( Import and Export Trade for 1887
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CEYLON CUSTOMS MALE. 415 the products of the coconut palm will more than compensate. Tea exports reached 13,834,000 lb. last year, of which 2 lb. went to Salonica! China will yet be ranked with Australia amongst our customers. The export of tea very nearly doubled in 1887 as compared with 18813, and the process is likely to be repeated in 1888. But say that we export only 21 millions of pounds. If the valuation remains at 60 cents per lb., the total sum in the accounts for tea will be R14,100,000. Even should the .local value be reduced to 55 cents, tea will still rank first in our exports, unless the values of products of the palm tree are aggregated. —It is not tea alone or the accompanying new products," cinchona, cacao and cardamoms, which mark a revolution in the export trade of Ceylon. Who, ten years ago, would have seriously anticipated that the value of Ceylon produce exported would have been appreciably swelled by such an item as Nuwara Eliya brewed beer I The lesson taught us is, that, while taking a properly sober view of our resources, we should not unduly under-estimate those which are still undeveloped,—or the possibilities of our future.* The history of the rise and decadence of coffee and the replacing of the refreshing berry by the fragrant leaf in Ceylon will, we repeat, rank high in the chapter on the romance of commerce. Let us hope that " decadence " may never be written in association with tea. It is not merely the trade of Ceylon, but the navigation which the great harbour at Colombo has attracted, that is furthering the prosperity of this— in a geographical sense —Britain of the east. The increase in tonnage inwards since 1885 has been from 1,823,000 to 2,071,000, an increase of 218,C00 tons in two years. A considerable number of steamers called at Colombo and some at Gable mainly to coal, a branch of our trade which is likely to go on increasing. If the imports of coals have not increased in proportion to the increased resort of steamers, readers will not, of course, forget, that, by means of double and triple expansion engines and other improvements in recently built mail and merchant steamers, one ton of coal now performs the duty for which two perhaps were necessary about a decade back. It is not the port and town of Colombo and the immediate neighbourhood, be it noted, which exclusively benefit by the greatly increased resort of mail, mercantile and calling steamers to the grand harbour. The benefits extend to all interests in the colony. Mail steamers and steamers which call mainly to coal, and which, in the latter case, are glad of a little cargo to drop here or carry away, are all competing for the freight we have to offer, As a result, not only the tea, cinchona, cacao, and other products of the European capitalists, but such absolutely native or largely native products as are yielded by the coconut and areka palms, the cinnamon shrub, the lemon grass and the plumbago mince are carried to the ports of sale at rates the lewest which can be possibly remunerative to the owners of the vast fleets, which, by their resort to our harbour, have rendered Colombo one of the leading emporia of trade and navigation in the world, as it is the capital of a colony which will soon again rank as beyond compare the most flourishing of the dependencies directly governed by the Crown and worthy of comparison with those founded and ruled by men of European race. " CU11108ITIE8 OF THE CEYLON CUSTOMSJ" (www.historyofceylontea.com)OUR IMPORT AND EXPORT TRADE FOR 1887. Grimly dry and forbidding as the fifty-eight tabular pages of closely printed figures look in which the Collector of Customs embodies the Statistics of the Import and Export Trade of Ceylon for 1887, there are yet a great itiikuy facts interesting to all classes of the community to be picked up among them, if only the returns are carefully examined. We propose to run over some of the composra*ivoly minor headings in these annual returns, and to select for the edification of our readers figures which may he considered to represent more or less "Curiosities of the Customs." And first we have the FOOD RE- fr361TEA introduced—apart from the enormous grain importation, in value amount. ing to over twenty-one and a•balf millions of rupees in 1887 (with which we shall de ti separately). let us take LIVE SToox first, and see how, in respect of a supply of beef, mutton, and poultry, the Sinhalese, Tamils, and even Eurasians and Europeans have plenty of scope for supplying a local market anal saving money • In geld, for instance, if capital and enterprise are applied to the deep mining of our auriferous quartz. Our Government ought ti indent on Australia for the use of a diamond drill with the services of a mining expert, to search for gold and also new plutobago deposits. fi See fill-sheet rages 414a-6 and far compari,laa ,7I .sheet pages 430a.1+; 416 CURIOSITIES OF THE CtYLON CUSTOMS. now sent to India. Premia'ng that some of the imported cattle-not so ninny one woald think in these days -are used for transport purposes, the Import in 1897 was an enormous one at least for oxen, exc eding that of the previous year in value by nearly R55,000, and being as follows :-- Oxen and Bulls ... ... ... ... No. 5,618 valued at 8211,809 Cows . 38 11 Calves ... ... ... ... ... „ 12 11 Sheep and Lambs ... - ... .,. 49,247 Yr Poultry ... ... 108 packages and 2,290 doz. „ Total...11240311:2,L241 [Curieuely enough 2,139 oxen and bulls were sent frow Ceylon to India in 1887, be n4 valued at 1111,325 • while 4 were shipped to the 1-':tritits Settlements and wae valued at R250. ' These latter were probably for breeding purposes]. Of other FOOD RBQ UISITES from Europe as well as India, we imported in 1887, quantity and value, as follows :- Butter (7 owt. from Australia) ... 337 cwt. value 1139,057 Cheese (10 cwt. from Australia) ... 417 „ „ 29,239 Ham and Bacon (7 cwt. from Australia) 737 ,, ,, 51,657 Beef and Perk salted (3 cwt. from Australia) 210 „ „ 0,469 Biscuits ... ... 753 packages and 13 cwt. value R63,515 Confectionery and Preserves (nearly all from ludia)... 1,191 . packages and 2,979 „ „ 50,757 Oilmanstores ... ... ... 8,688 packages 202,868 Provisions " 2,154 packages, 234 bushels, and 635 cwt. lahle 19,563 Carry Stuffs (from India) 15 packages and 89,937 .,,, 6381:756402 Arrowroot ... ... ••• .77 pkgs. Sago (Straits chiefly) 11 packages and 2,462 cwt. Fish dried and salted (two-thirds from India, one-third from the Maldives) 146,450 „ 1,4;03641,18380:5i Ghee (India almost entirely) ... 916 „ 50,802 Flour (India almost entirely) ... 40,075 „ Onions (India) ... ... ... 67,926 „ 203,780 Potatoes (chiefly from India) .... 18,945 „ 142,090 Groundnuts (from India) 3,358 bushels and 737 „ A good deal of the money (1139,000 per annum) spent un butter594 ought to be saved now that the railway can carry it so quickly from the hills ; also the one and ahalf million rupees Bent to India for selt•tish should be greatly reduced by the establishment of the local industry in fish-curing had it only succeeded. Why also cannot Ceylon find her own " curry-stuffs" ? Onions and potatoes ought clearly to be more freely produced in this island, and the opening by the Nauuoya railway of the onuntry around Nit ware, Ehiya and on to Kandapola and Wilson's Bungalow should make a difference in the supply of all vegetables now imported for the use of consumers chiefly in Colombo. It is rather surprising to see that there is greater value (11203,780) of onions than of potatoes (11142,090) imported; but in each case there is surely room for and eiwouragement to the market gardener. Strange that Ceylon should import arecanuts, but so it is, and this to the amount of nearly 1110,000 from India. Coconuts also ti4nre for R7,565 from the Maldives, an 1 pepper flew Iudia for R19,477. But even more astonishing are some of the next series of imports we compile from these official accounts :- Ingn».led in 1887. TEA (from Straiis,.India and Hongkong) 1,110 Ile. ... 112,789 C‘tri..88 (from Straits and India) 32 pekgs. and 6,835 cwt. ... 89,259 Ctitihtmotis (from India)... 5 packages and 3;18 lb. ... 2,011 PM.' IT UI i pretlerVecl ( India and Australia) 320 pkgs. .. 2,958 Sue 405 ewt. ... 10,138 Sotc (from India) ... 1,257 packages and 5,267 „ ... 97,605 buchtu: candy and refined ... ... ... 16 855 n ... 505,668 ,.. i ) unreffied ... ... ..• • • • 111,016 o 294,152 „ palm and jac,mery ... ... ... 5, 576 ,, ... 27, 881 TOBACCO: cigars ... .•. ... ... 201341, lb. ... 300,621 „ 27 „ - 409 manufactured ... ... ... 98,1e0 i. - 78,894 11 ,„ is utunalittlsetured and hookah ... 95 6110 ,, 29,983 Total „.111,151,388 CURIOSITIES OF TEE CEYLON CUSTOMS 411 ilt. total value of this series is considerable, and there is surely room HI. 'ouch of it to be saved. As closely allied with cigars, we may mention an ilajunt of matches equal to 1154,273 in value., so that altogether sonic R473,000 per annum goes in smoke ! We trust this is the last time we shall have to record an import of tea beyond a very fewpounds for samples. The decrease since 1879, when 78,000 lb.