Review 2011-12 Contents

The European Centre for Environment and Human Health is part of the University of Exeter Medical School. We are based at the Royal Cornwall Hospital site in Truro, Cornwall and part financed by the European Regional Development Fund Programme 2007 to 2013 and European Social Fund Convergence Programme for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly.

02 Phase 1 in brief 22 Microbial systems Wellbeing and the natural 04 Director’s statement 24 environment Collaboration, engagement 07 Our vision 28 and impact Training the next generation 08 Areas of research 32 of researchers MSc in environment and 10 Ageing well 36 human health

14 Climate, health and wellbeing 38 External advice and support

18 Emerging pollution risk 40 Our research team

European Centre for Environment and Human Health

University of Exeter Medical School +44 (0)1872 258131 Knowledge Spa [email protected] Royal Cornwall Hospital Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD www.ecehh.org Phase 1 in brief

The Centre launched in May 2011 with support from the European “The Centre has achieved a remarkable amount in the last Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and European Social Fund (ESF) year and a half, providing a solid foundation for it to prosper Convergence programme for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly. This is an in the years ahead.” overview of some of our activities since the launch, ranging from key Professor Michael Depledge, Chair of the Advisory Board research findings to events and recruitment.

Major research discoveries made Extending our influence PhD programme underway Engaging with business Collaborative conferences held

Researchers have published a range Centre members are increasingly As part of a programme of 18 PhDs, The Centre has proactively sought The Centre teamed up with local of high-impact findings - from a link represented on national and the Centre is helping to train the next business collaborations and is organisations such as Cornwall between radon and skin cancer and international advisory bodies such generation of researchers. directly involving 12 local businesses Council and the Eden Project to the relationship between latitude and as the World Health Organisation in on-going PhD projects supported host conferences bringing together atopic disease, to the effect of the and European Commission’s University of Exeter by the ESF. leaders in the field of environment coast on emotional wellbeing. Framework 7 programme. and health. Following the disaggregation Masters programme underway International partnerships forged Significant research grants secured of the Peninsula College of Medicine Website launched & Dentistry, the European Centre An MSc in Environment and Health The Centre has built strong We have won several significant became part of the University supported by the ESF welcomed A newly developed website partnerships with a number of grants from funding bodies, of Exeter Medical School in August its first cohort of students, from designed to showcase the Centre’s leading research centres across including the Economic and Social 2012 - with a complement business and the public sector, research, www.ecehh.org, was Europe and the World, including Research Council, the Natural of 45 staff. in January 2012. launched in February 2012. universities and research institutes Environment Research Council in the EU, Hong Kong, India and international health insurance and the USA. company, BUPA.

2 | Review 2011-12 3 | Review 2011-12 Director’s statement

The European Centre for Environment and Human Health at the “We have already produced crucial research that provides University of Exeter Medical School, secured a second phase of funding evidence for the importance of the natural environment from the European Regional Development Fund beginning in 2013. to health and wellbeing.” This crucial achievement marked our progress from a fledgling research Professor Lora Fleming, Centre Director centre to a fully functioning academic hub, and recognised the huge efforts and achievements of everyone involved in our formation.

As we near the completion of the There are always challenges in trying We have already published research When I reflect on our first 18 first phase of our funding, the timing to do something new and cutting demonstrating the importance of the months, I see important of this review gives us an opportunity edge in a very short period of time. natural environment to health and achievements and significant to reflect on our achievements For example, many of the Centre’s wellbeing. The UK Met Office potential for development. We have to date and how we can prosper staff and students had no prior is among organisations we are had a rewarding, non-stop adventure in the future. history of interacting with business. working with — partnerships that but we should also appreciate the Yet after a steep learning curve, we bring together relevant resources, privilege and responsibility of We believe that the complexity now have many potential partnerships research and training. Our links with performing cutting edge research, of environment and human health with Cornish businesses involving both Cornwall Council are improving health with fascinating and talented people issues — and the risks and on-going PhD research and new and wellbeing services for hard-to- in a beautiful place like Cornwall. opportunities they pose — must projects. Our staff are relatively reach groups. Through partnerships be addressed in a truly young and represent a range of like this, we are also engaging interdisciplinary fashion. To this research disciplines and nationalities. photographers and artists to end, we are establishing a research This gives us a wonderful communicate our work beyond environment that incorporates both opportunity to create a ‘Centre academic boundaries. Researchers qualitative and quantitative research Culture’, encouraging interaction from the Centre are simultaneously methods and uses science, the arts, across discipline and background. presenting their research at the humanities and other disciplines international conferences and to tackle problems. Collaborations One of the challenges has been to to national and international with business, government and the make the Centre central to emerging policy makers. third sector are at the heart regional innovation in environment of our work, exemplified by on-going and health. To help achieve this, we There is still much to do, however. Professor Lora Fleming projects with Cornwall Council, are working with Plymouth University, We must diversify our funding sources Centre Director the NHS, the Eden Project, Sea University College Falmouth and other and secure continued backing for Communications and Ginsters. research bases at the University of existing and future research and Exeter, such as the Environment and training programmes. We must The Centre’s uniqueness has Sustainability Institute. We believe that expand our work nationally and allowed us to recruit some of the the South West region is the perfect internationally and ensure we are brightest talent in our field and we ‘test bed’ for our studies. The recent targeting the most relevant areas of now have more than 45 researchers formation of the Health and Wellbeing our field. Above all, we must continue and supporting staff. With funding Innovation Centre and our relationship to carry out excellent research, so from the European Social Fund, with Truro and Penwith College that our studies influence policies we have also been joined by means we are an important part of and focus on areas that increase our increasing numbers of PhD and the emerging Cornwall Health and knowledge of environment and human Master’s students. Wellbeing Campus. health links.

4 | Review 2011-12 5 | Review 2011-12 Our vision

“The continued support of the European Regional Development In the current era of great social and economic upheaval and Fund will allow the Centre to build on its track record of locally unprecedented global environmental change, understanding the links relevant research and business collaboration.” between the environment and human health and wellbeing has never been more important. Ms Emma Bland, Centre Manager

On the one hand, our actions are The support from ERDF until the severely damaging ecosystems end of 2014 is providing us with the and potentially impairing human financial security to build a critical wellbeing through climate change, mass of research staff, a track biodiversity loss and pollution. record of research success and Conversely, society is starting to an international reputation. The Centre’s appreciate the beneficial effects development over its first five years of the natural environment on health. will focus on seven aims: This is providing opportunities to tackle major worldwide problems Become an internationally Build partnerships globally ranging from poor mental health and locally relevant research with key stakeholders and to obesity. 1. centre, recognised as a hub 6. complimentary research of expertise and knowledge groups, to enable the Centre Only an interdisciplinary and in the environment and human to compete successfully for inter-institutional approach can health field; research funds; address these contradictory developments. It must involve Develop cutting edge, Communicate to policy scientists, academics, businesses, business-relevant research makers our findings on the not for profit organisations and 2. across several areas; 7. links between environment communities. Policy makers at local, and human health. national and international levels must Diversify our funding be informed and involved, and base to ensure long-term funders and evaluators of research 3. sustainability; projects must show a greater regard for complex, integrated Increase the number of research programmes. international students and 4. training activities at the Centre; The University of Exeter Medical School established the European Conduct world class Centre for Environment and Human research across a number Health to fill this void. The Centre 5. of disciplines; is based at the Medical School’s campus in Truro, Cornwall, recognising the cultural and natural heritage of the area. Cornwall is renowned for its diverse landscape but also known for the environmental impact of its industrial past.

7 | Review 2011-12 Areas of research

The Centre employs experts from diverse disciplines: epidemiology, “To be part of a research communication, policy analysis, systematic reviews, horizon scanning, Centre that actively health economics, biostatistics, qualitative methods, chemistry and encourages a broad microbiology. Each researcher specialises in a range of quantitative range of academics and qualitative research methods and together, forms a team that to work together is is encouraged to break from traditional silos. extremely exciting; I’m approaching problems from angles I have never We have two major research areas: Emerging pollution risk considered before.” emerging threats to health and wellbeing posed by the environment, Our research into the manmade Dr Ben Wheeler, Research Fellow and the health and wellbeing benefits pollution of the environment and Health Geographer the natural environment can provide. considers traditional contaminants Researchers work on projects that such as pesticides, and newer deliberately cross disciplinary substances such as pharmaceuticals. boundaries. However, to provide Along with environmental toxic cohesion to this report, a number exposures like radon and harmful of areas of interest have been algal bloom toxins, we are examining identified. This somewhat artificial the way that pollution can impact categorisation is a presentational on both the environment and health. tool within which we have grouped descriptions of our research activities. Microbial systems

Ageing well Microbial systems underpin life on earth. Bacteria drive As populations age worldwide, our bio-geochemical cycles in the views of older people, and how we environment including the carbon deal with this ageing demographic, and nitrogen cycle, facilitate plant will need to evolve. Our research growth though mineralisation is considering how physical activity of organic matter and cause a wide and the environment can impact on range of infectious diseases. ageing and perceptions of growing Human and veterinary use of old, and how age related conditions antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals such as sight loss can affect older affect these microbial systems people’s ability to stay fit and healthy. and we are studying bacterial evolution in the lab to shed light Climate, health and wellbeing on environmental mechanisms that can lead to antibacterial resistance. Weather and climate can directly influence our health. We are Wellbeing and the environment investigating the impact climate and climate change may have Evidence is emerging that all natural on atopic illnesses. As patterns environments including coastal can of disease change, drug treatments improve physical and mental health. will alter too. We are considering the We are researching the therapeutic transport and fate of pharmaceuticals properties of these environments, in the environment, and the ways assessing how they differ and how in which they may vary in the future best to encourage access. under pressures such as an ageing demographic.

8 | Review 2011-12 Ageing well

Population ageing is one of the most pressing global issues of our time. Within the UK, 2,800 people turn 60 every day. As this figure rises, the demographic change it creates presents both opportunities and challenges.

Many older adults contribute to society Exploring the impact of physical engages with their stories. The team through formal and informal volunteering activity on ageing 1 have produced a video that is being activities offering invaluable wisdom shown to focus groups to prompt and experience. However, chronic As part of a project funded discussion about the role of physical disease and dependence on health by ESRC, Senior Lecturer Dr activity in older age – for others, care, social services and pharmaceutical Cassandra Phoenix — a qualitative and, in relation to one’s own life. treatment is also more likely as we researcher with a background in age. The ability of policy makers and social gerontology and sport and To compliment this work outreach health practitioners to successfully health sciences — is leading an events and exhibitions of the photos promote lifestyles that encourage investigation into people’s experiences and film have been staged throughout healthy ageing will rely on sound of being physically active in older Cornwall, providing an opportunity scientific reasoning. age. The Moving Stories project for policy makers, participants and is also examining how physically civic individuals to view the images Regular physical activity and active older adults are perceived and footage, and debate the issue participation in social and community by other people. of physical activity and ageing. events can help keep us healthy and maintain our economic and cultural Like much of the population, many engagement. In line with the World older adults are inactive, which can Health Organisation’s definition of adversely affect their health and active ageing, the Centre’s research wellbeing. By gathering first-hand focuses on “the process of optimising accounts of how physically active opportunities for health, participation older adults relate to physical and security in order to enhance activity, Dr Phoenix and Dr Noreen quality of life as people age”. Orr are understanding how and why the study group deals with Currently, less than 10% of people the barriers and challenges over 55 in the UK meet the minimum to being active. level of physical activity recommended for good health. We are assessing The research team is collecting data the influence of physical activity on in a range of ways, including life “We live in a youth-orientated culture where people’s expectations and experiences history interviews, photography, film, growing older is often seen only as a period of the ageing process and aiming and focus group sessions. to understand how the natural Photographing participants during of physical decline. Physically active older adults environment can influence the activity, and using these images can challenge stereotypes of ageing - but only transition into retirement. to draw out reflections of participant’s experiences, is helping the team if their stories are engaged with by the listener.” This area of research has attracted understand how people’s activity funding from the Economic and Social connects physical experience with Dr Cassandra Phoenix, Senior Lecturer and Qualitative Research Specialist Research Council (ESRC) as well the environment. Researchers are as other organisations, and is being also studying how physically active produced in partnership with older adults are perceived by others. important regional and national They can challenge stereotypes academic institutions. of ageing, but only if the listener 1 www.ecehh.org/publication/moving-stories

10 | Review 2011-12 Ageing well

Physical activity and sight loss 1 The impact of gardens on the wellbeing of those with dementia 2 Sight loss can compound a person’s immobility as they age, limiting There are an estimated 750,000 activity. Because sight loss is people with dementia in the UK, a significant risk factor for additional with nearly two-thirds of those living medical conditions, visually impaired in care homes diagnosed with older adults tend to have poorer the disease. Cases of dementia are health than those with good sight. expected to increase by up to 40% in the next 15 years as populations To enable older adults with sight age. Interest is growing in loss to become more active and non-pharmaceutical methods improve their health and wellbeing, of improving the wellbeing of those Dr Phoenix and Dr Meridith Griffin with dementia and their carers. are examining the experiences of physical activity among people Gardens may offer a range who have suffered sight loss later of benefits for people with in life. Participants are from Cornwall, different degrees of dementia, London and Loughborough and from gardening itself to walking include people who are active and in gardens and sitting in soothing non-active. The study considers surroundings. Yet the ways in which a range of formal and informal gardens affect physical and mental physical activities beyond health and wellbeing are complex. ‘organised’ sport. Together with colleagues from This research will benefit visually the Evidence Synthesis Team impaired older adults by increasing at PenCLAHRC3, Senior Lecturer our knowledge and understanding Dr Ruth Garside is leading of their involvement in physical a systematic review of the evidence activity. It is supported by the for the wellbeing impacts of gardens Thomas Pocklington Trust and for people with dementia, their conducted in partnership with families, carers and care home staff. Loughborough University and the The study will identify and synthesise Cornwall Blind Association. the findings from qualitative and quantitative research and build a comprehensive picture of existing knowledge.

1 www.ecehh.org/publication/physical-activity-and- sight-loss

2 www.ecehh.org/publication/outdoor-space-and- dementia-systematic-review

3 National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care for the South West Peninsula 12 | Review 2011-12 13 | Review 2011-12 Climate, health and wellbeing

Human health and wellbeing is closely linked with the climates “Meteorology can impact the health of populations in a number in which we live. However, global temperature rise and its effects of ways. Our research is hoping to identify the influence may alter the relationship between health and the environment of climatic conditions on emergent diseases, and to examine over coming decades. how these will effect populations in the future.”

Dr Nicholas Osborne, Senior Research Fellow and Epidemiologist

Some regions will become wetter A link between atopic disease Exploring pollen levels and health 2 Analysing climate adaptation 3 Investigating the impact of changing be targeted in future research. and warmer; others will become and latitude 1 pharmaceutical use 4 Her team, which is working closely hotter and drier and humans Using the Met Office’s network The Centre, together with the with Professor Steve Rowland may face radically changing Research published in Australia of pollen measurement sites, this College of Social Sciences and The presence of pharmaceuticals at Plymouth University, is also environmental conditions and and the US suggests that vitamin D research is examining the role that International Studies in Exeter, in the environment is now well developing a model to predict the be forced to adapt. Temperature deficiency could be contributing high pollen levels may have on is a partner in the European established. As pharmaceuticals pharmaceutical contamination changes are likely to increase to the recent rise in allergic disease. hospital admissions. The research Commission’s FP7 research are neither completely removed of aquatic environments, enabling extremes of cold and heat with Centre academics have been team is considering how peak pollen programme led by Aarhus University by sewage treatment processes limited monitoring and clean-up subsequent impacts on human studying how latitude may affect levels may exacerbate conditions in Denmark and involving 13 other nor completely degraded in the resources to be reserved for areas health. Less obvious impacts will the prevalence of food allergy such as cardiovascular disease, organisations from across Europe. environment, concerns have arisen of high pollution. include the increasing range and eczema in children. respiratory disease, mental illness This initiative, the Bottom-up Climate about the impact of these of disease vectors (such as ticks Sunlight stimulates the production and immune system disorders. Adaptation Strategies towards compounds on organisms and their and mosquitoes), a changing of vitamin D in the skin, and regions a Sustainable Europe (or BASE) ability to enter the human food chain. exposure to temperature-sensitive further from the equator typically An important part of this analysis project, is evaluating the environmental, Studies of human medications microorganisms such as harmful receive lower levels of sunshine. is to determine the distribution social and economic impacts of in the environment commonly focus algal blooms, and a longer growing of pollen across the whole of the different climate adaptation policies. on western ‘heavy usage’ treatments. season for allergenic The research is lead by Senior UK for the 30 years for which data It is also considering the costs and Yet it is likely that changing climatic pollen-producing plants. Research Fellow Dr Nicholas is available. As well as identifying benefits, policy coherence and conditions, and rapidly ageing Osborne and is examining data from details on how symptoms can be stakeholder perceptions of different populations, will alter the global The Centre’s research is improving the Longitudinal Study of Australian worsened in those already suffering methods of dealing with the forecast distribution of disease. our understanding of how variations Children. The team have shown that from asthma, the researchers hope changes to global climate. in climate today can influence the in eight to nine-year-olds, the odds to explore how individuals initially These factors will change the prevalence of disease. It is being of having a peanut allergy are six acquire asthma - providing avenues Dr Tim Taylor, Lecturer in types of pharmaceuticals used with used to extrapolate future scenarios times higher in southern-most to reduce the prevalence of the Environmental and Public Health potentially unexpected impacts on and assess how each of these children compared to those in the disease and develop an early Economics at the Centre, is leading environmental health. Researchers potential outcomes may affect future north. The likelihood of having warning system. the assessment of health adaptation at the Centre will be recommending policy. We are also considering how eczema is twice as great for those case studies, focussing particularly which medications should be placed best to communicate these possible in the south. on mental health problems including under greater scientific scrutiny impacts. This work showcases the the impacts and costs of climate because of their predicted Centre’s ongoing partnerships with A second study (a PhD project) with change adaptation. With colleagues increase in use and potential the Met Office and other stakeholders, the UK Met Office’s Hadley Centre from the Euro-Mediterranean Centre environmental impacts. and is providing information relevant and funded by the ESF, is using for Climate Change in Italy and the to policy makers in the South West meteorological data from the last Basque Centre for Climate Change Environmental analytical chemist, region and nationally. 100 years to investigate the in Spain, Dr Taylor is studying how Lecturer Dr Clare Redshaw, relationship between sun and health best to integrate health into is working to determine which 1 www.ecehh.org/publication/prevalence-eczema- in greater detail. The data is derived top-down modelling of climate change. classes of pharmaceuticals should and-food-allergy-associated-latitude-australia from ground-based measurements 2 www.ecehh.org/publication/pollen-and-its- and satellite observations. It is hoped impact-human-health-national-study that the project will allow the precise 3 www.cmcc.it/research/research-projects/ measurement of sunshine exposure baseproject across the UK and the development 4 www.ecehh.org/publication/climate-change- of models to assess its effects changing-disease-profiles-and-their-impact-upon- on health. pharmaceutical-usage

14 | Review 2011-12 15 | Review 2011-12 Climate, health and wellbeing DEMAND-SIDE SUPPLY-SIDE

SITES AND RULES OF SERVICES SELECTED DEPLOYMENT POPULATION SPREAD SITES A B C HUMAN ACTIVITY SPACE TIME RESOURCES OUTPATIENTS INPATIENTS OUTPATIENTS DIAGNOSTICS INPATIENTS THEATRES DIAGNOSTICS + LOCATIONS THEATRES SCENARIOS RESOURCES PER POPULATION SIZE UNIT OF ACTIVITY Climate change and policy 1 Developing a complex carbon Using information graphics to LOCATION modelling tool 2 communicate the health impacts Climate change policy is now of climate change 3 focusing increasingly on adaptation As part of efforts to achieve a low strategies and mitigation measures. carbon future, honorary research In collaboration with Dr Sabine Pahl INCIDENCE RATES However analyses of the related fellow Dr Adam Pollard has been of Plymouth University, Associate literature reveals that ecology developing a carbon management Research fellow Dr Will Stahl-Timmins CONSTRAINTS is commonly not considered model for use in the Cornish is exploring how the visual presentation (EG TARGETS) in adaptation policies. With co-author healthcare sector. of information might help non-expert Professor Michael Depledge, Centre audiences understand a number Research Fellow Dr Philip Staddon Based on data from a pilot study of complex, non-linear narratives, is reviewing climate change and supported by the Royal Cornwall such as the possible health impacts human health, aiming to facilitate Hospital, the model uses a complex of climate change. the incorporation of ecological database of algorithms to NUMBERS AFFECTED knowledge into health policy and conceptualise secondary healthcare. The Seeing is Believing project has PER THOUSAND DEMAND OPTIMISATION CAPACITY explain why ecology is central to It will demonstrate the impacts completed two pilot studies, with ALGORITHM human adaptation to climate change. of potential changes to health initial analysis of the pilot data service provision and enable users suggesting that the use of information Dr Staddon and colleagues are also to calculate demand for a service. graphics could reduce the time preparing a paper on how climate It will also show the proximity needed to interpret vital information. change will affect human health in of patients to that service and reveal Cornwall. This research aims to put the carbon and monetary costs Dr Stahl-Timmins also works closely a monetary value on the possible of moving the service to a new, with researchers of all disciplines health impacts of climate change, optimised location. at the Centre. One example of this, allowing objective comparison a conceptual diagram of the NHS PATIENT RESOURCES of the various impacts. The Cornwall With backing from the Centre, a new carbon model developed by Dr Adam TRAVEL Health and Environment Committee Cornish company, Porthilly Holdings, Pollard, is shown opposite. KILOMETERS ELECTRICITY will be using some of these findings has been formed. It is developing the The graphic is designed to to help highlight the importance model to help the NHS optimise its demonstrate the structure of the WATER of adaptation for the agenda activities in terms of both energy use model to a wider audience. of the local NHS trust. and carbon footprint. GAS

OIL

CARBON 1 www.ecehh.org/publication/climate-change- adaptation FOOTPRINT

2 CARBON DIOXIDE www.ecehh.org/publication/carbon- A conceptual model of Dr Pollard’s EQUIVALENT management-modelling carbon modelling tool. Courtesy 3 www.ecehh.org/publication/seeing-believing of Dr Stahl-Timmins.

16 | Review 2011-12 17 | Review 2011-12 Emerging pollution risk

Through population, environmental and lab-based studies, we are examining the impact of pollution on both the environment and health, with particular relevance to Cornwall and the South West.

The Centre’s research into the The team, led by Research Fellow Modelling human skin 2 impacts of manmade pollution Dr Benedict Wheeler, is examining on the environment is considering data on radon concentrations and To address the limitations associated traditional contaminants such the reported rates of three types with lab studies of single cell types, as pesticides and more novel of skin cancer. Radon is already or those using animals, Associate substances, including pharmaceuticals known to be the second leading Research Fellow Dr James Allen and personal care products. cause of lung cancers and is producing a 3D model of the As global population rises and ages, theoretical models suggest that human skin comprised of cells the presence of an ever-changing radon may also be a risk factor isolated from excess skin following cocktail of pharmaceuticals in the for skin cancer. However, up until surgery. These cells are then environment will require a dynamic this point, epidemiologic evidence ‘reassembled’ in the lab to produce research response. for the relationship has been weak. a tissue which is representative Our research indicates a possible of the human skin. In addition, a number of naturally association between radon and occurring environmental toxins may squamous cell carcinoma, but Building a model of the skin will threaten human health. Researchers as with all population studies allow the team to investigate in more are considering the processes of this type, is unable to prove detail the effect of environmental by which agents (such as radon, a cause-effect relationship. toxicants such as arsenic, heavy harmful algal blooms and arsenic), metals and radon gas, through often released through human To investigate further, the Centre the use of intricate microscopic activities, can increase the risk is currently mid-way through techniques. Ultimately it is hoped of disease. Our work in this area a laboratory-based investigation that this will increase our exemplifies the interdisciplinary into the direct cellular effects understanding of how disease nature of the Centre, with a number of radon. This study is an ESF-funded is initiated by these agents and of studies being undertaken into PhD project in collaboration with how it progresses within the skin. pollution risk, ranging from cell University of Exeter Medical School biology to health geography. Senior Lecturer Dr Alison Curnow. It is analysing the direct effect that Uncovering an association radon and UV exposures can have between radon and skin cancer 1 on the development of skin cancer. It is hoped that this research will Through detailed analysis of several provide an accurate understanding datasets, the Centre’s experts in of the mechanisms of cancer epidemiology and cell biology have growth in the skin, and determine discovered a potential link between whether radon can play a role radon and a particular type of skin in its enhancement. cancer. This work has huge regional relevance because of the South West’s granite bedrock and high radon levels, and has generated 1 www.ecehh.org/publication/radon-and-skin- significant media attention. cancer-southwest-england-ecologic-study 2 www.ecehh.org/publication/building-three- dimensional-model-skin

18 | Review 2011-12 19 | Review 2011-12 Emerging pollution risk

“We’re working with partners across the University of Exeter on studies that are really relevant to Cornwall, it’s the perfect place to explore the links between the environment and health.”

Dr Jessica Tyrrell, Associate Research Fellow and Genetic Epidemiologist

A genetic analysis of smoking Assessing the impact and low birth weight 1 of waste metals 2

Working with the Molecular Genetics Anthropogenic contaminants released Research Group within the University into the marine environment can of Exeter Medical School, Associate seriously damage the health of marine Research Fellow Dr Jessica Tyrrell species, species’ population size is using the genetic make-up of and wider biodiversity. As part of our a group of pregnant women research, academics at the Centre are to investigate the relationship working with Professor Tamara between smoking and birth weight. Galloway and the University of Exeter’s Aquatic Resources Centre to analyse Evidence is increasingly suggesting the effects of waste metals — some an association between smoking and of the most harmful anthropogenic low birth weight, which is a major toxins — on estuarine ecosystems. risk factor in the future development of a range of diseases for new born The team is studying the Fal River babies. This study uses data from in Cornwall which, due to historical more than 26,000 individuals to mining activity, is in parts heavily analyse the association between contaminated with waste metals. a particular genotype and child birth As a result, local populations of the weight, and has found a direct link harbour ragworm have successfully between smoking and birth weight. adapted to levels of copper and zinc that would be lethal to their This research is the largest analysis counterparts elsewhere. Associate of the smoking-birth weight relationship Research Fellow Dr Jonathan to date, combining data from several McQuillan is using this example as smaller studies. It has allowed the a model for study, employing state research team to draw robust of the art molecular biology and conclusions about the effect bioinformatics-based techniques of smoking on birth weight. to reveal the cellular mechanisms They have confirmed a causal that underpin this adaptation. relationship, highlighting the importance of efforts to reduce Using next generation sequencing smoking among pregnant women. technology, the research team has prepared a library of gene sequence information for its model species. Genes which defend against toxic heavy metals have already been 1 www.ecehh.org/publication/smoking-and-low- identified and a study of how these birth-weight-genetic-analysis genes coordinate to protect the 2 www.ecehh.org/publication/assessing-impact- organism from the effects of copper waste-metals is underway.

20 | Review 2011-12 Microbial systems

Microbial systems underpin life on earth. Bacteria drive bio-geochemical “Understanding how environmental pollution drives evolution cycles in the environment, including the carbon and nitrogen cycle, of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is crucial to our ability and facilitate plant growth though mineralisation of organic matter. to fight disease in the future, it’s an area of research that Yet antibiotic resistant bacteria could pose an increasingly serious has global significance.” threat to human health. Dr William Gaze, Senior Lecturer and Microbiology Expert

Bacteria comprise complex Identifying environmental reservoirs Assessing selection for antibiotic Bacteria and viral resistance 3 synergistic communities within our of novel antibiotic resistant genes 1 resistance in the natural environment 2 bodies, outnumbering our own cells Bacteria are locked in a continual to form ‘the human microbiome’. Previous research by microbiology Established theories indicate that ‘arms race’ with viruses that replicate These populations have evolved over Senior Lecturer Dr William Gaze selection for resistant bacteria and destroy bacterium cells — a hundreds of millions of years and has demonstrated that the natural usually occurs in the human body battle forcing bacteria to develop are fundamental to human health. environment can act as a reservoir when a patient is under antibiotic resistance and the virus to overcome Bacteria also include serious human of previously unknown antibiotic- therapy. However, recent research this resistance. To stay ahead, pathogens that cause a variety of resistant genes. By cloning DNA suggests environmental pollutants bacteria do not rely on genetic infectious diseases. These illnesses into antibiotic susceptible E. coli, (such as low concentrations mutations alone to generate are becoming harder to treat because Dr Gaze has shown that novel genes of antibiotics and other compounds immunity but acquire stretches of they have evolved antibiotic resistance. from the environment can help in the natural environment) could DNA from their environment as well. bacteria develop resistance to some be behind selection for The study of evolution in the laboratory of our most important antibiotics. antibiotic resistance. This ability to shuffle genes between is made possible by using bacteria different strains of bacteria is the as model organisms. Benefitting In response to these findings, To further understand these focus of work funded by a NERC from their short life cycle and ability Dr Gaze is coordinating research mechanisms, Research Fellow New Investigator Grant awarded to to acquire foreign DNA from other that will reveal how humans are Dr Lihong Zhang has engineered Lecturer Dr Michiel Vos. Dr Vos and bacteria, Centre researchers are exposed to these resistant pairs of E. coli strains that are his team are analysing the way in examining the rates of genetic organisms. Working with the identical apart from the presence which bacteria evolve to overcome change including mutation and the Environment Agency, his team of a single resistance gene. their own viruses and hope to show uptake of foreign DNA. We are also has screened bathing water from This allows competition experiments how bacteria become successful studying changes in behaviour beaches across England and Wales to be carried out in the laboratory human parasites. of bacteria, including pathogenicity to assess the risk to swimmers, to examine whether carriage of the and resistance to antibiotics — areas surfers and other beach users resistance gene allows one strain The study is using the aquatic that will have a serious impact of exposure to resistant bacteria. to outcompete the other, even at the pathogen Aeromonas, a freshwater on human health and the ability extremely low concentrations of species of bacteria that is a serious to fight disease. Preliminary results have confirmed antibiotics in polluted environments. pathogen problem in fish farms and that England’s bathing waters can can cause significant disease in This area of work is funded with contain significant numbers The team hopes that the findings humans. By cultivating bacteria and support from the Natural Environment of bacteria carrying clinically of this research will enable regulators their viruses (or ‘phages’) in the Research Council (NERC) and important antibiotic resistance to determine safe environmental laboratory, the team is testing involves partnerships with industry genes. Further investigations limits of antibiotic residues. whether the addition of DNA from and key organisations such as the UK will identify the sources of resistant strains can hasten the Environment Agency. Research on contamination, explore the ability development of viral resistance. microbial systems has cross-council of resistant organisms to survive appeal with funding opportunities and multiply in coastal environments, The findings should show how bacteria available from the Medical Research and propose measures to reduce 1 www.ecehh.org/publication/assessing-exposure- evolve and could be important Council, the Biotechnology and exposure risks. antibiotic-resistance in enabling the use of ‘phage therapy’ Biological Sciences Research Council 2 www.ecehh.org/publication/environmental- in combating disease. (BBSRC) and the UK Government’s pollutants-and-antibiotic-resistance Department for Environment, Food and 3 www.ecehh.org/publication/bacteria-and-viral- Rural Affairs (Defra). resistance

22 | Review 2011-12 23 | Review 2011-12 Wellbeing and the natural environment

A growing body of evidence suggests that the recreational use “Our research is already showing that the natural environment of natural environments can have a range of benefits, among them can offer physical and psychological benefits, we really want better health and longevity. Investigating the gains to human health to understand how to make the most of these advantages and and wellbeing that natural settings can offer is a research priority ensure that the message is appreciated by policy makers.” for the Centre. Dr Mathew White, Lecturer and Environmental Psychologist

It has been suggested that the Coastal populations see factors, the team has found that Blue space and exercise 2 Developing a new data Participating in environmental natural environment is an underused improved health 1 people are more likely to have good collection tool 3 enhancement activities 4 public health resource, particularly health the closer they live to the sea. An on-going study by the Centre in terms of its potential to enhance Researchers from the Centre are This positive link is strongest and Plymouth University suggests Biodiversity researchers from the Contact with nature is thought people’s physical and mental health. using data from the UK’s 2001 in the UK’s most economically that exercising in environments with Centre are working with Cornish to improve health and wellbeing and Research also indicates that aquatic Census to examine how health deprived communities. blue space, as opposed to urban company Sea Communications when combined with activities that or ‘blue spaces’ may provide even varies across the country. This or even green space, can improve to develop a pioneering digital tool also foster environmental stewardship greater benefits. multi-disciplinary analysis, lead by This study demonstrates that in fitness and health. that will capture information from (such as beach cleans or improving Research Fellow Dr Ben Wheeler, general, there is a beneficial link members of the public about their wildlife areas) nature-based activities Existing collaborative research at the draws together data from more than between health and the coast. Within highly controlled laboratory local natural environment. may initiate a reciprocal relationship Centre is assessing the nature of 48 million people. It is involving The research also backs existing settings this research, led by risk between the community and these benefits, how they arise and specialists in epidemiology, evidence that access to ‘good’ and health Lecturer Dr Mathew Initial funding for this project has its surroundings. how best to harness them. These psychology and visualisation. environments can help reduce White, is analysing how individuals come from the University of Exeter’s projects have input from several Allowing for variations in age, health inequalities. respond to cycling on an exercise Open Innovation Fund and is allowing Led by Senior Lecturer Dr Ruth disciplines, including public health, gender and social and economic bike while viewing moving images both researchers and Sea Garside, the Centre’s systematic planning, environmental of the coast, countryside or town. Communications to improve their review team is examining research psychology and geography. Over a period of four weeks, analyses of large amounts of data to assess the impact of participating participants ‘cycle through’ each gathered directly from public in environmental enhancement As part of this work, we are environment in turn as their mood, participation. The new interactive tool activities, in terms of changes in developing programmes designed arousal levels, heart rate and blood will enable participants to report and wellbeing and general health status, to improve health and wellbeing in pressure are measured. map information that relates to their social connectivity and self-esteem. the workplace. These initiatives can health, wellbeing, and, crucially, the Associate Research Fellow improve the health of a workforce, Early findings suggest that exercise type and quality of their surrounding Dr Kerryn Husk is assessing a community and an environment in each location has a similar effect environment. Led by Associate quantitative and qualitative evidence in addition to increasing productivity on the participants’ physiological Research Fellows, Dr Sahran and using input from a range of and efficiency. Several Cornish measures, but that the impact on the Higgins and Dr Rebecca Lovell, relevant organisations, such as the businesses and public sector individuals’ psychology is significantly it is hoped that the results of this Woodland Trust and Mind, to refine organisations are delivering novel different. When cycling with views initial study will feed into the the research focus. and nationally recognised of a coastal or ‘blue’ scene, development of a much larger workplace-based programmes. individuals were more positive, more project and advance Sea Ultimately the authors are hoping Our researchers are working with willing to do the ‘route’ again and felt Communication’s skills and expertise to create a conceptual model that a number of these companies to as though they had been exercising in web mapping — a key growth will describe the complex interactions develop rigorous evidence-based for significantly less time compared area for its business. taking place between involvement initiatives that will support training to other environments. The team is in environmental enhancement and the dissemination of best hoping that outside of the laboratory, activities and health and well-being, practice throughout Cornwall and Image: Exhale CIC ‘blue’ environments may prove most as well as the impacts on different the rest of the UK. effective in encouraging people to groups of individuals. This study exercise more often and for longer. is funded with support from the 1 www.ecehh.org/publication/does-living-coast- 3 www.ecehh.org/publication/inhabitat-project National Institute for Health improve-health-and-wellbeing Research’s School for Public 4 www.ecehh.org/publication/what-are-health-and- Health Research and is registered 2 www.ecehh.org/publication/psycho- wellbeing-impacts-participating-activities- physiological-responses-indoor-cycling- enhance-environment with the Cochrane Public different-environments Health Group.

24 | Review 2011-12 25 | Review 2011-12 Wellbeing and the natural environment

Working with the NHS 1 In conjunction with these activities, Web-based horizon scanning 2 Deepening our knowledge in-depth qualitative data have been of relationships between nature, Healthcare professionals in the gathered from four Cornish Horizon scanning is an integral health and wellbeing 3 United Kingdom have higher levels businesses, including the Cornish part of the Centre’s strategy, of absence and sickness, Pasty company, Ginsters, and from giving researchers and businesses Dr Ben Wheeler and Dr Mathew dissatisfaction, distress and burnout interviews with NHS staff. These vital insights into the direction that White have secured funding through at work than staff in other sectors. data, along with an ESF funded research should take. By its very ESRC’s Secondary Data Analysis In trying to redress this trend, PhD, are revealing how workplace nature, horizon scanning requires Initiative to study how different workplace health initiatives have initiatives are perceived by the continuous acquisition of new types and qualities of natural tended to adopt approaches that employees, and how the conditions information to anticipate concerns, environment can affect human do not take into account the complex for creating a sustainable healthy collect reliable data about them and health and wellbeing. nature of health care systems. workplace are achieved. inform critical decisions. Research Subsequently, these programmes led by Associate Research Fellow Much of the related research have limited sustainability and the The Centre’s Sustainable Workplace Dr Marco Palomino is using the to date has considered ‘green success of an intervention in one Advisor, Jane Abraham, is working existing infrastructure of proven space’ in general, with no setting is not replicated in another. closely with the hospital senior search engines to automate the differentiation between types management team at Royal Cornwall human-intensive process or qualities of environment. Academics at the Centre, Hospital Trust to apply this research of seeking information and The researchers will be using some in partnership with the National to the development of an NHS identifying new trends. of the UK’s existing datasets Institute for Health Research healthy workplace programme. to assess how environment type Collaboration for Leadership Working with the University of Exeter and quality can affect human health in Applied Health Research and Business School and insurance and wellbeing. Care for the South West Peninsula industry giant Lloyd’s of London, (PenCLAHRC), and led by Dr Palomino’s work is being used The project will use large secondary Research Fellows Dr Sarah Brand to frame decision making about datasets allowing the team to address and Dr Julie Pepper with Senior novel risks in the insurance industry. complex research questions. Lecturer Dr Katrina Wyatt, are The horizon scanning prototype Researchers will also investigate attempting to address these issues software is also providing the UK local trends using ecological data by developing a workplace health Department of Health with an from the Environmental Records and wellbeing initiative within the unbiased assessment of issues Centre for Cornwall and the Isles NHS. The project is guided by the surrounding proton beam therapy. of Scilly. The project will involve principles of complexity theory and several Centre researchers and has is underpinned by a rigorous Dr Palomino’s model is now focused an advisory board including systematic review. Trends in the on forecasting new developments in representatives from Cornwall conditions required for workplace eHealth and wellbeing, work which Wildlife Trust, Natural England wellbeing are emerging. is vital in shaping future research and Forest Research. of interest to the Centre, Cornwall Council and beyond. 1 www.ecehh.org/publication/healthy- workplace-project

2 www.ecehh.org/publication/web-based-horizon- scanning-concepts-and-practice

3 www.ecehh.org/publication/beyond-greenspace

26 | Review 2011-12 Collaboration, engagement and impact

Research in the UK and internationally is increasingly being driven by the need to collaborate with industry, the community and policy makers to ensure growth, impact, and innovation. Through our programme of regional research, the Centre is working closely with Cornish businesses and developing findings that will have international application and influence.

A strong knowledge-based economy Formulating research based Assessing a new housing project ‘In Residence’ programme is crucial to the economic and social spin-out companies wellbeing of the UK. This is even Working directly with Cornish The Centre has initiated an more relevant in the current economic Research into sustainable and social enterprise Ocean Housing, ‘In Residence’ programme to help climate and is exemplified in regions healthy workplaces has led Centre environmental psychologist Dr Mathew stimulate collaborative research such as Cornwall. The realised and staff member Ms Jane Abraham to White is assessing the health and questions and pilot projects. The aim potential impacts that scientific develop plans to establish a healthy wellbeing of residents as they move of the scheme is to establish and findings have are central to the workplace spin-out company. The into a pioneering new eco-development. improve relationships between future of research globally. They are company, FLOURISH, will provide individuals and within businesses scrutinised by research councils, research-based input to Cornwall’s To understand the impact of the by better understanding the needs, international research funds and Healthy and Sustainable Workplace new development, Ocean Housing constraints and targets of all high level publications. Programme. needs accurate analysis of the parties involved. development’s effects on elderly The Centre is engaging with local, As a result of the Centre’s support, residents. The team hopes By enabling researchers and national and global organisations Research Fellow Dr Adam Pollard the collaborative project will give businesses to work closely together, through accessible events, seminars has started a new Cornish company, researchers and developers joint research, training and business and outreach programmes. These Porthilly Holdings, which is a greater insight into the potential initiatives will be developed that are initiatives are leading to meaningful developing software to help the benefits of this type of housing collaborative and mutually beneficial. and sustainable research NHS increase its energy efficiency initiative, particularly for those The project is simultaneously collaborations and partnerships. and reduce its carbon footprint. with disabilities and supporting the flow of information The Centre operates on a range health-related immobility. and expertise between business of levels – from networking events, and academia. one to one meetings and international fora, to highly focused UK Research Council and EU projects.

As well as these essential business links, we want to engage the people of Cornwall and the South West in debate that will energise and promote the field of environment and human health. Over the last year, our programme of business and community-focused events has brought together academics “Being able to work with the European and representatives from a range of organisations to discuss Centre, and to be part of research that burgeoning issues and the will add value to our programme is contribution of research to their study. going to be vital to our survival and growth – it’s really important to us.”

Emma Fowle, Exhale

28 | Review 2011-12 29 | Review 2011-12 Collaboration, engagement and impact

Bringing people together Collaborative conferences Enterprise-focused events Supporting Nuffield Foundation Providing photographic inspiration Getting the message out student placements Supported by the ESF and In October 2011, we partnered The Centre has organised As part of our efforts to encourage Since the Centre’s launch in May coordinated by the Centre, the Cornwall Council in hosting a concerted programme of events In August 2012, the Centre hosted the exploration of science through 2011, we have attempted to raise biannual Peninsula Environment a two-day conference — to stimulate discussion and initiate two students from Cornish secondary art, the Centre worked with Truro awareness and understanding and Human Health Forum is creating Enterprise, Wellbeing and partnerships between academics schools on a Nuffield Foundation and Penwith College to set its FdA of our activities and their importance. an expanding network of researchers, Environment. The event comprised and business. Events have included Science Bursary. The scheme is Action Photography students an In conjunction with academic journals businesses and third sector interactive seminars on business a Business of Climate Change designed to give first year A level artistic brief leading to a week-long and conferences, we have distributed organisations in the South West. theory, science communication, seminar at which media and students a hands-on experience of exhibition. The task was based material to a broad group With a focus on research and policy health and wellbeing, and policy, communications companies academic research. It was held in around the Centre’s environment of audiences using our website, development, the forum represents and involved speakers from the US discussed how best to convey Cornwall for the first time in 2012. and human health themes. a quarterly newsletter and local a key facet of the Centre’s interaction and University of Exeter Business climate science to lay audiences. It challenged students to interpret an and national media. with enterprise and its success School. It attracted 150 participants A second example, Enabling Access The students’ enthusiasm, maturity element of the themes and use pho- is reflected in its rising membership, from businesses across the South to the Environment, explored the use and the quality of their final reports tography to explore its human and with more than 80 delegates West. In November 2012 the Centre of the environment by disadvantaged impressed everyone at the Centre abstract form - with great results. attending each event. and the Eden Project ran a second or disabled people. underlining the importance of this two-day conference on sustainable kind of outreach. More information on the Forum change and the use of complexity A special interest group initiated can be found at theory within communities and the by the Centre has evolved to focus www.ecehh.org/forum workplace, showcasing success on children’s health and outdoor stories from Cornish businesses play. The group is led by an industry and communities. chair and is made up of children’s play equipment manufacturers, product and landscape designers, clinicians, schools and academics. “The research carried out by the European Centre is fundamental It already sees itself as a bid-ready to what I do because time and again, clients want proof that stakeholder group, focused on informing research and policy and investing money in improved environments will have a real impact the development of business on their service users and stakeholders. If I can have access products and services. to research data and academics working at the cutting edge of the field, I go out armed to make an effective and convincing “I cannot over emphasise just how important the academic argument to people who are going to invest in the kinds collaboration with the European Centre has been to the success of services I provide.” of our work - it has informed strategy, programme writing and perceived value. The partnership makes our work unique Mike Westley, Director at Westley Design and explicitly exposes those much neglected qualitative as well as quantitative indicators and results.”

Mod Le Froy, Director at Global Boarders

30 | Review 2011-12 31 | Review 2011-12 Training the next generation of researchers

The Centre has 18 collaborative PhD studentships in the field of environment and human health. Students will develop high level research skills and meet the needs of business partners in Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly.

Many of these studentships are Blue space benefits for children 2 is also assessing the impact this funded by the European Social Fund can have on allergic and respiratory under its Convergence regeneration In order to deliver sound scientific diseases in residents. programme for Cornwall and the foundations to their programmes Isles of Scilly. Each of these projects of work, the Centre and Cornish The first part of the pilot work is involves interdisciplinary collaboration social enterprise, Exhale, have created underway, with the collaboration between two academic institutions an ESF-funded PhD exploring the ultimately hoping to feed its findings and a Cornwall-based business. benefits to children of interacting with into Coastline Housing’s public health The inclusion of a business partner the aquatic environment. policies and messages. is crucial to the goals of the initiative with study design and objectives The project is also working with Storytelling, children and the feeding into the long-term development a second Cornish company, Global natural environment 4 of each company’s skill base. Boarders, to give both firms and student Ms Rebecca Jenkin what As part of an ESF-funded PhD, Exploring perceptions is thought to be an unprecedented student Mr Philip Waters is working of shellfish consumption 1 insight into the positive impacts with the Eden Project to analyse for the of ‘blue space’ on youngsters’ first time the use of stories to introduce To better understand shellfish psychological health. key concepts, such as social responsibility purchasing decisions, and to improve and environmental sustainability, into communication between the industry The research is giving both children’s experiences of nature. and the public, Cornish company organisations a long-term opportunity Aquatic Water Services is to engage with academic research Children’s ability to access the outdoor collaborating with the Centre and better understand the way the environment increasingly has to compete on an ESF-funded PhD project. coastal environment can affect with attractions such as computer games, children’s health and wellbeing. TV, social networking,mobile phones The shellfish industry is an important and concerns about health and safety. part of both the Cornish and UK Understanding the links between This research should reveal how stories economy. Shellfish landings were housing and health 3 influence youngsters’ physical activity. worth £11m in 2011 and several The aim is to enhance children’s “This has been such a refreshing shellfish farms are located in the county. Better insulation and more effective environmental awareness and desire Research has identified the numerous ways of sealing buildings have to spend time outdoors. and positive experience for us. factors influencing the foods people improved energy efficiency but have The professionalism, level of knowledge choose to eat. This interdisciplinary also changed the way that homes are The research supports the Eden Project’s project is exploring these factors in the ventilated. This may adversely affect policies of social inclusion, community and fresh approach that working with context of shellfish — an area where domestic living conditions. engagement and child education, and a PhD student has brought has captured data are currently lacking. will provide expert analysis to inform To understand how this might happen, its teaching programme. everyone’s enthusiasm. High-quality The project is being supervised by Cornish company Coastline Housing research is critical to any future 1 www.ecehh.org/publication/sea-saucepan academics from diverse backgrounds is working with ESF-funded PhD decisions we make, so its importance and the broad range of skills on offer student Mr Richard Sharpe to study 2 www.ecehh.org/publication/blue-gym-kids is enabling student Mr Nick Boase how building design and occupant 3 can’t be underestimated.” to approach the project in a truly behaviour can increase exposure www.ecehh.org/publication/health-and-housing holistic fashion. to mould and spores. The research 4 www.ecehh.org/publication/narrative-journey Mark England, Head of Technical Services, Coastline Housing

32 | Review 2011-12 33 | Review 2011-12 Training the next generation of researchers

A full list of our PhD projects. “We’re always looking at new ways to encourage children to love the outdoors, so we’re really interested in a detailed analysis of ‘narrative journeys’. We see it as highly relevant to our charitable aims, our business development and how we engage youngsters both at Eden and in the wider world.”

Jane Knight, Landscape Architect, Eden Project

Student Name PhD Project Academic Supervisors Business Partner (s) Start Date Student Name PhD Project Academic Supervisors Business Partner (s) Start Date

Sarah Bell Perceptions and use of greenspace Dr Cassandra Phoenix 1 Westley Design 01/12/2011 Kloe Wood Lyndorff Enhancing the entrepreneurial capacity Dr Tim Taylor 1 WALKIT Cornwall 01/10/2011 areas: Implications for landscape Dr Melvyn Hillsdon 2 Cornwall Sports of Cornish SMEs: Innovating lifestyle Prof Gareth Shaw 7 design, health and wellbeing Partnership services around the Blue Gym concept Richard Sharpe Health and housing: Are the new Dr Nicholas Osborne 1 Coastline Housing Ltd 01/11/2011 Nick Boase From sea to saucepan: Investigating Dr Mathew White 1 Aquatic Water Services 06/06/2012 measures employed to better heat Dr Christopher Thornton 3 stakeholder perceptions to inform Dr Clare Redshaw 1 housing leading to more atopic diseases communication within the UK shellfish Dr William Gaze 1 via exposure to dampness, moulds industry and fungal spores? Aaron Robertson An in vitro investigation into the effects Dr Alison Curnow 4 JR Board Radon 01/09/2010 Cherry Buckwell How can environmental and societal Dr Katrina Wyatt 4 Ginsters of Cornwall 01/11/2011 of radon and ultraviolet radiation on Remediation Air Tech conditions for sustainable changes Prof Lora Fleming 1 human skin cells Environmental Systems in health and wellbeing behaviours Josey Field Coast, countryside and The National Dr Cassandra Phoenix 1 National Trust 01/10/2011 be created? Trust: Examining the role of outdoor Shukru Esmene Low carbon vehicles: Energy, emissions Dr Tim Taylor 1 EcoDrive 01/10/2011 physical activity in young adults’ sense and impacts on behaviour Prof Clive Sabel 5 of belonging. 5 Dr Bridget Woodman Andrea Harvey The value of a healthy marine environment Prof Lora Fleming 1 01/10/2011 Rebecca Jenkin Blue Gym for kids - promoting child health Dr Mathew White 1 Global Boarders 01/10/2011 Prof Michael Depledge 1 and wellbeing using Cornwall’s coastal Dr Sabine Pahl 6 Exhale CIC Dr Melanie Austin 10 environment: A complex Dr Caroline Hattam 10 interventions approach Julie Hollenbeck Effective knowledge mobilisation Dr Cassandra Phoenix 1 01/10/2011 David McNeil Valuing ecosystem services in the Isles Dr Tim Taylor 1 The Duchy of Cornwall 01/10/2011 in a socially deprived coastal Prof Lora Fleming 1 of Scilly: Achieveing benefits for local Prof Richard Owen 7 The Council of the Isles community: The case of marine Dr Katrina Wyatt 4 enterprise of Scilly environmental awareness John Rowe Positioning the environment as a health Dr Tim Taylor 1 Global Boarders 01/10/2011 Joanna Ross Narrating transitions into retirement: Dr Cassandra Phoenix 1 01/10/2010 and wellbeing resource: Innovation for Prof Richard Owen 7 Exploring the role of physical activity Prof Michael Depledge 1 market creation in the natural environment Mark Cherrie Understanding the relationship between Dr Nicholas Osborne 1 Met Office 01/10/2011 Under recruitment Are bacterial pathogens in the coastal Dr William Gaze 1 01/2012 solar irradiance, vitamin D and its effect Prof Trevor Bailey 8 zone a threat to human health? on health in populations Under recruitment Disability and the Blue Gym in Cornwall: Dr Tim Taylor 1 01/2012 Philip Waters Narrative journey, a pedagogical tool Dr Ian Frampton 1 Eden Project 01/10/2011 Assessing market potential based on connecting children and nature: Social, Sue Waite 9 Big Fish Ventures quality of life enhancement for those with health and environmental benefits restricted ability and their carers

1 European Centre for Environment 4 Peninsula College of Medicine & Dentistry 8 College of Engineering, Mathematics & Human Health 5 Geography, University of Exeter & Physical Sciences, University of Exeter 2 9 Sports & Health Sciences, University of Exeter 6 School of Psychology, Plymouth University School of Education, Plymouth University 3 Biosciences, University of Exeter 7 University of Exeter Business School 10 Plymouth Marine Laboratory MSc in environment and human health

The MSc in environment and human health was launched in January 2012 in response to demand from both business and the third sector. With funding support from the ESF this full-time and part-time course has been developed with reference to the requirements of the Chartered Institute of Environmental Health and the UK Faculty of Public Health. www.exeter.ac.uk/medicine/mscenvironmenthealth

The programme offers students are from organisations already In one such example, organisers the opportunity to advance their involved in business engagement and course leaders from University knowledge, skills and understanding activities, underlining the success College Falmouth’s MA in broadcast of current issues in environment of the Centre’s relationship with journalism challenged students and human health sciences. It will local enterprise. to run mock press conferences equip them with the skills necessary on contentious local environmental to critically analyse and synthesise Visitors from the Met Office, Age UK and health issues. The conferences information. The course is designed and the World Health Organisation, were then edited for real time to provide a detailed understanding and specialists in epidemiology and television broadcast by University of ecological public health and the geographical information systems College Falmouth’s students, giving relationship between health and from the Centre itself have been an insight into the pressures faced the environment, as well as the among the experts contributing to by the media and potential pitfalls social determinants of health the programme. Course coordinator, of poor communication. and healthcare systems. Dr Ian Frampton, has been keen to give the students as much of an The launch of the course attracted insight into the practical application considerable interest within of their curriculum as possible and Cornwall, with 15 of the 16 students has organised several field trips in the first cohort coming from the and exercises based on real-world county. Several of these students scenarios.

“I’ve really enjoyed this course. It’s given me a huge insight into the breadth of the subject and helped me define where I want my career to go.”

Rachael Young, Cornwall Council

36 | Review 2011-12 External advice and support

The European Centre is extremely fortunate to have an international board of experts providing advice and support. The Advisory Board help to direct our research and engagement activities and advise on new opportunities and collaborations.

The Board is chaired by Professor Michael Depledge and is comprised of members from the private and public sector and experts in local, national and international environment and human health. The Board meets biannually to review the Centre’s activities and achievement of its targets. It also provides guidance and advice on future development and strategic direction.

Prof Michael Depledge (Chair) Prof Anthony Kessell Dr Tony Kendle European Centre for Environment Health Protection Agency Eden Foundation and Human Health, University of Exeter Medical School Prof George Morris Dr Jacqui McGlade Independent expert in European Environment Agency Prof Lora Fleming environmental public health European Centre for Environment Dr David Gee and Human Health, University Mr John Rea Independent expert of Exeter Medical School Defra in environmental risk

Mr Kevin Lavery Mr Wayne Elliott Ms Suzanne Bond Cornwall Council World Meteorological Organisation Cornwall Development Company

Mr Mark Duddridge Mr Richard Robinson Mr Chris Pomfrett Ginsters Food Paul Hamlyn Foundation Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Local Enterprise Partnership Prof Kevin Gaston Prof Angela Shore Environment and Sustainability University of Exeter Medical School Prof Peter Part Institute, University of Exeter European Environment Agency Dr Stephen Holgate Prof Steve Rowland University of Southampton Laura Burke University of Plymouth Environmental Protection Dr Julia Slingo Agency, Ireland Prof Steve Thornton Met Office University of Exeter Medical School

38 | Review 2011-12 39 | Review 2011-12 Our research team

We have an ever expanding team of research and support staff. For full profiles and contact details visit www.ecehh.org/people

Prof Lora Fleming Prof Michael Depledge Prof Clive Sabel Dr Ruth Garside Dr William Gaze Dr Ian Alcock Dr James Allen Nick Bearman Dr Meridith Griffin Dr Sahran Higgins Centre Director Chair of Advisory Board Associate Professor Senior Lecturer Senior Lecturer Associate Research Associate Research Associate Research Associate Research Associate Research Fellow Fellow Fellow Fellow Fellow

Dr Cassandra Phoenix Dr Nicholas Osborne Dr Gyorgy Fejer Dr Ian Frampton Dr Clare Redshaw Dr Kerryn Husk Gyula Kothencz Dr Rebecca Lovell Dr Jonathan McQuillan Dr Rebecca Moran Senior Lecturer Senior Research Fellow Lecturer Lecturer Lecturer Associate Research Associate Research Associate Research Associate Research Associate Research Fellow Fellow Fellow Fellow Fellow

Dr Tim Taylor Dr Michiel Vos Dr Mathew White Dr Katherine Ashbullby Dr Sarah Brand Dr Noreen Orr Dr Ivy Shiue Pawel Sierocinski Dr Will Stahl-Timmins Dr Jessica Tyrrell Lecturer Lecturer Lecturer Research Fellow Research Fellow Associate Research Associate Research Associate Research Associate Research Associate Research Fellow Fellow Fellow Fellow Fellow

Dr Marco Palomino Dr Adam Pollard Dr Philip Staddon Dr Mark Taylor Dr Ben Wheeler Dr Lihong Zhang Jane Abraham Emma Bland Catherine Hale Thandie Hara Research Fellow Research Fellow Research Fellow Research Fellow Research Fellow Associate Research Healthy Workplace Centre Manager Knowledge Exchange Knowledge Exchange Fellow Advisor Officer Officer

40 | Review 2011-12 41 | Review 2011-12 Credits

The European Centre for Environment and Human Health is part of the University of Exeter Medical School and is part financed by the European Regional Development Fund Programme 2007 to 2013 and European Social Fund Convergence Programme for Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly.

The Sunday Times University of the Year 2012-13, the University of Exeter is a Russell Group university and in the top one percent of institutions globally. It combines world-class research with very high levels of student satisfaction. Exeter has over 18,000 students and is ranked 7th in The Sunday Times University Guide, 10th in the UK in The Times Good University Guide 2012 and 10th in the Guardian University Guide. In the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise (RAE) 90% of the University’s research was rated as being at internationally recognised levels and 16 of its 31 subjects are ranked in the top 10, with 27 subjects ranked in the top 20.

For more information visit www.exeter.ac.uk

The Department for Communities and Local Government is the managing authority for the European Regional Development Fund Programme, which is one of the funds established by the European Commission to help local areas stimulate their economic development by investing in projects which will support local businesses and create jobs.

For more information visit www.communities.gov.uk/erdf

European Social Fund Division, part of the Department of Work and Pensions, is the managing authority for the European Social Fund (ESF) Convergence, which is one of the funds established by the European © Commission to help local areas stimulate their economic development. ESF Convergence invests in the economic regeneration of Cornwall & Isles Salutogen of Scilly, investing in people, their jobs and skills.

For more information visit www.dwp.gov.uk/esf and www.cornwallworks.org.uk • Lowers blood pressure Design: www.jordanblyth.com • Lowers heart rate • Promotes wellbeing

Available from all parks, seashores, forests or countryside near you. This document was printed on material made from 100 per cent recovered fibre

European Centre for Environment and Human Health

University of Exeter Medical School +44 (0)1872 258131 Knowledge Spa [email protected] Royal Cornwall Hospital Truro, Cornwall, TR1 3HD www.ecehh.org