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Albania Demnet Program USAZD - ORT Albania Democracy Network Program Final Report January 2001 Submitted by: Celeste S. Angus American ORT 1900 L Street, NW #603 Washington, DC 20036 Tel: (202) 293-2560 Fax: (202) 293-2577 E-mail: [email protected] Prepared by: Leslie M. Fox Independent Consultant Washington, DC USAID/ORT - Albania DemNet Program TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYMS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. Introduction and Overview A. Final Report Purpose and Scope of Work B. Final Report Methodology and Structure C. Albania DemNet Program Description 11. An Overview of DemNet Program Status A. Phase 1: June 12,1995 -June 8,1998 B. Phase 2: June 9,1998 -December 8,2000 C. Consolidated DemNet Program Status 1II.DemNet Program Results A. The NGO Sector Effectively Support NGO Public Policymaking B. Albanian NGOs Effectively Undertake Civic Action and Advocacy C. The Enabling Environment Empowers NGO Participation in Public Life including Policymaking D. Overall Conclusions: Albanian NGOs are Effective Partners in Public Policymaking IV. DemNet Impact: Conclusions and Lessons Learned A. The Appropriateness of DemNet Program Strategy B. The Effectiveness of ORT Program- Management- C. Principal Lessons Learned ANNEXES: Annex 1: Scope of Work, Schedule Annex 2: Documents Reviewed Annex 3: Technical Assistance and Training Program Annex 4: List of Grant Awards Annex 5: DernNet Timeline American ORT DemNet Final Report Page i USAID/ORT - Albania DemNet Program List of Acronyms Albanian National Technical Assistance and Training Resource Center Cooperative Agreement 3 CEEC Central and East European Countries COP Chief of Party 4 DAG Development Activity Grant DENA Dairy Entrepreneurs National Association w DemNet Democracy Network EU European Union i* DIG Democracy and Governance GTZ German Technical Assistance Agency 3 IDG Institutional Development Grant Intermediate Result Micro-Grant NGO Non-governmental Organization I ORT ORT International Cooperation irJ OSCE Organization for Economic Cooperation and Security PHARE European Union Funded Central and East European Democracy Prop ri RDA Regional Development Agency REC Regional Environmental Center (1 SO Strategic Objective SME Small and Medium Enterprise 3 SRC Sector Resource Centers TA Technical Assistance Y us AID United States Agency for International Development UNDP United Nations Development Program American ORT DemNet Final Report Page ii USAID/ORT - Albania DemNet Program Executive Summary Introduction and Overview This consultant has participated in the design and evaluation of some two-dozen civil societylNGO strengthening programs in each of the principal regions where USAID works over the last decade. I have no hesitation in stating that the USAIDIORT Albania Democracy Network Program is one of the most successful that I have seen during this period. This be-@ with the DemNet design, which was appropriate to the Albanian context and led to the achievement of a significant set of program results. And it ends with ORT's effective management of this $4,275,000, two-phased, six-year democratic development effort. Having said this, there should be no misunderstanding that problems did arise and they did affect program implementation and effectiveness. But when all is tallied up, there can be no question that USAID's conception of a Regional DemNet Program was correct and ORT's management of the Albanian version was a resounding success--especially in having achieved the specific results set out for it and a number that were not. Kudos are extended to all concerned, not the least of which are the many Albanian NGOs that participated in DemNet and the many committed Albanians that managed DemNet and its NGO partners. The remainder of this Executive Summary provides a more .detailed analysis that led to this overall Final Report conclusion. DemNet Outputs and Activities By any measure of output and activity, DemNet has been an active participant in the development of the Albanian NGO sector. From June 1995 to December 2000 a total of 92 grants totaling $1,052,635 were made to some 59 Albanian NGOs while a far larger number (approximately 700 NGO staff) benefited from the wide range technical assistance and training opportunities made available by DernNet. It was clear from the many inte~ewsheld during the July 2000 field visit that ORT addressed numerous issues facing the NGO sector always in a spirit of inclusion and participation. The NGO Development and Sustainability Strategy implemented during Phase 2 was based on developing and strengthening a sector-wide institutional architecture capable of supporting individual NGOs while addressing problems cofionting the NGO sector as a whole. ORT has promoted the adoption of an NGO code of conduct and spent considerable time trying to improve collaboration among NGOs and between them and other public actors. Achieving DemNet Results In May 1996 ORT went through a strategic planning exercise in which it identified a set of results that it felt it could be held accountable for achieving in the DemNet Program. Each of the following three sections addresses one DemNet Intermediate Result (IR) and the degree to which it was achieved and how it contributed to the overall DemNet Strategic Objective (SO): NGOs are Effective Partners in Public (Political, Social and Economic) Decision-making. The DernNet SO is discussed in the fourth section below. American ORT DemNet Final Report Page iii USAID/ORT - Albania DemNet Program IR 1: A Strong NGO Sector Supports Public Policy NGOs There can be no question that over the past six years the loose amalgam of Albania NGOs has, in fact, become a much more coherent assemblage of inter-related organizations with breadth and depth-in short a true sector capable of taking its legitimate place alongside the Albanian government in promoting the public good. In turn, a stronger sector has provided the individual NGOs that compose it with a range of services that have permitted them to achieve their own objectives while providing a more stable and secure environment within which to work. The ORTNSAID DemNet Program has been a principal catalyst and architect in the sector's construction and strengthening. Evidence of the sectors strength and its contribution to NGO public policymaking is summarized as follows: 9 NGOs have a far greater understanding of the role of civil society in public life and how they, as lead actors in it, have a legitimate right to participate in political as well as social and economic matters. NGOs also have developed a greater understanding of their rights as public actors and how to exercise them. 9 NGOs have begun to acquire the tools and knowledge so necessary to be effective public actors. Chief among them are an understanding of "the how, where and who" of public policymaking, and a sharpening of advocacy skills and techniques needed to achieve policy change and reform. 9 The increased density and diversity of the NGO sector has given Albanian citizens an expanded choice in terms of which NGOs represent them in public matters. Empowered citizens in turn make their organizations stronger, more effective and representative-a virtuous circle. 9 The fact that NGOs have begun to specialize -becoming more focused and strategic in what they do - has permitted a corresponding increase in their professionalization, both in management and technical program dimensions. With a more rational division of labor and with new NGO types capable of undertaking new functions the overall sector has been able to engage govemment in a more effective manner. 9 The expansion of an NGO presence at the regional level and below, combined with the growth in community-based organizations, has contributed to the greater devolution of decision-making downward to local actors, including NGOs as well as local govemment. 9 While still developing, the NGO sector has improved its ability in reaching out to and increasing the awareness of government and the general public concerning its activities and contributions. The combination of these factors has led to a much more positive image of the sector by the public. 9 It may be too much to say that the NGO sector is fully imbued with and consistently demonstrates critical civic values, but NGOs increasingly appreciate the need for internal democratic practices, the benefits of voluntarism, and the general need for tolerance. IR 2: Albanian NGOs Effectively Undertake Civic Action & Policy Advocacy The logic of the DemNet approach to building NGOs capable of effective policymaking was to view advocacy as the "democracy" technical or programmatic skill just like other development American ORT DemNet Final Report Page iv USAID/ORT - Albania DemNet Program sectors (e.g., primary health care or natural resource management) have their own proper skills areas. Thus, as important as the mastery of the advocacy skill was, unless an NGO had first put into place an internal governance structure that promoted democratic practice, transparency and accountability; and mastered fundamental management skills ensuring the effective allocation and use of available resources, it would be unable to be an effective agent of policy change and reform. Two additional points merit discussion under this intermediate result: As the many DemNet activities described in Chapter II and the several case studies sprinkled throughout this Final Report point out, Albanian NGOs have made tremendous strides in both increasing their participation in a wide range of policy issues and actually having some measurable impact in terms of policy change. But measures of their effectiveness must go beyond whether an actual policy change took place to whether NGOs were able to increase the involvement of Albanian citizens in the policymaking process. In a country where the mere proposition of someone wanting to participate in making public decisions could have meant jail or worse as little as a decade ago, the situation today must be looked at as revolutionary. IR 3: The Enabling Environment Empowers NGO Participation in Policymaking 9 Since 1997, NGOs have benefited ffom a far more open and welcoming government partner, not just as concerns the NGO Law, but also in a wide range of policy areas portrayed through out this Report.
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