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ORDO AB CHAO Den politiska historien om biodrivmedel i den Europeiska Unionen – Aktörer, nätverk och strategier JACOB NORDANGÅRD Linköping Studies in Arts and Science No. 566 Linköpings Universitet, Institutionen för TEMA Linköping 2012 i Linköping Studies in Arts and Science No. 566 Vid filosofiska fakulteten vid Linköpings universitet bedrivs forskning och ges forskarutbildning med utgångspunkt från breda problemområden. Forskningen är organiserad i mångvetenskapliga forskningsmiljöer och forskarutbildningen huvudsakligen i forskarskolor. Gemensamt ger de ut serien Linköping Studies in Arts and Science. Denna avhandling kommer från Tema teknik och social förändring vid Institutionen för TEMA. Distribueras av: Tema teknik och social förändring Institutionen för TEMA Linköpings universitet 581 83 Linköping Författare: Jacob Nordangård Titel: Ordo Ab Chao Undertitel: Den politiska historien om biodrivmedel i den Europeiska Unionen – Aktörer, nätverk och strategier Upplaga 1:1 ISBN 978-91-7519-744-9 ISSN 0282-9800 © Jacob Nordangård 2012 Institutionen för Tema 2012 Omslagsmålning: Elaine Ni'Cuana 2012, http://elainec.wix.com/sgraffito LiU-tryck, Linköping 2012 ii FÖRORD Detta arbete är en del av en lång process där små delar har sammanförts till en helhet. Min personliga forskningsprocess har på många sätt varit parallell med det som har skett i avhandlingen. Där har funnits både förhoppningar, besvikelser och utlösande händelser. Det har också funnits ett nätverk av människor som alla har varit med mig på vägen. Alla har på sitt sätt bidragit med att förverkliga detta arbete. Genom alla möten och tankar har jag fått nya perspektiv som både utmanat och lyft mig. Jag har genom detta fått omvärdera mycket av de tankar jag hade med mig från början. Isolerat i min ensamhet hade detta inte fungerat. Alla synsätt har varit värdefulla för att få en större förståelse. Alla som läser detta arbete kommer i sin tur att utgå från sin grund. Det som utläses kan tolkas på många olika sätt beroende på vem läsaren är som person. En ingenjör kommer att se andra saker än en miljöhistoriker, nätverksanalytiker eller en familjemedlem. Det finns många jag vill tacka. En av mina största inspirationskällor är min farfar Folke (1914-2005). Han såg och uppmuntrade mig att söka kunskap när jag var barn. Han såg geografen och upptäckaren i mig och hans stöd var ovärderligt. Detta bidrog till att ge mig en grund och en tro på min egen förmåga. Jag är tacksam för den hjälp som jag fått av mina handledare. Björn-Ola Linnér som tog sig an mina idéer och min önskan att doktorera och Jonas Anshelm som gav knivskarpa kommentarer när jag började omsätta mina tankar till handling. Dessa gav mig anledning att verkligen tänka till och fundera över min inriktning. Ett speciellt stort tack till Hans Holmén som funnits med mig sedan jag kring 2004 började intressera mig för energirelaterade frågor som biodrivmedel och Peak Oil. Diskussionerna och stödet under alla år har varit mycket givande och verkligen fört mig framåt. Fantastiskt stöd har jag också haft av Jenny Palm som haft en förmåga att få ordning på mina ibland kaotiska tankar. Hjälpen har kommit precis när jag behövt den och lyft mitt arbete flera snäpp. Det finns också en mängd med kollegor som jag har haft glädjen att få samverka med. På Tema T vill jag speciellt tacka doktoranderna i min årskull. Magnus Blondin, Veronika Brodén, Emmy Dahl, Jenny Gleisner, Simon Haikola, Malin Henriksson, Dick Magnusson, Helena Karresand och Anna Morvall. Ett stort tack till Julia Schwabecker för alla inspirerande samtal under åren om våra närliggande forskningsområden. Vill även tacka Hanna Sjögren och Anders Hansson för alltid så tankeväckande samtal. Övriga kollegor iii på Tema T och de seminariegrupper som jag samverkat med under åren har även haft sin roll till att föra mig framåt. På klimatpolitiskt centrum (CSPR) där jag suttit större delen av min doktorandtid finns det många kollegor som har haft stor betydelse och som berikat min vardag. Vi har sett varandra i både mot- och medgång. Många tack till mina kollegor Erik Glaas, Mathias Friman och Johan Alberth som jag haft många givande stunder med när vi har bedömt öl från världens alla hörn. En ovärderlig ventil i all vetenskaplig korrekthet med många roliga stunder. Tack till Ola Uhrkvist för alla spännande diskussioner om nätverk, historia och den fantastiska förmågan att kunna bygga modeller av mina ibland ganska skruvade idéer. Martin Karlson ges en hedersutnämning för den öl från Burkina Faso som är ovärderlig i öltestarsammanhang. Tack till Karin André, Therese Asplund, Nagmeh Nasiritousi för den trivsel ni sprider och Ingrid Leo för sin organisationsförmåga och värme. Stor glädje har jag haft av mina rumskamrater under åren. Magdalena Kuchler, Sabine Henders, Katarina Buhr, Michael Benken, Markus Vihma (och några andra med kortare inhopp). Tack för alla intressanta diskussioner och hoppas att jag inte störde er för mycket med mina utläggningar om dolda maktstrukturer och dylikt. Responsen jag har fått har varit av stort värde och har fått mig att tänka i vidare banor (speciellt tack till Sabine). Ian Dickson har förutom att serva datorerna bidragit till många spännande samtal under doktorandtiden. Jag vill också tacka de som jag varit involverade med i samband med mina undervisningsuppdrag på Kultur, Samhälle, Mediegestaltning och Miljövetarprogrammet i Norrköping. Stort tack till David Cardell från Tema Barn som jag fick glädjen att göra en seminarieserie tillsammans med. Det var mycket roligt att se hur kursen växte fram och hur vi lärde oss av processen. Tack även till KSM som utbildning där mitt kritiska tänkande fick tillfälle att blandas med konstnärlig gestaltning och sociologiska teorier. Flera goda vänner har också medverkat på denna resa. Johan Laurell som jag diskuterat mycket med under åren och som även har gett mig ett ingenjörsperspektiv på energi och biodrivmedel. Ölprovningarna och tillhörande filosofiska samtal som vi genomfört i isolering på landet har varit givna höjdpunkter under åren. Christian Lindblad har lärt mig mycket om spontanitet, galna infall samt hur man lagar god mat från containrar. Med Ola Blomqvist har jag fått tillfälle att diskutera konspirationer, politik och religiösa yttringar samt omsätta detta till musik i bandet Wardenclyffe. Allehanda doktorandbetonade problem, musik och teoretiska resonemang har avhandlats med Madeleine Wetterskog medan Tide Garnow har inspirerat genom sin varma generositet och förmåga att uppskatta det stora i det lilla. iv Min familj har alla sett mig under åren och säkerligen undrat vart jag ska göra med alla mina märkliga idéer och passioner. Tack till mina systrar Leena och Annika, bröder Joakim och Johannes, pappa Magnus och mamma Sonja (1938-1998). Ni är alla en del av det jag skapat och har varit viktiga i mitt liv. Till sist vill jag tacka mina barn, Celia och Alva. Detta arbete är tillägnat er. Nu hoppas jag få omsätta alla års slit till något som skänker er båda glädje. I took a long trip and now back again to the point where I began And everything I left behind followed me, preceded me Souvenirs are patient, they only know the lassitude they provide Feeding the void with emptiness it took me time to understand It was always here, deep inside, always there, far away, The Shining Kingdom I took a long trip to leave myself to search for another me elsewhere I haven't found anything I just forgot what I was looking for I did forget what I was looking for I've been lost Feeding the void with emptiness it took me time to understand It was always here, deep inside, always there, far away The Shining Kingdom (Samael ”The Shining Kingdom”) v AKRONYMER AAAS - American Association for the Advancement of Science AEC – Atomic Energy Commission AGGG - The Advisory Group of Greenhouse Gases AGW – Anthropogenic Global Warming ARCO – Atlantic Richfield Corporation ASPO – Association of the Study of Peak Oil and Gas CACOR – Canadian Association of the Club of Rome CCF – Congressional Institute for the Future CFR – Council on Foreign Relations CoR – Club of Rome ECF – European Climate Foundation EEB – European Environmental Bureau ENVI - Environment, Public Health and Food Safety EREC – European Renewable Energy Council ESD – Energy for Sustainable Development EUFORES – The European Forum for Renewable Energy Sources FOE – Friends of the Earth GARP - Global Atmospheric Research Programme GLOBE – Global Legislators for a Balanced Environment HAO - High Altitude Observatory HIVOS - Humanist Institute for Cooperation with Developing Countries IAS – Institute for Advanced Study ICSU – International Council for Science Unions IFIAS – International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Studies IFPRI – International Food Policy Research Institute ITRE – Industry, Research and Energy vi IUCN – Internationella Naturvårdsunionen IGY – International Geophysical Year IIASA – International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis IIEA – International Institute for Environmental Affairs IIED – International Institute for Environment and Development IMI – International Meteorological Institute IPCC – International Panel on Climate Change MIT – Massachusetts Institute of Technology NCAR - National Center for Atmospheric Research NOAA – National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association NSF – National Science Foundation ODAC - The Oil Depletion Analysis Centre OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development ONR – Office for Naval Research OSRD – Office of Scientific Research and Development RAND – Research
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  • Mill List - 2020

    Mill List - 2020

    General Mills - Mill List - 2020 General Mills July 2020 - December 2020 Parent Mill Name Latitude Longitude RSPO Country State or Province District UML ID 3F Oil Palm Agrotech 3F Oil Palm Agrotech 17.00352 81.46973 No India Andhra Pradesh West Godavari PO1000008590 Aathi Bagawathi Manufacturing Abdi Budi Mulia 2.051269 100.252339 No Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhanbatu Selatan PO1000004269 Aathi Bagawathi Manufacturing Abdi Budi Mulia 2 2.11272 100.27311 No Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhanbatu Selatan PO1000008154 Abago Extractora Braganza 4.286556 -72.134083 No Colombia Meta Puerto Gaitán PO1000008347 Ace Oil Mill Ace Oil Mill 2.91192 102.77981 No Malaysia Pahang Rompin PO1000003712 Aceites De Palma Aceites De Palma 18.0470389 -94.91766389 No Mexico Veracruz Hueyapan de Ocampo PO1000004765 Aceites Morichal Aceites Morichal 3.92985 -73.242775 No Colombia Meta San Carlos de Guaroa PO1000003988 Aceites Sustentables De Palma Aceites Sustentables De Palma 16.360506 -90.467794 No Mexico Chiapas Ocosingo PO1000008341 Achi Jaya Plantations Johor Labis 2.251472222 103.0513056 No Malaysia Johor Segamat PO1000003713 Adimulia Agrolestari Segati -0.108983 101.386783 No Indonesia Riau Kampar PO1000004351 Adimulia Agrolestari Surya Agrolika Reksa (Sei Basau) -0.136967 101.3908 No Indonesia Riau Kuantan Singingi PO1000004358 Adimulia Agrolestari Surya Agrolika Reksa (Singingi) -0.205611 101.318944 No Indonesia Riau Kuantan Singingi PO1000007629 ADIMULIA AGROLESTARI SEI TESO 0.11065 101.38678 NO INDONESIA Adimulia Palmo Lestari Adimulia Palmo Lestari