestrian Statue—Hancock Av., near Meade Av. . . 7° Menchey's Spring—Foot of East Cemetery Hill Merwin, Lieut. Col. Henry C, killed—Marker, Wheat Field Road, N, of Wheat Fid National Monument—National Cemetery New York State Monument—National Cemetery 66th Palmer, Maj. J. G., killed—Tablet, on rock, E. of observatory, near Ohio Monument, Culp's Hill Reynolds, Maj. Gen'l John F., Statue—National Cemetery

Reynolds, Maj. Gen'l John F. killed—Marker, Reynolds Grove r Reynolds, Maj. Gen'l John F., Equestrian Statue, Chambersburg Pike and Stone Avenue

Sandoe, Geo. W., killed—Marker, Baltimore Pike.'iH miles S. of Gettysburg . Sickles, Maj. Gen'l D. E., wounded—Marker, Trostle barn, U. S. Av., Slocum, Maj. Gen'l Henry W,. Equestrian Statue, Steven's Knoll, W. of Culp's Hill Spangler's Spring—Slocum and Geary Avs., South Culp's Hill 73 Taylor, Col. Fred., killed—Marker, Crawford Av., Valley of Death . . . Vincent, Col. Strong, wounded—S. slope of Little Round Top 67 Wade, Jennie, killed—House, South Baltimore Street Wade, Jennie, Monument—Citizens' Cemetery Warren, Brig. Gen'l G. K., Bronze Statue—Summit of Little Round Top .... 67 Weed, Brig. Gen'l Stephen H., wounded—Marker, Summit of LittlelRound.Top

Zook, S. K., killed— Monument N. Wheat Field -. . 64 Itinerary of the Army of the Potomac ...... 1 General Summary of Casualities in the Union Forces, ..... 13 Col. Marshall's Address, ...'...-. 15 First Day's Battle, ...... *9 • Second Day's Battle, . . . . 22 The Attack on Cemetery Hill, ...... 29 Third Day's Battle, ...... 31 Maps of First Day, ...... 39 Organization of the Army of the Potomac, . 39

Regimental Details, . . . . 55 Maps of Second and Third Days ...... 59 Losses by Corps at Gettysburg...... 74 Itinerary of the Army of Northern Virginia, ..... 76 Organization of the Army of Northern Virginia, . . . 79 GETTYSBURG TOURISTS

LOOK TO YOUR INTERESTS.

HOW TO SEE THE BATTLEFIELD.

Leave Gettysburg by way of Chambersburg Street, westward to tbe

grove where General Reynolds fell on the first day —then to Katalysine

Springs, discovered by the Confederates—back then and take the line of

the First Corps and follow it to its extreme right—from thence to line of

Eleventh Corps and follow it from left to right, which includes the first

day's fight west and north of town. Return to town f r dinner.

After dinner start southward by way of Fmmitsburg road and line of Third Corps to the Peach Orchard, Wheatfield, Devil's Den and Round

Top. Then along the main line, northward to "the high water mark of the Rebellion," where Pickett made his famous charge—then keeping on to the National Cemetery, pass around through it. From thence to

Culp's Hill, following line of First Corps, Wadsworth's Division, to highest point— then the line of Twelfth Corps to the extreme right.

Making a drive of from 15 to 2D mibs, including a first-class

dinner for $1.25.

Special rates will be made, (according to the time required, ) for parties who wish to go just to points of special interest.

Being born on the field, and in the business for years, can promise satisfaction or no pay.

Parties wishing to make arrangements, can write or telegraph at my expense.

Am Prepared to Convey any Number.

Please give me a call.

JOHN E. PITZEE, Post 9, G. A. R. 143 Main Street, known as Chambersburg Street.