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The State of Biofuels Development in Cameroon

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The State of Biofuels Development in Cameroon THE STATE OF BIOFUELS DEVELOPMENT IN CAMEROON Selected policy recommendations for sustainable biofuels production About the authors Durando NDONGSOK is expert in climate finance and low emission development strategies. He has experience in several African countries and is Co-founder and Managing Director of S2 Services. He has been for several years columnist in Financial Nigeria where he writes about sustainable development strategies for Africa. Theresa Irma Sabrina MANDENG is an environmental engineer working as Project Manager at S2 Services and focusing on climate finance and low emission development strategies. Herve AZEMTSA is renewable energy and energy efficiency expert, with experience in many Sub-Saharan African countries. He is Co-founder of S2 Services and Co-founder and member of the Steering Committee of the Africa Renewable Energy Alliance. Carole TANKEU is a senior urban environmentalist with over 20 years of experience in public and private sectors. She has experience in several African countries and is Associate Director of S2 Services where she manages the gender unit. She is especially working on raising awareness among African women on the importance of clean energy and developing strategies to make clean energy accessible and affordable to all African women. Prof. Dr. Oliver C. RUPPEL is the Director of the Climate Change Policy and Energy Security Programme for Sub-Saharan Africa of the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS) in Yaoundé, Cameroon. This regional office closely cooperates with the 14 KAS country offices in Sub- Saharan Africa (Cote d’Ivoire, DRC, Ghana, Kenya, Mali, Namibia, Angola, Nigeria, Senegal, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda). He is also a Professor of Public and International Law. ISBN: 978-2-84849-253-7 2018 This document is produced by the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), Cameroon in cooperation with S2 Services Ltd. Cameroon. DISCLAIMER Copyright Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung, Yaoundé, Cameroon (2018) and the authors. The content hereof, including any final errors or omissions that remain, is the sole responsibility of the authors. All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without prior written permission by the copyright holders. Views expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect those of the Konrad-Adenauer- Stiftung. Printed in the Republic of Cameroon. This is a free copy and not for sale. i Table of Contents List of figures ........................................................................................................... iii List of tables ............................................................................................................. iii Acronyms ................................................................................................................. iv Preface ...................................................................................................................... v Foreword .................................................................................................................. vi Summary/Sommaire ............................................................................................... vii About the study ......................................................................................................... 1 Context of the study ................................................................................................. 1 Definition of biofuels in this study ............................................................................... 2 Expected results of the study ..................................................................................... 3 Methodology of the study........................................................................................... 3 Different steps of the study ........................................................................................ 3 Structure of the study ............................................................................................... 4 Part I – State of biofuels production in Cameroon and the importance of a legal framework ................................................................................................................. 5 Global context of biofuels production ........................................................................ 6 Importance of biofuels in the world energy mix ............................................................ 6 Global state of biofuels production .............................................................................. 6 Global trends in biofuels production ............................................................................ 7 Biofuels potential in sub-Saharan Africa ....................................................................... 9 State of biofuels production in selected African countries ............................................. 10 Biofuels and sustainable development in Africa ........................................................... 12 Context of biofuels production in Cameroon ............................................................ 15 About Cameroon ..................................................................................................... 15 Cameroon and biofuels potential ............................................................................... 15 Existing institutions and their roles in biofuel production .............................................. 17 Previous biofuels-related studies in Cameroon and how the question was tackled ........... 18 Cameroon’s strategic/orientation documents regarding biofuels .................................... 18 Gap analysis of the current Cameroonian regulatory framework in relation to biofuels production ............................................................................................................... 20 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 20 Gap analysis of the Cameroonian regulatory framework based on the Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials criteria ............................................................................... 20 Concluding remarks on gap analysis on Cameroon biofuels legal framework compared to RSB’s principles ...................................................................................................... 27 General recommendations for sustainable biofuels production in Cameroon ........... 28 Part II – Policy recommendations for sustainable biofuels production in Cameroon 31 Background ............................................................................................................. 32 Recommendations for biofuels policy to ensure sustainable production in Cameroon ................................................................................................................................ 32 Consideration 1: The main drivers for the promotion of sustainable biofuels production in Cameroon? ............................................................................................................ 32 Consideration 2: What to consider as biofuels in a specific legal framework? .................. 33 Consideration 3: Which biofuels generation to consider? .............................................. 33 Consideration 4: Biofuels for transport or other uses? ................................................. 33 Consideration 5: Biofuels, land use and land-use rights? .............................................. 34 Consideration 6: Food security? ................................................................................ 34 Consideration 7: Water scarcity? .............................................................................. 34 Consideration 8: Exportation? .................................................................................. 35 Consideration 9: Subsidy and state financial implications? ........................................... 35 Consideration 10: Institutional framework? ................................................................ 35 Concluding remarks on recommendations for biofuels policy in Cameroon ............. 36 References ............................................................................................................. 37 Appendix I – List of contributors to the study ............................................................. 39 Appendix II – Questionnaire guiding the stakeholder’s discussion ................................. 40 ii List of figures Figure 1: Share of biofuels production by region ............................................................... 7 Figure 2: World projection of liquid fuel production (Million Tons of Oil Equivalent, 1950–2050) .................................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 3: Map of Cameroon .......................................................................................... 15 List of tables Table 1: Biofuels policies in selected African countries ..................................................... 12 Table 2: Emergent risks related to biofuels production ..................................................... 13 Table 3: Institutional stakeholders and their potential roles in sustainable biofuels production in Cameroon .................................................................................................................. 17 Table 4: Selected existing studies regarding biofuels production in Cameroon....................
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