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REPORT ON A PROGRAMME OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL TRIAL TRENCHING LINCOLN EASTERN BYPASS, LINCOLNSHIRE. NGR: TF 0050 7335 - SK 9885 6655 Planning Ref. N/A Accession No. 2003.241 Report prepared for Babtie Group, on behalf of Lincolnshire County Council by Jim Rylatt February 2004 Pre-Construct Archaeology (Lincoln) Unit G William Street Business Park Saxilby Lincoln LN1 2LP Tel. & Fax. 01522 703800 Pre-Construct Archaeology (Lincoln) PRE-CONSTRUCT ARCHAEOLOGY LINCOLNL I N C O L N Contents List of illustrations viii Summary 1 1.0 Introduction 3 2.1 Location and description 3 2.2 Geology 6 3.0 Planning background 6 4.0 Archaeological and historical background 9 4.1 Area A 9 4.2 Areas C, D, E, F & G 10 4.3 Areas H & I 15 5.0 Methodology 16 6.0 Results 18 6.1 Field A1 18 Trench 1 18 Trench 2 18 Trench 3 19 Trench 4 19 6.2 Field A2 20 Trench 5 20 Trench 6 20 6.3 Field A3 21 Trench 7 21 Trench 8 22 Trench 9 22 Trench 10 23 6.4 Field A4 23 Trench 11 23 Trench 12 24 Trench 13 24 6.5 Field A5 24 Trench 14 24 Trench 15 25 Trench 16 26 Trench 17 27 Trench 18 29 ii Trench 19 29 Trench 20 30 6.6 Field A6 31 Trench 21 31 6.7 Field A7 31 Trench 22 31 Trench 23 32 Trench 24 32 Trench 25 32 6.8 Field C1 33 Trench 26 33 Trench 27 34 Trench 28 35 Trench 29 35 Trench 30 36 Trench 31 37 6.9 Field C2 37 Trench 32 37 6.10 Field D1 38 Trench 137 38 Trench 138 38 Trench 139 39 Trench 140 40 Trench 141 40 Trench 142 41 6.11 Field D2 41 Trench 143 41 Trench 144 43 Trench 145 46 Trench 146 47 Trench 147 47 Trench 148 48 Trench 149 48 Trench 150 49 Trench 151 49 6.12 Field D3 50 iii Trench 152 50 Trench 153 51 6.13 Field E 52 Trench 33 52 Trench 34 53 Trench 35 56 6.14 Field F 57 Trench 36 57 Trench 37 58 Trench 38 60 Trench 39 66 Trench 40 67 Trench 41 68 Trench 42 71 6.15 Field G1 74 Trench 43 74 Trench 44 74 Trench 45 76 Trench 46 76 Trench 47 77 Trench 48 78 6.16 Field G1a 78 Trench 49 78 6.17 Field G2 78 Trench 50 78 Trench 51 79 Trench 52 79 Trench 53 79 Trench 54 80 Trench 55 80 Trench 56 81 Trench 57 82 Trench 58 82 Trench 59 82 6.18 Field G3 83 Trench 60 83 iv Trench 61 84 Trench 62 85 Trench 63 85 Trench 64 85 Trench 65 86 Trench 66 87 Trench 67 87 Trench 68 87 6.19 Field H1 87 Trench 69 87 Trench 70 88 Trench 71 88 6.20 Field H2 89 Trench 72 89 Trench 73 89 Trench 74 89 Trench 75 90 Trench 76 90 6.21 Field H3 90 Trench 77 90 Trench 78 91 Trench 79 91 Trench 80 92 Trench 81 92 6.22 Field H4 92 Trench 82 92 Trench 83 93 Trench 84 93 6.23 Field I1 93 Trench 85 93 Trench 86 94 Trench 87 94 Trench 88 95 Trench 89 95 Trench 90 95 Trench 91 96 v 6.24 Field I2 96 Trench 92 96 Trench 93 97 Trench 94 97 Trench 95 97 Trench 96 99 Trench 97 99 6.25 Field I3 99 Trench 98 99 Trench 99 100 Trench 100 100 Trench 101 100 Trench 102 100 Trench 103 101 Trench 104 101 6.26 Field I4 101 Trench 105 101 Trench 106 102 Trench 107 102 Trench 108 102 Trench 109 102 6.27 Field I5 102 Trench 110 102 Trench 111 103 Trench 112 103 Trench 113 103 Trench 114 103 6.28 Field I6 103 Trench 115 103 Trench 116 105 Trench 117 105 6.29 Field I7 105 Trench 118 105 Trench 119 105 Trench 120 105 Trench 121 106 vi Trench 122 106 Trench 123 106 Trench 124 106 Trench 125 107 6.30 Field I8 107 Trench 126 107 Trench 127 107 Trench 128 108 Trench 129 108 Trench 130 108 Trench 131 109 6.31 Field I9 109 Trench 132 109 Trench 133 110 Trench 134 110 Trench 135 111 Trench 136 111 7.0 Interpretation and discussion 124 7.1 Field A1 124 7.2 Field A2 125 7.3 Field A3 125 7.4 Field A4 126 7.5 Field A5 127 7.6 Field A6 and Field A7 128 7.7 Field C1 130 7.8 Field C2 131 7.9 Field D1 132 7.10 Field D2 and Field D3 133 7.11 Field E 135 7.12 Field F 137 7.13 Field G1 and Field G1a 141 7.14 Field G2 142 7.15 Field G3 143 7.16 Field H1 and Field H2 145 7.17 Field H3 146 7.18 Field H4 147 vii 7.19 Field I1 and Field I2 148 7.20 Field I3, Field I4 and Field I5 149 7.21 Field I6 150 7.22 Field I7 151 7.23 Field I8 and Field I9 152 8.0 Conclusions 154 8.1 Recommendations for further work 155 9.0 Effectiveness of methodology 156 10.0 Site archive 156 11.0 Acknowledgements 156 12.0 References 158 Tables Table 1 Summary of the solid and drift geology, detailing the uppermost strata 7 encountered in each unit of land that is crossed by the proposed bypass route. Table 2 Summary of the elements of the north-south post row exposed in and adjacent 42 to Trench 143. Table 3 Summary of the results of the trial trenching undertaken along the proposed 112 route of the Lincoln Eastern Bypass. Part II: List of illustrations Fig. 1 Location of proposed route (in red) with detailed trench location figures highlighted in blue (scale 1:25,000). Fig. 2 Location of Trenches 01 - 10 superimposed over detailed gradiometer survey results at scale 1:2500. Fig. 3 Location of Trenches 11 - 25 superimposed over detailed gradiometer survey results at scale 1:2500. Fig. 4 Location of Trenches 26 - 32 and 137 - 153 superimposed over detailed gradiometer survey results at scale 1:2500. Fig. 5 Location of Trenches 26 – 32 and 137 - 153 superimposed over resistivity survey results at scale 1:2500. Fig. 6 Location of Trenches 33 - 42 superimposed over detailed gradiometer survey results at scale 1:2500. Fig. 7 Location of Trenches 33 - 42 superimposed over resistivity survey results at scale 1:2500. Fig. 8 Location of Trenches 43 - 68 superimposed over detailed gradiometer survey results at scale 1:2500. Fig. 9 Location of Trenches 69 - 84 superimposed over detailed gradiometer survey results at scale 1:2500. Fig. 10 Location of Trenches 85 - 104 superimposed over detailed gradiometer survey results at scale 1:2500. viii Fig. 11 Location of Trenches 105 - 117 superimposed over detailed gradiometer survey results at scale 1:2500. Fig. 12 Location of Trenches 118-136 superimposed over detailed gradiometer survey results at scale 1:2500. Fig. 13 Extract from the Ordnance Survey First Edition 6”: 1 mile (1: 10,560) map, sheet LXXI.NE, of 1889-90 (survey conducted 1885); reproduced at c. 1: 10,000. Fig. 14 Trench 1 plan and sections (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 15 Trench 2 plan and section (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 16 Trench 3 plan and section (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 17 Trench 4 plan and section (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 18 Trench 5 plan and section (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 19 Trench 6 plan (scale 1:50). Fig. 20 Trench 6 sections (located on fig .19) (scale 1:20). Fig. 21 Trench 7 plan and sections (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 22 Trench 8 representative section (scale 1:20). Fig. 23 Trench 9 plan and section (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 24 Extract from the Ordnance Survey First Edition 6”: 1 mile (1: 10,560) map of 1889- 90 (survey conducted 1885); reproduced at c. 1: 7,500. Fig. 25 Trench 10 representative section (scale 1:20). Fig. 26 Trench 11 plan and section (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 27 Trench 12 representative section (scale 1:20). Fig. 28 Trench 13 representative section (scale 1:20). Fig. 29 Trench 14 representative section (scale 1:20). Fig. 30 Trench 15 plan and sections (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 31 Trench 16 plan and sections (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 32 Trench 17 plan and section (scale 1:50). Fig. 33 Trench 18 plan and sections (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 34 Trench 19 plan and section (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 35 Trench 20 plan and section (scale 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 36 Trench 21 plan and sections. Main plan at 1:100 with close ups at 1:50, sections at 1:20. Fig. 37 Trench 22 representative plan and section (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 38 Trench 23 plan and section (scales 1:50 and 1:20). Fig. 39 Aerial photograph of the section of the Lower Witham Valley that is traversed by the proposed route of Lincoln Eastern Bypass. Fig. 40 Trench 24 plan and sections (scales 1:50 and 1:20).

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