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From Xizang to Xinjiang an Analysis of the Role of Diaspora-Based Transnational Social Movements in Opposing Chinese Ethnic Minority Treatment
Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales Grado en Relaciones Internacionales Trabajo Fin de Grado From Xizang to Xinjiang An Analysis of the Role of Diaspora-Based Transnational Social Movements in Opposing Chinese Ethnic Minority Treatment Estudiante: Blanca Marabini San Martín Director: Mario López Areu Madrid, a 5 de mayo de 2020 The land of Ili is full of flowers there is a strong cold in the summer months the red roses of our homeland is the blood of our martyrs shed for this land. The land of Ili is very bright and full of passion its caves and valleys are full of rich miracles songs of Sadir echoes lyrics of Nuzugum resonate all around. The land of Ili is full of mysteries even dark nights don’t fall into sleep they awaken the light of dawn the sheer lyrics of nightingales. The land of Ili is full of lilacs. – Kasim Sidik, Uyghur writer and poet Contents Chapter I: Introduction ............................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Objective and Motives ................................................................................................ 2 Chapter II: Contextualization of the Analysis ........................................................................... 3 2.1. State of the Art ............................................................................................................ 3 2.1.1. Transnational Social Movements ......................................................................... 3 2.1.2. Minority Policies in China .................................................................................. -
Reconciling Statism with Freedom: Turkey's Kurdish Opening
Reconciling Statism with Freedom Turkey’s Kurdish Opening Halil M. Karaveli SILK ROAD PAPER October 2010 Reconciling Statism with Freedom Turkey’s Kurdish Opening Halil M. Karaveli © Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program – A Joint Transatlantic Research and Policy Center Johns Hopkins University-SAIS, 1619 Massachusetts Ave. NW, Washington, D.C. 20036 Institute for Security and Development Policy, V. Finnbodav. 2, Stockholm-Nacka 13130, Sweden www.silkroadstudies.org “Reconciling Statism with Freedom: Turkey’s Kurdish Opening” is a Silk Road Paper published by the Central Asia-Caucasus Institute and the Silk Road Studies Program. The Silk Road Papers Series is the Occasional Paper series of the Joint Center, and ad- dresses topical and timely subjects. The Joint Center is a transatlantic independent and non-profit research and policy center. It has offices in Washington and Stockholm and is affiliated with the Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies of Johns Hopkins University and the Stockholm-based Institute for Security and Development Policy. It is the first institution of its kind in Europe and North America, and is firmly established as a leading research and policy center, serving a large and diverse commu- nity of analysts, scholars, policy-watchers, business leaders, and journalists. The Joint Center is at the forefront of research on issues of conflict, security, and development in the region. Through its applied research, publications, research cooperation, public lec- tures, and seminars, it functions as a focal point for academic, policy, and public dis- cussion regarding the region. The opinions and conclusions expressed in this study are those of the authors only, and do not necessarily reflect those of the Joint Center or its sponsors. -
Migracijske Teme 4/1988
Migracijske teme 15 (1999), 1-2: 63-153 UDK: 809.45-0 Izvorni znanstveni rad Primljeno: 17. 11. 1998. Paolo Agostini University of Padova [email protected] LANGUAGE RECONSTRUCTION – APPLIED TO THE URALIC LANGUAGES* SUMMARY After pointing out the shortcomings and methodological weakness of the general theory of linguistic reconstruction, the author disputes the alleged antiquity of Uralic. Proto-Uralic as recon- structed by the scholars seems to be the sum of a set of features belonging to several distinct language families. The paper examines a number of lexical concordances with historically attested languages and comes to the conclusion that the Proto-Uralic word-stock is the result of a sum of borrowings that took place from the most disparate languages: Balto-Slavic, Old Swedish, several Turkic dialects, Mongolic, Tunguz, Aramaic, Hebrew, Arabic, late Middle Persian dialects, Byzantine Greek and Latin. Yet, other languages may also come into account: Chinese, Caucasian languages as well as lan- guages unknown in present day are possible candidates. A large number of bases of the Uralic word- stock can be easily identified by following a few phonological constraints. The linguistic features of the Uralic daughter-languages seem to show that they originated from a pidgin language spoken along the merchant routes that connected the Silk Road to North- and East-European trade. It is a well-known phenomenon that sometimes, when groups of people speaking different languages come into contact for the first time, a new restricted language system (lingua franca or pidgin) comes into being in order to cater to essential common needs. -
Cahiers Du Monde Russe, 52\/2-3
Cahiers du monde russe Russie - Empire russe - Union soviétique et États indépendants 52/2-3 | 2011 L’URSS et la Seconde Guerre mondiale Stalin’s postwar border-making tactics East and West Les stratégies adoptées par Stalin dans l’après-guerre pour réviser les frontières orientales et occidentales David Wolff Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/monderusse/9334 DOI: 10.4000/monderusse.9334 ISSN: 1777-5388 Publisher Éditions de l’EHESS Printed version Date of publication: 15 November 2011 Number of pages: 273-291 ISBN: 978-2-7132-2352-5 ISSN: 1252-6576 Electronic reference David Wolff, « Stalin’s postwar border-making tactics », Cahiers du monde russe [Online], 52/2-3 | 2011, Online since 12 September 2014, Connection on 23 April 2019. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/ monderusse/9334 ; DOI : 10.4000/monderusse.9334 This text was automatically generated on 23 April 2019. © École des hautes études en sciences sociales Stalin’s postwar border-making tactics 1 Stalin’s postwar border-making tactics East and West Les stratégies adoptées par Stalin dans l’après-guerre pour réviser les frontières orientales et occidentales David Wolff 1 While Stalin changed the internal geography of the Soviet Union in the 1920s and 1930s, until 1939, there were few opportunities to move international borders.1 But by the time World War Two came to an end, with overwhelming personal, institutional, and raw military power, Stalin, who now spoke unselfconsciously in the name of the Soviet Union, prepared to adjust several borders in various ways, but all to Moscow’s immediate benefit. In this article, we will examine the Polish, Czechoslovakian, Hungarian, Romanian, Turkish, Iranian, Chinese, Mongolian and Japanese borders in order to catalog the ingredients that went into Stalinist border resolution, East and West. -
WUC Newsletter Page 1 NEWSLETTER NO.9 a PRIL 2011
WUC Newsletter Page 1 NEWSLETTER NO.9 A PRIL 2011 TOP STORY Urgency Resolution of the European Parliament on the Situation and Cultural Heritage in Kashgar Pic: National Geographic MEDIA WORK WUC Expresses its Solidarity with Japan Letter to German Minister of Foreign Affairs WUC on Twitter FEATURED PAST EVENTS Publication of First Dutch-Uyghur Dictionary ARTICLES Tibetan National Uprising Day: Demonstration in The Hague Uyghur Newruz Celebrations World Day Against Cyber-Censorship: New RWB Report Human Rights 3rd Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy WUC Project Coordinator at Interfaith International Event Violations Meetings with UN Special Mandate Holders Against Uyghurs Uyghur Human Rights Project at Dutch Parliament Discussed Worldwide Readings for Liu Xiaobo During UN Uyghur Leadership Training Seminar, Australia WUC Secretary General in Japan Human Rights Conference on Central Asia, Berlin Council Rebiya Kadeer at Presentation of New Amnesty International Report UPCOMING EVENTS Second Uyghur Youth Meeting, Sweden New Death Exhibition Opening Sentences in Xinjiang or East Turkestan? Thoughts on the Uyghur Homeland Second Uyghur Youth Meeting in Sweden East Turkestan East Turkestan Uyghur Summit World Press Freedom Day 2011 HIGHLIGHTED MEDIA ARTICLES AND REPORTS ON UYGHUR RELATED ISSUES Tursunjan Hezim Given 7 Years Uyghur Prisoner Mehmet Eli Rozi Denied Medical Care AI Report: Death sentences and executions in 2010 HRIC Releases Whitepaper on the Shanghai Cooperation Organization MORE MEDIA ARTICLES World Uyghur Congress I P.O. Box 310312 I 80103 Munich / Germany Tel: +49 (0) 89 5432 1999 I Fax: +49 (0) 89 5434 9789 I [email protected] I www.uyghurcongress.org TOP STORY WUC Newsletter Page 2 Urgency Resolution of the European Parliament on Safeguarding Kashgar The World Uyghur Congress (WUC) on discrimination is not only violating the behalf of the Uyghur community around the Uyghurs´ right to development, but is also world applauds the Urgency Resolution on increasing social tensions. -
Transport Impact Assessment
INNOVATIVE TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS Transport Impact Assessment Boulders Wind Farm Vredenburg, Western Cape November 2018 5th Floor, Imperial Terraces Carl Cronje Drive Tyger Waterfront Bellville, 7530 Tel: +27 (021) 914 6211 E-mail: [email protected] Boulders Wind Farm ITS 3997 November 2018 (Rev1) Report Type Transport Impact Assessment Title Boulders Wind Farm Client Savannah Environmental (Pty) Ltd Location Vredenburg, Western Cape Project Team Pieter Arangie Theodore Neels Reviewed by: Christoff Krogscheepers, Pr. Eng Project Number ITS 3997 Date November 2018 Report Status Revision 1 File Name: G:\3997 TIS Boulders Wind Energy Facility, Vredenburg\12 Report\Issued\3997 Boulders Wind Energy Facility_Vredenburg - TIA_Revision1_PA_2018-11-22.docx This transport impact study was prepared in accordance with the South African Traffic Impact and Site Traffic Assessment Manual (TMH 26, COTO, Aug 2012), by a suitably qualified and registered professional traffic engineer. Details of any of the calculations on which the results in this report are based will be made available on request. i Boulders Wind Farm ITS 3997 November 2018 (Rev1) Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 2.0 LOCALITY ..................................................................................................................... 1 3.0 PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT ...................................................................................... 1 4.0 TRAFFIC -
Pan-Turkism and Geopolitics of China
PAN-TURKISM AND GEOPOLITICS OF CHINA David Babayan* Introduction People’s Republic of China (PRC) is currently one of the most powerful and dy- namically developing countries of the world. The economic development of the country is particularly impressive, as explicitly reflected in key economic indices, such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP). For instance, China’s GDP in 2007 was $3.43 trillion1, and in 2010 it already amounted to $6 trillion2. The foreign trade volume of the country also grows at astronomical rates. In 1982 it was $38.6 bil- lion3, in 2002 – $620.8 billion, and in 2010 totaled to almost $3 trillion4. According to Sha Zukang, United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Economic and Social Affairs, China’s economic development is a sustained fast growth rare in modern world history5. Some experts even believe that while the first thirty years of China’s eco- nomic reforms program was about joining the world, the story of the next thirty years will be about how China reaches out and shapes the world6. Chinese analysts calculate the standing of nations by measuring “comprehensive national strength” of these nations7. This method relies on measuring four subsystems of a country’s national power: (1) material or hard power (natural resources, economy, science * Ph.D., History. 1 “China’s GDP grows 11.4 percent in 2007,” Xinhua, http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-01/24/ content_7485388.htm, January 24, 2008. 2 Chen Yongrong, “China's economy expands faster in 2010, tightening fears grow”, Xinhua, http:// news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-01/20/c_13699250.htm, January 20, 2011. -
Genealogy of the Concept of Securitization and Minority Rights
THE KURD INDUSTRY: UNDERSTANDING COSMOPOLITANISM IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY by ELÇIN HASKOLLAR A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School – Newark Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Global Affairs written under the direction of Dr. Stephen Eric Bronner and approved by ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ Newark, New Jersey October 2014 © 2014 Elçin Haskollar ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION The Kurd Industry: Understanding Cosmopolitanism in the Twenty-First Century By ELÇIN HASKOLLAR Dissertation Director: Dr. Stephen Eric Bronner This dissertation is largely concerned with the tension between human rights principles and political realism. It examines the relationship between ethics, politics and power by discussing how Kurdish issues have been shaped by the political landscape of the twenty- first century. It opens up a dialogue on the contested meaning and shape of human rights, and enables a new avenue to think about foreign policy, ethically and politically. It bridges political theory with practice and reveals policy implications for the Middle East as a region. Using the approach of a qualitative, exploratory multiple-case study based on discourse analysis, several Kurdish issues are examined within the context of democratization, minority rights and the politics of exclusion. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, archival research and participant observation. Data analysis was carried out based on the theoretical framework of critical theory and discourse analysis. Further, a discourse-interpretive paradigm underpins this research based on open coding. Such a method allows this study to combine individual narratives within their particular socio-political, economic and historical setting. -
Flower Route Map 2014 LR
K o n k i e p en w R31 Lö Narubis Vredeshoop Gawachub R360 Grünau Karasburg Rosh Pinah R360 Ariamsvlei R32 e N14 ng Ora N10 Upington N10 IAi-IAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park Augrabies N14 e g Keimoes Kuboes n a Oranjemund r Flower Hotlines O H a ib R359 Holgat Kakamas Alexander Bay Nababeep N14 Nature Reserve R358 Groblershoop N8 N8 Or a For up-to-date information on where to see the Vioolsdrif nge H R27 VIEWING TIPS best owers, please call: Eksteenfontein a r t e b e e Namakwa +27 (0)79 294 7260 N7 i s Pella t Lekkersing t Brak u West Coast +27 (0)72 938 8186 o N10 Pofadder S R383 R383 Aggeneys Flower Hour i R382 Kenhardt To view the owers at their best, choose the hottest Steinkopf R363 Port Nolloth N14 Marydale time of the day, which is from 11h00 to 15h00. It’s the s in extended ower power hour. Respect the ower Tu McDougall’s Bay paradise: Walk with care and don’t trample plants R358 unnecessarily. Please don’t pick any buds, bulbs or N10 specimens, nor disturb any sensitive dune areas. Concordia R361 R355 Nababeep Okiep DISTANCE TABLE Prieska Goegap Nature Reserve Sun Run fels Molyneux Buf R355 Springbok R27 The owers always face the sun. Try and drive towards Nature Reserve Grootmis R355 the sun to enjoy nature’s dazzling display. When viewing Kleinzee Naries i R357 i owers on foot, stand with the sun behind your back. R361 Copperton Certain owers don’t open when it’s overcast. -
US Responses to Self-Determination Movements
U.S. RESPONSES TO SELF-DETERMINATION MOVEMENTS Strategies for Nonviolent Outcomes and Alternatives to Secession Report from a Roundtable Held in Conjunction with the Policy Planning Staff of the U.S. Department of State Patricia Carley UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE CONTENTS Key Points v Preface viii 1 Introduction 1 2 Self-Determination: Four Case Studies 3 3 Self-Determination, Human Rights, and Good Governance 14 4 A Case for Secession 17 5 Self-Determination at the United Nations 21 6 Nonviolent Alternatives to Secession: U.S. Policy Options 23 7 Conclusion 28 About the Author 29 About the Institute 30 v refugees from Iraq into Turkey heightened world awareness of the Kurdish issue in general and highlighted Kurdish distinctiveness. The forma- tion in the 1970s in Turkey of the Kurdistan Workers Party, or PKK, a radical and violent Marxist-Leninist organization, also intensified the issue; the PKK’s success in rallying the Kurds’ sense of identity cannot be denied. Though the KEY POINTS PKK has retreated from its original demand for in- dependence, the Turks fear that any concession to their Kurdish population will inevitably lead to an end to the Turkish state. - Although the Kashmir issue involves both India’s domestic politics and its relations with neighbor- ing Pakistan, the immediate problem is the insur- rection in Kashmir itself. Kashmir’s inclusion in the state of India carried with it provisions for considerable autonomy, but the Indian govern- ment over the decades has undermined that au- tonomy, a process eventually resulting in - Though the right to self-determination is included anti-Indian violence in Kashmir in the late 1980s. -
A Case Study of the Kurds, the Olivia Q
Tulsa Journal of Comparative and International Law Volume 2 | Issue 1 Article 5 9-1-1994 Need for an Independent International Mechanism to Protect Group Rights: A Case Study of the Kurds, The Olivia Q. Goldman Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tjcil Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Olivia Q. Goldman, Need for an Independent International Mechanism to Protect Group Rights: A Case Study of the Kurds, The, 2 Tulsa J. Comp. & Int'l L. 45 (1994). Available at: http://digitalcommons.law.utulsa.edu/tjcil/vol2/iss1/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by TU Law Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Tulsa Journal of Comparative and International Law by an authorized administrator of TU Law Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE NEED FOR AN INDEPENDENT INTERNATIONAL MECHANISM TO PROTECT GROUP RIGHTS: A CASE STUDY OF THE KURDS Olivia Q. Goldman* Democracy within nations requires respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms, as set forth in the [United Nations] Charter. It requires as well a deeper understanding and respect for the rights of minorities and respect for the needs of the more vulnerable groups of society, ....This is not only a political matter. The social stability needed for productive growth is nurtured by conditions in which people can readily express their will.' I. INTRODUCTION The responsibility of states toward groups within their territory has come under increased debate within members of the international community. Despite the adoption by the United Nations of the most definitive statement to date on group rights, the repression of groups remains unabated. -
LARSON-DISSERTATION-2020.Pdf
THE NEW “OLD COUNTRY” THE KINGDOM OF YUGOSLAVIA AND THE CREATION OF A YUGOSLAV DIASPORA 1914-1951 BY ETHAN LARSON DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2020 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Maria Todorova, Chair Professor Peter Fritzsche Professor Diane Koenker Professor Ulf Brunnbauer, University of Regensburg ABSTRACT This dissertation reviews the Kingdom of Yugoslavia’s attempt to instill “Yugoslav” national consciousness in its overseas population of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, as well as resistance to that same project, collectively referred to as a “Yugoslav diaspora.” Diaspora is treated as constructed phenomenon based on a transnational network between individuals and organizations, both emigrant and otherwise. In examining Yugoslav overseas nation-building, this dissertation is interested in the mechanics of diasporic networks—what catalyzes their formation, what are the roles of international organizations, and how are they influenced by the political context in the host country. The life of Louis Adamic, who was a central figure within this emerging network, provides a framework for this monograph, which begins with his arrival in the United States in 1914 and ends with his death in 1951. Each chapter spans roughly five to ten years. Chapter One (1914-1924) deals with the initial encounter between Yugoslav diplomats and emigrants. Chapter Two (1924-1929) covers the beginnings of Yugoslav overseas nation-building. Chapter Three (1929-1934) covers Yugoslavia’s shift into a royal dictatorship and the corresponding effect on its emigration policy.