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Istighfar Dan Taubat Dalam Al-Qur'an

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Istighfar Dan Taubat Dalam Al-Qur'an ISTIGHFAR DAN TAUBAT DALAM AL-QUR’AN (Studi Penafsiran Al-Alûsî) SKRIPSI Diajukan Kepada Fakultas Ushuluddin Untuk Salah Satu Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Agama (S.Ag) Oleh: Muhammad Irwan Fadli NIM 11140340000277 PROGRAM STUDI ILMU AL-QUR’AN DAN TAFSIR FAKULTAS USHULUDDIN UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 1441 H/2019 M ABSTRAK Muhammad Irwan Fadli. Nim : 11140340000277. Istighfar Dan Taubat Dalam Al-Qur’an (Studi Penafsiran Al-Alûsî) Di dalam al-Qur’an Allah SWT banyak menyebutkan lafaz istighfar dan taubat baik tersendiri maupun dalam satu ayat. Istighfar dan taubat yang disebutkan tersendiri memiliki makna yang sama. Adapun istighfar disebutkan bersamaan memiliki makna yang berbeda tetapi memiliki satu tujuan. Hal ini sama seperti lafaz mukmin dan muslim atau fakir dan miskin. Dengan ini, penulis akan mengkaji ayat lafaz istighfar yang bersamaan dengan lafaz taubat. Supaya dapat mengetahui makna masing- masing dan tujuan dari keduanya. Terkait metode penelitian penulis ini termasuk dalam kategori kepustakaan (library research). Pendekatannya menggunakan pendekatan Tahlîlî (analisis) yakni dengan pengumpulan data dan mengadakan studi penelaahnya terhadap buku-buku dan literatur-literatur yang ada sehingga memperoleh data-data yang berhubungan dengan masalah yang akan dipecahkan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan penulis, maka diperoleh beberapa hasil yaitu Istighfar dan taubat dalam empat ayat yang telaah dikaji memiliki perbedaan makna satu dengan yang lainnya. Istighfar diartikan meminta ampun atas dosa-dosa yang telah dikerjakan, atau diartikan memohon ampun atas dasar keimanannya. Sedangkan taubat diartikan menyesal dan kembali agar tidak mengulangi dosa yang dilakukan, atau diartikan tawassul, yakni mendekatkan diri kepada Allah SWT. Bentuk Isyari dari penafsiran ayat ini tidak terdapat dalam penafsirannya. Kata Kunci : Taubat, Istighfar, Tahlîlî, Al-Alûsî i KATA PENGANTAR Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT. penulis panjatkan atas segala rahmat, karunia, taufiq, dan hidayat-Nya yang tidak mampu dihitung oleh hamba-Nya, sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Shalawat serta salam semoga selalu tercurahkan kepada baginda Nabi Muhammad SAW, rasul pilihan yang membawa cahaya penerang dengan ilmu pengetahuan. Semoga untaian doa tetap tercurahkan kepada keluarga, sahabat serta seluruh pengikutnya sampai akhir zaman. Alhamdulillâh, penulis bersyukur dapat menyelesaikan skripsi ini melalui upaya dan usaha selama menyusun skripsi ini. Meskipun dalam penulisan skripsi ini tidak lepas dari kekurangan dan kelemahan, karena kesempurnaan hanya milik Allah SWT semata. Dengan segala kerendahan hati penulis menyadari bahwa terselesaikan skripsi ini tidaklah semata atas usaha sendiri, namun berkat bantuan motivasi dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak. Untuk itu penulis ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada: 1. Ibu Prof. Dr. Hj Amany Burhanuddin Umar Lubis, Lc, MA, selaku Rektor UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, yang telah memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis untuk menempuh studi di UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.Bapak Dr. Yusuf Rahman, MA, selaku Dekan Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. ii iii 2. Bapak Dr, Eva Nugraha, M.Ag selaku ketua jurusan dan bapak Fahrizal Mahdi, Lc, MIRKH selaku sekretaris jurusan Ilmu al-Qur’an dan Tafsir Fakultas Ushuluddin UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Penulis berterima kasih, karena beliau telah membantu dan memberikan kesempatan kepada penulis melanjutkan studi S1. Semoga Allah SWT selalu memberikan kemudahan dari setiap langkah beliau. 3. Bapak Prof. Dr. Hamdani Anwar, MA, yang telah bersedia meluangkan waktunya untuk membimbing, memberikan arahan untuk segera terselesaikannya skripsi ini. Semoga bapak dan keluarga sehat selalu, panjang umur, dan murah rejeki. 4. Bapak Ustadz Ahmad Rifqi Muchtar, MA, selaku pembimbing akademik yang telah memberi saran dan masukan penulis selama perkuliahan S1 di UIN Jakarta. 5. Segenap seluruh dosen program Ilmu al-Qur’an dan Tafsir, penulis mengucapkan banyak terima kasih karena telah sabar dan ikhlas mendidik serta banyak memberikan berbagai macam ilmu kepada penulis. Semoga ilmu yang penulis dapatkan bermanfaat dunia dan akhirat. 6. Segenap kepala dan staff karyawan serta staff Perpustakaan Fakultas Ushuluddin dan karyawan Perpustakaan Umum UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Serta staff perpustakaan Iman Jama’, Perpustakaan Daerah Jakarta Selatan. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih banyak atas pelayanan pustaka dalam penulisan skripsi ini. iv 7. Teruntuk orang tuaku ayahanda Hadi Marwan dan ibunda Mardiyah yang selalu memberikan arahan dan dukungan baik berupa moril maupun materil serta doa yang tiada henti dari keduanya. Sehingga penulis dapat melanjutkan pendidikan ke jenjang perkuliahan sampai lulus. Kepada adik penulis yang bernama Pandji Mulawarman dan Imam Bukhori, kepada kakak sebapak penulis yang bernama Kakak Nur beserta suaminya, Kak Yani beserta suaminya, Abang Yanto beserta istrinya yang selalu membantu penulis. Semoga Allah SWT selalu meridhoi setiap langkahnya dan selalu melimpahkan Raḥmān dan Raḥīm- Nya kepada mereka. Āmīn Yā Rabbal’ālamīn. 8. Ust Aan yang telah meluangkan waktu untuk membantu penulis dalam menulis karya ilmiah ini. Semoga ust Aan dan keluarga selalu diberikan kesehatan dan keberkahan. 9. Keluarga besar alm H. Abdul Karim dan Hj. Masnah. Saya mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya atas suport dan motivasinya. Terutama kepada Ibu Hj. Diana Fitria dan alm Ust H. Ahmad Syarif S,Pdi. Serta kaka dari Ibu Diana yaitu Ibu Lisma dan suami. 10. Kawan-kawan penulis Adib, Mae, Tantri, Achi, Riha, Dwi, Eva dan kawan-kawan Th G 2014, 11. Kawan-kawan diskusi Azam, Chaidir, Rifqi, Imam Hudhori, Arif, Asywar, Syafi’i dll 12. Keluarga besar MSPP (Majelis Silaturrahmi Pemuda- Pemudi Pancoran) v 13. Kawan-kawan penyemangat dalam penulis menyusun Skripsi; Ira, Tata, Laila, Anzah, dll 14. Kawan-kawan ngopi (ngobrol pencari inspirasi) Syehu, Raja, Apri, Faikar, Adan, Kanzul, Fikry, Ali, Burhan, Anas, Amin, Mirza, Agung, Mbot, Iqbal, Elgi, Imam N, Roi, dll 15. Kawan-kawan jurusan Ilmu al-Qur’an dan Tafsir angkatan 2014 yang tidak bisa disebutkan satu persatu yang rela berbagi ilmu, tawa, canda serta support kepada penulis. Peneliti menyadari bahwa keilmuan dan wawasan peneliti masih sedikit, bilamana tulisan ini masih terdapat kekeliruan mohon dimaafkan. Akan tetapi peneliti sudah berusaha semaksimal mungkin dengan kemampuan yang ada untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Peneliti berharap tulisan ini bisa bermanfaat dan memberikan motivasi kepada para pembaca, serta memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan bagi penelitian selanjutnya. Wasalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb. Jakarta, 14 Agustus 2019 Penulis Muhammad Irwan Fadli PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI Transliterasi Arab-Latin yang digunakan dalam skripsi ini berpedoman pada buku “Pedoman Penullisan Kaya Ilmiah (Skripsi, Tesis, dan Disertasi)” yang diterbitkan oleh Tim CeQDA (Center For Quality Development dan Assurance) UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta tahun 2007. A. Konsonan HURUF HURUF NAMA KETERANGAN ARAB LATIN alif - Tidak dilambangkan ا ba’ b Be ب ta’ t Te ت tsa’ ts Te dan Es ث jim j Je ج Ha dengan titik di Ḥa’ ḥ ح bawah kha’ kh Ka dan Ha خ dal d De د dzal dz De dan Zet ذ ra’ r Er ر vi vii zai z Zet ز sin s Es س syin sy Es dan Ye ش Es dengan titik di Ṣad ṣ ص bawah De dengan titik di Ḍad ḍ ض bawah Te dengan titik di Ṭa ṭ ط bawah Zet dengan titik di Ẓa ẓ ظ bawah Koma terbalik hadap ‘ ain‘ ع kanan ghain gh Ge dan Ha غ fa f Ef ف qaf q Ki ق kaf k Ka ك lam l El ل mim m Em م viii nun n En ن wau w We و ha’ h Ha ه hamzah ` Apstrof ء ya’ y Ye ي B. Vokal Vokal dalam bahasa Arab, seperti vokal bahasa Indonesia, terdiri dari vocal tunggal atau monoftong dan vokal rangkap atau diftong. Untuk vokal tunggal, ketentuan alih aksaranya adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Vokal Tunggal Tanda Vokal Arab Tanda Vokal Latin Keterangan َ A Fatḥah ا I Kasraḥ ِا ُ U Ḍammah ا ix 2. Vokal Rangkap Tanda Vokal Arab Tanda Vokal Latin Keterangan َ ai a dan i ىﻲ َ au a dan u ﯨﻮ 3. Vokal Panjang Ketentuan alih aksara vokal panjang (mad), yang dalam bahasa Arab dilambangkan dengan harakat dan huruf, yaitu: Tanda Vokal Arab Tanda Vokal Latin Keterangan â a dengan topi di atas َﺑﺎ î i dengan topi di atas ِ�ﻲ û u dengan topi di atas ُﺑﻮ 4. Kata Sandang Kata sandang, yang dalam sistem aksara Arab dilambangkan dengan huruf, yaitu dialihaksarakan menjadi huruf /l/, baik diikuti huruf syamsiyah maupun huruf kamariah. Contoh: al-rijâl bukan ar-rijâl, al-dîwân bukan ad-dîwân. 5. Syaddah (Tasydîd) Syaddah atau tasydîd yang dalam sistem tulisan Arab dilambangkan dengan sebuah tanda ( ◌ّ ) dalam alih aksara ini dilambangkan dengan huruf, yaitu dengan menggandakan huruf x yang diberi tanda syaddah itu. Akan tetapi, hal ini tidak berlaku jika huruf yang menerima tanda syaddah itu terletak setelah kata sandang yang diikuti oleh huruf-huruf syamsiyah. Misalnya, kata ,tidak ditulis ad-darûrah melainkan al-darûrah ( اﻟﻀﺮورة ) demikian seterusnya. 6. Ta Marbûtah Berkaitan dengan alih aksara ini, jika huruf ta marbûtah terdapat pada kata yang berdiri sendiri, maka huruf tersebut dialihaksarakan menjadi huruf /h/ (lihat contoh 1 di bawah). Hal yang sama juga berlaku jika tamarbûtah tersebut diikuti oleh kata sifat (na‘t) (lihat contoh 2). Namun, jika huruf ta marbûtah tersebut diikuti kata benda (ism), maka huruf tersebut dialihaksarakan menjadi huruf /t/ (lihat contoh 3). No Kata Arab Alih Aksara Tarîqah ﻃﺮ�ﻘﺔ 1 al-jâmî’ah al-islâmiyyah �ﺳﻼﻣﯿﺔ ا�جﺎﻣﻌﺔ 2 wahdat al-wujûd اﻟﻮﺟﻮد وﺣﺪة 3 7. Huruf Kapital Meskipun dalam
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