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Administración GNU/Linux – Nivel I MATE DESKTOP ENVIRONMENT Integrantes: • Ferrari, Juan Pablo – [email protected] • Medrano, Claudio Damian – [email protected] 1 Administración GNU/Linux – Nivel I Copyright (C) 2013 Ferrari Juan, Medrano Claudio. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". 2 Administración GNU/Linux – Nivel I Índice de contenido • Introducción.............................................................................4 • Definición.................................................................................5 • Aplicaciones.............................................................................5 • Instalación................................................................................7 • Debian.............................................................................8 • Ubuntu.............................................................................9 • Conclusión................................................................................11 • Bibliografía................................................................................12 • GNU Free Documentation License............................................13 3 Administración GNU/Linux – Nivel I Introducción El lanzamiento de GNOME 3 fue un gran cambio que no todos aceptaron. Como alternativa de GNOME Shell, Canonical lanzo Unity con la misma aceptación y rechazo que GNOME. Esto resulta comprensible dado que los usuarios de GNOME acostumbrados a un aspecto y concepto de casi mas de diez años no asimilarían el cambio de un día a otro. No hace mucho el creador de Linux Mint comentaba esta situación, de no sentirse a gusto ni con Unity ni con Gnome Shell y veía la alternativa de crear un fork1 de Gnome 2. Incluso el mismo Linus Torvalds se posiciona como uno de los principales detractores de Gnome 3, habiéndose cambiado a Xfce2. De esta manera nació MATE. El responsable del proyecto MATE es Germán Perugorría, que nació y vive en Cipolletti, Provincia de Río Negro, Argentina. Germán es muy conocido en el ambiente del software libre y se lo conoce por su sobrenombre “@Perberos”. MATE es un fork del entorno de escritorio GNOME y se encuentra en su versión 2.3X, la cual es compatible con GTK+ 2.0 La tarea principal que encaró Germán, fue tratar de no perder la retrocompatibilidad que había hasta el proyecto de Gnome 2, tomó todo el código básico para que funcione un Escritorio, actualizó ese código y lo adaptó a las nuevas versiones de las librerías. 1 Fork: Creación de un proyecto en una dirección distinta de la principal u oficial tomando el código fuente del proyecto ya existente. 2 Xfce: Es un entorno de escritorio ligero para sistemas tipo UNIX. Su objetivo es ser rápido y de bajos recursos del sistema, sin dejar de ser visualmente atractivo y fácil de usa. 4 Administración GNU/Linux – Nivel I Definición Es un ambiente de escritorio derivado del código base, actualmente descontinuado, de GNOME 2. El nombre proviene de la yerba mate, una especie de acebo, una planta nativa de Sudamérica subtropical que se utiliza para preparar una bebida muy popular y energizante llamada mate. El nuevo nombre fue necesario para evitar conflictos con componentes de GNOME 3. Aplicaciones Numerosas aplicaciones de Gnome fueron derivadas y renombradas: Caja Caja es el gestor de archivos oficial del escritorio MATE. Permite navegar por los directorios, previsualizar archivos y ejecutar las aplicaciones asociadas con ellos. También es responsable del manejo de los iconos en el escritorio MATE. Funciona en sistemas de archivos locales y remotos. Caja es un fork de Nautilus. Algunas de las mejoras con respecto a Nautilus son: • Mejora en la barra lateral. • Nuevo marco y soporte para la nueva especificación de los thumbnails3. • Los fondos de pantalla se encuentran en cache para una mejor administración de memoria. • Nuevo diálogo de conexión a servidores de Nautilus 3. 3 Thumbnails : es un programa sin interfaz de usuario que toma como entrada un archivo y un tamaño de píxel y escribe una miniatura para ese archivo. 5 Administración GNU/Linux – Nivel I Pluma Pluma es un editor de texto que soporta la mayoría de las características del editor estándar, extendiendo estas características básicas con otras normalmente no encontradas en simples editores de texto. Pluma es una aplicación gráfica que permite editar varios archivos de texto en una ventana. Entre sus conjunto de características básicas incluyen resaltado de sintaxis del código fuente, sangría automática y previsualización de la impresión. Pluma es un fork de Gedit. Eye of MATE Es un visor de imágenes simple para el escritorio MATE que utiliza la librería gdk-pixbuf. Se puede tratar con grandes imágenes, zoom y desplazarse con el uso de la memoria constante. Sus objetivos son la simplicidad y el cumplimiento de las normas. Eye of MATE es un fork de Eye de GNOME. Atril Atril es un visor de documentos de páginas múltiples simple. Puede visualizar e imprimir PostScript (PS), Encapsulated PostScript (EPS), DJVU, DVI and Portable Document Format (PDF) files. También permite la búsqueda de texto, copiar texto al portapapeles, entre otros. Atril es un fork de Evince. 6 Administración GNU/Linux – Nivel I Engrampa Es un gestor de archivos para el entorno MATE. Permite crear y modificar archivos, ver el contenido de un archivo, ver un fichero contenido en un archivo, extraer fichero del archivo. Engrampa es un fork de File-Roller. MATE Terminal Es una aplicación de emulación de terminal que puede utilizar para realizar las siguientes acciones: acceso a un shell de UNIX en el entorno de MATE, ejecutar cualquier aplicación que está diseñado para ejecutarse en VT102, VT220 y xterm terminals. MATE Terminal cuenta con la capacidad de utilizar múltiples terminales en una sola ventana y perfiles de soporte. Terminal MATE es un fork de GNOME Terminal. Instalación MATE se encuentra en los repositorios oficiales de las siguientes distribuciones de Linux: • Fedora • Linux Mint • Sabayon • Salix A continuación se describirá como instalar MATE en Ubunto y Debian, ya que como habrás notado estos no se encuentran en el repositorio oficial. 7 Administración GNU/Linux – Nivel I 1 Debian 1.1 Debian Wheezy Editar la lista de repositorios en /etc/apt/sources.list : # main repository deb http://repo.mate-desktop.org/debian wheezy main # mirrors deb http://packages.mate-desktop.org/repo/debian wheezy main deb http://mirror1.mate-desktop.org/debian wheezy main 1.2 Debian Jessie Editar la lista de repositorios en /etc/apt/sources.list : # main repository deb http://repo.mate-desktop.org/debian jessie main # mirrors deb http://packages.mate-desktop.org/repo/debian jessie main deb http://mirror1.mate-desktop.org/debian jessie main A continuación ejecutar los siguientes comando para actualizar los repositorios e instalar MATE: apt-get update apt-get install mate-archive-keyring apt-get update # Ahora para instalar MATE elegir una de la tres opciones de abajo # Instala los paquetes basicos apt-get install mate-core # Instala mate-core y extras apt-get install mate-desktop-environment # Instala mate-core, mate-desktop-environment y extras apt-get install mate-desktop-environment-extra 8 Administración GNU/Linux – Nivel I 2 Ubuntu 2.1 Ubuntu Precise Pangolin (12.04) Editar la lista de repositorios y agregar uno de los siguientes mirrors en /etc/apt/sources.list: deb http://packages.mate-desktop.org/repo/ubuntu precise main deb http://repo.mate-desktop.org/ubuntu precise main deb http://mirror1.mate-desktop.org/ubuntu precise main 2.2 Ubuntu Quantal Quetzal (12.10) Editar la lista de repositorios y agregar uno de los siguientes mirrors en /etc/apt/sources.list: deb http://packages.mate-desktop.org/repo/ubuntu quantal main deb http://repo.mate-desktop.org/ubuntu quantal main deb http://mirror1.mate-desktop.org/ubuntu quantal main 2.3 Ubuntu Raring Ringtail (13.04) Editar la lista de repositorios y agregar uno de los siguientes mirrors en /etc/apt/sources.list: deb http://packages.mate-desktop.org/repo/ubuntu raring main deb http://repo.mate-desktop.org/ubuntu raring main 9 Administración GNU/Linux – Nivel I deb http://mirror1.mate-desktop.org/ubuntu raring main A continuación ejecutar los siguientes comando para actualizar los repositorios e instalar MATE: sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mate-archive-keyring sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install mate-core sudo apt-get install mate-desktop-environment 10 Administración GNU/Linux – Nivel I Conclusión Elegimos este tema porque el proyecto fue iniciado por un argentino, y hoy en día cuenta con un gran grupo de personas que se encargan de mejorarlo y actualizarlo permanentemente. Nos parece una gran alternativa ya que conserva la estructura de GNOME 2, pero a su vez presenta mejoras en las distintas aplicaciones en cuanto a la interfaz y a la funcionalidad de los mismos. Estas características le da un valor agregado ya que permite que se adecue a los tiempos de hoy. En cuanto a la instalación nos resulto sencillo y se llevo adelante en poco pasos. El único inconveniente es cuando se realiza la instalación en una distribución de GNU/Linux en la cual MATE no se encuentra en el repositorio oficial. Esto se debe a que el repositorio no posee firma
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