ENGLISH 8720: Theater and Neighborhood in Shakespeare’s London

Spring Semester 2013 Professor Christopher Highley Classroom: Scott Lab N0044 Class time: Fri 11:10-2:05 Office: Denney 558; 292-1833 Office Hours: Wed 10-2 and by appointment [email protected]

Class Description: This class will examine the different theatrical neighborhoods of Early Modern London in which the plays of Shakespeare and his contemporaries were performed. We will pay special attention to three neighborhoods: Southwark, on the south-bank of the River Thames, was home to the Globe, the Rose, and several other ampitheaters; Blackfriars, an ex-monastic Liberty inside the walls of the City, was home to indoor theaters; and Clerkenwell, northwest of the City, was the location of the Fortune and Red Bull playhouses. When and for what reasons was playing first attracted to these areas? What political, economic, demographic, and social conditions allowed playing to survive here? What local neighborhood pressures shaped the identity and fortunes of these venues? Did the location of a playhouse determine the composition of its audience and thus the kinds of plays performed? Did playwrights build awareness of the playhouse neighborhood into their plays? We will read representative plays from each of the theaters we study (for exxmple, Jonson's The Alchemist, and Beaumont’s Knight of the Burning Pestle for the Blackfriars), but we will also devote much of our attention to the social and theatrical documents that reveal how theaters functioned within specific neighborhoods. We will look at the documents of royal, metropolitan, and ecclesiastical authorities, along with petitions of neighborhood residents, contemporary accounts of playgoing, and anti-theatrical tracts. Finally, we will read recent scholarship that both theorizes place/space in general and that explores the local coordinates of the Early Modern theatrical enterprise.

Requirements: • Two in-class reports. Do not read directly from the article: instead, use notes or an outline. This is a formal presentation: do not chew gum or use colloquial language (10% each)

• Paper One: Overview and critical assessment of an Early Modern play in the OSU Rare Book Room. The OSU Libraries Special Collections contains an outstanding assortment of Early Modern plays. For a complete list of titles, see The Stanley J. Kahrl Renaissance and Restoration Drama Collection compiled by Kathleen E. Kennedy with Geoffrey D. Smith (2002). If you enter as a title “Stanley J. Kahrl Renaissance and Restoration Drama” in the OSU Library catalog you will get a listing of all the items in the collection. To find out if the library has an early edition of a particular play, search by play title or author, but limit the search to “Special Collections.” Online versions of early editions of all Early Modern printed plays are also available through Early English Books Online (one of the Library’s research databases). Modern (searchable) transcriptions of printed plays can be accessed through the English Verse Drama site (another of the Library’s research databases). This assignment is more a detailed report than an argumentative paper. Imagine your reader to be someone who is well informed about Early Modern drama but who has not read your chosen play. Give an overview of your play’s plots and major themes. Note anything about the play you find interesting or unusual. Find out what you can about where and by whom the play was performed / printed (approx 5 pages double-space minimum) (20%)

• Final Project: A 10-12 page research paper due at the end of the semester (you should think of the paper as a potential conference presentation; 10-12pp=20 minute reading time) (60%)

Attendance Policy I expect you to be present at and an active participant in every class session unless you are sick or have a genuine emergency. If I think you have missed too many classes (for whatever reasons) I reserve the right to ask you to withdraw from, or to drop you from, the class.

Academic Misconduct It is the responsibility of the Committee on Academic Misconduct to investigate or establish procedures for the investigation of all reported cases of student academic misconduct. The term “academic misconduct” includes all forms of student academic misconduct wherever committed; illustrated by, but not limited to, cases of plagiarism and dishonest practices in connection with examinations. Instructors shall report all instances of alleged academic misconduct to the committee (Faculty Rule 3335-5-487). For additional information, see the Code of Student Conduct (http://studentaffairs.osu.edu/info_for_students/csc.asp).” Week 1 Jan. 11 Introduction to course

Electronic resources: OSU Digital Shakespeare: DEEP: http://deep.sas.upenn.edu/ Map of Early Modern London: http://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/ British History Online: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/place.aspx?gid=86®ion=1 John Stow, Survey of London http://www.british-history.ac.uk/source.aspx?pubid=593 Strype’s edition of Stow (1720) http://www.hrionline.ac.uk.proxy.lib.ohio- state.edu/strype/index.jsp Virtual Paul’s Cross Project: http://vpcp.chass.ncsu.edu/ Folger exhibition: Open City: London, 1500-1700 http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL5D33665146EA4CD8 Early Modern Resources: http://earlymodernweb.org/category/themes/arts/performing/drama

Lecture: “A history of urban space: changing concepts of space in the study of the early modern metropolis” https://historyspot.org.uk/podcasts/metropolitan-history/history-urban-space-changing- concepts-space-study-early-modern

Lecture: “Applying new spatial techniques in the study of late medieval London” https://historyspot.org.uk/podcasts/metropolitan-history/applying-new-spatial-techniques- study-late-medieval-london

Week 2 Jan. 18 Mullaney and his Critics Early Northern Ampitheaters: The Theater (Hollywell) and The Curtain (Shoreditch) Stow, Survey of London (“Orders and Customs,” 73-7; “Sports and Pastimes,” 84-9; “City divided into Parts,” 107-10; “Portsoken Ward,” 110-17 [this continues on a separate pdf]); “Broad Street Ward,” 160-7; “Temporal Government of this City,” 437-46 (Carmen) Steven Mullaney, The Place of the Stage: License, Play, and Power in Renaissance England (University of Chicago Press, 1988), vii-xii, 1-59 (Carmen) Alan Somerset, “Cultural Poetics or Historical Prose: The Places of the Stage,” MARDE 1 (1999), 34-60 (Carmen) Wickham, Glynne, Herbert Berry, and William Ingram eds, English Professional Theatre, 1539-1660 (Cambridge UP, 2000), docs 260, 262, 264, 66, 268, 271-3, 288, 299, 320-8 (Carmen)

Report: Victoria Mark Bayer, Ch.1. “Rethinking City and Suburb, ” in Theater, Community and Civic Engagement in Jacobean London (University of Iowa Press, 2011) (OSU Library Online Book) Ian Archer, “The City of London and the Theater,” in Oxford Handbook of Early Modern Theatre, ed. Richard Dutton (Oxford UP, 2009), 396-412 (Carmen)

Further Reading: Matt Kozusko, “Taking Liberties,” Early Theatre 9.1 (2006), 37-60 Ian Archer, “Shakespeare’s London,” in A Companion to Shakespeare, ed. David Scott Kastan (Blackwell, 1999), 42-56 ---. “Government in Early Modern London: The Challenge of the Suburbs,” in Two Capitals: London and Dublin (Oxford UP, 2002) Jeremy Boulton, “Theatrical Cultures in Early Modern London,” Urban History 27.1 (2000), 89-104 (an urban historian’s response to recent scholarship on early modern theater) “From the Editor,” Shakespeare Quarterly 42 (1991), iii-vii (Mullaney v Jeremy Boulton) Robert Yann, “The Theatre and the London Liberties: The Place of the Sacrificial Stage,” University of Toronto Quarterly 4 (2005), 957-63 William Ingram, The Business of Playing: The Beginnings of the Adult Professional Theater in Elizabethan London (Cornell UP, 1992) Gabriel Egan, “The Theatre in Shoreditch, 1576-1599,” in Dutton, Handbook (lists latest scholarship) Berry, Herbert, ed. The First Public Playhouse: The Theatre in Shoreditch, 1576-1598 (Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 1979)

Week 3 Jan. 25 Bankside: The Rose Stow, Survey, “Bridge Ward Without,” 369-82 (Carmen) Carol Chillington Rutter, Documents of the Rose Playhouse (Manchester UP, 1984) (docs 1-8, 10, 12-18, 33, 35-6, 40-1, 46, 49, 51, 53, 62-5, 69, 85, 87-8, 91-3, 100-1) (Carmen) Bayer, Theater, Community and Civic Engagement, 68-91 (Online Book)

Thomas Dekker, The Shoemaker’s Holiday (1599)

Report: John Charles Whitney, “The Devil his Due: Mayor John Spencer, Elizabethan Civic Antitheatricalism and The Shoemaker’s Holiday,” MARDE 14 (2001), 168-85

Further Reading: Andrew Gurr, Shakespeare’s Opposites: The Admiral’s Company 1594-1625 (Cambridge UP, 2009) Christine Eccles, The Rose Theatre (Routledge, 1990) Bowsher, Julian M. C. “The Rose and Its Stages,” Shakespeare Survey 60 (2007), 36-48 Bowsher, Julian, and Pat Miller. The Rose and the Globe—Playhouses of Shakespeare’s Bankside, Southwark: Excavations 1988–1991 (London: Museum of London Archaeology, 2009) Bowsher, Julian. Shakespeare’s London Theatreland: Archaeology, History and Drama (Museum of London Archaeology, 2012)

Week 4 Feb. 1 Bankside: The Globe and Swan Prostitution Wickham et al, English Professional Theatre, Swan Intro and docs 351-66; Globe Intro and docs 393-400 (Carmen) William Ingram, “The Globe Playhouse and its Neighbours in 1600,” Essays in Theatre 2:2 (1984), 63-72 (Carmen) ---. “’Neare the Playe howse’: The Swan Theater and Community Blight,” Renaissance Drama 4 (1971), 53-68 (Carmen) Bayer book 85ff

Measure for Measure (The Globe, 1603-4) Middleton, A Chaste Maid in Cheapside (The Swan, 1613) Julius Caesar (1599)

Report: Liz Jessica Browner, “Wrong Side of the River: London’s Disreputable South Bank in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Century,” Essays in History 36 (1994), 34-72

Further Reading: Jeremy Boulton, Neighborhood and Society: Southwark (Cambridge UP, 1984) Cerasano, S. P. “Edward Alleyn: His Brothel’s Keeper?” MARDE 13 (2001), 93-100 Salkeld, Duncan. Shakespeare among the Courtesans (Ashgate, 2012) Burford, E. J. Bawds and Lodgings: A History of the London Bankside Brothels (London, 1976) Griffiths, Paul. “The Structure of Prostitution in Elizabethan London,” Continuity and Change, 8, (1993)

Week 5 Feb. 8 Bankside: The Hope Animal baiting Wickham et al, English Professional Theatre, Intro and docs 459-467

Jonson, Bartholomew Fair (1614)

Report: Torsa Jason Scott-Warren, “When Theaters Were Bear-Gardens; or, What’s at Stake in the Comedy of Humors,” Shakespeare Quarterly, 54 (2003): 63-82 Not successful as report

Further Reading: Cerasano, S. P. "'The Master of the Bears in Art and Enterprise,'" MARDE 5 (1991), 195- 209 Dickey, Stephen. "Shakespeare's Mastiff Comedy," Shakespeare Quarterly 42 (1991), 255-75 Hawkes, Terence. "Harry Hunks, Superstar," Around the Globe: The Magazine of the International Shakespeare Globe Centre (Autumn 1996), 12-13 Hofele, Andreas. Stake and Scaffold: Humans and Animals in Shakespeare's Theatre (Oxford University Press, 2011)

Week 6 Feb. 15 Clerkenwell and Finsbury: The Red Bull and the Fortune Wickham et al, English Professional Theatre, pp564-94 (Intro and docs 437-440, 443- 449, 451, 453-455, 457) Bayer, Theater, Community and Civic Engagement (91-115) (Online Book)

Heywood, The Silver Age (Read edition on EEBO) Rowley, When You See Me you Know Me (1604) (Read 1613 edition on EEBO)

Report: Bayer, Theater, Community and Civic Engagement, Ch.4 “The Spectacle of History at the Red Bull” (Online book)

Further Reading: Mark Bayer, “The Red Bull Playhouse,” in Dutton, Handbook C. P. Cerasano, “More Elbow Roome, but Scant Better Aire’: The Fortune Playhouse and its Social Surroundings,” Indiana Social Studies Quarterly 35 (1982), 70-84 Rowland, Richard. Thomas Heywood’s Theatre, 1599-1639: Locations, Translations, and Conflict (Ashgate, 2010)

Paper One Due

Week 7 Feb. 22 Inside the Walls: Paul’s Playhouse Wickham et al, English Professional Theatre, 306-19 (Carmen) Reavley Gair, The Children of Paul’s: The Story of a Theatre Company, 1553-1608 (Cambridge UP, 1982)

Thomas Middleton, The Puritain or the Widow of Watling Street (1606) (Oxford Middleton Online)

Report: Mary Morrissey, Politics and the Paul’s Cross Sermons, 1558-1642 (Oxford UP, 2011), Ch.1. “the History of a Sermon Series” Roze Henstschell, "Moralizing Apparel in Early Modern London: Sermons, Satire, and Sartorial Display." Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies 39.3 (2009), 571-96

Further Reading: Shapiro, Michael. “Early (Pre-1590) Boy Companies and their Acting Venues,” in Dutton ed. Handbook ---. Children of the Revels: The Boy Companies of Shakespeare’s Time and their Plays (Columbia UP, 1977) Mary Bly, “The Boy Companies 1599-1613,” Dutton ed. Handbook, 136-53 Ruge, Enno. “Preaching and Playing at Paul’s: The Puritans, The Puritaine, and the Closing of Paul’s Playhouse,” in Censorship & Cultural Regulation in the Modern Age, ed. Beate Müller (Rodopi, 2004)

Podcast: John Schofield, “St. Paul’s Cathedral Before Christopher Wren” http://www.folger.edu/Content/Whats-On/Digital-Folger/St-Pauls-Cathedral-Before- Christopher-Wren.cfm

Week 8 March 1 The Whitefriars Playhouse The Inns of Court Wickham et al, English Professional Theatre, 547-63 (Carmen) Mary Bly, “Playing the Tourist in Early Modern London: Selling the Liberties Onstage,” PMLA 122.1 (2007), 61-71

Lording Barry, Ram Alley (1608) (EEBO) Jonson, Epicene (1610)

Report: Carmen Mary Bly, Queer Virgins and Virgin Queans (selections)

Further Reading: Munro, Lucy. Children of the Queen's Revels: A Jacobean Theatre Repertory (Cambridge UP, 2005) ---. “The Whitefriars Theatre and the children's companies,” in Ben Jonson in Context, ed. Julie Sanders (Cambridge UP, 2010). Yiu, Mimi. “Sounding the Space between Men: Choric and Choral Cities in Ben Jonson’s Epicene,” PMLA 122.1 (2007), 72-88

Week 9 March 8 Inside the Walls: The Blackfriars Playhouses The Children of Blackfriars Wickham et al, English Professional Theatre, First Blackfriars: Intro and docs 308-9, 313-14, 317-18 [not necessary]; Second Blackfriars: Intro and docs 401-8 (Carmen)

Chapman, Jonson, and Marston, Eastward Ho (1605) Francis Beaumont, Knight of the Burning Pestle (1607)

Report: John Dillon, Janette. Ch.5 “Placing the Boundaries: The Knight of the Burning Pestle,” Theatre, Court, and City, 1595-1610: Drama and Social Space in London (Cambridge UP, 2000) (Carmen)

Further Reading: Smith, Irwin. Shakespeare's Blackfriars Playhouse. New York: New York University Press, 1964 Cohen, Ralph Alan. “The Most Convenient Place: The Second Blackfriars Theatre and its Appeal,” in Dutton ed. Handbook

Week 10 Spring Break

Week 11 March 22 Reading Week

Week 12 March 29 Inside the Walls: The Blackfriars Playhouse Blackfriars and the King’s Men Wickham et al, English Professional Theatre, doc 408 (Carmen)

Jonson, The Alchemist (1610) Shakespeare and Fletcher, Henry VIII (1612)

Report: Torsa Cheryl Ross, “The Plague and The Alchemist,” Renaissance Quarterly 41 (1988), 439-58

Further Reading: Barroll, Leeds. “Shakespeare and the Second Blackfriars Theater,” Shakespeare Studies 33 (2005), 156-70 Knutson, Roslyn. “What was James Burbage Thinking???" in Thunder at a Playhouse eds. Peter Kanelos and Matt Kozusko. Selinsgrove, PA: Susquehanna University Press, 2010. 116-30 ---. “The Blackfriars Theatre and the Indoor Theatres,” in Ben Jonson in Context Menzer, Paul, ed. Inside Shakespeare: Essays on the Blackfriars Stage (Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press, 2006) Enno Rugge. “Short Cuts to Salvation: Representing Visible Saints in Ben Jonson’s The Alchemist,” in Representing Religious Pluralization in Early Modern England (2007) Smallwood, R. L. “’Here in the Friars’: Immediacy and Theatricality in The Alchemist,” RES 32.126 (May 1981), 142-60 Amy Appleford, “Shakespeare’s Katherine of Aragon: Last Medieval Queen, First Recusant Martyr,” JMEMS 40.1 (2010), 149-72

Week 13 April 5 Inside the Walls: The Blackfriars Playhouse The Caroline Blackfriars Wickham et al, English Professional Theatre, docs 410, 412-15 (Carmen)

Play: Shirley, The Cardinal (1641)

Report: Liz Myhill, Nova. “Taking the Stage: Spectators as Spectacle in the Caroline Private Theaters,” in Imagining the Audience in Early Modern Drama, 1558-1642, ed. Jennifer A. Lowe and Nova Myhill (Palgrave, 2011), 36-54 (Carmen)

Further Reading: Neill, Michael. “’Wits most accomplish’d senate’: The Audience of the Caroline Private Theaters,” SEL 18 (1978) Pritchard, Allan. “Puritans and the Blackfriars Theater: The Cases of Mistresses Duck and Drake,” SQ 45 (1994), 92-5

Week 14 April 12 West End Theaters: Cockpit/Phoenix (Drury Lane), Salisbury Court (Whitefrairs) Wickham et al, English Professional Theatre, Cockpit/Phoenix, intro and docs 481-96; Salisbury Court, Intro and docs 505-17 Bayer, Theatre, Community, and Civic Engagement Ch.5 (Online book)

Brome, The Weeding of Covent Garden (1632). Available online at: http://www.hrionline.ac.uk/brome/viewTranscripts.jsp?play=CG&act=1&type=BOTH

Report: Carmen Adam Zucker, “Covent Garden: Town Culture and the Location of Wit” in The Places of Wit in Early Modern English Comedy (Cambridge UP, 2011) (Carmen)

Further Reading: Martin Butler, “Exeunt Fighting: Poets, Players, and Impresarios at the Caroline Hall Theaters,” in Farmer and Zucker, Localizing Caroline Drama ---. “Adult and Boy Playing Companies 1625-1642,” in Dutton ed. Handbook

Week 15 April 19 Student presentations Final papers due