Spring Semester Project 2012 International Basic Studies, 3.1.1. Roskilde University ”Collaborative Culture at Roskilde Festival” Supervisor: Oleg Kofoed By Group 10: Thomas Køster Madsen, Michalis Dilintas Nielsen, Allan Mutuku Kortbæk, Edoardo Dougie Kevin Bottalico & Anne-Margreth Ingeborg Löffler 1 2 Abstract This project attempts to unveil how events such as the cultural phenomenon Roskilde Festival promotes and contributes towards collaborative culture, mainly through the discipline of History & Culture, but also through a philosophical account. The project gives an account of the term of collaborative culture using theorists such as Dave Pollard and Emile Durkheim, and how events and collaborative culture historically leads back to the Dionysian mysteries, using Bakhtin, Nietzsche and Harsløv. Through Deleuze and Guattari, this project attempts to understand the event as a philosophical happening. Conclusively, this project sums up the importance of collaborative culture by analysing its' existence within the different elements of Roskilde Festival, and how it is the force that keeps all these elements together in a working structure. Danish Summary Dette projekt giver et bud på hvordan en begivenhed som det kulturelle fænomen Roskilde Festival, promoverer og bidrager til en såkaldt kollaborativ kultur, hvilket hovedsageligt bliver undersøgt gennem den historiske og kulturelle disciplin, men som også er filosofisk anlagt. Nemlig via en forklaring af termet kollaborativ kultur ved hjælp af teoretikere som Dave Pollard og Emile Durkheim, og hvordan visse begivenheder og kollaborativ kultur kan føre tilbage til de Dionysiske mysterier ved hjælp af Bakhtin, Nietzsche og Harsløv. Igennem Deleuze og Guattari forsøger dette projekt også at se på begivenheden som en filosofisk hændelse. I at projektet analyserer kollaborativ kulturs eksistens inden for de forskellige elementer af Roskilde Festival, konkluderes der at kollaborativ kultur for at være leddet, som forbinder alle festivalens elementer i én fungerende struktur. 3 Table of Contents 1. Introduction............................................................................................................................6 1.1 Problem Definition..........................................................................................................9 1.1.1 Research Questions..................................................................................................9 1.2 Aim ................................................................................................................................9 1.3 Motivation ....................................................................................................................10 1.4 Methodology..................................................................................................................11 1.5 Delimitations..................................................................................................................12 1.6 Dimensions....................................................................................................................13 1.7 Semester Theme ............................................................................................................14 2. Collaborative Culture...........................................................................................................16 3. Dionysian Mysteries.............................................................................................................21 3.1 The Structure of the Greek Mythological World...........................................................24 3.1.1 Dionysian Mysteries..............................................................................................25 3.1.1.1 Making Sense of Dionysian Mysteries...........................................................26 3.2 Festivals in Ancient Greece...........................................................................................27 3.2.1 Specific Festivals in Ancient Greece.....................................................................28 3.2.1.1 The Panathenaic Games.................................................................................29 3.2.1.2 The Dionysia..................................................................................................30 3.3 Apollonian and Dionysian.............................................................................................31 3.4 Catharsis........................................................................................................................34 3.5 Bakhtin's Carnevalesque................................................................................................35 4. The Festival..........................................................................................................................39 4.1 History ..........................................................................................................................39 4.2 The Festival as an Event................................................................................................41 4.2 General Aspects of the Festival.....................................................................................43 5. Roskilde Festival.................................................................................................................45 5.1 History of Roskilde Festival..........................................................................................45 5.1.1 Roskilde Festival Nowadays..................................................................................47 5.1.2 The Tragedy of 2000.............................................................................................48 5.2 Roskilde Festival 2001.................................................................................................49 5.3 Aspects of Roskilde Festival ........................................................................................51 5.3.1 Chaos and Order....................................................................................................51 6. Analysis................................................................................................................................54 6.1 Interrelation between Elements at Roskilde Festival.....................................................54 6.1.1 Chaos and Order at Roskilde Festival ...................................................................55 6.1.1.1 Safety Measures.............................................................................................56 6.1.1.2 Safety-Awareness...........................................................................................58 6.1.1.3 Environmental Infrastructure........................................................................60 6.1.1.4 Dream City.....................................................................................................61 6.1.2 Collaborative Culture and Safety Awareness.........................................................64 6.1.3 Collaborative Culture and History.........................................................................65 6.1.3 The Dionysia and Roskilde Festival......................................................................66 6.1.3.1 Apollonian and Dionysian..............................................................................68 6.1.3.2 The Concept of the Carnevalesque.................................................................69 7. Discussion and Evaluation...................................................................................................70 8. Conclusion............................................................................................................................72 4 9. Reflection of Theories..........................................................................................................76 10. Weaknesses.........................................................................................................................77 11. Source Criticism.................................................................................................................78 12. Further Research.................................................................................................................83 13. Bibliography.......................................................................................................................85 5 1. Introduction “The fence has been toppled!” A group of youngsters suddenly roar from inside the queue. Two of them bulldoze across the downed fence, tarpaulins in hand. “See you in G46,” they shout, and are already well on their way across the camping area. Initially, there’s is a wild sense of confusion. Most people have brought sleeping bags, food and music. The group is nowhere near ready for the traditional race for the best camp sites because this year, without warning, the fence was toppled early- almost eleven hours earlier than anticipated.” (Marling & Kiib, 2011) . It is late June and spring is in full swing as the summer looms temptingly on the horizon. The air around the town of Roskilde is heavy with the whiff of excitement, expectation and electricity, as thousands of people make their way in small packs towards the annual Roskilde Festival, one of Northern Europe's largest cultural events on the calendar. For many, Roskilde Festival has become something of an annual pilgrimage whilst for others, many of whom are still in their teens, this will be the first time they will be participants