Index of Archives

Home , Leblanc process, Leuna works, Mekog

Cambridge University Press 0521827264 - German Industry and Global Enterprise BASF: The History of a Company Werner Abelshauser, Wolfgang von Hippel, Jeffrey Allan Johnson and Raymond G. Stokes Index More information

Index of Archives

BASF IG IG Farben Archive in the BASF corporate archive, Ludwigshafen, Germany BASF RA BASF Rechtsabteilung [Legal Department], Ludwigshafen, Germany BASF UA BASF Unternehmensarchiv [Corporate Archive], Ludwigshafen, Germany BAK Bundesarchiv [German Federal Archive], Koblenz, Germany BAL Bundesarchiv [German Federal Archive], Berlin-Lichterfelde, Germany BAMA Bundesarchiv – Militararchiv¨ [German Federal Archive – Militaryarchive], Freiburg, Germany BAP Bundesarchiv [German Federal Archive], formerlythe Potsdam collection, Berlin, Germany Bayer Bayer Werksarchiv [Bayer Factory Archive], Leverkusen, Germany BP ARC B[ritish] P[etroleum] Amoco Archive in Modern Record Centre, Universityof Warwick, United Kingdom EFP Emil Fischer Papers, Bancroft Library, University of California at Berkeley, California GARF Archive of the Russian Federation, Moscow GLA General Landesarchiv [General Land Archive] Ludwigshafen, Germany Hoechst Hoechst Archive, Frankfurt-Hochst,¨ Germany IWM Imperial War Museum, London LAM Landesarchiv [Land Archive], Merseburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany MGFrC Archive of the French MilitaryGovernment in Germany,Colmar, France NA National Archives, College Park, Maryland NI Records of the U.S. Nuremberg War Crimes Trials: NI Series, 1933–1948, U.S. National Archives, Record Group 238, Microﬁlm T 301 PAT Privatarchiv of Dr. Bernhard D. Timm, Torquay, United Kingdom PRO Public Record Ofﬁce, Kew, London USHMM U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, D.C. WWA Wirtschaftsarchiv des Instituts fur¨ Weltwirtschaft [Economic Archive of the Institute for the World Economy], Kiel, Germany SALU Stadtarchiv [Municipal Archive] Ludwigshafen, Germany UAM Unternehmensarchiv [Corporate Archive] McKinsey& Company,D usseldorf,¨ Germany

643

© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521827264 - German Industry and Global Enterprise BASF: The History of a Company Werner Abelshauser, Wolfgang von Hippel, Jeffrey Allan Johnson and Raymond G. Stokes Index More information

Index of Corporations

Abott Laboratories, 609 BASF Coatings B.V., 598 Agfa-Gevaert AG, 588 BASF Colors & Chemicals, Inc. (BCC), 517 AIWA Co., 585–6 BASF Corporation, 497, 512, 525, 533, 539, Aktiengesellschaft fur¨ Anilinfabrikation 542, 581, 583, 588, 616 (Agfa), 7, 69, 80, 92, 127, 129–33, 135–6, BASF Espanola,´ 497 147, 151, 164, 168–9, 191, 214, 218, 221, BASF Farben + Fasern AG, 558, 595, 598 247, 475, 578, 583–5, 588 BASF Generics GmbH, 609 Algemene Kunstzijde Unie N.V. (AKU), 518 BASF Holding AG, Zurich,¨ 574 Allgemeine Elektricitats-Gesellschaft¨ (AEG), BASF Inc., 514, 539–40 162, 268, 502, 577 BASF Industrias´ Quımicas,´ Sao Paulo, 497 Allianz, 393 BASF Inmont Corp., 542 American Enka Co., 542 BASF Magnetics GmbH, 588 American Home Products, 616 BASF Mexicana S.A., 543 Ammoniak Unie N.V., 493, 543 BASF Lacke und Farben AG, 598 Ammoniakwerke Merseburg GmbH (see BASF Overzee N.V., 514, 516, 526, 546 Leunawerke), 186, 214, 223 BASF Spinntechnik AG, 558, 595 Anglo-Persian Oil Co., 255 BASF Systems Corp. (BSC), 582 Anilinfabrik Weiler (Weiler aniline factory), BASF Systems, Inc. (BSI), 540, 581, 589 12 BASF Wyandotte Corp. (BWC), 534 Anorgana GmbH, Gendorf, 457, 458, 577 BASF-Werk Huls¨ (see Huls¨ Chemical Works) Association of German Engineers (Verein BASF-Werk Oppau, 152–72, 174–86, Deutscher Ingenieure), 80 190–201, 207–8, 212, 217, 221–4, Atlas Insurance Corporation 233–45, 250–1, 258, 260–9, 271–5, 280, (Atlas-Versicherungs-Gesellschaft), 36 295, 307, 319, 327–8, 331–6, 339–40, Auguste Viktoria (AV) (see Gewerkschaft AV) 348–9, 351–60, 362–3, 369, 371, 375, Azot Sanayii T.A.S., 459 380–1, 415, 432, 486, 488, 561 BASF-Werk Schkopau (see Buna-Werke B & F Microdisks, 588 GmbH) Badische Co., 135 Basﬁn Corp., 522, 523 Badische Corp. (BC), 541 Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij N.V., Badische Gesellschaft fur¨ Gasbeleuchtung, 9 543 Badische Notenbank, 36 Bayer AG, 7, 13, 20, 28, 37, 44, 53, 62, 65, Badische Phillips Petroleum N.V. (Badiphil), 69, 71, 76, 81, 86, 90–2, 124–5, 127, 494 129–36, 150–1, 157, 164, 166, 169, 173, Badische Products, 546 182–3, 185, 191, 194, 203, 214, 217, 237, Bank deutscher Lander¨ (BdL), 393 261, 299, 307, 339, 353, 358, 360, 367, BASF Antwerpen N.V. (Basant), 492–5, 497, 369, 373, 378, 388, 455–61, 463–4, 499, 511, 544, 548, 558, 564, 567 466–75, 479–80, 502, 520–1, 529, 540, BASF Argentina S.A., 558 544–5, 552, 555, 560, 584, 593–4, 599, BASF Brasileira S.A., 497, 614 606, 608–9

645

646 Index of Corporations

Bayerische Hypotheken- und Wechselbank, Chemical Foundation, Inc., 188 550 Chemico, 494 Bayerische Kriegsfursorge,¨ 365 Chemie Grunenthal¨ GmbH, 606 Bayerische Staatsbank (Bavarian State Bank), Chemiefaser AG, 551 365, 393 Chemieverwaltungs-AG, 461, 463–4, Bayerische Stickstoffwerke, 166 466–72 Beaunit Mills, 519 Chemische Fabrik Dyckerhoff, Clemm & Beecham Group plc., 607 Comp., 12 Benzene Sales Association Chemische Fabrik Griesheim-Electron, (Benzolverkaufsvereinigung), 127 214 Berliner Diskontobank, 16 Chemische Fabrik Holten GmbH, 371 Bindschedler, Busch & Co., 91 Chemische Fabrik von Heyden, 140 Bizonal IG Farben Control Ofﬁce (BIFCO), Chemische Fabriken vorm. Weiler-ter Meer, 358 214 Blaupunkt GmbH, 587 Chemische Reichsanstalt, 145 Bonaval-Werk GmbH, 592 Chemische Verwertungsgesellschaft Bonn-Meuser & Co., 576 Oberhausen mbH, 371 Boots Pharmaceutics, 609 Chemische Werke Huls¨ GmbH (CWH, see Boots CompanyPLC, 609 Huls¨ Chemical Works) Bosch, 587 Chemische Werke Lothringen, 156, 163 Braunkohlen-Benzin AG (BRABAG), Coal Syndicate, 127, 438 258–60, 262, 270, 278–9 Coal Utilization CompanyLimited Bristol-Meyers Corporation, 607 (Kohleverwertungsgesellschaft mbH, British Alizarine Co., 92 Essen), 463 British Cotton Printers’ Purchasing Compagnie Chimique de la Mediterran´ ee´ Association, 127 (COCHIME), 543 British Petrol (BP), 255 Compagnie Nationale des Matieres` Brooke, Simpson & Spiller, 92 Colorantes et des Produits Chimiques Brown, Boveri & Cie. (BBC). Mannheim, (CNMC), 187 428, 502 Companhia de Produtos Quimicos Brunner, Mond & Co., 186 “Idrongal”, 574 Bull, 579 Comparex Informationssysteme GmbH, Buna GmbH, 464 587–8, 614 Buna-Werke GmbH, Schkopau, 207, 262, Computron, Inc., 543, 546, 548, 577, 280–2, 286, 308, 316, 320, 328, 463 579–80, 589 Bunawerke Huls¨ GmbH (see Huls¨ Buna Continental Color & Chemical Co., 135 Works, BWH) Continental Versicherungs-Gesellschaft, 36 Bund der technisch-industriellen Beamten (Butib), 150 Dahl & Co., 20, 92 Burt, Boulton & Haywood, 90 DAPG (Esso), 229 Buttner-Schilde-Haas¨ AG (BSH), Krefeld, Dawe’s Laboratories, 604 531 Degussa (siehe Deutsche Gold- und Byk-Gulden-Lomberg GmbH, Constance, Silberscheideanstalt) 602–3 Deutsche Ammoniak Verkaufs-Vereinigung (DAVV), 156–7, 180 C. F. Boehringer & Sohne,¨ 20 Deutsche Bank, 128, 166, 173, 184, 359, Caro-Frank-Kalkstickstoff-Werke, 166, 190, 363, 397, 399, 405, 408, 419, 421, 466–7, 180 559, 593 Cassella Farbwerke Mainkur AG, 7, 69, Deutsche Bundesbank, 409 128–9, 137, 185, 367, 369, 458, 460–1, Deutsche Gasolin AG, 218 468–70, 472, 604–5 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur¨ Central Bank of the State Schadlingsbek¨ ampfung¨ mbH (Degesch), Rhineland-Palatinate, 365–6 181, 329, 330, 366, 496

Index of Corporations 647

Deutsche Gold- und Silberscheideanstalt Federal Oil Conservation Board, 225 (Degussa), 181, 329–30, 366, 496 Federation of Associations for the Protection Deutsche Industriebank, 341 of Shareholders (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft Schutzvereinigungen fur¨ Wertpapierbesitz (DLG), 166 Dusseldorf),¨ 366, 397–9 Deutsche Raiffeisen-Warenzentrale, 552 Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., 465 Deutsche Shell AG, 441, 443, 449 Francolor S.A., 297 Deutsche Vereinsbank in Frankfurt a. M., Friedrich Bayer & Co., 13 36, 99 Friedrichshutte,¨ 13 Deutscher Patentschutzverein, 80 Fritzsche Dodge & Olcoft (FDO), 608 Deutsches Institut fur¨ technische Fuji Photo Film USA, Inc., 588 Arbeitsschulung (DINTA), 252 Dow Badische (Chemical) Co. (DB), 514, Gasmulti OAD Gasprom, 610 520, 523, 526–7, 531–4, 546, 555, 567 G. Siegle & Co. GmbH, 595 Dow Chemical Co., 430, 441, 502, 514, Gelsenberg-Benzin AG, 461 521 Gelsenkirchener Bergwerks AG (GBAG), Dr. Beck & Co. AG, 594 381 Dr. Heinrich von Brunck Memorial Gemeinnutziges¨ Wohnungsunternehmen Foundation, 421 BASF GmbH (Gewoge), 476 Dr. Kurt Herberts & Co.-Chemische Werke, General Electric (GE), 579, 589 Wuppertal, 591 Generic Products, 609 Dreibund (see little IG), 7, 89, 125, 127, Gerling Group, 393 131, 134–7, 144, 146, 171, 172, 190 German Chemical Society(Deutsche Dreiverband, 7 Chemische Gesellschaft), 80 Dresdner Bank, 466–7, 469, 471, 553 German Federation of Labor (Deutscher Duisburger Kupferhutte¨ AG, 72, 101 Gewerkschaftsbund, DGB), 357, 415 DuPont, 439, 458, 480, 534, 607 German Labor Front (Deutsche Arbeitsfront, DAF), 251–2, 272, 292, 325 Elastomer AG, 540, 548 German Marshall Plan Bank (Kreditanstalt Ellba, 541 fur¨ Wiederaufbau, KfW), 363, 389, EMI, 578 395–6, 402 Emtec, 588 German Patent Protection Society(Deutscher Engelhorn & Cie, 36 Patentschutz Verein), 80 English Electric, 579 Gesellschaft fur¨ Anilinfabrikation, 13 ESSO AG (see also Standard Oil of New Gesellschaft fur¨ chemische Industrie Basel, Jersey), 218, 227–9, 255, 279, 281, 396, 141 441, 465 Gewerkschaft Auguste Victoria, 136, 370, 373, 438, 452, 462, 468, 485, 500–1, 545 Fabricacion´ Nacional de Colorantes y Glasurit (G.B.) Ltd., 542, 592 Explosivos S.A. (FNCE), 458 Glasurit AG, 542, 546, 590–5, 598, 614 Fabrikarbeiterverband (FAV), 149 Glasurit America Inc., 542 Farbenwerke Bayer AG, 368 Glasurit do Brasil, 598, 614 Farbwerke vorm. Meister Lucius & Bruning¨ Glasurit Italiana S.R.L., 592 (Hoechst), 66, 69 Glasurit-Werke M. Winkelmann AG, 590 Federal Agencyfor EmploymentServices and Griesheim-Elektron, 71, 92, 152, 169, 172, Unemployment Insurance, Nuremberg, 191 393 Grundig AG, Furth,¨ 584, 589 Federal Association of the Pharmaceutical Industry(Bundesverband der Haskin & Sells, 537 Pharmazeutischen Industrie), 606 Heinrich Mack Nachf. GmbH & Co. KG, Federal Insurance Agencyfor Employees 605 (Bundesversicherungsanstalt fur¨ Herwig-Haarhaus AG (Herbol), 472, 592, Augestellte), 393 593

648 Index of Corporations

Hibernia AG, 257, 258, 461, 463, 464, Kohap, 588 471 Konigliches¨ Gewerbeinstitut Berlin (Royal Hilfswerk Oppau, 198 Commercial Institute Berlin), 24 Hindustan Organic Chemicals Ltd., 460 Koppers, 558 Hoechst, 7, 20, 26, 27, 53, 58, 61, 62, 65–7, Kriegschemikalien AG (KCA), 162 69, 86, 90–2, 217, 218, 223, 266, 287, Kuttroff & Pickhardt, 131 295, 308, 316, 327, 353, 358, 361, 367, 369, 373, 378, 388, 391, 443, 444, Landesbank Kaiserslautern, 393 455–61, 463, 464, 467–75, 501–3, 531, League of Technical and Industrial Ofﬁcials, 544, 545, 552, 560, 577, 594, 606, 608 150 Hoffmann-La Roche, 576, 599–601, 603 Lenco, 586 Huls¨ (see Subject Index) Leopold Cassella & Co., 61 Huls-Holding,¨ 461, 463–4, 466–7 Leuna Works (Leunawerke), 170, 176, Hydrierwerke Gelsenberg, 440 184–6, 192–5, 207, 222, 223, 225, 226, 240, 249, 256, 262, 277, 278, 280, 316, IG Chemie-Papier-Keramik, 410–17 337, 339 IG Farben Dispersal Panel (Fardip), 358–9, Limbacher Paints & Color Works, 542 365, 461 Little Bank Consortium, 393 IG Farbenindustrie AG, 206, 212, 220, Little IG, 7, 50, 70, 89, 92, 96, 125, 127, 360, 363, 366, 370, 380, 396, 399, 440, 131, 134–7, 144, 146, 171–2, 190 461 Lurex N.V. Amsterdam, 523 IG Farbenindustrie AG in Liquidation, 335, Lurex U.K. Ltd., 523 363, 380, 390, 399, 461, 530 Luwoge Housing CompanyGmbH Imaco S. A., 459 (Wohnungsunternehmen der BASF Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), 439, 448, GmbH), 423 450, 488, 529 Indanthrenhaus (Hamburg), 371 M.M. Warburg & Co., 408 Industriegewerkschaft Chemie (IG Chemie), Mannheimer Insurance-Corporation 357 (Mannheimer Versicherungs-Gesellschaft), Industriegewerkschaft Chemie-Papier- 36 Keramik, 357, 410 Manufacture Lyonnaise, 104 Inmont-Group (United Technologies), 542, Max Planck-Gesellschaft (Max Planck 598 Society), 500 International Chamber of Commerce, Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Kohleforschung, 366 Mulheim¨ (Max-Planck-Institute for Coal International Labor Organisation (ILO), Research), 451 616 Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ medizinische und International Business Machines chemische Forschung Heidelberg, 366 Corporation (IBM), 580, 584, 586, McKinsey& Co., Inc., 563–5, 567–9, 571, 587 610–12 Ivan Levinstein Ltd., 81 Meister Lucius & Bruning,¨ 214 IVAX, 609 Memorex, 580 Merck (Merck KGaA), 92, 601–2, 606, J.G. Muller¨ & Cie, 36 608 J.R. Geigy, 13, 605 Merck, Finck & Co., 602 Japanese Victor Corp. (JVC), 585 MerseyChemical Works, 135 Militarische¨ Interalliierte Kontroll- Kaiser Wilhelm-Gesellschaft, 146 Kommission (Mikoko) (MilitaryInter- Kalle & Co., 7 Allied Commission of Control), 188–9 Kast & Ehinger GmbH, 595 MobayChemical Co., 520–1, 523 Knoll AG, 605–7 Monsanto, 520, 521, 529 Knoll Pharmaceutical Company, 607 Mutual Life Insurance Company, 516

Index of Corporations 649

National Cash Register (NCR), 579 Rheinisch-Westfalische¨ Elektrizitatswerke¨ Neumunstersche¨ Maschinen- und (RWE) (Rhein-Westphalia Electric Apparatebau GmbH (Neumag), 523, Company), 448, 501–4, 506–7 530–1, 558 Rhein-Main-Bank (Dresdner Bank), New York Stock Exchange/NYSE (New 394 Yorker Borse),¨ 398, 405, 539 Roberts, Dale & Co., 24 Nippon Electric Corp. (NEC), 585 Royal College of Chemistry, 11 Nordmark-Werke GmbH, 548, 604, Royal Dutch Shell, 229, 278, 445 607 Ruhrgas AG, 461, 463 Norsk Hydro, 144, 230 Ruhrkohle AG, 452 North American Urethans (NAU), 540 Nova Chemical Corp., 514 Salzgitter AG, 396 Novartis AG, 609 Sandoz-Werke (Sandoz AG), 510 Schering AG, 604, 606–8 Office of Alien Property, 187 Scholven Hydrierwerke, 258, 277–8, 288, Olivetti, 579 299, 461 Onia, 230 Schutzgemeinschaft fur¨ Kleinaktionare¨ Opec, 500 (Protection of Small Shareholders), 400 Oxo-GmbH Oberhausen, 371 Schwabische¨ Treuhand AG, 364 Schweizer Bankgesellschaft, 404 Pallas GmbH, 196 Seven Sisters, 445, 474 Patent Protection Association, German, Shearman & Sterling, 520–1, 523, 525 80 Shell AG (Shell Chemical Corp., Shell Penn-Olin Chem. Co., 520 Development), 218, 255, 390, 396, 402, Permaton, 585 440–50, 484, 491, 514, 541, 543 Pfalzische¨ Hypothekenbank, 36 Sicolor, 458 Pfizer, 602, 607 Siemens AG, 502–4, 579, 588, 590 Philips (Royal Philips Electronics), 578, 583, Societ´ e´ Industrielle pour la Fabrication des 584 Antibiotiques (S.I.F.A.), 604 Phillips Petroleum Co., 451, 494 Societyfor the Protection of the Interests of Phrix AG, 520, 523–31, 536–7, 546, 548, the German Chemical Industry, 80–1 551–8, 568, 595 Sonntag, Engelhorn & Clemm, 16 Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (PTR), Sony, 585 145 Standard Development Corp., 228 Preussag, 563 Standard Oil of New Jersey(ESSO), 229, Putnam Chemical Corp., 514, 517 241–2, 278–9, 288, 440–1, 465 Steag, 461, 463 Quandt Group, 602–3 Steedener Kalkwerke GmbH, 421 Steinkohlebergwerk Breitenbach R.E. Knosp, 32 (Consolidated Coal Mining Company), Radio Corp. of Amerika (RCA), 582 371 Reichskredit- und Kontrollstelle GmbH Stereo-GmbH, 469 (Erka) (Reichs Credit Agency), 185 Stickstoff-Syndikat GmbH (Nitrogen Rheinbraun-Syndikat (Rheinbraun Syndicate), 218 Syndicate), 442 Stickstoffwerke Knapsack, 172 Rheinische Hypothekenbank, 33, 36 Suddeutsche¨ Bank, 394 Rheinische Kreditbank (Rheinische Suddeutsche¨ Diskonto-Gesellschaft AG, 15 Creditbank oder Rhine Credit Bank), 16, Suddeutsche¨ Kalkstickstoff-Werke AG 33 (SKW) (Southern German Calcium Rheinische Kunstseide AG, 551 Cyanamide Works), 457 Rheinische Olefinwerke GmbH (ROW), 390, Suddeutsche¨ Revisions- und Treuhand AG, 396, 441, 448–451, 498 364

650 Index of Corporations

Suma S.A., 543, 578 Vereinigte Glanzstoff-Fabriken (VGF), 417, SupplementaryPensions GmbH (Altershilfe 518, 520, 552, 554 GmbH), 420–1 Vereinigte Stahlwerke (United Steel Works), 215 Telefunken, 579 Verenigde Kunstmestfabrieken Mekog- Texaco, 484, 591 Albatros N.V., 493 Theo Goldschmidt AG, 329 Thomas Freres,` Neuville sur Saone,ˆ 87 War Chemicals Corporation, KCA, Thyssen, 421 162 TotalFinaElf, 498 War Raw Materials Department, KRA, Tripartite IG Farben Control Ofﬁce 162–3, 181 (Trifcog), 359, 363 W.H. Ladenburg & Sohne,¨ 15, 17 W.R. Grace & Co., 590 U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Weiler-ter-Meer, 172 (SEC), 526, 539, 550 Weinsteinsaurefabrik¨ Benckiser, 20 Ufa, 190 Westfalenbank (Bochum), 550 Ultraform GmbH, 497 West German Central Bank, 393 Unicolor S.A. Colorantes yProductos Wiederhold GmbH, Hilden, 591 Quımicos,´ 458 Wirtschaftsforschungs GmbH, Wifo, 275, Union Carbide, 453, 534 294 Union of White-collar Employees (DAG), Wintershall AG, 404, 548, 595, 610 411 Wirtschaftsverband der Kautschukindustrie Union Rheinische Braunkohlen Kraftstoff (WDK), 462, 465 AG (Rhinish Lignite Fuel Union AG), 442, Wurttembergische¨ Kattunmanufaktur 446 (Kattunmanufactory), 36 United Cork Co., 517 Wurttembergische¨ Vereinsbank, 33 United Nations, 615 Wyandotte Chemicals Corp., 497, 512

VEBA-Konzern, 471 Zeche Furstengrube¨ (Coal Mine Verein Chemischer Fabriken A.G., 14–17 Furstengrube),¨ 300 Verein zur Wahrung der Interessen der Zinkhutte¨ (Friedrichshutte),¨ 13 chemischen Industrie Deutschland, 127 Zuckerfabrik Korbisdorf,¨ 191

Index of Persons

Abel, Julius, 122 186, 191, 192, 196, 197, 204, 205, 211, Abs, Hermann Josef, 359, 363–6, 368, 372, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 226, 374, 376, 391, 394–7, 399, 400, 402–3, 227, 228, 229, 231, 236, 237, 239, 241, 405–7, 409, 419, 447, 455, 518, 544 242, 248, 250, 254, 283, 284, 285, 307, Adenauer, Konrad, 370 312, 360, 362, 375, 381, 382, 429, 433, Albers, Hans, 513, 557, 568–71, 573, 613 434 Ambros, Otto, 211, 276, 280, 282–5, 288, Bosch, Else, 366 299, 300–8, 312, 314–15, 328, 331, 334, Bottinger,¨ Henryv., 166 339–41, 343–5, 360, 453 Bottinger,¨ Paul, 62 Annan, Koﬁ, 615 Branch, Ben 539f., 530, 531, 535, 536 Appenzeller, Heinrich, 63 Brauer, Eberhard, 156 Brinkmann, Fritz, 372 Baeyer, Adolf v., 26, 45, 52, 54, 57–8, 61, Brunck, Heinrich, 28, 48, 114, 115, 117, 63, 65–7, 105, 119, 124, 191 118, 119, 130, 150, 153, 173 Bally, O, 64 Brunck, Lothar, 28, 34, 35, 37, 40, 41, 42, Barnes, Earle B., 529, 532, 535–7 43, 45, 46, 47, 49, 51, 53, 64, 68, 69, 90, Bauer, Rudi, 416 94, 103, 104, 105, 108, 111, 114, 117, Bauer, Valentin, 366, 489 118, 125, 126, 127, 128, 131, 132, 133, Baumann, Paul, 281, 462 134, 136, 143, 146, 151, 152, 153, 180, Bayer, Otto, 53, 217, 456 433, 434 Beck, Christoph, 171 Bruning,¨ Gustav v., 127, 128, 248 Becke, Friedrich, 365 Brustling,¨ Marie, 8 Beit, Ferdinand, 15 Bueb, Julius, 181 Beitz, Berthold, 435 Bulow,¨ Wolfgang, 449 Berger, Kurt, 256 Bunsen, Robert, 25 Bergius, Friedrich, 192–3, 225, 242 Buteﬁsch,¨ Heinrich, 260, 284–5, 303–4, 315, Bernthsen, Heinrich August, 49, 54, 62, 82, 331, 339, 345, 360 105, 122, 134, 144, 151, 152, 164, 180 Biedenkopf, Wilhelm, 281 Caro, Heinrich, 23–8, 41–2, 45–8, 50–4, Bischoff, Hans-Albrecht, 415 57–64, 66–7, 80–2, 105, 166–7 Blomberg, Werner v. 275 Cer´ esole,´ Maurice, 58 Boden, Wilhelm, 365 Chandler, Alfred D., 216 Boehringer, Christoph, 20 Clemm, August, 12, 14, 16, 24–5, 29, 34–5, Bohn, Rene,´ 51, 55, 64, 65, 104, 105, 123, 40–7, 49, 73, 88, 113–14, 118 124, 134, 181, 371 Clemm, Carl, 40 Bollhagen, Otto, 23 Clemm-Lennig, Carl, 12 Bosch, Carl, 104, 126, 144, 145, 153, 154, Coupier, Jean Teodore,´ 24 156, 157, 159, 160, 163, 164, 169, 170, Crailsheim, Krafft Graf v., 133–4, 147, 181 171, 173, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, Crookes, William, 125

651

652 Index of Persons

Dahl, Friedrich Wilhelm, 21, 84 Glaser, Luise, 23, 28, 41–3, 45–9, 51, 61, Danz, Willi, 453, 497, 500, 503, 512, 526, 63–4, 86, 90, 104, 111, 117–18, 127, 550–2, 557–8, 565–6, 578, 580 132–5, 172, 177 Day, Erich, 365 Gmelin, Paul, 160 Dehnel, Erich, 221 Goebbels, Joseph, 268, 313 Dietrich, Hermann, 248 Goggel,¨ Karl, 366–7, 381–3 Doan, Herbert D., 524, 526 Goring,¨ Hermann, 262, 275–6, 291, 294, Dow, Herbert H., 514 301, 314, 338 Dribbusch, Friedrich, 415, 427, 566 Graebe, Carl, 26–8, 63 Duisberg, Carl, 20, 62, 76, 92, 127–8, Griess, Johann Peter, 53–4, 60–2 130–2, 159, 166, 172, 182, 185, 193, 203–5, 217, 236 Haber, Fritz, 143–6, 151–4, 163, 165, Durrfeld,¨ Walter, 304–5, 331, 339–40 167–8, 179, 182, 188, 191, 329 Dyckerhoff, Otto, 12, 14 Haberland, Ulrich, 360, 368, 456 Haeuser, Adolf, 182 Eckhard, Carl, 36, 102, 118 Hallberger, Eduard v., 36 Ehrhart, Franz Josef, 111 Hansen, Kurt, 473, 549 Ehrlich, Paul, 58 Hanser, August, 45–9, 85, 88–9, 117, 129 Eigen, Manfred, 404 Harries, Carl D., 122 Ellscheid, Robert, 592 Hartogensis, Simon, 36, 118 Engelhorn, Curt, 8, 9, 12–23, 25–31, 33–5, Haueisen, Paul Eugen, 73, 113, 147 37, 40–2, 44–7, 51–4, 66, 70, 83, 90–1, Hauenschild, Karl, 416 105, 108, 112, 498, 606 Hayes, Peter, 215, 256, 277, 286, 296, Engelhorn, Friedrich, 7, 23, 420, 430 300–1 Engelhorn, Johann, 8 Hecht, Max, 82 Engelhorn, Louis, 8 Heintzeler, Wolfgang, 341–2, 367, 387, 389, Engler, Carl, 133–4, 143, 166–7 407, 418–20, 449, 467–9, 515, 519, 559 Erhard, Ludwig, 459, 615 Helfert, Willi, 388, 394 Eyde, Samuel, 126, 143 Helfferich, Karl, 165–8 Hellingrath, Max v., 365–6 Helwert, Fritz, 367, 381 Fade,´ Louis, 181 Henkel, Erich, 529, 532–3, 535–6, 565 Faubion, J.T., 529, 532, 535–6 Herberts, Kurt, 591–2 Faust, Max, 331 Hermann, Kurt, 359, 366, 376, 396, 405, Feder, Gottfried, 255–7 416, 421, 466 Fiebig, Kurt, 409 Hessberger, J., 143 Fischer, Emil, 52, 54, 145–6, 163, 166–7 Heumann, Karl, 64, 67, 123 Fouchier, Jean Pierre de, 363, 365 Hickel, Walter J., 512 Frank, Berthold, 504, 566 Himmler, Heinrich, 303, 314, 328 Freiensehner, Hans, 483, 519–20, 548, 565, Hitler, Adolf, 249–55, 271, 273, 275–6, 291, 580, 584 293, 329 Fries, Carl August, 16 Hoffmann, Rudolf, 281, 365 Funke, C.A., 514 Hofmann, Ulrich, 11, 14, 30 Funke, R.H., 514 Hofmann, August Wilhelm v., 11, 119 Hohenemser, Kurt, 404 Gajewski, Fritz, 237, 360 Homolka, Benno, 124 Gaus, Wilhelm, 217, 221, 227, 237, 239, Horlein,¨ Heinrich, 456 241–2, 250, 253–4, 268, 272, 283 Howard, Frank, 228 Gemmingen-Hornberg, v., 595 Huttenm¨ uller,¨ Robert, 49, 117, 132, 134, Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 505 137, 148, 160, 180 Giese, Julius, 16, 29 Glaser, Carl, 150 Ilgner, Max, 247, 284, 360

Index of Persons 653

Jacobsen, Gustav, 61 Lorenz, Ernst, 364–5, 410 Jahne,¨ Friedrich, 360 Ludewig, Walter, 367, 387, 393, 512, 519 Jentzsch, Wolfgang, 596 Julius, Paul, 54, 62–3, 105, 122, 181, 191, Mach, Erich, 304–5, 446 387, 389, 430 Magener, Rolf, 387–8, 393, 418, 430, 433–4, 465–7, 469, 471, 474, 478–84, Kachelen,¨ Adolf, 49 487, 492, 494, 519–20, 523, 527, 543–5, Kaiser, Franz, 552 547–51, 553, 559, 561, 563, 565, 575, Kappes, Edmund, 364 580, 593, 596–7, 599, 603, 611–14 Kaulla, Alfred v., 128 Mangoldt-Reiboldt, Hans-Karl v., 400, 404 Kehrl, Hans, 334 Mann, Wilhelm Rudolf, 360 Kekule,´ Friedrich August, 24 Martius, Carl Alexander, 24–5, 60, 80, 127 Keller, Hans K., 250 Matthews, Marcus Aurelias, 441 Kerlin, Gilbert B., 514 McDonald, John G., 563, 568 Kern, Alfred, 58–9 Merkle, Franz, 364 Knaps, Karl, 77 Merton, Alfred, 181 Knieriem, August v., 228, 284, 332–4, 339, Merton, Richard, 291, 366 340 Metz, Richard, 394 Knietsch, Rudolf, 52, 55, 64, 67–8, 71, Meyer, Curt, 192, 221 104–5, 117–18, 125, 134, 143, 153 Meyer, Kurt H., 191 Knosp, Rudolph, 12, 20–1, 30–5, 41, 61, Meyer, Victor, 52 83–5, 112, 118 Michel, Oscar, 134, 146, 181 Koch, Robert, 58 Mitchell, (Shell), 441, 443 Koch, Roland, 416 Mittasch, Alwin, 145 Koehler, Friedrich, 58, 60 Mittasch, Dora, 145, 154–6, 163, 171, 192, Kohl, Helmut, 490 224, 231, 362, 364, 372, 375 Kohler,¨ Friedrich, 58 Moell, Hans, 413, 566 Krages, Hermann D., 467, 469, 471 Moellendorf, Wichard v., 162, 180 Krauch, Carl, 170, 192, 199, 211, 217, 237, Morris, Peter, 300–1 254, 259, 262–3, 273, 275–6, 283–6, Muller¨ v. Blumencron, Carl Kurt Ferdinand, 288–9, 301, 307, 314, 334, 338, 360 443 Krekeler, Heinz, 237, 358–9 Muller,¨ Carl L., 59 Krekeler, Karl, 237 Muller,¨ Gustav, 36 Krieger, Fritz, 367, 449 Muller,¨ Jakob, 62, 117, 134, 173, 182, 204 Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, Bertha, Muller-Cunradi,¨ Martin, 284–5, 289, 306–7, 166, 435 315, 318, 334 Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, Gustav, 166, 435 Kuhn, Richard, 366, 375, 404 Naumann, (BASF/USA), 514 Kuhne,¨ Hans, 299, 360 Nernst, Walter, 145 Kuttroff, Adolf, 135 Neuhaus, Carl, 90 Nold, Erich, 405–8 North, Douglass C., 1 Ladenburg, Carl, 18, 40 Ladenburg, Ferdinand, 15 Ladenburg, Leopold, 16 Oesterlin, Hans, 520, 591, 596 Ladenburg, Moritz, 15 Oppenheim, Franz, 129, 168 Ladenburg, Seligmann, 15, 22, 36, 39 Orefﬁce, Paul, 535–6 Lappe, Franz, 153–4, 171 Oster, Heinrich, 339 Lazard, Simon, 363, 366 Ostertag-Siegle, Carl, 133 Ley, Robert, 252 Ostwald, Wilhelm, 125–6, 145, 153–4, 156, Liebermann, Carl, 26–7, 63 163 Liebig, Justus v., 11–12 Overhoff, Julius, 387, 394, 461, 561

654 Index of Persons

Perkin, William Henry, 10–11, 25, 27, 32 Schumann, Curt, 329–30 Pflaumer, Karl, 367, 381 Schumpeter, Joseph A., 7 Pickhardt, Carl, 135 Schuncke, Julius, 61, 180 Pier, Matthias, 192, 224–5, 232, 257–60, Schuster, Carl, 360 270, 288, 298, 309, 318 Schwarz, Ernst, 250 Pistor, Hans-Joachim, 520 Schweitzer, Hans, 413 Pommer, Horst, 566, 600, 604, 606 Seefelder, Matthias, 387, 431, 495, 513, 566, 569–70, 601–3, 607, 612–13 Rampini, Christian, 124 Seidel, Paul, 67 Rappe, Hermann, 416 Siegle, Gustav v., 20, 31–5, 41, 43–8, 54, 72, Rathenau, Walter, 162 83–5, 88–90, 106, 112–13, 118, 133, 594, Reiß, Carl, 118 595 Reiß, Friedrich, 16 Siegle, Heinrich, 20, 523, 550, 553, 557, Reissig, Th., 59 565 Reppe, Walter, 232, 270, 280, 288–9, 299, Siemens, Werner v., 145 309, 320–1, 348, 367, 375, 387, 425, Simmat, Wilhelm, 259–60 431–2, 438, 440, 451, 456, 515–16 Solvay, Ernest, 70 Riese, Ferdinand, 26–7 Sonntag, Friedrich August, 9, 12 Ritter, Egon Freiherr v., 263, 365 Speer, Albert, 313–14, 338 Roser, Otto, 449 Steiner, Kilian v., 33–4, 36, 48, 102, 117–18, Rossignol, Robert le, 145 120, 133 Roth, Karl-Heinz, 300–3 Steinhofer, Adolf, 387, 466, 478, 483, 519, Rothschild, Hermann, 36 556 Roussin, François Zacharie, 60 Stenzel, Edwin L., 536 Ruiger, F., 440 Stern, Georg, 154 Rust, Josef, 404 Strube, Jurgen,¨ 613–14 Struss, Ernst, 237, 263 Suckow, Adalbert, 63 Sachsse, Hans, 321, 439, 451 Saftien, Karl, 411, 519 Sammet, Rolf, 473 Taft, William Howard, 152 Santo, Camill, 304–5, 446 Teagle, Walter C., 228 Sapper, Eugen, 67–8 ter Meer, Fritz, 219, 237, 261, 286, 301, Schacht, Hjalmar, 275 307, 339–40, 343, 360 Schaefer, Alfred, 404 Tessin, v., 595 Scheftlein, Hans, 179–80 Thiele, Johannes, 122 Schiller, Karl, 414 Timm, Bernhard, 428, 350, 354, 367, 381–4, Schlosser, Herman, 366 386–7, 394–5, 403, 415, 419, 422, 427–8, Schmaltz, Florian, 300–3 431, 433, 440–1, 443, 446, 449, 453, 455, Schmid, Carl Christian, 366, 368, 397–400, 466, 469, 471–3, 476, 478, 483–9, 491, 474 493–6, 500–1, 505, 510, 512–15, 519, Schmidt, C., 63 524, 526–7, 530–2, 535–6, 544, 549, 557, Schmitz, Hermann, 181, 217, 228, 339 563, 568, 576, 578, 580, 592, 594, 600–2, Schmitz, Ronaldo, 181, 185, 202, 506–7, 604, 606, 613, 618 613 Toepel, Tim H., 529 Schneider, Christian, 224, 285, 307, 339–40, 360 Verguin, François Emmanuel, 11 Schnitzler, Georg v., 340 Vidal, Henri R., 65 Schonfeld,¨ Klaus, 576 Vischer, Sigmund, 49, 63, 117, 134 Schonherr,¨ Otto, 143–4 Vits, Ernst Hellmut, 518 Schraube, Conrad, 55, 59, 61–3 Schrenck-Notzing, Leopold Freiherr v., 366, Wagner, Bernd, 300–1, 304 368, 375, 399 Warmbold, Hermann, 181, 191

Index of Persons 655

Wellbergen, Adrian, 449 Wurster, Carl, 219, 274–5, 282–5, 288, 290, Wihr, Aloys, 400, 404 295, 306, 329–30, 333–6, 338, 340, Wild, Wilhelm, 155 349–51, 355–7, 359–60, 362–5, 367–8, Willstatter,¨ Richard, 124, 191 370, 372, 374, 376, 379, 380–4, 386, 388, Wilson, Woodrow, 188 394–5, 399, 402–5, 407–9, 413, 426, 428, Winkler, Clemens, 71 435, 440, 447, 455–8, 461–2, 467–70, Winnacker, Karl, 360, 470, 471 474, 478–9, 483, 485, 489, 500, 518–19, Wislicenus, Johannes, 125, 153 557, 577, 594 Witt, Otto Nikolas, 60, 115–16, 126, 143–4, 151, 164 Zahn, Michael, 552 Wolf, Hans, 154 Zerweck, Werner, 458 Wolf, Julius, 604 Ziegler, Karl, 451, 466 Wollheim, Norbert, 344, 346 Zimmer, Georg Carl, 91 Wulff, Carl, 280–1 Zimpelmann, Otto, 416

Index of Products and Processes

Acetin blue, 59 52, 56, 60, 63, 64, 65, 79, 81, 86, 87, Acetone, 600 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 101, 116, 122, 123, Acetylene, 270, 281, 289, 309, 343, 352, 128, 134, 139, 142, 159, 190, 202, 203 431, 432, 436, 438, Alizarin laboratory, 55, 123, 433 Acids (see also Dyes), 52, 55, 58, 61, 62, 70, Ammonia (see also Synthetics, synthesis), 6, 147, 230, 267, 308, 383, 450 125, 126, 143, 145, 146, 150, 152, 153, acetic, 68 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 161, 163, 164, acrylic, 498, 516, 539 165, 166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, adipic (see also AH salt), 392, 513 173, 175, 178, 180, 181, 184, 185, 186, arsenic, 21, 76 189, 190, 191, 196, 197, 199, 201, 203, chlorine-manganese solution, 77 223, 224, 225, 232, 235, 236, 238, 244, chloracetic, 68 248, 279, 281, 298, 315, 318, 352, 432, dimethyl terephthalic (DMT), 351, 437, 434, 436, 451, 459, 485, 496, 499 485, 518 Ammonia laboratory, 154, 192, 231, 270, hydrochloric, 22, 70 284, 289, 362, 381, 432, 433 maleic, 457 Ammonium nitrate, 197, 493 nitric, 18, 163, 171, 485, 493, 494 Ammonium sulfate (see also Fertilizers), 154, nitrocinnamic, 45 156, 157, 169, 196, 494 nitrophenyl propiolic, 67 Aniline (see also Dyes), 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, ortho-nitrocinammic (o-nitrocinammic 20, 21, 22, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 35, 43, acid), 67 47, 48, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 72, phthalic, 68, 380, 381, 390 77, 95, 122, 138, 142, 202, 203, 410, sulfuric (monohydrate), 6, 14, 21, 27, 71, 474, 489, 499, 618 72, 74, 78, 94, 115, 116, 122, Aniline red (see Dyes, fuchsin), 11, 14 terephthalic, 518, 555 Animal feed supplement, 535 violets (see also Contact process), 59 Animal feedstuffs, 600, 603 Acrylates, 516 Anthracene (see also Dyes; Mordants), 26, Acrylic spinning process, 526 27, 34, 44, 57, 63, 64, 457 Acrylics (resins and ﬁbers), 244, 268, 515, Anthracite (see Coal) 516, 526, 555 Anthrapurpurine, 63 Acrylonitrile, 244, 261, 437 Anthraquinone (see also Dyes), 27, 63, 457 Agrochemicals, 392, 499, 541 Anticancer drugs, 608 AH salt (hexamethylenediamine salt of adipic Arc process, 136, 143, 144, 145, 167, 281, acid), 392, 437, 484, 485, 518, 519 461 Aids (auxiliaries) (see also Dyeing, Textiles), Arsenic, 14, 21, 22, 24, 76, 77, 78, 156, 165, 159, 333, 380, 436, 437, 460, 462, 486, 189 497, 561, 566, 599 Artiﬁcial silk, 55 Alcohols (see also Oxoalcohol), 223, 317 Audio equipment, 579 Alizarin (see also Dyes; Mordants), 25, 26, Audio tapes, cassettes, 579 27, 28, 29, 30, 32, 34, 43, 44, 45, 51, Auramine, 59, 92

657

658 Index of Products and Processes

Automotive immersion finishes, 598 Cellulose, 268, 551, 555, 556 Automotive refinishes, 598 Cellulose acetate Azo laboratory, 43, 51–5, 59, 60–3, 75, 92, Chile saltpeter, 88, 144, 152, 156, 162 95, 433 Chinagallen, 88 Chlorhydrin process, 541 Basalin, 541 Chlorine-alkali electrolysis, 68, 71 Benzene, 11, 25, 28, 35, 79, 89, 127, 248, Chlorine liquefaction, 74 437, 442, 448, 451 Chlorine (see also Gas), 6, 67, 68, 70, 71, Benzopurpurine, 62 75, 116, 165, 167, 222, 319, 352, 486, Beta-carotene, 600 494, 495, 511 Birkeland-Eyde process, 143, 152 Chromium dioxide cassettes (see Compact Bismarck brown, 60 cassettes) Bismuth, 72, 163 Chrysoidine, 60 Blavin, 92 Coal Brown coal (see also coal), 226, 257, 278, bituminous, 5, 255, 257, 288 , 298 298, 459 lignite (soft coal, brown coal), 169, 170, Buna (see also Rubber, synthetic), 260–2, 173, 255, 257, 258, 265, 442, 502 276, 280, 281, 283, 285, 293, 299, Coal tar, 1, 6–7, 11–13, 15, 20–24, 29–32, 300–3, 305, 307, 308, 316, 320, 328, 50–52, 57, 59, 63, 70–72, 74, 76, 79, 330, 339, 340, 344, 352 , 461–5, 470 84–89, 92, 95, 116, 124, 136, 159, 172, Butadiene, 280, 289, 320, 450, 465, 485 226 Butane, 232, 465 Coal-tar derivatives, 136 Butanol, 232, 516 Coal-tar distillation, 437 Butyl acetate, 232 Coating, 437, 585, 598, 610, 613 chemistry, 595, 596, 597 Calcide, 329 electrical insulation, 594 Calcium ammonium nitrate, 197 lacquer, varnish, 430, 472, 473, 546, 548, Calcium arsenate 558, 577, 590, 591, 592, 593, 594, 595, Calcium carbide, 438, 439 596, 597, 598, 603, 610 Campeachywood, 10, 61, 63, 64 metal-effect, 599 Caprolactam, 392, 437, 484, 493, 494, 495 paint, finishes, 592, 598 Caprolactam, 516, 517, 518, 520, 532, 534, water-based, 598 535, 536, 537, 538, 541, 542, 544, 548, Coeruleyn, 63 552, 558 Coke (see also Gas), 88, 159, 230, 269, 370, Carbon, 11, 154, 155 437, 438, 439, 452, 485, 489 Carbon monoxide, 155, 165, 343, 432, 438, Compact cassettes, 583–6 439, 451 Computer tape, 483, 540, 579, 580, 583, Carbonyl-iron powder, 268 584, 586, 588 Cardiovascular drugs, 606 Condensation product, 436, 485 Carmine, 10, 59, 60 Contact process, 68, 71, 74, 94 Cassettes (see also Audio tapes, Video hydrogen, 155 cassette), 580, 582, 583, 585, 588 sulfuric acid, 119 Catalysis, 125, 145, 156, 192 Contraceptive pill, 604 cracking, 185, 232, 432, 434, 439, 441, Copper, 35, 72, 368, 370, 371, 438, 454 444, 449, 451, 465, 485, 511 Cresol, 437 gas, 71 Crop (plant) protection, 432, 602 Catalysts, 154, 231, 257, 258, 268, 270, Cyanamide, 152, 167, 177, 180, 190 275, 288, 294, 309 Cyanamide process, 166, 172 Catalytic pressure, 432, 438 Cyanide, 181, 182, 329 Catalytic pressure reaction, 432 Cyclohexane, 484, 494 Catalytic pressure synthesis, 432, 438 Caustic soda, 22, 70, 86, 91 Dehydrogenation, of fuels, 309 Cellophane, 237 Desulfurization process, 155

Index of Products and Processes 659

Detergents, 462 Naphthazarine, 64 Diazo compounds, 60 naphthol, 61, 92, 95 Diesel (see also Fuels), 277, 278 natural, 27, 34, 58, 59 Dimethyl ether, 351, 518 nitrosamine red (see also Dyes, ice), 63 Diphosgene, 165 nitrosodimethyl aniline, 57 Disk packs (see also Storage media and orange, 25, 59–60, 73–4 technology), 583, 584 orseille, 10, 59–61 Diskettes, 588 oxamin, 62 Dispersions, 462, 497, 535, 568, 613 Palatine, 25, 30, 63 DMT (dimethyl terephthalic acid) (see also phosgene-based, 58–9 Acids; Intermediates), 351, 437, 485, phthalein group, 58 518 pigment, 32, 34, 48, 60, 63, 94 dyeing aids, 192, 429, 432, 454, 458 Ponceau, 61 Dyes, 5, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 21, 23, 24, 25, purple (mauve, Tyrian), 11 30, 32, 33, 34, 37, 50, 51, 55, 57, 58, red, 9–14, 21, 26–7, 30, 57, 59–64, 90, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 69, 70, 74, 81, 82, 92, 94–5 84, 95, 97, 115, 122, 123, 124, 125, resorcin (ol), 58, 95 126, 127, 139, 142, 143, 160, 161, 164, rhodamine, 58, 91 165, 173, 177, 178, 182, 187, 189, 190, substantive, 62, 63, 92 192, 201, 202, 203, 218, 222, 224, 230, sulfur, 6, 14, 18, 21, 27, 58, 64, 65, 122, 237, 242, 297, 308, 319, 333, 376, 432, 123, 142 434, 509, 578 synthesized, synthetic (see also Textiles), alizarin, 25–30, 32, 34, 43–5, 51–2, 56, 24, 27, 32, 60, 68–9, 97 62–5, 86–7, 90–5, 116, 122–3, 128, triphenylmethane, 57–8 134, 138–9, 142, 202–3, 433 yellow, 9, 25,58–64, 92 colored vat(ting) Johnson, 66, 68 aniline, 8, 9, 12, 21, 22, 27, 29, 30, 48, vermillion, 32 51, 57, 59, 72, 76, 95, 142, 203 violet, 13, 21, 30–2, 59, 63, 92 anthracene, 26, 27, 34, 44, 57, 63, 64, 457 Ephedrine, 606 anthraquinone, 27, 63, 457 Ethyl alcohol, 269 artiﬁcial (See Dyes, synthetic) Ethyl benzene, 448, 450, 495 azo dyes, 43, 51–5, 59, 60-63, 75, 92 ,95 Ethyl violet, 59 black, 131 Ethylene, 165, 189, 232, 238, 244, 269, 270, blue, 9, 14, 21, 27, 32, 43, 45, 51, 61, 278, 343, 371, 431, 432, 436, 438, 444, 64–6, 69, 91–2 446, 448, 449, 451, 453, 485, 486, 489, brown, 9, 25, 59, 60, 63, 64 494, 498, 499, 515 chrome (see also Mordants), 63 Ethylene chlorhydrin, 232 Congo, 62 Ethylene glycol, 239, 494 disazo, 61–2 Ethylene oxide (EO), 239, 269, 299, 371, eosin, 58, 79 458, 487 fuchsin, fuchsin S, 11, 14, 21–2, 30, 32, Explosives, 125, 160, 162, 163, 164, 165, 35, 58, 78 169, 177, 178, 183, 184, 188, 196, 237, green, 30, 48, 63, 81 250, 277, 298, 317, 320 ice, 63, 67, 75 Indanthren, 6, 51, 55, 65, 69, 123–4, Ferrochrome cassettes (see Compact 142–3, 190, 203 cassettes) Indanthrone (see also vat), 51, 123 Fertilizer, 12, 151, 152, 156, 157, 163, 165, indigo, synthetic, 6, 69, 115, 119, 120, 166, 168, 169, 175, 182, 183, 185, 189, 121, 124, 130, 139, 140, 146 190, 191, 193, 195, 196, 197, 201, 203, induline, 24–5, 59 224, 231, 266, 317, 335, 376, 392, mineral, 32, 48 436–438, 451, 481, 491, 493, 494, 495, naphthalene, 68, 89 547, 548, 550, 575

660 Index of Products and Processes

Fertilizer (cont.) Coke oven ammonium sulfate, 154, 169 lighting (“portable,” bottled), 8, 22, 25, 75 compound (see Nitrophoska) mustard gas, 165 mineral, 125, 433 natural, 432, 433, 437, 439, 452, 500, nitrate, 151, 175, 203 515, 610, 613 nitogen(ous), 189–90 nitrous, 510 potash, 125 poison, 189 slowrelease, 535 refinery sulfate, 154, 156, 169 syn(thesis), 321, 432, 439, 452, 485, synthetic, 157 486 Fibers, 60, 67, 218, 237, 277, 333, 392, 417, Gasoline (see also Fuels), 212, 225, 226, 240, 432, 437, 461, 475, 484, 485, 489, 498, 241, 247, 248, 254, 256, 257, 259, 260, 518, 519, 520, 521, 525, 527, 532, 538, 261, 264, 265, 270, 277, 279, 301, 359 542, 547, 548, 551, 552, 554, 555, 556, Gay-Lussac’s lead chamber process, 71 557, 565, 567, 618 Generic products, 609 PAN (polyacrylonitrile), 521, 522, 541, Glemadur, 591 552 Glycerin (see also Synthetics, synthesis), 160 Orlon, 458 Glycol (see also Ethylene glycol), 232, Rayon (see also Intermediates), 542 269 Fine chemicals, 499, 602, 606, 608, 613 Glysantin, 239, 371, 575 Flat yarn, 552 Gold, 8, 11, 12, 59, 60, 72, 85, 181, 202, Flavanthrene, 123, 124 371, 559 Flavin, 10 Goldin, 92 Flavinduline, 59 Gypsum, 170, 493, 511 Flavopurpurine, 63 Flexible foams, 495, 539 Haber-Bosch process, 232 Floppydisk (see also Storage media and Hard disk, 580, 586 technology), 579 Heavychemicals, 136, 223 Fluidized-bed process, 432 Hexamethylenediamine, 392 Formaldehyde, 224, 298, 319 Hi-fi equipment, 585, 586, 587, 589 Fuchsin (rosaniline hydrochloride), 11, 14, High pressure, 224, 225, 232, 383, 429, 21, 22, 23, 24, 30, 32, 35, 57, 58, 76, 78 436–8, 498 Fuel, liquid 192, 222, 227, 229, 254, 255, area (field, technology), 220, 229–30 256, 259, 265, 278, 279, 288, 304, 309, chemistry(including chemical technology 317, 320, 321, 331, 442, 445, 446, 451, and heavychemical processes), 222–4, 452, 453, 499, 505 231, 244, 247 aviation, 288 dehhydrogenation (aviation-fuel diesel, 277–8 purification process), 192 gasoline, 212, 225, 226, 240, 241, 247, department (division), 227, 382 248, 254, 256, 257, 259, 260, 261, 264, laboratory, 257, 259, 270, 288, 318 265, 270, 277, 279, 301, 359 plant, 284, 288,309 oil, 452 Hofmann’s violet, 14, 30 synthetic, 204, 225, 226, 227, 229, 238, Hospital equipment, 606 239, 248, 260, 265 Hydrocarbons, 432, 510 Hydrogen (see also Contact process), 125, Galloflavin (see Mordants), 64 154, 155, 225, 226, 318, 436, 439, 451, Gas, 8, 9, 12, 22, 25, 43, 73, 74, 75, 88, 89, 453 116, 117, 154, 155, 156, 157, 165, 170, Hydrogenation, 192, 226, 227, 228, 229, 193, 194, 257, 269, 318, 330, 437, 441, 231, 232, 237, 241, 242, 243, 254, 255, 443, 444, 445, 449, 489, 506, 507, 564, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 265, 269, 275, 567, 610 278, 279, 288, 298, 299, 305, 309, 310, chlorine, 71, 165, 167 333, 442, 461

Index of Products and Processes 661

hydrogen sulfide, 155 Madder root (see also Dyes; Synthetics), 9, hydrosulfide, 497 10, 26, 29 Magenta (see also Dyes, fuchsin), 11, 14, 21 Indanthrene (see Dyes), 6, 51, 55, 65, 69, Magnetic storage technology(see Storage 123, 124, 142, 190, 203, 371 media and technology) Indanthrone (see Dyes), 123 Magnetophon, 268, 458, 578 indigo (see Dyes, indigo; Synthesis), 10, 27, Mordants, 64 32, 34, 36, 45, 51, 52, 55, 56, 64, 65, alizarin, 92 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 74, 90, 95, 101, anthracene-blue, 64 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, chrome, 64 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 130, 131, 134, galloflavin, 64 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 147 resoflavin, 64 Inorganic materials (basic chemicals), 14, 15, Manchester brown, 25 21, 29, 34, 83 melamine resin, 472 Intermediates, 20, 55, 57, 86, 116, 124, 165, mercury, 68 188, 189, 202, 218, 222, 224, 230, 242, metal-effect, 598 266, 267, 270, 275, 289, 304, 319, 373, metal-effect coatings, 599 376, 430, 436, 458, 459, 484, 486, 499, Methanol, 183, 192, 200, 223, 224, 244, 563 279, 281, 287, 298, 315, 318, 320, 331, Iron, 89, 126, 153, 154, 156, 163, 268, 371, 333, 350, 352, 436 563 plants, 200, 318 as a catalyst synthetic, 71, 183, 189, 192, 224–5 Iron oxide, 72 Mineral salt (see also Rock salt), 159 Isobutanol (isobutyl alcohol), 333, 352 music, 579, 585 Isobutylene (Isobutene), 437, 600 Isoptin, 608 Naphthalene (see also Dyes), 68, 89 Naphtha, 451, 498, 515 Kaurit glue, 436, 487 Naphthazarin, 64 Nitrate, 126, 136, 156, 164, 165, 167, 169, Lacquer (see also Coatings), 430, 436, 472, 173, 174, 175, 181, 189, 190, 191, 203, 473, 546–8, 558, 577, 590, 591, 592, 509 593, 594, 595, 596, 597, 598, 603, Nitrobenzene, 24, 78 610 Nitrobenzene process, 24 Lead-chamber process, 71 Nitrogen fixation (also see ammonia Lead, 265 synethesis of), 125, 126, 143, 152 lamps, 75, 246 Nitrogen, 5, 125, 126, 151, 152, 154, 155, Leblanc process, 22, 70, 76 156, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, Lignite (see also Coal), 169, 170, 173, 255, 170, 174, 180, 181, 184, 185, 186, 189, 257, 258, 265, 442, 502 190, 191, 192, 193, 202, 218, 224, 230, Lime, 437, 439 231, 237, 239, 240, 240, 241, 242, 248, Linde process, 155 254, 265, 266, 275, 277, 280, 284, 287, Linoleum, 55, 462 298, 301, 308, 317, 320, 333, 335, 339, Lithol red R, 63 350, 352, 370, 383, 402, 436, 454, 476, Longitudinal video recorder (LVR), 587 484, 493, 495, 510, 550 Loudspeakers, 586 Nitrophoska (see also Fertilizers), 392, 491, Low-pressure technology, 383, 451 493, 494, 511, 575 department, 383 Nonanol, 462 process (see also Synthesis), 451 Novolen, 552 Lubricants (see also Oil), 278, 318, 320 Nylon, 437, 484, 485, 493, 494, 519, 521, Lupolen, 245, 436, 439, 443, 444, 446, 447, 526, 534, 535, 538, 539, 542, 555, 586 448, 450, 486, 487, 577 nylon-6, 484, 494, 534–5, 538–9 Luvitherm PVC sheeting, 577 nylon-6, 6, 484, 555

662 Index of Products and Processes

Odda (nitrophosphate) process, 493 organic, 63 Oil, 218, 224–9, 232, 235, 240, 241, 242, (See also Dyes) 244, 248, 251, 253, 255, 260, 261, 278, Plastics, 159, 192, 222, 224, 232, 237, 239, 279, 288, 301, 305, 314, 318, 320, 360, 243, 267, 268, 270, 277, 287, 289, 308, 381, 412, 433, 437, 438, 440, 441, 442, 309, 319, 333, 376, 392, 403, 430, 431, 445, 448, 451, 452, 453, 484, 485, 488, 432, 433, 436, 437, 438, 439, 440, 444, 489, 496, 500, 501, 502, 505, 506, 546, 445, 448, 451, 452, 454, 476, 485, 486, 564, 568, 597, 610, 613 494, 495, 498, 499, 516, 534, 535, 539, aniline, 13 542, 547, 554, 557, 561, 565, 567, 576, crude (petroleum), 229, 241, 436, 440–2, 577, 613 445, 452, 484, 488, 500–2, 613 Polyacrylonitrile (see also Fibers), 244, 461, heavy, 227 521 Isobutyl, 317, 318 Polyamides (see also Super Polyamides), 268, synthetic (See Lubricants, Fuels) 437, 462, 520 Olefins, 432, 442, 443, 445, 452 Polybutadiene, cis-, 466 Oleum, 71, 92 Polycaprolactam, 485, 538 Oppanol, 278, 317, 318, 437 Polyesters, 437, 485, 521, 526, 535, 538, Orlon (see also Fibers), 458 555, 557 Oxoalcohols, 439, 539 Polyethylene, 244, 267, 268, 434, 436, 437, Oxygen, 335, 439, 451, 509 439, 442, 444, 446, 448, 450, 451, 471, 485, 486, 494, 495, 576 Paint (see also Coatings), 32, 34, 56, 60, high-density, 451 139, 558, 592, 593 (see also Synthesis) Palatal, 437 Polyethylene, low-pressure synthesis of, PAN (see also Fibers, polyacrylonitrile), 244, 486 461, 521, 522, 541, 552 Polyisobutylene, 437 Paper, 10, 34, 55, 56, 58, 59, 203, 237, Polymerization, 244, 268, 355, 431, 432, 247, 252, 254, 255, 392, 410, 412, 438, 465, 466 430 butadiene and styrene, 466 Perlon, 437, 484, 516, 534, 542, 555 of ethylene, 244 Pesticides, 182, 329, 604 of monomers, 244 permanent green, 48 monomeric vinyl compounds, 438 Petroleum (see also Oil, crude), 152, 192, stereospecific, 466 193, 225, 226, 227, 235, 242, 255, 257, Polymerization products, 436 262, 269, 278, 320, 436, 442, 443, 445, Polymers (also see Plastics; Dispersions), 451, 494, 500 244, 436, 438, 439, 462 Petroleum refining, 232, 269, 439 Polyolefins, 614, 618 Petroleum residues, 442 Polystyrene, 244, 267, 392, 430, 436, 450, Pharmaceuticals, 5, 53, 124, 125, 173, 218, 466, 471, 485, 487, 489, 495, 511 237, 240, 257, 297, 333, 433, 460, 473, Polystyrene-butadiene copolymer, 450 475, 499, 547, 548, 566, 599, 602, 603, Polyurethane, 437, 495, 498, 539, 540, 541, 604, 607, 618 558 Phenol, 437 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), 244, 392, 439, Phosgene, 58, 59, 165, 189 462, 494, 495, 577, 614 Phosphate, 125, 157, 493 Potash, 125, 152, 493, 495, 548, 550 rock phosphate, 493, 495 Potassium nitrate (saltpeter), 510 Photographic supplies, products, 5, 218, propane, 449 237, 333 Propylene, 444, 452, 485, 498 Pigment, 32, 34, 48, 60, 63, 94 460, 514, Propylene oxide, 541 594 Purines, 606 binders, 514 PVC (see also Polyvinyl chloride), 244, 392, magnetic, 585 439, 462, 494, 495, 577, 614

Index of Products and Processes 663

Pyrazon, 511 Solvents, 192, 230, 232, 243, 267, 319, 371, Pyrites, 72, 88, 115, 156, 159 436, 439, 462 Steam, 75, 116, 499, 502–4, 507 Quicklime, 438 Steam cracking, 451, 496–8, 577–9, 582, Quinine (see Synthetics), 11, 20 588–9 Quinoline yellow (See Dyes, yellow) Storage media and technology, 582, 587 floppydisk, 579 Rayon (see also Fibers), 542, 551, 555 magnetic storage, 579, 582, 587–9, 614 Record players, 577, 583, 585, 587 magnetic disk packs, 584, 586 Reel-to-reel tapes, 577, 584 magnetic tape, 268, 458, 577, 578, 579, “Reppe chemistry” (high-pressure acetylene 580, 584, 587, 588, 614, 580 chemistry), 289, 348, 375, 438, 600 (See also Photographic supplies, products) Resins (see also Acrylics), 243, 267, 460, Styrene, 244, 261, 267, 280, 435, 489, 515, 593 516, 539, 576 Resoflavin, 64 Styrene monomer (monomeric), 516 Rheonine (see also Dyes), 59 Styrene-butadiene-copolymerisation, 466 Rhodamine (see also Dyes), 58, 91 Styrodur, 496 Rock phosphate digestion process, 493 Styrofoam, 430 Rock (mineral) salt, 437 Styropor, 392, 430, 436, 448, 450, 487, 497, Rongalit, 142, 190 517, 541, 574 Rosaniline (also see Fuchsin), 11, 14, 21, 22, Sulfate (see also Ammonium sulfate; 23, 24, 30, 32, 35, 57, 58, 76, 78 Fertilizers; Sodium), 18, 22, 70, 154, Rubber, 212, 216, 251, 261, 277, 280, 281, 156, 170, 197 299, 301, 313, 320, 328, 331, 333, 339, Sulfonation process, 27 461, 462, 465, 466, 467, 469 Sulfur (see also Dyes), 64, 65, 69, 72, 122, synthesis, 5 123, 142, 155, 156, 159, 202, 493, 494 synthetic, 183, 222, 224, 237, 260, 261, Sulfuration, 27, 58 266, 270, 280, 285, 288, 289, 293, 308, sulfuric acid, contact process, 14, 68, 72, 159 314, 320, 335, 343, 352, 462, 463, 464, Super polyamides, 436 467, 469, 239 Surfactants, synthetic, 160 vs. natural rubber, 261 Synthesis, 231, 321, 432, 439, 451, 452, Rytmonorm/Rythmol, 608 485, 486 alizarin, 26 Sachsse’s “thermal oxidation” process, 439 ammonia, 6, 51, 125, 143, 152, 156, 192, Safetymatches, 159 248, 432, 436 Salt (see also Rock salt), 71, 392, 509, 511 dyes, 24 Saltpeter (see also potassium nitrate), 136, fuel, 204, 225, 226, 227, 229, 238, 239, 143, 163, 167, 171 248, 260, 265, 277, 280, 313, 315, 335 Schierenbeck winding process, 434 high-pressure, 219, 222, 242, 248, 432 Selenium, 58, 72 hydrogen, 343 selenium fluoride, 58 low-pressure, of Polyethylene, 486 Silver, 72, 371, 550 madder red, 27 soap, 55, 86, 159 methanol, 71, 189, 192, 225 Soda (sodium carbonate), 5, 14, 18, 22, 52, vitamins, 486, 602 70, 76, 77, 88, 214, 339, 362, 380 (see also Catalytic pressure synthesis; Soda sludge disposal of, 78 Dyes; Hydrogenation) Sodium, 70, 71, 156, 520 Synthetic, synthesis, 97, 116, 192 chlorate, 520 ammonia, 151, 156, 192 chloride, 71 carbon monoxide, 343 nitrate (see also Chile saltpeter), 156, 163 dyestuffs, 5, 6, 32 sulfate, 70 fiber(s), 244, 392, 430, 432, 437, 458, solution, 77 475, 489, 494, 518

664 Index of Products and Processes

Synthetic, synthesis (cont.) Thallium, 72 gas, 231, 451, 519, 521, 525, 538, 541, Thiodiglycol (Johnson), 165, 189 551–2, 554–6, 618 Toluidine, 24 glycerin, 160 Triphenylmethane (see also Dyes), 134 high-pressure, 219, 222, 242, 248, Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), 608 432 hydrogen, 343 Ultramid, ultramids, 437 indigo, 6, 69, 115, 119, 120, 121, 124, Uranium, 505 130, 139, 140, 146 Urea, 275, 294 isobutanol (see isobutanol) Urea-formaldehyde resin, 317, 318 madder, 27 methanol, 71, 189, 192, 225 Vatting, 66, 68 methylene blue (see Dyes, blue) Video home system (VHS), 587 petroleum, 287 Video recorders, 585 quinine, 11, 20 Video tapes, cassettes, 578, 585, 588 resins, 460, 593 Vinyl (monomeric, polymers), 436, 438 (See also Dyes; Fertilizers, Fuels, Vinylchloride (VC), 244, 432, 485, 494, 495 Methanol, Nitrogen, Oil, Rubber, Violet (see Acids, Alkaline), 13, 21, 32, 61, Surfactants) 92 Viscose staple ﬁber, 524, 551, 555, 556 Tape recorder, 577, 580, 581, 583 Vitamins, 499, 600, 603 Tartrazine (see also Dyes, yellow), 61 Terpenoid odorants, 600 Wax, 55 Textiles, 10, 55, 64, 116, 430, 436, 484, White salt (nitrate), 164, 189 485, 519, 552 Thallin, 53 Zyklon B, 329, 330

Subject Index

Aachen, 71, 606 Anderson South Carolina, 521–2, 528, 532, Academics, 54, 145, 181, 231, 271, 282, 535, 538, 541–2 321, 377, 425, 427, 433, 435, 449 Aniline (Department, factory, laboratory), Accident (prevention, insurance), 11, 24, 27, 8–9, 11–15, 20–4, 27–30, 35, 42–3, 47–8, 43, 80, 88, 94, 106, 158, 176, 199–200, 51–2, 55–9, 72, 76–7, 95, 122, 134, 138, 234, 246, 282, 331, 342, 379, 426, 428, 142, 202–3, 409–10, 474, 489, 499, 618 510, 512 Aniline dollar, 202 Accounting, 42, 50, 89, 95, 132, 134, 135, Ankara, Turkey, 459 224, 240, 267, 342, 353, 362, 406, 409, Antilles, 514 455, 490, 550, 551, 559 Antitrust, 397, 456, 520–1, 523, 601, 609 Acrylic Plant Agreement, 537 Antwerp, Belgium, 491–9, 511, 534, 552, Administration (-building), 75, 117, 131, 558, 564, 614, 615 134, 147, 194, 218, 236, 268, 335, 363, Argentina, 298, 548, 558 383, 423, 440, 478, 490–1, 522, 561 Armaments (industry, policy),310, 313, 314, Administrative board, 146 343 Administrative Council, 216 ArmyLiaison Office, 262, 263, 273, 275, Advanced training, 377 293 Affiliated bank, 393 ArmyWeapons Office (Heereswaffenamt), Africa, 183, 218, 500, 567, 596, 617 261 Agrochemicals, 392, 499, 541 Articles of association, 372, 401, 448 Aids, 159, 192, 333, 380, 429, 432, 436–7, Artisans (see also Craftsmen), 419, 549 454, 458, 460, 462, 486, 497, 561, 566, Asia, 83, 96–7, 121, 137, 139, 190, 542, 599 567, 588, 596, 599 Air pollution (see Environment) Assets, 130, 161, 183, 243, 291, 337, 349, Algeria, 218 358, 363, 367–71, 373–4, 390, 392, Alizarin (see Index of Products and 394–5, 397, 401, 419, 447, 455, 460, 468, Processes) 470, 480–1, 528, 530, 534, 558, 560, 567, Allies (-Control Council, -High Commission, 570, 580, 617 -Reparations Commission, -Law No. 35), Assistants, 11–12, 43, 54, 67, 105, 118, 125, 117–18, 163, 167, 178, 187–9, 196, 202, 156, 359, 365, 367, 381, 382, 426 293, 318, 320, 333, 338, 347, 348–52, Atlanta, 522 358, 370, 372, 378, 397, 442, 447, Atomic EnergyAct of 1960 (Germany), 454–5 500–1 Alsace (now France), 29, 64, 586 Atomic power (energy, reactor; see also America, 10, 80, 91, 96, 121, 131–2, 135, EURATOM, U.S. Atomic Energy 136, 152, 171, 187–8, 203–4, 354, 514, Commission), 500–1 537, 542, 582 Auschwitz (now Poland) (see also Birkenau, Ammonia Laboratory(see Index of Products Monowitz), 212, 281, 300–8, 312–13, and Processes) 315–16, 327–32, 339–46, 360 Amortization, 69, 101, 120, 131 Auschwitz Liquidation Office, 341

665

666 Subject Index

Australia, 136, 567 Bonn, Germany, 28, 446, 576, 592 Austria, 23, 32, 96, 161, 189, 276 Bonus (also special-), 103–4, 109, 111, 118, Autarky(policyof), 212, 237, 239, 242, 414, 417–20, 424–5, 482 251, 257–8, 262–4, 266–7, 273, 282, Book value (Equitybook value), 97, 373, 285–7, 313, 321, 335, 353, 360, 376 528, 536–7, 556 Avignon, France, 87 Bookkeeping, 30, 89, 219–20 Avranches, France, 588 Boston, Massachusetts, 543, 608 Aweta (Applications Department), 385, 394, Brazil, 513, 525, 574 428–35, 448, 476, 547, 554, 563 Break-even point, 580 Azo-dye Department, 52 Breakup, 212, 340, 351, 357–60, 363, 372, 397, 419, 443, 454–5, 465, 468–74, 486, Back-to-back loan, 522, 524–5 574, 594, 605 Backword integrations, 467, 469, 518, 548, Breslau (now Poland), 299 564, 610 Bribery, 44, 129, 131, 135, 136 Baden-Baden, Germany, 81, 185 British India, 190 Balance sheet, 17, 31, 40, 93, 99, 371, Brussels, Belgium, 434, 504, 575 373–4, 390, 405, 408, 465, 481, 526, 536, Brux,¨ Sudetenland, 298 554 Buna (see Index of Product and Processes, Balkans, 218 see Index of Corporations and other Bankruptcy, 9, 530, 536, 558 Organizations) Banks (consortium), 75, 101, 120, 127, 173, Business cycle (-activity, economic cycle, 204, 365, 378, 383, 394–6, 399–400, 428, economic conditions, economy), 13–14, 447, 474, 550, 551 30, 69, 95, 100, 107, 336, 415, 417, 482, Barcelona, Spain, 458, 497 597 Barmen, Germany, 20, 30, 92 Business development (results, year) Bartlesville, Oklahoma, 451 Business partner, 12, 350, 440, 441 Basel, Switzerland, 141, 408, 510, 599 Business policy(see Corporate policy), Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 228, 230, 281 466–7, 492, 540, 556, 567, 573, 576, 591, Bavaria, 19, 75 596, 599 Bavarian Palatinate, 17 Business strategy, 388, 401, 601 Bayway, New Jersey,228, 230 Burden sharing, 374, 388–9 Beacon, New York, 514 Buyer (buyers’ market, purchaser; see also Bedford, Massachusetts, 579, 580, 582–3, Customer), 33, 83, 121, 139, 243, 353, 587–8 430, 438, 476, 520, 527–8, 554 Belgium, 32, 87, 162, 492 Butirki, Russia, 42, 86, 161 Benelux countries, 575 Berlin (-Treptow), Germany, 13, 16, 24, Calcutta, India, 121 26–7, 62, 120–2, 126–30, 137, 143, 150, Calvert, Alabama, 534 153, 163–4, 169, 188, 191, 214, 217–18, CanaryIslands (Spain), 10 221, 237, 247–8, 258, 259, 274, 276, 284, Capital increase, 173, 391–2, 395, 400–2, 295–6, 313, 334, 354, 388, 393, 577, 585, 405, 419, 458, 464, 547, 549, 551, 593 588, 604 Capital-gains tax, 401 Berre near Marseille, France, 543 Captive use, 552 Biblis, Germany, 503–4 Cash cow, 542 Biebrich am Rhein, Germany, 12, 214 Cash flow, 369, 395, 408, 447, 475, 545, Big Huls¨ solution, 463 558, 559 Birkenau (now Poland), 329, 330 Central America, 66 Bitterfeld, Germany, 222, 246, 286, 316 Central Committee (ZA), 48, 217, 273, 283, Blechhammer, Upper Silesia (now Poland), 307 298 Central Design Office (engineering and Bochum, Germany, 381, 390, 550 design office), 434 Bohlen,¨ Germany, 259–60, 270 Central Planning Office, 138, 259, 380, 385, Bombay, India, 84 394, 481, 494–5, 563, 567, 616

Subject Index 667

Central Planning Unit, 568 Controlling, 119, 172, 372, 378, 433, 461, Chamber of Industryand Commerce, 463, 467–8, 471, 520, 570, 574 491 Convention, 66, 82, 86, 89–93, 122, 128, Charlotte, North Carolina, 517, 542 130, 137–41 Chief Executive Office (CEO), 565 Convertible special bonus, 425, 428 Chief Financial Officer (CFO), 535, 565 Cooperation, 14, 27–8, 41, 47, 51–2, 54, 60, China, 83, 88, 95, 97, 139–40, 161, 190, 67, 118, 128, 131, 134–7, 178, 180, 196, 498 216, 227–8, 246, 252, 255, 288, 304, 358, Christiana, Norway, 126 363–4, 366, 377, 378, 382, 397, 403–4, Chur, Switzerland, 117, 246, 540 413, 416–17, 424, 434–5, 440–2, 444, Citizens’ committee, 17 446, 449, 454–5, 457, 458–9, 471, 504, Citycouncil (of Ludwigshafen), 16, 18, 514–24, 531–3, 541, 552, 554, 578, 580, 249 602, 607, 608, 610 Clemson, South Carolina, 542 Corporate culture, 111, 207–8, 211, 286, Coal and Steel (industry), 364 375–6, 429, 434–5, 478, 527, 540, 569, Coal office, 159 573, 590, 611, 614–19 Coal-tar dye industry, 5, 6, 20–1, 29, 51, 52, Corporate governance, 377, 386, 557 87–9, 95, 98–9, 100–1, 107 Corporate identity, 253 Coatings (see also paint, varnish), 437, 592, Corporate policy(business policy), 37, 377, 595, 596, 597, 598, 599, 610, 613 387, 434, 442, 479, 487, 502, 510, 575–6, Cologne, Germany, 12, 130, 153, 261, 298, 615, 618 442, 446, 592, 593 Corporate social services, 374, 419 Commercial Commission (KA), 219, 382, Corporate strategy(see also Business 561 strategy), 371, 476, 478, 483, 496, 525, Commission (Provision), 9, 12, 74, 77, 84, 608 104, 118, 128, 130, 139, 147, 166, 177, Cosmetics, 430, 605, 608 181, 185, 187, 188, 196, 205, 314, 341, Council (local, city), 14, 17, 18, 21, 22, 31, 342, 359, 363, 367, 371, 380, 423, 503, 114, 130, 131, 135, 178, 179, 182, 194, 504, 505, 508, 526, 575, 576, 220, 242, 195, 199, 200, 205, 216, 248, 249, 329, 340, 365, 103, 568 330, 363, 413, 418, 420, 490, 495, 559, Committee of the SupervisoryBoard, 119–20 601, 272 Communists, 180, 194–5, 199–201, 248–9, Council of Delegates, 130 271 Countyphysician, 77 Companyloyalty, 420 Craftsmen (artisans), 425–7 Competitive advantage, 573 Credit (-market, -foreign, creditor; see also Competitiveness, 10, 14, 29, 172, 359, 377, Loan), 16, 33, 36, 101, 119, 159, 395, 423, 428, 477, 487, 526, 582, 613, 185, 191, 384, 390, 392–6, 430, 473, 615 515–16, 522–3, 545, 549–50, 559, 591, Computers, 483, 540, 568, 577, 579, 580, 546 582–4, 586–8, 590 Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles, 514–15, Concentration, 9, 47, 73, 88–9, 96, 127, 526 137–8, 150–1, 197, 220, 236, 281, 329, Currencyreform, 349–51, 369–70, 373, 337, 370, 376, 493, 510–1, 541–2 388, 392 Concentration camp, 271, 303, 306, Customers (buyer, client), 9, 14, 16, 20, 327–31, 339, 344–5 32–3, 47, 56, 68–9, 83–5, 91–2, 112, 113, Constance, Germany, 602–3 123, 138, 140–1, 157, 182, 190, 219, 270, Consumer (-market, -products), 29, 33, 47, 376, 429–30, 433, 436, 444, 474, 514, 35, 57, 97, 116, 122, 127, 327, 377, 540, 552–3, 559, 575–6, 584, 591, 594, 436–7, 445, 467, 475–6, 483, 538, 552, 597, 615 560, 563, 570, 575, 578–9, 581, 584, 589, Customized qualityproduction, 429, 434, 610–13, 618–19 487, 540 Consumption, 60, 74–5, 138, 159, 254, 353, Customs (duties), 75, 86, 87, 248 445, 452, 499, 506, 540 Czechoslovakia, 276

668 Subject Index

Dahlem (Berlin, Germany), 188 Dismantling, 189, 332, 352–3, 357, 362, Dalton, Georgia, 542 413, 574 Darmstadt, Germany, 92, 405, 608 Dismissal, 110, 147–8, 176, 179–80, Data-processing, 580 199–200, 426, 557 Decartelization, 378, 462, 464 Distribution (-network, -organization, Delegation, 40, 46, 117–18, 130, 295, 364, distributor), 20, 162, 228, 254, 346, 365, 443, 447 365–6, 368–70, 373, 375, 378, 386, 420, Den Haag, The Netherlands, 443 427, 431, 433, 454, 474, 477, 481, 590, Denmark, 161 597, 607, 609, 615, 618 Departments (see also Applications, Aweta, Diversification, 13, 51, 94–5, 384, 461, 462, Index of Products and Processes) (-azo 539, 541 dye, -banking, -buna, -central Divestiture, 363, 366, 375, 378, 454 administration, -chemical intermediates, Dividends, 31, 69, 97–100, 225, 233, -Colorist, -commercial, -construction, 240, 320, 388, 401, 405, 424, 468, 515, -design and construction, -energy, 591 -engineering, -Explosion Oppau, -export, Division directors, 384–5, 483, 492, 559, -fabrication -fiber raw materials, -finance, 570 -high-pressure, -inorganics, -intermediate, Division directors investment meeting, 377, -labor relations and welfare, -legal affairs, 384, 454, 485 -low-pressure, -main laboratory, Divisions of fields agreement, 229 -management development, Dresden, Germany, 140 -manufacturing, -measurement and testing, Drugs (see also pharmacology), 604, 606–7, -mechanical engineering, -nitrogen, 609 -patents, -personnel (and social affairs), Duisburg, Germany, 32, 34, 43, 101, 368, -plastics and fibers, -political economy 370, 438, 454 (Wifo), -purchasing, -R&D, -raw materials for plastics, -research, -sales, -senior Earning (see also Profit), 87, 90, 98, 100, management, -service, -soda and acids, 131, 208, 217, 287, 353, 371, 390, 392, -social policy, -solvents and plastics), 21, 395, 401, 403, 408, 418, 423–5, 433, 444, 29–30, 43, 45, 47, 50–2, 55, 72–6, 80, 82, 453, 468, 472–3, 475–80, 482–3, 486, 84, 88–9, 109, 122, 134, 154, 173, 192, 492–3, 497, 515, 531, 533–4, 538, 543, 196, 216, 220, 248, 266, 284, 292, 319, 545, 547, 549–50, 553, 567–8, 581–3, 320, 367, 379, 382–8, 390–1, 394, 407, 585, 590, 598, 604, 613 411, 413, 415, 420, 422, 425, 427–31, East(ern) Europe, 323, 598 434–5, 455, 466, 476, 478–9, 484, 488, Economic miracle, 383, 388, 415, 477 492, 509–10, 522, 540, 544, 546, 548, Economic PolicyDepartment, 248 553, 555–7, 559, 561–2, 565–7, 572, 584, Economy(domestic), 7, 90, 105, 164–5, 604–5, 614, 658–71 211, 235, 254, 294–5, 314, 319, 349–50, Department of Political Economy( Vowi), 353, 358, 376–7, 383, 429, 447, 490, 496, 248, 455, 562 535, 544, 556, 559, 598 Department of Senior Management, 428 Economic Committee (BASF), 559 Depreciation (depreciation policy), 13, 256, Effluents (see also Environment), 13, 117, 373, 388, 390, 392, 395, 408, 422, 465, 509, 567 475, 480, 526, 543, 550, 556, 559 Egypt, 434 Depression, 98, 208, 230, 233, 235, 239, Elberfeld, Germany, 13, 28, 76, 89–90, 127, 241–5, 247–9, 255, 270, 296, 307, 360, 134–5, 260 374 Electric engine, 75 Direction Committee, 448 Electricity, 73, 75, 167, 336, 448, 453, 471, Directorate (Committee, meeting), 117–18, 501–3, 506–7 134, 136–7, 149, 350, 366, 380, 382, 440 Employees (-Association, -Movement, Disincorporation, 363, 367, 373–4, 402, -high-ranking (Beamte)), 102–4, 147–59, 454, 458, 490 176–7, 179, 233–5, 245, 270–3, 357

Subject Index 669

Employees’ (Salary Earners’) Committee, Final Trust-Liquidation Act (21, January 176–7 1955), 372 Employers, 176, 357, 412, 415 Finance (policy, system, see also Energy(supply,consumption), 35, 52, 74–5, Department), 16, 31, 99, 184, 211, 215, 136, 144, 153, 159, 169, 232, 264, 276, 228–9, 240, 242, 248, 254, 277, 302, 379, 349, 445, 477, 485, 489, 497, 498, 387–8, 390, 392, 394–5, 420, 433, 446–7, 499–500, 502, 504, 507, 510, 513, 561, 459, 464, 466, 474, 478–80, 515, 524, 567, 599 537, 543–9, 547–9, 558–61, 565, 580–1, Engineers, 68, 74, 80, 116, 150, 160, 220, 589, 613, 614 222, 228, 230, 242, 260, 270, 282, 298, Financing system (see also donations), 15, 329, 346, 354, 385, 419, 429, 431, 433, 33, 100, 136, 204, 219, 220, 240, 278, 435, 437, 502, 515, 529, 549, 553, 587 292, 332, 333, 350, 369, 388, 389, 392, England, 5–6, 8, 11, 25–7, 32, 34, 53, 80, 395, 402, 417, 420, 421, 422, 424, 447, 83, 85, 92, 97, 203, 279, 488, 592, 479, 480, 482, 504, 522, 525, 537, 545, 593 546, 549, 593 Enka, North Carolina, 542 Financial crisis, 201, 558, 581 Environment (pollution, sewage, Financial policy(planning, objective), 545, environmental protection, emissions, 551 ambient quality), 8, 18, 22, 37, 76, 79, Financial investment, 510, 568 108, 146, 153, 155, 156, 283, 383, 478, Fire sale, 558 489, 615–16 Flexibility, 52, 74, 89, 216, 333, 388, 397, Essen, Germany, 12, 33, 80, 127, 175–6, 452, 513, 532, 538 216, 223, 233, 237, 243, 266, 268, 463 Forced labor, 303–4, 313, 322, 338–9, 344, Ettenheim, Germany, 587–8 346, 355, 358 Europe, 8–10, 32, 35, 68, 82, 96, 135, 160, Foreign workers, 170, 290, 293, 310, 311, 202, 248, 293, 298, 323, 329, 337, 350, 312, 322, 323, 324, 325, 327, 344, 355, 354–5, 383, 429–30, 441, 447, 459, 495, 488 498, 511, 513, 518, 519, 521, 523–4, 529, Foremen, 49, 51, 102, 108, 109, 110, 149, 531, 534, 540, 542, 556, 567, 569, 571, 150, 233, 419, 425, 426 575, 579, 583–7, 594, 597, 617 Forward (downstream) integration and European Atomic EnergyCommunity markets, 377, 440, 467, 476, 483, (EURATOM), 8, 30, 97 517–19, 532, 536, 538, 547–8, 551, European Economic Community(EEC), 574 564–5, 573–610, 618–19 European Coal and Steel Community, 370 Fountain Valley, California, 587 Executive president, 529 Four Year Plan, 237, 262, 273, 275, 276, Experimental laboratory, 233, 257, 259 277 Export (Department), 29, 62, 84, 87, 96, 97, France, 6, 8, 11, 25–7, 29, 32, 65–6, 79, 116, 137, 140, 161, 187, 212–14, 236, 82–3, 86–8, 96, 137, 141, 161–2, 177, 266, 282–3, 296–7, 347, 353–4, 358, 362, 184, 187, 203, 230, 275, 293, 295–7, 311, 390, 403, 514, 531, 538, 559, 567, 583, 323, 347, 435, 441, 445, 458, 507, 543, 594, 597–8, 619 574–5, 588, 609 Frankfurt (am Main), Germany, 8, 26, 71, Factorycouncil (see also workers council), 99, 181, 205, 214, 218, 221, 236, 237, 179, 182, 194–5, 199–200 285, 329–30, 341, 344, 354, 372, 396, Factorydirector (works director), 221, 284 460, 470, 571 Factorynewspaper, 221, 234, 246, 251–2, Freedom of movement, 575 512, 253 Freeport, Texas, 441, 498, 514, 516, 521, Fertilizer Committee, 266 528, 537, 538, 542, 614 Fiber raw materials area, 518, 519 Friesenheim, Germany, 160, 500 Feierabendhaus (BASF employee clubhouse), Friesenheim Island, Germany, 453, 488, 503 73, 149, 407 Fringe beneﬁts, 148, 150, 409, 417, 418, 423 Feuerbach (see Stuttgart-Feuerbach) Fuhrer¨ des Betriebes, 272, 380

670 Subject Index

Fusion (see also Merger), 15, 21, 31, 34–5, Housing (company, home-building, market), 37, 39, 41, 47, 56, 83–4, 88, 90, 93, 96, 107, 108, 112, 160, 193, 197, 306, 325, 99, 101, 119, 129, 132, 172, 177, 181, 326, 416, 421, 422, 423, 476, 489, 490, 182–3, 193, 204–5, 211, 214–15, 217, 540 219, 226, 229, 245, 300 Houston, Texas, 441, 522 Huls,¨ Germany, 281, 286, 299, 460–71 Gas factory, 22, 43, 75, 170 Human capital, 7, 102 Gas lighting, 8–9 Hungary, 96, 161, 329 Geismar, Louisiana, 497–8, 512, 539, 541–2, 614 I.G. Farben Committee, 369 Gelsenkirchen, Germany, 278, 381, 421, Illertissen, Germany, 605 451, 461 Imitation, 11, 23, 50, 55, 79 Gendorf, Germany, 457–8, 577 Import, 87, 162, 393, 445, 469, 512, 514, General meeting, 130, 391 534, 579, 586, 594 German Confederation, 28 India, 10, 66, 97, 121, 387, 459, 460, 593 German Stock Corporation Act, 283, 386, Indigo (Convention, laboratory, market), 6, 407, 557, 565 10, 27, 32, 34, 36–7, 45, 51–2, 55–6, 60, Gien, France, 543, 578, 583, 588 64–71, 74, 90, 95, 97, 99, 101, 115–28, Giessen, Germany, 11–12, 14 130–1, 134, 137–42, 146–7, 150–2, Glasgow, Scotland, 89 157–8, 161, 165, 173, 189–90, 202–3, Globalization, 95, 459, 615 232, 432, 476 Going public, 532, 533 Indonesia, 161 Greenville, Atlanta, 522 Industrial espionage, 23, 183, 188 Griesheim, Germany, 71, 92, 169, 172, 191 Industrial relations, 272, 378, 409, 413 Grand Duchyof Baden, 19 Industrialization, 6–8, 51, 76 Great Britain, 79, 82, 87, 96, 434, 445, Industrial democracy, 364 609 Inﬂation, 148, 157–8, 175–8, 191, 193, 198, Great Depression, 80, 94, 211, 215, 224, 201–3, 212 226, 229, 233, 244, 253, 376 Information technology, 588–90, 619 Guaratingueta,´ Brazil, 497, 574 Innovation, 37, 45, 94, 136, 142, 160, 181, Guest workers, 411 189, 192, 376, 478, 482, 487, 552, 578, Gulf of Mexico, 498, 500 599, 607 Innsbruck, Austria, 576 Hanging deal, 537 Inorganic chemistry(Department, Hanover, Germany, 412–13, 415 production), 21, 29, 55, 145, 562 Health insurance system, 112, 147–8 Inorganics Commission, 380 Heavychemicals industry, 115 Intermediates, 20, 55, 57, 86, 116, 124, 165, Heavy-current engineering, 75 188–9, 202, 218, 222, 224, 230, 242, Heidelberg, Germany, 16, 25, 54, 334, 366, 266–7, 270, 275, 289, 304, 319, 349, 381, 404, 440, 571, 594 373, 376, 430, 436, 458–9, 484, 486, 499, Heidenheim, Germany, 36 563 Heilbronn, Germany, 14 Internal structure, 476, 477 Hemshof (Hemshofer Rheinfeld), Germany Investment Subcommittee of the Technical 18, 73, 108, 489 Committee, 384 Hesse, 18, 414, 503, 507 Italy, 141, 161, 242, 279, 292, 331, 355, Heydebreck, 308, 315–16, 321, 359 434, 575, 593 Hierarchy, 103, 109, 314, 387, 427, 573, 611, 618 Jakarta, Indonesia, 588 High pressure (see Index of Products and Japan, 83, 97, 124, 190, 242, 279, 298, 387, Processes) 435, 586, 587 Holland, 29, 279, 296, 354 Java, 66 Holstein, Germany, 551 Jews, 291, 329

Subject Index 671

Joint venture, 135, 258, 278, 371, 390, 402, Limburgerhof, Germany, 72, 108, 149, 160, 441, 444, 447–8, 469, 495, 496, 502, 191, 192, 433 513–16, 518, 520–5, 527–32, 535, 541, Liquidation (see also Final Trust-Liquidation 546, 554, 586, 599, 601, 609, 618 Act of 21 January 1955), 335, 341–2, 363, Jungbusch (Mannheim-Jungbusch), 369, 380, 389–90, 399, 455, 461, 527–8, Germany, 13 530–1, 556–8, 582 Liverpool, England, 135 Kaiserslautern, Germany, 393 License (-fee, -agreement, capitalized, Karlsruhe, Germany, 9, 12, 14, 105, 133, sublicense), 61, 71, 74, 82, 185–7, 226, 143–5, 152, 501 256, 259, 277, 279, 439–40, 451, 494, King’s Lynn, Norfolk, England, 523 516–17, 528, 574, 599, 602 Kirchberg, Julich,¨ Germany, 576 Little breakup, 470 Knapsack near Koln¨ (Cologne), Germany, Little Huls¨ Solution, 464–5 172, 261 Loan, 175, 185, 340, 371, 374, 384, 389, Know-how, 49–50, 52, 59, 69, 83, 229, 256, 393, 394, 395, 396, 449, 464, 465, 515, 278–80, 289, 298, 343, 347–8, 385, 429, 516, 523, 543, 545, 549 435, 439, 444, 458, 462, 465, 515–16, Loan (shareholders’ loan), 16, 20, 30, 41, 519, 522, 528, 540–1, 553, 585–6, 612 47, 98, 130, 336, 338 Krefeld, Germany, 551, 555–6, 576 London, England, 11, 23, 32, 84, 90, 121, Kreuznach, Germany, 71 151, 255, 393, 408, 441–3, 447, 449 Kuantan, Malaysia, 615 Los Gatos, California, 582 Lorraine (now France), 311 Labor council (trustees of labor, Losses, 87, 122, 131, 138, 183, 189, 191, Vertrauensrate¨ ), 272 196, 198, 202, 226, 229, 240–1, 253, Labor dispute (-walk out, -strike), 413 260, 352, 368, 370, 374, 519, 522, Labor market, 255, 272, 291–3, 322, 344, 525–7, 531–2, 535–8, 541, 548–50, 378, 411, 416, 430, 477, 488, 496, 511 553, 555–6, 558–9, 581, 583, 588, 595–7, Labor (workers’) movement, 108, 112, 614 147–50, 194, 234, 271–2, 357, 410 Lower Rhine, Germany, 72, 217, 237, 339, Labor-Management Relations Act, 364, 372, 358, 599 410, 416, 448, 559 Lowland, Tennessee, 542 Labor shortage, 174, 175, 291, 309, 324 Lutzkendorf,¨ Germany, 298 Labor Unions (Trade Unions), 176, 226, 357 Luxemburg, 162 Laboratory, 10–11, 25–8, 42, 45, 47, 49, Lyon, France, 8, 11 50–6, 64–5, 67, 94, 103, 105, 119, 122, 124–5, 142, 145, 152–3, 159, 192, 225, Madagascar, 6, 10 231–3, 270, 280, 284, 288–9, 309, 318, Magdeburg, Germany, 259, 260, 270 321, 355, 433, 462, 485, 553, 602, 607 Main (River), Germany, 10, 13, 19, 40, 52, Latin America, 354, 567, 614 55, 96, 115, 124, 128–9, 145, 152, 154, Lease, 9, 35, 179, 421, 491, 497 158, 163, 169, 189, 205, 216, 218, 228–9, Leipzig, Germany, 125, 153, 259 230–1, 234–6, 239, 241, 244, 247, 266, Leuna, Germany, 151, 153, 165, 169–72, 268, 274, 321, 339, 345, 358, 389, 394, 174–6, 178–9, 181, 184–6, 188–9, 192–5, 551, 571 200, 207, 214, 218, 220–6, 231–3, 237–8, Main laboratory, 47, 53–5, 58, 62, 67, 82, 240–2, 244, 248–9, 254–7, 259–60, 262, 122, 191–2, 231–2, 244, 289, 309, 432, 264–6, 269–70, 277–81, 284–6, 303–5, 438, 561 307, 314–16, 320–1, 327, 337, 339, Main ofﬁce, 159, 218, 248 342–3 Maingau, Germany, 599 Levant, 9 Mainz-Mombach, Germany, 496 Leverkusen, Germany, 20, 50, 71, 131, 214, Managing board chairman, 364, 368, 387, 218, 222–3, 266, 280, 287, 299, 308, 316, 456, 479, 606 462, 549 Managing board meeting, 379

672 Subject Index

Managing board members, 217, 220, 236, Nanjing, China, 498 304, 362, 386, 387, 415, 427, 438, 453, National Socialist Cell Organization 466 497, 503, 529, 550, 565, 568 (NSBO), 252 Managing committee, 130 National Socialists (Nazis), 211–12, 227, Manaus, Brazil, 588 237, 242, 245–52, 262, 270, 272–3, 283, Manchester, England, 24–6, 60, 84–5, 289–93, 375 135 Natural dye, 5, 26, 27, 34, 121, 58, 59 Mannheim (-Neuostheim), Germany, 7–9, Neckar River, 17, 168, 508, 511 12–20, 22, 25–6, 30, 33, 36, 39, 50, 71, Netherlands (Dutch, Holland), 32, 36, 75, 88, 91, 118, 295, 317, 325, 334, 364, 161–2, 514–15, 541, 598 416, 428, 453, 485, 488, 500, 502–3, 508, Neumunster,¨ Germany, 523, 529–30, 551, 510, 571, 588 555, 557 Manufacturing Department, 51 Neuville sur Saone,ˆ France, 87 Marketing, 37, 56–7, 83, 124, 136, 151, New economy, 619 189–91, 217, 378, 431, 458, 493, 514, New England, United States, 136 516, 522, 539, 540, 552, 555, 564, 570, New Jersey, 226–30, 241–2, 278–9, 288, 573, 585, 610–12, 617–8 440, 502, 517, 540, 616 Marl (Marl-Huls),¨ Germany, 367, 370, 452, New industry, 377, 427, 434, 619, 620 460, 462, 468, 485, 501, 507 New York, 9, 12, 35, 48, 84, 135–6, 151–2, Marseilles, France, 485, 488, 500, 543 359, 398, 405, 409, 484, 514, 517, 522, Maxdorf Group, 416 526, 539 Merger (see also Fusion), 33, 69, 127, 128, Nitrogen commission, 163, 167 129, 151, 195, 204, 205, 469, 474, 512, Nitrogen Department, 154, 192, 284, 484 529, 540, 542 Nitrogen Syndicate, 180–1, 190–1, 218, 254, Merseburg, Germany, 169, 171, 174–5, 178, 339 186, 190, 192, 212, 214, 220, 222–3, 231, Nongeneric drugs, 609 238, 246, 249, 264–5, 282, 286–7, 308, Nonmaterial production (factor of 331, 337, 345 production; see also Intangible assets), Micum Agreement, 202 427, 475 Midland, Michigan, 441, 502, 514, 516, North America, 10, 355, 539, 541, 567, 573, 523–4, 528–9, 531, 533, 535 598, 614, 617, 619 Milan, Italy, 33, 35 North American Free Trade Agreement Minden, Germany, 607 (NAFTA), 543 Mississippi River, 497 North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, 414 Moerdijk, The Netherlands, 541 Norway, 136, 143–4, 230 Molecular biology, 547 Notodden, Norway, 144 Monopoly, 5, 14, 61, 80, 91, 123, 165–7, Nuclear Power (energy, plant, project, 180, 182, 292, 429, 445, 455, 502, 507, reactor, research, safetytechnology), 517, 540 500–6, 511, 548 Monowitz (now Poland) (see also Nuremberg, Germany, 219, 274, 338–40, Auschwitz), 301–5, 313, 315–16, 328–31, 343–4, 351, 357, 376, 381–2, 393, 413 339, 341–2, 344–6 Nuremberg Trials, 381, 440 Moosbierbaum (Austria), 316 Mosbach, Germany, 341 Obenheim, Alsace, 586, 588 Moscow, Russia, 42, 84, 86, 178, 313 Oberhausen (-Holten), Germany, 371 Mount Olive, New Jersey, 616 Occupation (period, powers), 178, 183, 186, Mulhausen,¨ Alsace, 64 188, 199, 224, 297–8, 335–8, 341, Mulheim,¨ Germany, 451 346–52, 357–9, 372, 376, 378, 380–2, Munich, Germany, 8, 45, 119, 122, 191, 398, 413, 455, 461 195, 365, 393, 588 Offenbach, Germany, 13 Munster-Hiltrup,¨ Germany, 598 Oil (see Index of Products and Processes)

Subject Index 673

Oklahoma, 451 Pforzheim, Germany, 20 Old economy, 619 Pharmaceuticals Division, 5, 53, 124–5, 173, OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting 218, 237, 240, 257, 297, 333, 433, 460, Countries), 500 473, 475, 499, 547–8, 566, 599, 602–4, Organic chemistry, 11, 24, 51, 54, 145, 192, 607, 618 461, 486 Pharmacology, 433 Organization (see also Sparten, Verbund) Pharmacists, 7, 602 (-Corporate structure, -Corporate Physiochemical working group, 381 reorganization, -Sales), 7, 29, 37–48, 50, Physics (physiochemical) laboratory, 144, 382 83–5, 88–9, 117–21, 127, 129, 131, Pigment (see also Color, Dye), 32, 34, 48, 60, 134–5, 138, 171–3, 181, 183, 190, 204, 63, 94, 460, 514, 594 207, 211, 212, 214, 217, 218–31, 234, Pittsburgh, California, 514 236–7, 239, 285, 297, 306, 312, 314, 327, Plant manager, 58, 109, 179, 197, 280, 289, 335, 337, 349, 353–5, 357–60, 376–88, 304, 315, 318, 331, 364, 380 431, 459, 492, 521, 558, 560–73, 574, Poison, 329, 330, 513 595, 610–12 Poison gas (chemical warfare, weapons), 189 Outsourcing, 476 Politz,¨ Germany, 277–8, 309 Overproduction, 21, 33, 44 Port Arthur, Texas, 498 Ownership structure and intersts (see also Port Victoria, South Carolina, 497, 511, 512 shareholders), 366–7, 369–70, 397, 401, Portfolio, 34, 46, 239, 373, 419, 466, 531, 404, 409, 419–20, 454–5, 561, 601 549, 573, 593, 598, 599, 609, 613, 614, 618 Paint, 32, 34, 48, 56, 60, 63, 139, 542, 558, Prague, Czechoslovakia, 71 592–3, 595 Price fixing (control, guarantee, regulation), Palatinate, 18, 110, 114, 289, 411, 414, 416, 254, 456, 617 418, 442, 488, 508–9, 530 Price fall (decline), 94 Parent works, 607 Price increase, 507 Paris, France, 8, 32, 85, 89, 115–17, 120, Price reduction, 141 162, 184, 370, 408, 434, 459, 607 Price war, 90, 254, 445, 587 Parsippany, New Jersey,540, 541, 542 Primaryproducts (initial product, input, Partner, 8, 13–16, 20, 27, 32, 35, 59, 131, precursor), 392, 436–7, 450, 486, 495, 164, 165, 185, 329, 358, 365, 430, 440, 498, 518, 539–41, 547, 552, 618 442–4, 448–9, 466, 468, 469, 471, 491, Prisoner of war (POW), 174, 290 516–18, 520–1, 537, 538, 552, 554, 557, Product range, 61, 555, 599 577, 579, 586, 603 Production area, 14, 20, 221, 226, 230, 235, Patent (products, laws, issues), 11, 25, 26, 256, 277, 287, 411, 432, 561, 565 27, 47, 48, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 61, 62, 65, Production costs, 60, 65, 89, 97, 227, 241, 66, 69, 71, 79, 80, 81, 82, 87, 90, 91, 92, 378, 388, 481, 485–6, 493, 495, 507 113, 122, 124, 126, 134, 137, 140, 143, Production factor, 427, 477 150, 156, 159, 188, 191, 228, 284, 332, Production processes (methods), 24–5, 42, 439, 466, 493, 607, 619 54, 70, 73, 78, 89, 108, 231, 302, 319, Patent committee, 89 373, 433, 450, 492, 499, 515, 620 Pension (annuities, retirement), 106, 107, Production site (location, unit), 6, 231, 343, 390, 420, 421, 422, 424, 426 497–500, 507, 542, 615 People’s capitalism, 420 Profit center, 563 Persia, 139 Profit planning, 478, 483, 487, 546–8, 575, Persian Gulf, 139 595, 597, 599, 618 petrochemistry, 435, 438–42, 445–6, Profit sharing, 425 449–52, 474, 496, 510 Prussia, 18, 26, 27, 32 Pfingstweide (Ludwigshafen), Germany, 423, Publicity, 76, 99, 185, 582 489, 490 Puerto Rico, 497, 546

674 Subject Index

Quality(control), 10, 27, 32, 43, 45, 47, 528, 534, 538, 547, 561, 564, 566–8, 573, 58–9, 62–3, 66–7, 70–1, 85, 137–8, 142, 580, 590, 594, 597, 599, 601–4, 607–8, 168, 182, 187, 190–1, 197, 232, 247, 279, 611, 620 291, 306, 316, 354, 377, 378, 384–5, 392, Research and development (R&D), 230, 397, 403–4, 412, 428–30, 437, 439, 477, 239, 458, 515, 554, 598, 565 483–4, 489, 493, 496, 508, 510, 512, 516, Rhine River, 308, 311, 477, 485, 488, 493, 536, 552, 555, 578–9, 583–7, 598, 611 507, 508, 509, 510 Rheinland, Germany, 178, 414, 393 Radebeul, Germany 140 Rheinmunster,¨ Germany, 529 Railroad, railway, 15, 17, 19, 140, 147, 159, Rio de Janeiro, 497, 616 234, 351, 446 Rome, Italy, 491, 575, 592 Rationalization (efﬁciency, modernization, Rosario, Argentina, 558 streamlining), 89, 131, 218, 234, 542, Rotterdam, The Netherands, 491, 493, 555, 594 543 Rattwitz, Germany, 299–300, 302 Royalties, 188, 228, 229, 256, 258, 279, Raw materials (consumption, supply), 5, 7, 522, 528 10, 87, 89, 116, 127–8, 137, 152, 155, Rubber commission, 261 159, 161–2, 165, 170, 254, 270, 275–6, Russia, 32, 83, 85–7, 96, 132, 137, 161, 291, 294, 300–1, 308–9, 316–20, 333, 178, 298 343, 349, 373, 377, 430–3, 436–42, 444, 449, 451–2, 467, 475–6, 484–6, 489, Safetyand health (occupational and public), 493–5, 497–500, 511, 515–6, 518, 522, 18, 22, 58, 79, 107–8, 110–12, 127, 548, 551–2, 555, 558, 563, 573, 591, 594, 147–8, 155, 199, 312, 345–6, 410, 417, 599, 610, 616, 617 421, 616 Reconstruction, 201, 336, 340, 348–9, 356, Saale River, Germany, 169 359, 373–5, 383, 388, 436, 437, 477, 543, Saar River, Germany, 414, 506 544, 561 Salary(see also Wage), 16, 48, 77, 84, Reintegration (remerger), 372, 460 102–4, 177, 179, 253, 275, 410, 412–13, Refounding, 208, 335, 357, 362–7, 376, 415–9, 425–8, 434 392, 398, 402, 409, 413, 425, 435, 438, Salary-earners’ Pension Fund, 420, 422 442, 479, 557, 559, 561 Sales contract, 16, 141 Reparations (-Commission), 183–4, 187, Sales offer, 33, 35, 47, 135, 177, 192, 218, 190, 201–2, 213, 348, 351, 352 354, 522 Reserve fund, 31, 98–101, 547, 550 Saltpeter promise, 163 Restriction (restraint) of competition, 520 Sao˜ Paulo, Brazil, 497 Return (rate of), 21, 25–26, 41, 43, 48, 104, Scandinavia, 83 106, 122, 125–6, 130, 132, 141, 147, 169, Schlieffen-Plan, 162 175, 177, 186, 188, 198, 256, 272, 296, Scholven, Germany, 257–9, 277–8, 288, 299, 301, 310, 374, 375, 382–3, 387, 398, 406, 461 418, 433, 457, 462, 467, 469, 471, 472, Science-based industry(see New industry) 473, 480–1, 494, 524, 529, 532, 533, Scientists (academics), 144, 181, 192, 197, 547, 553, 575, 578, 582, 590, 597, 607, 235, 281–2, 298–9 613 Self-administration, 17 Research (staff, resources), 6, 11–12, 23–6, Sellers’ market, 476 41, 45–7, 50–6, 60, 62, 64–5, 80–2, 103, Service function, 52, 54, 70, 123, 187, 398, 105, 122–4, 134, 142, 145–6, 150, 154, 430–1, 476, 514, 547, 620 159–60, 191–2, 207, 219, 230–3, 238, Sequester (-authorities, sequestration), 349, 240, 244–5, 270, 280, 282, 287, 288–9, 363, 372, 440 309, 329, 330, 335, 343, 348, 355, 366–7, Settlement (Abﬁndung), 108, 147, 157, 179, 375–9, 385, 403–4, 427–9, 431–6, 438, 197, 198, 344, 406, 415, 423, 511 440–1, 449, 451, 456–7, 465–6, 470, 477, Severance package, 530, 556, 558 478, 482–3, 492, 498–9, 501, 509, 518, Shanghai, China, 542

Subject Index 675

Share capital, 22, 31, 34, 69, 98–101, 119, Standardization, 10, 68 136, 158–9, 173, 196, 203, 205, 364, 367, Stearing Committee, 529 369, 370, 374, 390–1, 399, 402, 409, 421, Stettin, Germany, 278 461, 472, 530, 532, 543, 548, 551, 553, Stock corporation, 15, 20, 39, 99, 100, 364, 558, 591, 593, 601, 605, 606 379, 386, 398, 405–6, 553, 590 Shareholders (-registryof, -meeting, Stock market, 31, 400, 552 -opposition, -resolutions), 20, 30, 47, 98, Strikes, 114, 147–50, 157, 176, 179, 184, 130, 336, 358, 364, 366–7, 369, 372–3, 194, 199–200, 233, 272, 412–19, 504 375, 391, 395, 397–401, 404–7, 409, 424, Sturmabteilung (SA), 252, 272, 330, 338, 454–55, 460, 464–5, 467–8, 472, 529–30, 345 532, 536, 546, 551, 553, 557, 588, 591, Sturmstaffel (SS), 252, 272, 303, 306, 314, 593, 603, 604, 606 328–9 Sherman Antitrust Act, 520, 521 Stuttgart, Germany, 12–13, 20–1, 30–7, 39, Siegburg, Germany, 530, 551, 556, 558 41, 44, 46–8, 56, 83–4, 88, 95–6, 101, Silesia (now Poland), 551 112, 118–19, 128, 171, 364, 380, 508, Silk processing, 8 594–5 Slave Labor, 327–9, 338 Stuttgart-Feuerbach, Germany 595 Slough, England, 592 South Africa, 95 Social partnership, (cooperation between South America, 10, 599 labor and management, labor-management Subsidiary, 35, 42, 48, 86, 89, 229, 260, 310, relations), 413, 416, 477 356, 421, 426, 449, 458, 468, 492, 494–5, Social policy(reform), 106, 107, 111, 112, 503, 515–17, 523–5, 528–9, 533, 540–1, 415, 417, 477 553, 556, 577, 580–5, 587, 589, 594, Social system of production, 376, 429, 530, 595 615 Sudetenland, 276, 298–9 South Kearny, New Jersey,517 Supervisoryboard, 26, 33, 36, 38–41, 44–9, Social beneﬁts, 415 98–100, 102, 117–20, 127–8, 131–5, 143, Social Democrats (SPD), 109, 113, 114, 147, 151, 166, 181–2, 201, 204–5, 249 216–17, 236, 257–8, 284, 291, 307, 338, Social security, 106, 417 359, 362–8, 372–6, 383, 386–7, 396–8, Spain, 87–8, 156, 161, 242, 298, 434, 435, 400–4, 416, 447, 453, 456–7, 461, 470–1, 458 489, 518, 528–9, 530, 536, 538, 549, Sparten (division) (-African and West 557–8, 591–2, 605, 613 African-, -agriculture-, -chemical warfare, Sweden, 32 -coatings chemistry-, -dye stuffs and aids-, Switzerland, 6, 8, 13, 32, 124, 218, -ﬁbers-, -information system-, -laquer 393 division, -legal affairs-, -magnetic Syndicate, 92, 127–8, 156–7, 190, 419, 438, technology-, -nitrogen-, -nitrite fertilizer-, 442, 448–9 -(Sparte)I,-(Sparte) II, -(Sparte) III, Syndicate Committee, 448–9 -(Sparte)IV,-(Sparte) V, -product-(Sparte), Synergy, 14, 215, 431, 542, 594 -production-(Sparten I, II, III), -Sales-), Synthetic dye, 5–6, 32, 63, 115, 120, 121, 134, 138, 146, 191–2 203, 207, 212, 126, 434 220–1, 223–42, 244, 253, 257, 260–2, Synthetic resin, 593 264, 266, 269, 273, 276, 282–3, 285–8, 289, 292, 298, 307, 315, 333, 339, 354 Tacit knowledge (transfer), 10, 24, 348 360, 365, 431, 433, 436, 451, 481, 485, Tarragona, Spain, 497, 615 542, 549, 561, 566, 570, 576–8, 582, Task force, 442, 563, 596–7 584–6, 588–9, 596–9, 601–10, 612, 614 Tax (-burden, -policy, reform, -sheet, Speyer, Germany, 18, 77 capital-), 194, 248, 368, 389–91, 398, Stade, Germany, 529 405, 408, 418, 420–2, 445, 448, 455, 457, Stakeholder, 409 464–5, 489–92, 515, 522, 527, 530–1, Stalingrad, Russia, 313, 323 543, 553, 588, 590

676 Subject Index

Technical Committee (TEA), 220, 288, 305, United States, 8, 27, 32, 35, 79, 81, 120, 374, 382, 384, 385, 458, 561 127, 161, 171, 177, 187–8, 190, 225–6, Technical director, 9, 12, 16, 22, 25, 46, 117, 228, 234, 269, 313, 355, 393–4, 428, 434, 134, 173 441, 445, 480, 488, 498, 500, 511, 513, Technical Dyehouse, 429 514, 515, 518–20, 522–5, 529, 531, 534, Technicians, 47, 50, 56, 68, 74, 103, 116, 538–9, 547, 559, 569, 574, 576, 579–80, 150, 224, 231, 239, 260, 299, 429, 430, 582–4, 588, 598, 609, 617, 620 478, 494, 587 United States Department of Justice, 520–1 Technology(-transfer), 24, 52, 56, 59, 75, United States Atomic EnergyCommission, 103, 144–5, 151, 153, 155, 157, 159, 167, 505 182–4, 186–7, 192, 196, 211–12, 220, University(education, degree, institute), 11, 225–9, 235, 241, 244, 246, 257, 260–1, 25, 28, 52, 53, 54, 105, 107, 119, 122, 277, 283, 285, 292, 298, 343, 346, 361, 153, 174, 191, 427, 613 378–9, 387, 428–31, 435–8, 440, 450, Upper Rhine Group, 207–363, 380–1, 461 451, 453, 466, 477–8, 484, 486–7, 498, Upper Silesia, 298, 299, 300, 315, 328, 331, 499, 501–2, 504, 505, 510, 535–6, 540–1, 344 552, 556, 569–70, 575, 577–9, 582–4, 586, 588–90, 594, 597–8, 617–19 Verbund (integrated production programs, Textile (-manufacture, -dyes, -industry), 5–6, combined lines of production and technical 64, 136, 269, 319, 333, 417, 430, 551, infrastructures, integrated production 558 complex [structures], dense network, Thuringia, 10 interlocking operations, interlocking Tombigbee River, Alabama, 534, 535, 536, cooperative management plant network, 537 compound system), 469, 483–7, 489, 491, Toulouse, France, 230 494–9, 506, 510–11, 538–42, 544, 569, Trade-off, 419 573, 600-1, 610, 613–15, 618–20 Trade Union (see Labor Union) Versailles, Treatyof, 183, 184, 186, 187, Trafﬁc (-jams, road conditions, street 188 system), 445, 490 Vienna, Austria, 8 Training system, 377 Transport (-ofﬁce, -technology, Wage (increase, demand, cut, costs, level, communications), 10, 19, 52, 75, 109, policy, negotiation; see also Synergy), 102, 159, 248, 294, 349, 443, 485, 490, 109–10, 146–9, 157–8, 176, 178–9, 194, 577 199, 201, 213, 234–5, 253, 272, 338, 348, Tripartite Agreement of 1968, 531 410–12, 414–19, 424–6, 449, 477, 546, Trostberg, Germany, 166, 167 586 Troys, Michigan, 540 Waltham, Massachusetts, 543, 577 Trust, 204, 215–20, 222–3, 230, 234–7, War Raw Materials Department, 162 239–40, 242, 247, 250–66, 275, 286, 307, Washington, D.C. 152, 513 338, 340, 344–5, 357, 359–60, 362, Waterworks, 43, 318 366–9, 372–7, 383, 387–8, 397, 399–400, Welfare institutions, 111 404, 413, 419, 424, 429, 437, 442–4, Welfare-state capitalism, 420, 445 454–63, 467–8, 470, 473–5, 489, 523, Wesseling near Koln¨ (Cologne), Germany 544, 561, 574, 589, 599, 605 298, 440, 442–6, 448–50, 453, 498 Tsingtao, China, 140 Whippany, New Jersey,607 Turkey, 402, 434, 459 Williamsburg, Virginia, 521, 522, 526, 528, 535, 536, 538, 541, 542 Uerdingen, Germany, 214, 218 Willstatt¨ near Kehl, 578, 582, 585, 586, 587, Ukraine, 323 588 Unions, 147–50, 176, 178–9, 194, 199–201, Wolfen (-Bitterfeld), Germany, 222, 246, 286 249, 251–2, 271–3, 357, 364, 411, 415, Worcester, Massachusetts, 609 477, 556 World exhibition, 32, 434

Subject Index 677

World market, 57, 140, 160, 161, 177, 212, 421, 423, 424, 425, 427, 429, 435, 448, 239, 241, 261, 360, 375, 383, 388, 389, 449, 490, 539, 544, 546, 558, 559, 588, 434, 437, 574, 579, 590, 608, 609, 610, 595, 596 615, 619 Working Committee of the Managing Board, Workers (-association -factorysalaryearner, 217, 236, 239 -honorarysalaryearner, -skilled, Working conditions, 147, 175–6, 194, -unskilled), 49, 72–3, 75, 102, 107–9, 325 112, 149, 160, 170, 174–5, 176, 193, 194, Works council, 272, 357, 364–5, 410–16, 197, 306, 325–6, 409, 421–2, 423, 426 418, 424, 490, 559 Workers Association of the BASF, 149, Working hours, 110, 148, 157, 175–6, 178, 176 199–200, 245, 271–2, 290, 306, 409–10, Workers’ Committee, 130, 147–8, 176, 490, 502 178–80 Workshop, 8, 74, 246, 252 Workers Council chairman, 364, 410, 413, World War I, 227, 233, 252, 260, 296, 329, 416, 418 335 Workers’ housing, 72–3, 107–8, 112, 160, World War II, 223, 312, 335, 343, 381, 391, 193, 197, 306, 325–6, 421, 422, 423 439, 575 Workforce (-employees, -committee Worms, Germany, 14, 78 (Angestelltenausschuβ), -exempt from Wurttemberg,¨ Germany, 32, 36, 73 collectivelyagreed labor cibtract Wyandotte, Michigan, 495, 497, 512, 534, (AT-Mitarbeiter), -representation 539–40, 548, 581, 582, 589 (Arbeitnehmervertretung) -workers, -housing, -skilled, -unskilled), 173, 174, Ypres, Belgium, 165 175, 176, 180, 193, 194, 195, 200, 233, Yugoslavia, 434 234, 243, 245, 246, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252, 253, 272, 289, 290, 291, 292, 306, Zanzibar, 10 310, 311, 312, 322, 323, 324, 325, 327, Zeitz, Germany, 259 328, 334, 345, 355, 377, 384, 404, 409, Zurich, Switzerland, 64, 67, 105, 408, 461, 411, 412, 413, 415, 416, 417, 419, 420, 574