Carlouiana Journal of the Old Carlow Society Price One 8/Tilling

Carlouiana Journal of the Old Carlow Society Price One 8/tilling

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·GOING THE ROAD TO SWEET ATHY' On Sunday afternoons 50 years ago, the walk to the Sawmills was Carlow's promenade : everyone out to see or to be seen. The young '' mashers ''-hard hat, blue suit, kid gloves, silver topped cane-strutted like peacocks. Less haughty young men enlivened the thirsty trek to Mageney with a malodeon, concertina, or mandolin to spur them on. Families filled the road; prams were everywhere, disturbed or.ly by the occasional knot of golfers cycling out to Gotham. To-day the trees around the Dower House (now the Factory offices) are being felled to make way for a splendid new highway linking the Athy Road with the Dublin Road. The sadness of their passing is tempered by the thought that they fall in a noble cause : the expansion and modernisation of our dynamic town. This new artery will serve the Sugar plant and the Food plant; two vital pillars of Carlow's prosperity. We salute the workers in these plants whose skills and loyalty have made the Athy Road Carlow's ",Golden Mile." 25 I MURRAYS, :a::t~i ST. I ~llflllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllliilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll~ 1

Vol. I. No. 12. New Series. Dec. 1963 Journal of the Old Carlow Society. W. V. HADDEN and MISS M. T. KELLY, Joint Editors

EDITORIAL * THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF SIR EDWARD CROSBIE, '98 IT is our aim in the Old Carlow Society, and here in the * pages of its Journal, to turn nostalgic eyes to the days MICHAEL O'HANRAHAN that are gone. But this does not prevent us from taking pride in the progress which Carlow is making in the present, * and the favourable omens for a bigger and a better future. LANDMARKS OF CARLOW'S PAST-ST. ANNE'S CHURCH New roads are opening up and old ones are being * widened; new bridges are under construction and factory THE FOUNDATION STONE plants are expanding, while two have moved to new build OF CARLOW CATHEDRAL ings in the present year alone. New houses are planned and new shops (or old ones renewed) both illustrate and * enhance the welfare of our town. NEWS ROUND-UP, 1963

We salute all those whose foresight and initiative * CARLOW FIFTY YEARS AGO enables Carlow to look into the sixties and the seventies with confidence, and the assurance of increasing prosperity. * We have one of the finest towns in this expanding island THE REMARKABLE JAMES of ours,-and we have " a tide which taken at the flood HAUGHTON FROM CARLOW leads on to fortune." * PRE-CHRISTIAN BURIALS But here for a while we commemorate the Carlow of our forebears, who laid the foundations on which we build. We may only concern ourselves with an inn-sign * in an archway, or a dolmen on a hilltop, or a Church we SECRETARY'S REPORT knew as II St. Anne's II and know as II St. Clare's 11 !-but * these things "shall still find room even in the eyes of all MEMBERSHIP posterity that wears this world out to the ending doom."

Certainly we cherish them >fQT their own sake-and we immortalize them rn · Carloviana!

SEVEN The Trial and Death of Sir Edward Crosbie, '98 By VICTOR HADDEN

"VIEWMOUNT, as the name indicates," wrote false evidence. In this straightforward summary Brewer in 1825, " commands an admirable of the fateful events, it is possible to rely for prospect over the surrounding country. Here the most part on the account given by Sir resided, very generally respected and beloved, Edward Crosbie himself, by Lady Crosbie and until the fatal year 1798, Sir Edward Crosbie, the members of the Family who published a Bart., unhappily the victim at that period of full statement in 1801. the intolerance and suspicion which in times Before recounting in order the fateful of civil commotion rarely fail to infect the events of May and June 1798, it should first minds of subordinate instruments of office of all be explained that Viewmount House was armed with brief authority." situated on the slopes of Browne's Hill, on Sir Edward's reputation with the ordinary the left of and facing towards the present people of his day is fully illustrated in the avenue to Browne's Hill House. It was built tribute paid to him by William Farrell, in in about 1750 and some say that in its " Carlow in '98." He wrote that " Sir Edward construction stones from the ruins and towers Crosbie was a gentleman of rank and fortune of St. Kieran's Abbey just below it were used. that lived at Viewmount, convenient to the Viewmount House was demolished about one town, and a Protestant gentleman besides. Had hundred years ago and no sign of the house Sir Edward been one of those fawning syco itself is visible to-day. On the other hand, phants that could stoop to any-·meanness or several of the stables and outoffi.ces are still any oppression of the poor or any plunder of standing and are in use as dwellings. Beside the public, he would have been quite safe. The these is what was once the walled garden of name of his religion alone, in case he never Viewmount House. went inside a church or never prayed to God at all, would have been a sure protection to "MUST NOT GO TO CARLOW " him. But he was not one of these. He did not It appears that (apparently unknown to approve of making the poor man and his little William Farrell who was a Committee man of offspring wretched and he sympathised with the United Irishmen), the prearranged signal them in their sufferings and privations. He for the Rising was the failure of the Dublin lived rather a retired life, was kind and affable coach to arrive in Carlow. On the morning of to those in the middle and humbler ranks of the 24th of May Sir Edward Crosbie sent his life, who always were joyful and felt no alarm postilion, John Taffe, to go into Carlow early when they met with Sir Edward Crosbie. He in the morning and collect a letter which he seldom associated with those in power and had expected on the coach. John Taffe when he did he assumed a dignity and conse returned with the news that "the Mail had ,quence suited to his rank." not arrived." The die was cast. About three o'clock in the afternoon Sir MISCARRIAGE OF JUSTICE Edward decided to go into Carlow and from Right from the very day when the foul here we can relate the account written by Sir deed was performed it was well known that Edward Crosbie himself in Carlow Jail as he there had been a gross miscarriage of justice. awaited the very footsteps of his own No one hearing the facts of the story will executioners. question this for a moment. It is of course true "When I was going to mount my mare, that even we to-day can obtain fuller details John Finn, my butler, said, 'You must not of what actually happened than those who go to Carlow, Sir.' These words and the manner took part in the tragic events of the 24th and struck me and I returned into the house. Soon 25th May, 1798. We can even call forth the after I saw John Finn and Thomas Myler, my evidence of the key witness in the whole steward, in the pantry in conversation and tragedy, who was not available at the Court seemingly much animated. They both informed martial which condemned Sir Edward to death, me, but principally Myler, than an insurrection and who, if he had been, might have given had taken place in Dublin; that the prisons

EIGHT had been forced, Lord Edward Fitzgerald and with John Finn and all my labourers, had now the other prisoners freed; that we should declared themselves United Irishmen, he said immediately have peace; that the rebels had that he knew early in the morning the express stopped the Mail-Coach, murdered the coach had arrived, that the people had been sent to man and guard, proceeded from thence to all parts of the country to give notice and Naas, forced the Jail there and enlarged all that an attack would be made on Carlow that the prisoners; from thence to Castledermot; night. put to death most of the officers and soldiers "I now saw that I was completely implicated and every person that attempted opposition; and that if the attack did not succeed I might that they had taken Baltinglass and Tullow and next day be sacrificed to their safety. I was were still on their march intending to attack then in a very dangerous situation. I had the Carlow; that two hundred expresses had been Monday before sent all my arms to Mr. Eustace sent from Dublin to different parts of the and the Sheriff and had only a poker or such Kingdom to excite a general insurrection. like instrument to defend myself and my family. The people I saw in a state little short GIVING INFORMATION of madness and the least suspicion of the want " Shocked and confounded at this recital, of goodwill towards them might have been the I now began fully to comprehend the meaning destructions of myself and family; and there of John 'Finn's expression, 'You must not go fore I acknowledge I did not attempt to make to Carlow, Sir,' and saw they imagined I the least opposition but let them do just as intended giving information to be guarded they pleased. In this particular I may have against them and perceived that the only judged and acted wrong and I may be expected security to myself and family lay in not that I should have made an effort to restrain exciting their suspicion. Soon after I walked them, but I am now certain that the least towards my potato field which was entirely attempt would have been immediate destruction deserted and having observed it to Myler, who, to myself and all my family.

The Barrack yard showing the Court Marshall Room where Sir Edward was condemned to death. [PHOTO: GoDFREY] NINE ,:

The Old Jail ( as it was in 1959) where Sir Edward Crosbie and the other prisoners were interned in 1798. [PHOTO: GODFREY]

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TEN " After staying in the garden house a very was no special reason to anticipate that Sir few minutes I returned to the parlour and saw Edward was in peril for his life, until one day, neither man nor pike after, but John Finn probably the 30th May, as Lady Crosbie was who came up with a jug of water and a tumbler crossing the hallway there was a loud knock about eleven o'clock. I was then playing cards on the door and she answered it herself. She with my wife and went to bed about twelve." was confronted by an officer who enquired for Tom Myler. The house was searched, every ATTACK ON THE TOWN door broken and every place examined, but neither could Myler be found nor a single Outside in the darkness, unknown to Sir article to incriminate Sir Edward. The officer Edward, men were gathering from the sur however kept possession of the house and rounding countryside. Pikes were being dispatched a messenger to Colonel Mahon of distributed and the plan of the attack on the the Ninth Dragoons to inform him that Myler town explained. Tom Myler, as one of the had escaped. Colonel Mahon with a large body Committeemen, was here, there and everywhere of men came immediately, seized Sir Edward encouraging the men and while the assembly and without assigning a motive or alleging a waited for marching orders he mounted the charge conducted him to Carlow Jail. steps to the hall door of Viewmount House and made a short speech in which he said that EFFORTS TO SAVE HIM within a few hours the Town of Carlow would be theirs. Tom Myler, whether by design or Sir Edward lost no time. He was unceas accident we shall never know, was wearing a ingly employed in making preparations for coat that night which had been given to him what was to come. Lady Crosbie, too, attended by Sir Edward. It was part of the uniform of him with the utmost diligence. Her carriage the Carlow Hunt, a dark blue coat with a was repeatedly at the jail door and no woman black velvet cape, the larger silver buttons could have shown greater anxiety and activity marked "Carlow Hunt" having been replaced. than she did. She had considerable influence In due course, at dead of night, the Browne's and made every exertion and application to Hill men were told to march and by prear save him and if she only had time would rangement fell in with the Tinryland men probably have succeeded. under Michael Hayden "near the town where the stones are cut" probably on the Tullow Lady Crosbie immediately pressed for and Road. was promised the.-longest possible notice of the trial. Despite this when the trial was arranged At a little after two o'clock in the morning for only the third day after his arrest, she Sir Edward was awakened by his wife who was given but one hour's notice and thus had said that someone was knocking at the gate. the greatest difficulty in having her husband He lay awake for some time and when he legally represented at all. Still worse, the only heard it again he got out of bed and then attorney available and who attended on the saw and heard gunfire towards Carlow away first day failed to appear for the remainder of below him and told his wife that it was the courtmartial. attacked; not long afterwards he saw the town in flames as six hundred of the unfortunate insurgents were slaughtered in Tullow Street In everything William Farrell had to say and Potato Market. His first concern was for about Sir Edward Crosbie he is accurate and the safety of his servants and he called to reliable; he may not have been a model patriot know if they were there. At first there was no but he was a good historian and this is all the reply but at last John Finn answered "Yes, more remarkable in that he was writing so long Sir, we are all here." This was almost certainly after these fateful events took place. He tells untrue for Tom Myler at least was missing us that the principal witness brought against and having made good his escape, Sir Edward Sir Edward was his servant man that he had was never to see him again. Some of the others reared from his boyhood and was always kind came to Sir Edward next day and asked to be to him. That this unfortunate creature certainly discharged from his service, no doubt to go did not give voluntary evidence against him. into hiding, and this he agreed to. Again his That he was driven to it reluctantly and charitable action was later used as evidence through dint of the terror of tortures and of his sympathies with the United Irishmen. death, but with all this Farrell says he never could learn that anything was proved that ought to have affected Sir Edward's life. IN PERIL FOR HIS LIFE The last week of May in·, 1798 was one of terror for many in Carlow. At Viewmount there Continued Page 33

ELEVEN MICHAEL O'HANRAHAN By ALICE TRACY

JN the early years of this century a young man named Michael O'Hanrahan was a very active member of the community in Carlow. He was imbued with a strong spirit of nationalism and zeal for all that pertained to the welfare of his country and it naturally followed that, inspired by the sentiments and enthusiasm of Douglas Hyde, the resurrection of the native language from the oblivion of years was his first objective. It would indeed have been strange were it otherwise, for Richard O'Hanrahan, his father, was a Wexford Fenian who took part in the rising of '67 and afterwards migrated to New Ross where he followed the then lucrative craft of cork cutting.

BORN IN ROSS There he met and married Mary Williams. Six sons were born to them, three of whom died in early infancy. The younger three sur •••••••••• The late Michael O'Hanrahan . • ,..,,,_ vived and were of school age· when the family moved to Carlow, where in course of time A fellow member has opportunely provided three daughters were born. me with two notes which add W(light to their assertion. I quote-1st note: "In September, MOVED TO CARLOW 1809, a large Georgian house at the corner of They lived in Tullow Street, occupying Brown Street and Chapel Lane (now College three houses adjoining the Presentation Con Street was renovated (by the co!lege) at a vent, two of which Richard used as business cost of £81-3-0)." 2nd note: "Both houses premises and the third as the family home. opened in 1887 as an educational establishment This was at that time No. 91 and more under the superintendence of the President and recently was occupied by the Lawler family. Professors of St. Patrick's College. It was It has been levelled and a wall encloses the called St. Lazerian's Classical and English site now incorporated with the convent Seminary. The Rev. E. W. Burke was the grounds. director at this period. The boys got their primary education from The school was in use at the time of Most the Christian Brothers and later attended the Rev. Dr. Comerford's death in 1895 as the Academy. The query here arises: which students walked in the funeral procession. academy? The property of the corner of Brown Street owned by the college consisted of two large SCHOOL DAYS Georgian houses. When St. Lazerian's closed the Sisters of Mercy took over the premises The Christian Brothers had opened a and established a laundry there. · This was secondary school in 1891 in the premises now closed after some time and the place remained occupied by the Carlow Bakery Company and vacant until 1932 when the firm of Messrs. it was named the academy. Carbery purchased it and converted it into It seemed logical that a pupil from the flats. Brothers' primary school would graduate as Richard O'Hanrahan brought up his family a matter of course into this advanced estab with a knowledge of their country's history lishment, but the O'Hanrahan sisters are and encouraged them to live up to the ideals positive that their brothers attended an of its traditions. academy in College Street which was attached The poetic proverb " There is a destiny to St. Patrick's College. doth shape our ends, rough hew them ae we

TWELyE may" was fulfilled in Michael's case. His nently. The club members are proud of the career was to be that of a civil servant-an fact that both Michael and Henry were founder excise officer to be exact. In the midst of his members and Henry acted as Hon. Secretary preparation for the entrance exam. he arrived while he remained in Carlow. The title of the home one day and confronted his parents with club was displayed on a lantern over the door the announcement that he could never take a in Irish and English, the first time that the post under the English government. It was native language was used in the town for such incompatible with his principles and much a purpose. as he regretted the waste of the money already In addition to his work for the national spent on this project, he refused to proceed revival, or rather as part of it, he wrote a further with it. His father rose nobly to the couple of novels of a historical nature. The occasion and assured him that his feelings in first, " A Swordsman of the Brigade," was very the matter would be respected. favourably reviewed and described as "a manly healthy story of the Gael, by a Gael." His JOURNALIST, NOVELIST AND GAEL second one, "When the Norman Came," was Michael then turned his talents to journal also very popular, but his third effort written ism. Meanwhile the Gaelic League had been after he left Carlow, "My Sword, My Fortune," launched in Dublin by Douglas Hyde and never reached publication as the Mss. was Michael saw to it that Carlow was amongst destroyed by Crown forces in a raid on his the first provincial towns to establish a branch. home immediately after the Rising. Proficient himself in the language, at this stage, In addition to his books he wrote many he obtained from the Rev. Administrator per articles in publications devoted to the support m1ss10n to hold classes in the Catholic of the Sinn Fein movement. Under the pseu Institute, and here he gathered in adult and donyms of "ART" "Irish Reader" and various junior enthusiasts. One of the latter, Mr. others, these appeared in "Nationality," "The Marcus Park, now resident in Manchester, Irish Volunteer," etc. retired after a long and successful teaching As may be imagined, life in the O'Han career in that city, has a vivid recollection of rahan home at 67 Connacht Street was pretty those early lessons and the enthusiasm of the hectic. In addition to Michael, his elder brother teacher. He still treasures three books given Henry was also an active member of the him as prizes for his proficiency. Two of them Volunteers and where Michael led, he loyally are A. M. Sullivan's Story of Ireland, Joyce's followed. The three sisters, Aine (Ciss), Maire History of Ireland. The title of the third I and Eily, were prominent members of Cuman cannot at the moment recall, but needless to na mBan. Their father was already dead, but say, it also was of Irish interest. their mother encouraged her family and her In course of time, for space reasons, the house was used in all emergencies to hold Gaelic League classes moved to the Christian meetings, to house those who needed shelter, Brothers' Academy in Montgomery Street where and as a cache for arms and ammunition being in addition to the language Irish dancing was collected against "The Day." taught and ceilidhes held. These additional activities led to the holding of an annual Feis INSURRECTION BREWING and the famous St. Patrick's night concerts. As Eastertide in 1916 drew near prepara There must be still many amongst us who can tions were speeded up by those in command recall those clases in the academy. One at least though the rank and file were kept in ignorance of the teachers aided Michael in his work of the proximity of the big event, understand was he named Frank O'Keeffe? ably so, for safety's sake. Another teacher whom the O'Hanrahan On Holy Thursday, Eily was deputed by boys revered from their earlier days was Patrick Pearse, Thomas McDonagh and Sean " Hammie " Bell. Michael and Harry met him McDermott to carry the mobilisation orders to in Dublin when they went to live there. (Per Enniscorthy. Incredible as it seems, she had haps some reader may be able to give some no instructions as to whom she was to deliver details regarding him). Willie O'Neill, head them, but Michael, as she was leaving the clerk in Pat Lawlor's, corner of Chapel Lane, house at 6 a.m., told her to go to the office also assisted. of The Enniscort1iy Echo and ask there for a Michael attended the second Representative man whose name he gave her. She did so Congress of the Gaelic League, held in Dublin and was brought to a house where she met in 1900, at which the number of delegates was the man she had asked for and other members pitiably small. However he kept on with the of the Volunteers. She handed over the despatch good work and amongst his other activities he and was kept in the house until the evening was instrumental in starting "The Workman's train to Dublin was due. Club" in Brown Street, which still flourishes and where his portrait is displayed promi- Continued page 38

THIRTEEN • Landinarks of Carlow's Past •

St. Anne's Church by Alec Burns

THE face of Carlow is rapidly changing for the erection of the new Church. Unfortunat from what it was forty or fifty years ely, it was completed without a spire, because ago. It is fitting that some effort should be Fr. Fogarty (he was transferred to Port made to record what it looked like before arlington in December, 1936) feared putting those changes took place. With that object in Graiguecullen Parish into further debt on this view I pen this short account of St. Anne's account, although Mr. Fred Thompson, the Church which stood on the Athy Road and of contractor, gave the assurance that its cost the Old Graves and quarry nearby. could be raised later. What a pity this under In 1841, Colonel Henry Bruen, Oakpark, taking was not availed of, for the con Carlow won the Parliamentary Election over struction cost of a spire then would be Daniel O'Connell, ("Young Dan") son of the negligible in the light of present day costings. Liberator, and to celebrate the victory, some What a grand setting it would be to this of Colonel Bruen's friends suggested he be beautiful Gothic designed, sacred structure, now presented with a gift of plate or some other known-far and wide-as St. Clare's, Graigue suitable token. Leading Conservatives of cullen. Co. Tipperary initiated a subscription list at Clonmel, which step was followed in several "THE OLD GRAVES" other counties, and a considerable amount A plot of land which became known as realised. When the potential recipient, however, "The Old Graves" formed portion of the area was approached, he magnanimously proposed in which St. Anne's formerly stood. This plot that the proceeds be devoted to the erection separated from the latter edifice by a quarry of a Church, but as the amount fell far short called "The Quarry Hole"-was granted to of the cost of the building, he asked to be local Catholics in 1607, for burial purposes. permitted to supply the deficiency himself and Cholera victims were also buried here-in a be responsible for the church's construction. special corner. Comparatively few· people, other To facilitate his generous desires, this request than the locals, know of "The Old Graves" was acceded to and work commenced. existence, on account of its situation along Col. Bruen died before the completion of side the River Barrow. Entry to it was the Church and his son, Henry Bruen, M.P. through the "Quarry Hole", so to speak, and took over the task. When it was finished, he no public indication of its location is apparent. endowed the sacred edifice with an adequate Yet it is the last resting place of some notable stipend for its Incumbent. That it was a townsfolk, e.g., Bishop James O'Keeffe, co beautiful structure, can be seen from the photo founder with Fr. Henry Staunton of St. -taken from the far side of what is now Patrick's College. Dr. O'Keeffe's grave is the Town Park. enclosed by a neat railing, erected by his illustrious successor, Bishop Doyle ("J.K.L.") NOT REQUIRED who titled him " The Soul of the Irish Prelacy However, due to parochial reorganisation, and Laity." a stage was reached when the Church was no longer required. To the credit of the Bruen "THE QUARRY HOLE" family they refused many tempting offers for It is difficult to imagine that Carlow's town the church to be used for secular purposes; park, with its restful vendure and bright floral they preferred it to remain near home and at cetting, is the lineal successor of a "Quarry the same time to be a building to God. Hole", from which, according to old residents Such was to be expected from the Bruens black marble and limestone were once quarried. whose family gave the oak to roof Carlow's It is said that many of the expansive homes Cathedral and granite to build its walls. So, of Old Carlow contained mantle-pieces and in 1928, the building was acquired by Catholic kindred adornments which were 'born' in this Authorities, and taken down for re-erection in quarry. And the claim that it also supplied Graiguecullen, Carlow, where its foundation limestone is supported by what appears to be stone was laid by Most Rev. Dr. Cullen on the remains of a kiln at the back of adjoining Ascension Thursday, 1928. Very Rev. J. Kelvin Grove ( confronting the River Barrow), Fogarty, P.P., GraiguecullE)n,, was responsible with traces of others elsewhere in the vicinity.

FOURTEEN The last reputed owner of the "Quarry name supplanted the word "quarry" in verbal Hole" was a man named Farrell, who occupied popularity. the house where the Park's family subsequently The "Quarry Hole" was also a popular lived ( opposite the main entrance to St. rendezvous for youths who were fond of Dympna's, Athy Road). atheltics - running, jumping, etc - while the Incidentally, if the quarry blessed olden more daring used to engage in football in the Carlow with its mineral wealth, it had an nearby field until the owner arrived on the unrelenting foe. This was the water which even scene and the contestants would beat a hasty pumps couldn't subdue, so it had to be diverted retreat through St. Anne's or the Old Graves. into " The Quarry Hole," a portion of the I am indebted to T. Burke and M. O'Connor quarry hastily commandeered for the purpose. for the reproduction of the picture of St. Evidently this hole did its work so well that its Anne's and quarry in foreground.

St. Anne's Church, Carlow~ before it was demolished.

FIFTEEN The Foundation Stone of Carlow Cathedral

CARLOW CATHEDRAL has the distinction the Right Rev. Kyran Marum, Bishop of Ossory. of being the first Cathedral built in Ireland Dr. Corcoran lived in Tullow, and died there after the concession of Catholic Emancipation on the 22nd February, 1819. which received the Royal Assent on April Dr. Corcoran is interred in the Parish 13th, 1829, and became law on April 14th. The Church of Tullow at the Epistle side of Cathedral was begun in March, 1828, a year the High Altar. Rev. James Doyle, O.S.A., before the concession of Emancipation, and a distinguished professor in Catlow College, was completed in 1833, the fifth year of was appointed bishop on August 8th, 1819, Catholic Emancipation. The history of the and was consecrated bishop in Carlow Parish Cathedral was given in the Carloviana of 1954. Church on November 14th, by Most Rev. This article will give the history of the laying Dr. Troy, Archbishop of Dublin. The co of the foundation stone by Dr. Doyle on Easter consecrators were Dr. Murray, Coadjutor Monday, April 7th, 1828. In the Carlow Morning' Archbishop of Dublin and Right Rev. Dr. Post of Thursday (Holy Thursday), April 3rd Marum, Bishop of Ossory. Dr. Doyle lived at 1828, is the following notice. the college after his consecration from 1819 to 1822. In the later year he rented Old Derrig THE NEW CHAPEL OF CARLOW House, Carlow and lived there from 1822 to 1826 when he took up residence in Braganza On Easter Monday, the foundation House, Carlow, which was bought and pre stone of this building will be laid by the sented to him by the priests of the diocese Right Rev. Dr. Doyle on which occasion, as a residence for himself and his successors. the Rev. Mr. Cahill wiil deliver an The Rev. William Fitzgerald, P.P. of Carlow appropriate discourse. It is to be hoped died in 1823. Dr. Doyle did not appoint a that those who attend will contribute successor but, with the permission of the Holy their mite towards so laudable an under See, he made Carlow a mensal patish, and thus taking. it became the Cathedral Town of the diocese. The gentlemen who feel an interest in the promotion of the above object, purpose WORTHY SUCCESSOR dining together on that day, the Right Rev. Dr. Doyle in the chair. Dr. Doyle from the beginning of his Tickets of admission to the Dinner, at episcopate had in mind to build a cathedral One Pound each, to be had of P. Finn, that would be worthy of his diocese, and a Esq.; or at the Office of The Carlow worthy successor to the medieval Cathedrals Morning Post, the surplus to go to the of Leighlin and Kildare which were appropriated general fund after defraying the general by other hands in the reign of Henry VIII expenses of the entertainment. and Queen Elizabeth I respectively. He put his resolution into effect and on Easter Monday, APRIL 3, 1828 April 7th, 1828, he laid the foundation stone. The Cathedral is built on the site of the We are indebted to the late Michael Brophy Parish Church which was built and opened in of Carlow as to .the place of the foundation 1792 by the Very Rev. Henry Staunton, stone. Michael Brophy wrote Can-ww, Past and Parish Priest of Carlow and Dean of the Present, besides articles of historical interest Diocese of Leighlin. Two bishops of the diocese on Carlow in the Nationalist and Leinster Times were consecrated in this church. Bishop He died in 1901. His older Carlow contempor Delaney died in Tullow on July 9th, 1814, aries, who were present at the ceremony, told and is interred in the church there. The Rev. him that the stone was laid beneath the angle Michael Corcoran, P.P. of Kildare was appointed at the College wall at the left side of the his successor. According to the Annals of the Lady transept door. Presentation Convent, Carlow, Dr. Corcoran Prior to laying the foundation stone, Dr. was consecrated in this church on 21st Doyle presided at a High Mass in his Pro September, 1815, by Mcist Rev. Dr. Troy, Arch Cathedral Church. The nave, transepts and bishop of Dublin. The co-consecrators were the galleries were filled to capacity by a devout Right Rev. Patrick Ryan, Bishop of Ferns and and attentive congregation. The President,

SIXTEEN professors and the cleJ.'ical and lay students he plaeed the stone on the case. Having per of the College, together with the Carlow formed the ceremonies, Dr. Doyle, closed the priests and many priests from the diocese solemn proceedings by imparting his blessing were present. Many hundreds who could to the assembled multitude. not gain admission to the Church were present OUR PROTESTANT FRIENDS in the Church grounds. The singing was rendered by the College choir. The Rev. Dr. In the evening, fifty gentlemen who had William Cahill, the well-known pulpit orator, subscribed towards an entertainment, the lecturer and writer, preached the occasional profits to go to the aid of the building, sat down to dinner in Coffey's Hotel, Burrin Street. sermon. The preacher dwelt on the value of Dr. Doy!e presided. Intermingling with the religion in cultivating the human heart, and festivities the following toasts were prefaced upon the successful development of the Will and given in the casual elegant style of the of the Deity in Revelations to Mankind. Chairman. "The King, three times three"; "The (Carlow Post, April 10th). Duke of Clarence, the Duke of Sussex and DENSELY CROWDED other members of the Royal Family"; "The At one o'clock the Right Rev. Dr. Doyle Marquis of Anglesea and prosperity to Ireland"; attired in his episcopal robes and pre "Commissioner Burrowes"; "A speedy comple ceded by a number of priests issued tion to the sacred edifice, the foundation of from the church into the area which which we have met to commemorate"; "Mr. was densely crowded by spectators - many Myler and our Protestant friends"; "Universal of them fashionably dressed and most respect Benevolence"; "The Vice-President, Counsellor able ladies (Carlow Post). Dr. Doyle proceeded Finn." The Commissioner Burrowes mentioned to the place where the stone was to be placed in the toast was a Commissioner for the Relief on the angle to the left of the Lady transept of Insolvent Debtors in Ireland. He held a door. Mr. Cobden, the architect, had all Court that morning for the Discharge of arrangements made. The Cathedral was dedi Insolvent Debtors. cated to Our Lady of the Assumption. On the The Cathedral was completed in 1833 and parchment scroll the dedication was written was solemnly blessed and dedicated by Dr. in Dr. Doyle's classical Latin. The scroll was Doyle on the first Sunday of Advent, 1833. placed in an iron case together with coins of Cardinal Moran in his paper, The Priests and the period and copies of the Carlow Morning P~le of lre1"land in the Nineteernth Century Post. The Very Rev. Andrew Fitzgerald O.P., which he read at the Australasian Catholic Pre~ident of the College, placed the case in Congress held in Melbourne in October 1904 the cavity prepared for it. Dr. Doyle blessed quotes from a memorandum presented to Pro~ the stone, and having invoked the protection paganda, Rome, by the Irish Bishops in 1846. of God on the new temple about to be erected Continued on page 40

Interior of the Cathedral prior to its re-decoration in 1922.

SEVENTEEN

I I News Round-up, 1963 By MARY SMITH

JUST over three hundred years ago Cromwell's first stage was open in time to take pea traffic men, under General Henry Ireton, to the Oak Park processing plant and proved succeeded in breaching the walls of Carlow a great relief to many. It diverts some of the Castle. To the small population the roar of traffic from our crowded streets, and will, we cannon and the din of tumbling walls must hope, do something to spare the ceilings of have seemed like the death of their doomed our Victorian houses, built for a quieter age! town. The impregnable fortnesa had fallen and Incidentally, may one add here a word of a ruthless enemy bestrode them-expectation admiration for the Georgian-type houses which of survival was dim. C.S.E. has built on Oak Park Road - so much But among those forefathers of ours there in keeping with what the road once was, a must have been strong and eager hearts and quiet backwater. hands. With purpose and dedication, and in spite of the tides of war and rebellion Carlow BY-PASS ROAD was gradually rebuilt, and now stands foremost The by-pass road progresses, though slowly among the provincial towns of Ireland. -there is now through traffic to Potato Market, Today, in 1963, there is still that same and at the imposing Burrin Street end founda feeling of urgency and progress in the town. tions are at last going down for our new Post It is a fast-growing entity, and an annual Office. Frustrated telephone subscribers took survey such as this amazes one with the extent new heart on reading that tenders were invited of its development. for the building of Carlow's Automatic Tele During the past year another fine school, phone Exchange, and that they will be sustained this time for secondary boyij.., has been opened till 1965 by four additional boards at our by the Christian Brothers on Station Road, present G.P.O. thereby completing a kind of scholastic peri Industries flourish vigorously. On the meter which has Carlow College as its centre. Barrowside the new Bacon Factory is in full With sorrow we saw the chestnut trees go, but production. So too is the Eagle , Engineering the cherry-blossom will be a solace! Works in a new home on the Green Road. Erin Product Foods from... the Sugar Company seem TRANSFORMATION to be as popular in London, Manchester and A transformation has taken place in the Edinburgh as at home, and our sugar has former Barrack Street School which after reached, among other places, the jam factories reconstruction has become the Carlow head of Co. Armagh. Beer (I suppose) in its initial quarters of the Irish Transport and General stage is catered for in a miniature skyscraper Workers' Union. on the Barrow track-Watson's new 10,000 The Dublin Road entrance to the town will barrel silo, and at the Sugar Factory the soon be enhanced by flower-topped walls and biggest silo of them all went up in November, a new gate to St. Dympna's Hospital. This capacity 20,000 tons. Small wonder that the region received a welcome shot in the arm Secretary informed the Chamber of Commerce with the removal some months ago of what that Carlow had very little labour left for were surely Carlow's ugliest derelicts - the further industry. ruins at the Station Road junction. A new sewerage scheme is on foot to cater EMINENT VISITORS for greater Carlow, from the Barrow Mills to During the year Carlow welcomed some Burrin Bridge and on to Hanover where over eminent visitors. In November came the ninety houses are to be built. These, with the British Ambassador, Sir Ian MacLennan, on Henry St .buildings, the "Houses for Gardai" a visit to the Sugar Factory. (It is undoubtedly scheme, and the Sugar Company's houses on not the fault of Sir Ian that his simplification Oak Park Road are expected to fulfil the town's of the recent agreement between Britain and housing needs for the present. the Sugar Company ran viscous as syrup New houses need new roads, and the most for one reader). important of these is at the moment under The historic past was recalled by a visit construction. This £30,000 job will link the in the summer from Mrs. O'Reilly, sister of Dublin and Athy Roads, and involves the Michael O'Hanrahan, the patriot and writer, building of a new bridge over the railway. The executed in 1916. She visited the Workman's

EIGHTEEN Club of which her brother was a co-founder, During the summer we had to bid farewell and presented a silver trophy to the O'Hanra to our Administrator, Fr. Coughlan, on his han G.'F.C. in his memory. appointment as P.P. of Aries, and we welcome Mr. McCloskey, the American Ambassador, Fr. Crowley, who succeeds him here. A warm toured the Sugar Factory in April, enjoyed a welcome too to Fr. Fingleton, our new curate, tasty lunch of Erin foods and received an and to Fr. Waldron who has returned after a address of welcome from the U.D.C. period of ill-health. In return, we ourselves could have chosen The year has taken its toll of well-known no better ambassador than Liam D. Bergin, an friends. With Godfrey McDonald's passing in Hon. President of O.C.S., who paid a lengthy May a sense of very real regret came to us all. visit to the States in the summer. He toured Apart from his other interests, he was to many 4,000 miles of America by bus, speaking with of us the personification of the Savoy Opera: vision and insight to the most informed of much lore of the old Gilbert and Sullivan days audiences, interviewing among others President died with him. Kennedy and Cardinal Spellman. We reap the Gone too are such well-known personalities reward of his travels in The Nationalist's as Mr. Hayden of Killeshin whose research on excellent and most aptly named series of art Laois and its history gave us such wonderful icles, "A Long Day's Journey." papers at Old Carlow meetings; Mick Snoddy, Jerry Nolan and George Mccarney, stalwarts of the Christian Brothers' P.P.U., and John HIGHEST HONOUR O'Brien, lover and judge of the antique in furniture. The highest honour of the profession was bestowed on State Solicitor, Francis J. Lanigan, MAJOR CHANGES when he was elected President of the Law Society in December. We offer him sincere if Places are no more impervious to alteration belated congratulations from, the town of his than are their occupants, but it is sad to record adoption. two major changes on the Quay. The old Felicitations to Mr. W. H. Hadden on Flyboat Hotel has fallen before the bulldozer, reaching the 60th anniversary of his business and a new house is now rising on its site. We life. Long may his benign associations with have lost a craftsman down there too by the Carlow continue. departure of Paddy Brophy, Carlow's last

The old" F'ly-boat Hotel" which has now been demolished. [PHOTO: GoDFREY] NINETEEN cooper, a gentle quiet man who fashioned the special awards for their excelience in a very white wood into churns and firkins and sur challenging play. prisingly delicate troughs for pigs. November brought us Charles Lynch and Progress has caused a notable hiatus on Janos Furst in a recital arranged by the Arts the Kilkenny Road. The old Union is down, Council. What a feast of music-we do not another victim of the bulldozer. Within a few realise our luck in being able to hear in our years there should rise there the proud walls own town, artists of international repute. The of Ireland's first provincial Technical College. competition for the McCullough Cup, under the same auspices, was held on the same day. Erindale in its beautiful setting on the Congratulations to the talented winner, Oliver river has become a guest house for anglers McDermott. since its purchase by a Scotsman last year. The 150 years old house and its environs has had A record of the town would not be complete £20,000 spent on it and is said to be a paradise without a mention of three familiar figures for fishermen. who this year retired from public life and are now enjoying an autumn of relaxation. In Traces of olden times sometimes come to November, Tom O'Neill, former Circuit Court light: Over an archway in Burrin Street, Clerk, took his final bow after 40 years' service Michael Kelly recently discovered the sign of to the Court. In the same month Paddy Dillon, the 200-year-old inn, "The Yellow Lion." The Staff Officer of the County Council, retired, as finding of packets of century-old pawn tickets did Dick Ellis, a valued member of The in a house in Castle Street and the supplement Nationalist staff. Our good wishes to them all ary book-keeping engraved with candle flame -may the years ahead be as rewarding as on the rafters causes one to wonder. This was those gone by. surely an abnormal filing system, even in 1841 !

OUTSTANDING TALKS STATUS SYMBOL A private swimming-pool is an exclusive Some outstanding talks were given in the status symbol today, even if it's a do-it-yourself 0.C.S. in the last session. It was a crowded job, so we may be pardoned for feeling rather house for Most Rev. Dr·. Simms' lecture on proud of the advances made towards our own the Book of Kells, a revelation of medieval civic pool. An energetic committee is promoting beauty. Incidentally, the function brought in all kinds of money-making activities, and £25 which was donated to the Freedom from thanks to these and the extreme generosity Hunger Campaign. of many local traders and professional people In January, Lt. Col. Eugene O'Neill gave and of the townspeople in general, the financial a talk on Dr. Quinlan, the donor of the Quinlan target will probably be reached next year. Burse in Carlow College. It was a fascinating Already an architect is being consulted as to story, ranging as it did from Ireland to Paris the suitability of the site in the Park. Perhaps and Czarist Russia, and it was inimitably told. by 1965, given good weather, we may all be Brendan Kealy lectured on pre-Christian in the swim. Carlow to a large and interested audience in In the meantime, however, what about April, and Harry Fennell's illustrated paper on joining a Judo Club? Believe it or not, your the history of Carlow Rugby Club brought town boasts just that, and let me add that in together a host of enthusiasts and many addi the first week it had more students than it tional reminiscences from the listeners. could deal with and had overflowed to larger Carlow's musical treat this year was the quarters. The energy of the young is an Rmaz production of " The Merry Widow " by the ing and powerful potential. Operatic Society. Romantic settings, wonderful My round-up ends on a note of subdued costumes and beautiful girls-but this year, I triumph. Though we are sorry that the town think, the men's chorus stole the show with is to lose such a noble show-piece as the their energetic and outrageous " Girls, Girls, Browne's Hill entrance gates, we must. feel Girls!" It was worth every penny of the £100 justly proud at the thought that they are to voted to the Society from the Shaw Trust! stand from now on at the entrance to the National University of Ireland. There is drama FESTIVAL CUP tic irony in the thought that the great gates, which in 1756 closed the public highway to The Little Theatre Society had a major the ordinary wayfarer, should now swing wide success at New Ross Drama '.Festival with their open to provide, in the words of Newman, " the production " The Little Foxes." They won the great ordinary means to a great but ordinary Festival Cup, and members of the cast received end."

TWENTY CARLOW FIFTY YEARS AGO By JOHN ELLIS

THE year 1913 was a most significant year and had the option of choosing the venue for -it was the end of an era. It was the the 1903 event, anti-motoring feeling was so last year of peace as the world knew peace up strong in England and the 12 m.p.h. rule so to that time. The following year the first rigidly applied, that he had to come to Ireland World War occurred-a war that was destined to find a course. Even here the route taken by to change the whole course of world events. the cars was patrolled by 7,000 R.I.C. men In the half century since we have had another and hundreds of stewards, so great was the global war, together with numerous minor awe that those "thundering monsters" wars and what is known as "the cold war." inspired. That race was won by a German at These fifty years-1913 to 1963-have seen an average speed of 49.2 m.p.h., the highest greater strides in scientific and mechanical so far recorded. Previously apart from railways, progress than any previous half century of with their steam propelled trains confined to recorded history. their own iron roads - the only means of In the four years of the first world war transport was by horse-drawn vehicles and the a greater advance was made in the perfection horse had first call on our highways, which of the internal combustion engine than in the were constructed to suit him. There were no previous thirty years-the armies of Europe smooth roads or concreted streets. Road-making that had gone to war in 1914 on foot and on consisted of strewing loose stones from one horse-back came back in 1918 in motor trucks side of the road to the other in October or and lorries, and the advent of the motor car November and leaving them to be ground into and motor truck completely revolutionised the the surface by the innumerable cars and carts way of life. It also paved the way for the then using the roads. development of the aeroplane, which has now reached the perfection of the jet, travelling BOOT SCRAPERS at the speed of sound. The streets of Carlow were treated in this This rapid development of the motor car manner year after year, and in the months is all the more remarkable when one considers after Christmas when the stones had been that only a few years previous-in 1902 when reduced to a powdery substance, on wet days S. F. Edge won the Gordon-Bennett motor race the mud that resulted presented a problem for

Castle St., Carlow fifty years a.go not a motor car in sight.

This is the reverse view of our cover picture.

TWENTY-ONE View of Dublin St. as it was 50 years a.go. [LAWRENCE PHOTO]

View from The Quay fifty years a.go showing the spire of St. Anne's Church. (PHOTO: COURTESY MRS. WILLIAMS] householders by being carried into the houses the harness-maker, of which there were six on the boots of the inhabitants and visitors. establishments in the town fifty years ago To reduce this nuisance, outside most public Crampton in Graiguecullen, Lynam in Castle buildings and big houses were placed iron mats Hill, Jackson in Castle St., Hunt in Dublin St., and contrivances called boot scrapers. Some Brannagan and Doyle in Tullow St. Each of of these scrapers may still be seen outside these gave employment to two or three men. some houses in the town. Then in the dry Then there were the farriers, who kept the summer days this fine dust flew in all directions horses shod. These farriers were skilled in the and to cope with it the Urban Council had care of horses' hooves, and as late as 1914 its street watering cart, which sprayed the the Department of Agriculture held classes in streets to keep down the dust. the town for the instruction of farriers. The The horse in those days provided a great best known of these farriers were: P. Brennan, market for agricultural produce. The Hay Graiguecullen; P. Wall, Centaur St.; J. Crowe, market was really a hay market for on Mondays Castle Hill; M. Dillon, Dublin Rd., and J. Doyle, and Thursdays-the market days-as many as Pollerton Rd. Slococks had a farrier of their forty or fifty loads of hay and straw would own in Burrin St., the late J. Kelly. be on offer, together with loads of mangolds The coach-building business and the cart and turnips. The corn merchants of the town maker also went out with the horse. In the also did a big business in the sale of oats. coach-building trade Doyle's, The Shamrock, Carlow was then a noted horse-breeding centre, carried on an extensive business, specialising which gave considerable employment. Messrs. in rubber-tyred traps, which were the luxury Slocock had a large establishment in Burrin vehicles of the time. There were a couple of Street, where a big business in thoroughbred cart-makers in the town. horses and hunters was carried on, and they also had a stud farm at Ballinacarrig. The HACK BOATS Hearne brothers had stables on the Railway On the canal horses also played a leading Road, and the field on which the houses there part towing the numerous canal barges plying are built was used by them for "schooling" on the Barrow in those days. In addition to hunters. At Park View, on the Oak Park Road, the Grand Canal fleet, there were also inde the late T. I. Roark bred and trained some of pendent boats, known as "hack" boats, and the best polo ponies in the world. Polo was many of those were based in Carlow. The best then a popular game in Carlow and prior to known were those operated by the Moores and 1914 had been played for many years, first Haughneys of Graiguecullen and O'Neills of at Tiny Park, Tinryland and later at the Polo Ballymanus Terrace. The late John Fennell, Grounds on the Tullow Road. turf merchant, and James Ryan, Coal Market, turf and coal merchant, had their own boats FIRKIN BUTTER for the conveying of coal and turf to Carlow. Together with the market for hay and In fact a big business was done in turf in straw at the Town Hall a considerable butter the town long before Bord na Mona was ever market was also held in the early years of this dreamed of. century. Farmers' lump butter was sold there The trade of the tinsmith has also in large quantities - the present wrapped disappeared from the town, of which Carlow creamery butter was then almost unknown. In then supported three or four. The best-known the winter months a big trade was done in were John Ffrench, who operated at the corner "firkin butter." This was butter packed in of Castle Hill in a house that was demolished small barrels called firkins and holding about to make way for the widening of that thorough half a cwt., mainly for export. The principal fare. I can remember John, festooned with butter buyers were Messrs. Haughton, Burrin quart and half-gallon cans, delivering his wares St. and Messrs. Bell, College St. This butter to the hardware merchants. Lar. Shaw also business provided much work for the coopers worked as a tinsmith in Centaur St. where J. of the town, who made the firkins that held Donohoe later carried on business. I think he the butter and the old dash churns in which was the last of the tinsmiths. Aluminium ware it was made, as well as tubs and wooden butter put an end to this trade. knives. The advent of the motor-car also affected At one time there were four coopers' another trade to a certain extent, and that establishments in the town, but in 1913 there was the baker. '.Fifty years ago there were were two-Brophy's on the Quay and Lawless's thirteen or fourteen bakeries in the town in John St. As a matter of interest the last now there are three, and bread is brought into of the Carlow coopers-Mr. P. Brophy-retired the town now from centres as far away as'· from business this year, and so an old craft Dublin and Waterford. In the old days the long associated with the town disappeared. bakers in Carlow were a numerous fraternity, Another trade that catered for the horse was easily distinguishable from other tradesmen by

TWENTY-THREE ,j

View of Upper Tullow St. as it was 50 years ago. [LAWRENCE PHOTO]

View from "The Lock" again showing St. Anne's spire in the background. [LAWRENCE PHOTO]

TWENTY-FOUR the fact that they all wore fawn-coloured by different groups in the town. One of the overcoats and hard hats of the same colour. car-owners had a long side-car carrying six Saturday was their holiday, as they did not people on either side-something like the ones work on Saturday nights. Ten of the thirteen used by the famous Bianconi in the early 19th bakeries then in operation have gone out of century. existence. These were: Rafferty's, Graigue Another favourite form of "outing" was cullen; Kelly's, Governey Square; Donnelly's, what was known as " boating parties." One Castle St.; Maher's, Dublin St.; McDonnell's, of the private barge owners would be engaged Molloy's, Colgan's, Deegan's, Byrne's and for the day. He would spruce up his boat for Doyle's, The Shamrock, in Tullow Street. The the occasion, when as many as forty or fifty premises now occupied by Dunny's, Castle St., persons would be taken for a day on the was formerly Walsh's and by Crotty's in river-generally taking the form of a pic-nic Tullow St. was Boake's. Most of these bakeries with games and sports at such beauty spots had horse vans which delivered bread over a as Doninga or Kilmoroney. The pleasure radius of ten or twelve miles from the town. boats of the Rowing Club were also in great J There was also a big number of horse vans demand on Sundayil and fine summer evenings operated by grocery establishments, and and the river wou!d be dotted with these craft Corcoran & Co. had quite a fleet of horse-drawn up to Knockbeg and beyond. vans. I think they were the first firm to introduce motor lorries for their business about LOST ART the years 1912 or 1913, quite formidable vehicles with solid rubber tyres on the wheels. The river bank was a favourite promenade One business that has disappeared, and for in those dayil and as the Canal Company kept which we can hardly blame the motor car is the towing path in repair it was a most that of the pawnbroker. No longer does any enjoyable place for a walk. Walking-now I establishment display the three brass balls that fear becoming a lost art-was a favourite proclaimed the fact that the proprietor was form of recreation. I can well remember the willing to loan money on a variety of articles. after-devotions walk on Sunday evenings, when I heard a story that about sixty years ago the entire congregation, generally a very large an old man who owned a donkey and cart, on one, who had attended devotions in the one occasion pawned the cart. A few days Cathedral proceeded in a solid mass down later he approached the pawnbroker with a Tullow Street, along Dublin Street and up the Athy Road-the elderly portion going as far request for a loan of the cart as " he had been promised a day's work for the ass." However, as Braganza or Straw Hall, while the younger the pawnbroker is gone. I suppose it's a sign ones continued on to Bestfield. Another form of recreation was known as "doing the town" of a better economy. on Saturday nights. All the young people and MUSEUM PIECE many old ones, too, would parade from the Shamrock to the Courthouse and back from The coming of the motor-car put a once about eight o'clock till ten, and Tullow Street familiar and peculiar Irish figure off the road, and Dublin Street would be crowded-both and that was the jarvey, who was generally by way of being something of a character, who had a fund of anecdotes to while away the tedium of the journey on his outside car. That vehicle is to-day a museum piece. Fifty years ago there must have been at least a dozen jarveys in Carlow working for four or five posting establishments. They attended the arrival of all trains at the railway station that time eight passenger trains arrived daily at Carlow. On Sundays the jarveys carried parties to football matches, sports and other l fixtures all over the county, and the adjoining ones. A drive on one of those cars was a very J pleasant form of relaxation. The posting establishments also had larger vehicles known as "brakes" - long four-wheeled cars accom modating eight or ten persons, facing each other on either side, with the driver on a high perch in front. These were drawn by two horses and were much in demand for outings organised fifty years ago.

TWENTY-FIVE footpaths and roadway-during these hours. the shop windows. In 1913, with the exception This practice was often viewed with interest of Saturday nights, shop windows were not by strangers to the town. illuminated-in fact they were closely shut tered. Some shops were shuttered at nightfall NO TRAFFIC PROBLEMS in winter and at the close of business in Of course in those days we had no traffic summer. The only shop I now see using or parking problems: the streets were always shutters is Douglas's Jewellery, and they are free of traffic after night-fall. When country not put up until after 10 p.m. Consequently people came to town in their cars or traps to the streets of the town fifty years ago were do business, they always drove direct to yards really dimly lighted in the winter months. attached to business premises, where stabling The only forms of entertainment in those was to be had. There they unyoked their horses days were the travelling shows-dramatic and or ponies, and put them in a stable, and gave operatic. Some of these were quite good, and their carriages and whips to the yardman for their audiences were generally large and highly safe keeping. Then they sallied forth to do critical, always willing to air their opinions their shopping, and their purchases were on the merits and demerits of the singers and delivered to the yardman where their horses dramatic artists. Of course we had our own were stabled, who took charge of them until local groups, who provided entertainment their owners were ready to start their home the Gaelic League concert on St. Patrick's ward journey. night was always eagerly looked forward to, The bulk of merchandise for the shops and and the Rugby Club generally put on a concert stores came by rail or canal, and was delivered about Christmas time to augment their funds, by the horse-drawn floats, of which there were and for both concerts there was always to be two at the railway station and one at the found an abundance of local talent. The late Canal Company's stores. Another such float Julia Kelly-an artist of outstanding merit was operated by Messrs. Guinness for the also produced a children's concert annually; delivery of stout and porter to the publicans. while Robert Malone, Doctor of Music, organ The barrels came by canal to the store on the ised and conducted concerts of high-class music. Quay, and were distributed from there. The seeds were sown by these concerts which Corcoran and Co. also had a delivery van for later germinated to flower as the Carlow the town. Of course large numbers of coal Choral Society which gave Carlow a selection carriers' carts passed through the town almost of Gilbert and Sullivan operas from 1914 to daily. The owners of these usually rested their 1922, that attained a standard rarely found in horses in Haymarket, after their journey from provincial towns. Castlecomer or the other mines in the area, and on their return from Tullow, Bagenalstown PROGRAMME DANCES and other places, they stopped at Coal Market. Public dance halls were then unknown Consequently the streets were " wide open and dances were only held occasionally. There spaces " compared to now, and ideally suited were what was known as house dances, when for a stroll. some decent woman with a large kitchen put it at the disposal of the young people of the LIVING PICTURES locality to have a night's amusement to the So there were no traffic problems, music of the melodeon, an instrument that nor had we cinemas or other places of enter then had many accomplished players. Once or tainment. I remember when Sylvester Brothers twice in the year a "ball" was held in the took over the old Assembly Rooms-now the Town Hall for which a "string band" would Vocational School - to open Carlow's first be engaged-that was how dance bands were cinema, hearing an old man remark: " These then styled. Those functions were confined to men must be mad to think that people would those to whom invitations were issued by the go to see 'living pictures' every night in the organisers, and were generally " programme week." Now the majority of homes have their dances." That meant that each lady was own "living pictures"-the telly. How we have provided with a list of dances printed on a progressed! neat card to which a small pencil was attached Although Carlow was the first town lighted with a silken cord. The gentlemen wrote their with electricity, our street lighting fifty years names on these cards opposite the dance which ago was poor compared to to-day. The street he wished to have with the lady. Consequently lights were comparatively few. There were only it was every lady's ambition to have a full four lights in Dublin Street-from the Cross programme. As those balls generally lasted to the Courthouse-and six in Tullow Street from 10 p.m. to 5 or 6 a.m., sit-down suppers -from the Cross to the Shamrock. Now there were provided and a most colourful event was are double that number in both streets to when the M.C. announced " Grand march for which must be added the brilliant lighting of supper," and the dancers left the ballroom in

TWENTY-SIX pairs for the supper room to the lively music sold at 1/1 to 1/21 lb.; eggs, 1/4 to 1/6 doz.; of the band. The dances in those days were chickens, 3/6 to 4/6 pair; potatoes, 12/- to only mastered by a good deal of practice, and 13/- barrel of 24 stone; in May butter was for that purpose there were two dancing 11d. per lb., and eggs, 8d. to 9d. a dozen. classes in the town. These dances were per Coal was sold at the Wolfhill mines for £1 a formed with great decorum, as can be seen ton for large coal and 17 /6 a ton for small in some programmes of old-time dances on the coal. In the same year a Carlow draper adver T.V. tised ladies' hats for 1/11 to 12/6; blouses, 11d. to 7 /6; men's ready-to-wear suits, 12/6 WORKING HOURS to 35/-; boys' suits, 1/11 to 20/-; men's shirts, 1/- to 5/11; ladies' shoes, 1/9 to 10/6; ladies' The hours of business in those days were boots, 2/9 to 12/6; children's and girls' boots, very long-public houses opened at 7 a.m. and 11d. to 5/6. remained open till 11 p.m. ; drapery establish In 1913 a Dublin firm offered men's 3 ments, 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. on week-days, and 10 guinea suits for 50/-, and 42/- suits for 30/-. p.m. on Saturdays. Chemists opened at 8 a.m. Another advertiser offered to buyers of 1 lb. till 11 p.m. each day, including Sundays. of tea, 3 lbs. of sugar at ld. per lb. 2 lbs. Weekly half-holidays were only introduced in strawberry jam cost 8d. and 2 lbs. mixed 1912. Annual holidays were not thought of, fruit jam, 5d. Liqueur whiskey was offered at and the bank holidays were not generally 5/- per bottle and 5 years old whiskey at 3/6. observed. The Nationalist then carried an Wages, of course, were correspondingly small: advertisement in the week before a bank the average for labourers was 12/6 to 15/ holiday announcing that "the drapery, hard a week. Altogether life for casual workers in ware and jewellery establishments in the town those days was a struggle, as the social benefits would be closed on the following Monday " which we have to-day were not thought of then. (the bank holiday). The National Health Insurance Act was only The hours worked in t~ .building trade, introduced in 1912, and Unemployment Benefit foundries, saw mills and other establishments Scheme did not come until after World War I. were from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. in summer, with breaks for breakfast and dinner; and from 8 DEATH ON THE ROADS a.m. to 6 p.m. in winter with no break for breakfast. With the exception of a few big As I started on the motor-car note I will industries regular employment for unskilled end on a similar note with the following letter workers was hard to be found. A source of taken from The Nationaist of August, 1913: employment for those workers was in agri " A motor-car occupied by a' lady and a gentle culture; in the Spring planting potatoes, etc., man went over a pig my property last Sunday. and in the harvest gathering the grain crops. The pig was driven- on to the road ·by a dog. In those days a big portion of the latter crops The car did not stop, and I don't know the was gathered and bound by hand, and it was number of it. I am a poor woman and the pig a common sight to see crowds of workers being was worth £2-lOs. Would the owner of the car brought home at night in farmers' carts from please compensate me?" the corn fields. They had been hired that morn So we had "death on the road" in those ing at about 6 a.m. at the Market Cross or the far-off days when the motor-car was a novelty. Shamrock Square, where they would await the As I have pointed out, the coming of the arrival of the farmers to engage them for the motor-car was responsible for a very big change day's work. Their wage was generally 2/6, in the way of life of the people. Besides making with their dinner, for the day, which was a many old crafts and craftsmen redundant, it long one. revolutionised our road traffic even to the point Commodity prices in those days were small. of making impossible "doing the town" on In Carlow market in January 1912, lump butter Saturday night.

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OUR COVER PICTURE Our cover this year is another study by Mr. Donal Godfrey of Castle Street, viewed from Coalmarket showing in the background the tower of the Cathedral. It was somewhere hereabouts that the Castle Gate stood astride the Carlow Town Wall, facing westwards towards the Moat surrotmding Carlow Castle and the River Barrow.

TWENTY ·SEVEN The remarkable James Haughton from Carlow By Hugh Clifton fHE subject of my article was born in Union. He had a high opinion of the Liberator Carlow on 5th May, 1795. His father, as a true friend of liberty. Samuel Pearson Haughton, was engaged in the milling business there, and a member of the SOCIAL BENEFITS Society of Friends. His mother was a Pim, Among the many local social benefits for from Rushin, Leix, (not far from Mullaghmast, which he strove were the establishment of Co Kildare). James appears to have been one the Dublin Mechanics' Institute ; the opening of several children, who all appear to have of the Zoological Gardens on Sunday after made "footprints on the sands of time", noons at the charge of a penny per capita; benefitting fellow-travellers of every creed and the free openings aJso on Sunday afternoons class. But then wasn't it once said of Samuel of the Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin; the P. that never was there so honest a man-a establishment of the People's Gardens in man whose word could be completely depended Phoenix Park. upon. Incidentally, had conscription been in vogue When the clock struck the time for his in his day, he would probably have been pre external education, James Haughton left for pared to go to jail for his convictions, for he the Quakers' School at Ballitore, Co. Kildare. believed that war was totally opposed to the Schooldays finished, he was sent to Cork to teachings of Christ. learn the family business, and after this 5 However, his chief mission was to promote years apprenticeship, settled in Dublin in 1817, the disuse of alcoholic liquers, and for many as a corn merchant, in partnership with his years before his death, he gave most of his brother, until the year 1850. time and energies to the cause of total abstinence. Mr. Haughton left no stone un As he was occupied with the cares of a turned to further Father Mathew's temperance family for many years, and also with what crusade ; in fact the priest had only to lift he regarded as the duties of civilised man his finger and the Unitarian (he became one adding to the country's capital (to-day termed around 1834) was at his side on the same increasing production), he didn't appear often platform. In passing, may I recall that a Thomas in public life before 1830. It was after the Haughton, J.P., testified, in company with 'Fr. loss of a beloved wife that he seemed to have Maher and Rev. W. Blood, Presbyt~rian Minister, thrown himself into the forefront as a social on behalf of Carlow town, at the Commission reformer whose philanthropy was available in investigating the conditions of the Poorer every deserving case. Classes in 1831, and this Mr. Haughton (a brother of James, probably) appears to have In 1839, he went to London as delegate been a temperance crusader too. Whether to an Anti-Slavery Convention. He had always Thomas resided at Greenbank, Carlow, I am taken a deep interest in this movement not sure, but I also recall that my father, born whether it affected America or elsewhere about 1850, told me that my parental grand a nd enjoyed the friendship of many of its chief mother was the companion-housekeeper of a advocates. For 35 years he sent out an immense volume of letters on social questions, e.g., Mrs. Haughton of the latter address. On one occasion, after some petty pilfering had been anti-slavery, crime, capital punishment, temper proved against one of the young maids, she ance, land reform, etc., which were published brought the culprit before her, and with my by the Press of all political parties with unusual grannie as witness, delivered judgment some· liberality. He wasn't a fluent speaker, although thing like this: "I am not dismissing thee he could express himself clearly, aways pre because thou has stolen . . . it is because in ferring to write and read his speeches. denying the act, thou told me a lie ...." If as a politician he wasn't very active, But to return to the chief character in my his opinions were decidedly national, liberal, article, he died in Dublin on 20th February, and favouring all popular reforms. During the 1873, and his remains were followed to Mount O'Connell Repeal Movement, Mr. Haughton Jerome by an immense cortege, one testimony occasionally attended the Conciliation Hall at least that James Haughton hadn't buried meetings and spoke in favour of Repeal of his talents-DURING LIFE.

TWENTY-EIGHT Pre-Christian Burials in County Carlow By BRENDAN KEALY

RELICS of human habitation, if any such be called, spread, in the later Neolithic period, existed before the onset of the last of the to previously uninhabited parts of central and great ice-ages, have never been reliably southern Ireland. As yet, however, the distri authenticated in Ireland. It was only with the bution was estremely thin and tended towards end of the Quaternary Ice-Age that this country concentration in particular areas, notably around again became humanly habitable, and most lakes and along river banks, and in our own authorities agree that "Mesolithic" or "Middle district of the Barrow Valley we have one of Stone-Age" man made his first appearance here the strongest concentrations of the Bann Valley around about 6,000 B.C. According to the culture in Southern Ireland. This late Neolithic generally accepted theories he came ultimately settlement extending between Monasterevan fron:. South and East Europe, but the branch and Athy almost rivals the Bann Valley itself with which Ireland is particularly associated in the richness of its deposits. Further south settled in Early Stone-Age times in the low in County Carlow and still near the Barrow, lands of Britain where he evolved a local we have what was probably the outlying com culture, the so-called Creswellian Culture, munity of the Monasterevan-Athy concentra distinct from the Continental type. Then, when tion, and therefore we shall not, perhaps, be the land oscillations following the retreat of far wrong in assigning Carlow's earliest inhabi the ice-sheets had not yet subsided, he made tants to a period somewhere between 2,500 his way overland from Britain, bringing with and 2,000 B.C. him characteristics of this Creswellian culture mixed with some more direct continental in SOLID EVIDENCE fluences. Settling first in the North Eastern More solid evidence for this early site in corner of the country, he quickly established Carlow rests upon a find made in 1944 in the himself upon the coastal plains and for the townland of Linkardstown when ploughing next 3,000 years developed more or less side operations uncovered a large stone, four inches by side with his European and British neigh teneath the surface. It was discovered to be bours. But circa 3,000 B.C. the land reached one of a pair of flag-stones which formed the its present level above the sea and Ireland corner of a large polygonal cist. This was com became at last an island cut off from the posed of seven granite blocks, each about one Continent. The cultural connection between quarter of a ton in weight, and all sloping Ireland and the rest of Europe, but particularly inwards at an angle of about forty-five degrees. with Scotland and England, was severed and Inside these was a second course of stones both regions developed independent Late of like dimensions and sloping in the same Mesolithic Cultures. direction. According to Dr. Raftery, who in vestigated the site, the grave appeared to have A NEW CULTURE been built upon the old ground level and covered By 2,500 B.C. this differenciation had grown by a mound of yellow clay some thirty inches quite marked so that the influx of a new and high and about eighty feet in diameter, the distinct race and culture can be clearly traced whole being bounded by a kerb of small stones. amongst the older remains. This new people The cist itself measured six and a half feet came from an area now occupied by North, by eight feet. Within the cavity were many Central and Maritime France, and reached this potsherds representing, apparently, three country probably by a series of short coastal distinct vessels, round-bottomed and showing voyages which took them first to Britain and a variety of patterns. One of them had a then by way of Scotland to Northern Ireland, rim diameter of about one foot, with a sharply whence the Mesolithic peoples retreated west carinated shoulder and a heavy, splayed, ward before them. Both peoples, however, soon hammer-headed rim. The decoration according seem to have settled down together and a new to Dr. Raftery showed close affinity with culture combining characteristics of both old Scottish Neolithic pottery. and new, grew up in the Bann Valley. The human remains were those of an adult, This "Bann Valley Culture" as it came to unburnt, and placed in a heap in the wider

TWENTY-NINE end of the cist. Upon examination Dr. Raftery that at Browne's Hill are of various decadent concluded that the body had been buried else forms. where until all flesh decayed and was then Powell takes the view that the Moylisha redeposited in this cist, a custom for which, Gallery Grave was part of a settlement origina he says, there is considerable presumptive ting in Western France and which spread evidence in Ireland. In conclusion Dr. Raftery gradually in from the coast along the Shille states that this burial is of great importance, lagh-Aughrim corridor, but failed to penetrate being the first of its type and date in southern further west than Moylisha. The six dolmens Ireland. west of there he declares to be the result of a great expansion movement which took place IN NATIONAL MUSEUM from North Eastern Ireland and which One of the pottery vessels from this grave affected parts of Wales and Cornwall no less may be seen in the National Museum. It is than Ireland itself. not intact, but has been restored from frag ments. A polished stone axe head, oval in '.FINEST DOLMEN section and with a sharp cutting-edge, was These dolmens reflect the beliefs of a people, also found in the grave. This too is on show. which loved to bury with their dead, objects The simularity between the deposits found to which they had been accustomed during their at Linkardstown and those found in the Bann lives. Thus food vessels would be provided, Valley seems to point to a strong cultural con implements of various kinds and even the tomb nection between the two. It is therefore perhaps chamber itself was meant to represent the not unreasonable to claim for the Carlow set house the deceased occupied during life. This is tlers the domestic habits already tabulated for most clearly seen in County Carlow, in the the Bann Valley. Fishing played an important dolmen at Acaun Bridge, the finest of the group. part in the economy of these Neolithic peoples, Here can be traced in symbolic outline the but agriculture occupied a more prominent walls (the lateral supporting stones); the roof position. Corn was almost certainly grown and (the cap-stone); and the two supporting stones ground for bread. There is also considerable on the northern side, each eight feet high, evidence for the planting and digging of root representing the "doorway" which gives the crops. Other sources of food were also becom type its name-"Portal Chamber." It is thought ing available. Meso.lithic man had had to depend that these dolmens in their original form were upon the chase for meat, but Neolithic man covered by mounds of earth or small stones. began to breed domesticated animals, first, in These mounds have all disappeared from the all probability, the dog, but sheep, cattle and Carlow group. The remaining five dolmens, at pigs soon followed. Brownes Hill, Aghade, Kilgraney, Ballynashil Towards the end of this Neolithic period loge and Barrowm.ount (actually in County the great stone monuments which outnumber Kilkenny but intimately connected with those in all other pre-historic remains in the Irish Carlow) are in much less perfect state of countryside, made their appearance; and the preservation than the Acaun Dolmen, though most imposing of our pre-christian remains in that at Brownes Hill claims the distinction of Carlow belong to this phase. In Carlow, how having the largest cap-stone in Western Europe. ever, only one of the three main megalithic Since these dolmens are conspicious objects they tomb types occurs, namely, the Dolmen. The long ago attracted the attentions of looters other two, the Passage Grave and the Gallery and any evidence of funerary customs have Grave are unrepresented. long since disappeared from them. The few dolmens elsewhere in the country which have AUGHRIM GROUP been excavated, have yielded cremated remains According to Powell the distribution of so we may assume that the Carlow examples megalithic tombs south of the Liffey is once contained cremated remains also. characterised by small independent groups Evidence of the transition of the Neolithic situated near, or easily accessible from, the sea. culture to that of the Bronze Age may be seen One such group to which our Carlow examples in that Neolithic buria!s, as at Linkardstown, belong, Powell calls the "Aughrim Group". This contain no cremations, while in the dolmen group seems to be intimately connected with graves cremation was already making its the Aughrim-Shillelagh corridor. On the high appearance. There is, however, no clear-cut ground on the northern side of this corridor division, and considerable overlaps occur. in County Wicklow, are two Gallery Graves. Further west are the six Carlow dolmens, or DENSE SETTLEMENT chamber tombs, the most important of these Bronze Age finds in Carlow seem to point being the one at Acaun Bridge which Powell to a particularly dense settlement during this classifies as an excellent example of the "Portal period which extends from 2,000 B.C. to 500 Chamber" kind, while the other sites, including B.C. The dolmen, so characteristic of the late

THIRTY Neolithic period, continued to be built well into the Bronze Age and perhaps some of our Carlow examples belong to this later period. Knowledge of metals, the use of which dis tinguishes the succeeding archaeological ages from the Stone Age, seems to have reached Ireland from the Iberian peninsula, and was carried hither by traders plying the Atlantic trade route. The Bronze Age culture in Ireland therefore, need not be taken as evidence of a wholesale invasion of metal-using conquerors. The new science was simply accepted by the Neolithic farming stock, and once the idea of metals had been implanted, Irish Bronze Age culture developed along native lines. Apart from the great physical advantages conferred by metals, and by bronze in particular, the new knowledge had vast economic and social con sequences. Neolithic communities had been pre viously almost completely self-sufficient. Stone implements could be produced by almost any one, but metal production demanded a certain amount of skill, and specialisation naturally followed. Trade distinctions grew up and the communities were no longer purely agricultural. Those sections of the community engaged exclusively in metal production, had to be provided with food and clothing by the agri cultural sections. This meant producing a surplus of crops over and above personal needs, and a further increase in this surplus pro vided a margin with which to trade and thus skeleton of an adult male, placed diagonally obtain metals or other objects in short and in a sitting position. Dr. Mahr, who carried supply. The metal culture thus helped to out the work of excavation in 1930, considered develop internal trade in the country. External that the burial belonged to a period of the trade was no less assisted. Since tin, necessary Bronze Age, circa Z,000 B.C.-1,500 B.C. The for the making of bronze, was comparatively field in which the burial was found is, rare in Ireland, it had to be imported from according to Edward O'Toole, known locally Cornwall, and because civil organisation was as the "Long Stone field" from the fact that as yet rudimentary, each individual locality there is a large pillar stone standing in one must have been in personal contact with the corner of it. tin-producing areas of Britain. Middle and Late Bronze Age sites in Carlow are . far more numerous than those of the EIGHT SITES Early Bronze Age, and here the "river-based" At the moment some eight Early Bronze nature of the finds is very noticable. Geograp Age sites have been identified in Carlow. Three hically they can be divided into two fairly of these are concentrated in the district east well defined groups; (1) those along the of the Slaney between Rathvilly and Clonmore. Barrow, with a slight concentration around Four others are fairly evenly distributed in Carlow town, and (2) those along the Slaney the western half of the county along the with a very strong concentration between Barrow. The eighth site, the only one which Aghade Bridge and Kilcarry Bridge. This latter has, so far as I know, been properly excavated concentration, incidentally, seems to be the is the one at Knocknatubrid, just south of largest in Southern Ireland. But perhaps the Tullow. This was a burial site, the tomb richest Bronze Age site in Carlow is that at chamber lying roughly east and west, about Ballon Hill, excavated in the early 1850's three feet, seven inches long, one foot, seven by a Mr. Richardson Smith, and reported, inches wide, and two feet, three inches deep. appropriately enough, by the Rev. James The enclosure was composed of five long Graves. A perusal of this report must make granite boulders,-two side stones, two end any modern archaeologist shudder over the stones and a covering stone, this last being methods of excavation used, but the operation some twelve inches thick. Within the grave was typical of the "gentleman antiquarian" cavity was the greater part of the dismembered of the mid 19th century.

THIRTY-ONE The Rev. Graves tells us, writing in 1852, in 1928 all the urns, dated by the Museum that formerly there stood upon the, summit of authorities to a period from the Middle Bronze the hill a fort known locally as the "Walls Age to the Early Iron Age (1,300 B.C.- of Troy", but that farmers had carted away 500 B.C.) were deposited in the National the embankments for use as manure, and no Museum, having been held in private collec trace then remained. Graves also mentions the tions till then. They are not, however, on show. fact that chance finds of pottery vessels had A small "'Pygmy Cup" of late Bronze Age been made all over the surface of the hill date which is on show in the National Museum "as far back as the mind of the present deserves mention here although it does not generation reaches". These, he says, were in come from BallOl.l Hill. It was found in a variably broken when the usual incantations cist grave near Bagnalstown and held portion failed to change the bones they contained of a child cremation. It was contained in a into gold. larger urn which covered the burnt remains of an adult. The decoration of this small cup (it The finds made by Mr. Richardson Smith is only about three inches in diameter) is at Ballon Hill may be roughly divided into quite distinctive and it has been suggested two groups, uncremated and cremated burials, that the artist used the sea urchin as his and of these latter, some were deposited in model. urns which were then enclosed in cists, but A more recent and more scientific excava the majority of the urns were buried in open tion than that at Ballon Hill was conducted ground without any stone enclosure. One of the in 1943 at Knocklishen Bog near Rathvilly. uncremated burials found appears to have been This burial was just beneath ground level and of a very early -date. The three human skeletons consisted of two irregular granite slabs resting were huddled close together in a confined against each other to form an inverted "V" space beneath a large natural rock, some in section, and protecting an earthenware vessel nineteen feet by twenty feet, known locally inverted over cremated bones; a bed of wood as "Cloghan na Marabhan" or "Stone of the ashes underlay the whole. The cremated remains Dead". No attempt appears to have been made were those of a young person or a small adult. at shaping or positioning this rock; the cavity The urn collapsed upon removal but enough was simply hollowed out beneath it, the bodies remained to identify it as an encrusted urn, inserted and the clay replaced. that is, an urn with applied strips of clay The other burials found were almost with bearing incised ornament. Mis3 Prendergast, out exception cremated. One of the cists dis who compiled the report, estimated that this covered, a five sided chamber covered by a specimen must have been about twenty three large stone, contained fine sand in which the centimeters high, and she dates it to the urns were embedded. These were two in Late Bronze Age (1,000-500 B.C.). According number, a small one about the size of a tea to Miss Prendergast the ornamentation on the cup, in which were some very small bones, urn would seem to indicate an English influence and beneath it at a greater depth a larger from Wales and Cornwall. vessel inverted, under which were found three smooth pebbles arranged in a triangular pattern 1955 DISCOVERY and surrounded by a few pieces of burned Apart from Ballon Hill only one other bones. Both urns were highly ornamented and Bronze Age burial ground of any size has well finished. In this cist too was found part thus far come to light in County Carlow. of a thin javelinhead or dagger of bronze, This is or rather was, situated in the grounds much corroded. This was the only weapon found of the Sugar Factory. The urns deposited here during the entire operations on the hill. were discovered by accident in 1955. Three urns in all were found, each containing a. LARGEST CIST cremated burial. Two of them were surrounded The largest cist discovered was three feet by a small stone kerb, and all were decorated. two inches long, by two feet four inches wide They were dated by Dr. Raftery to the Late and about eighteen inches deep. The bottom Bronze Age, round about 700 B.C. was filled with burned bones which, from the Speaking of the Bronze Age period in gene large size, Graves concluded to be of animals. ral Dr. Raftery seems to think that it was a Indeed many pits were found during excava period of uninterupted prosperity and compara tions, which contained apparently nothing but tive peace, and supports his hypothesis by animal bones, and this seems to point to indicating the almost complete absence of extensive sacrificial ceremonies accompanying cffensive or defensive weapons from discoveries human burials on the site. so far made. In all, Graves makes specific mention of NOTE: -The second part of Mr. Kealy's some fifteen urns, but doubtless many more article, entitled "Pre-Christian Dwellings were brought to light. Most appear to have in Co. Carlow" will be published in our been strikingly and elaborately decorated and next issue.

THIRTY-TWO SIR EDWARD CROSBIE nated Sir Edward was, in fact, drawn even from Continued from page 11 John Finn. He agreed to deliver that part of his evidence which was most favourable to Sir Edward These comments of Farrell's, who almost cer with reserve while any evidence which might tainly knew all the facts, are very much an blacken him would be given in stronger and less understatement. What happened was that the guarded terms. For Major Dennis it was enough. authorities, for their own reasons wanted incrimi nating evidence against Sir Edward Crosbie and TRIAL AND CHARGE they wanted it in a hurry; they hoped to get it Sir Edward Crosbie was arrested on or about from his servants. Edward and Patrick Walshe, the 30th May, 1798. His wife received one hour's brothers and day labourers at Viewmount, and John notice of his trial, which opened on Saturday, 2nd Taaffe, Sir Edward's postillion, were seized and June. Sir Edward was not informed what charges committed to prison in Carlow. After having been were laid against him until he entered the Court. a short time confined, the notorious Major Dennis He was given no time to consult with the attorney (" The very name of Major Dennis," wrote Farrell, who appeared (only on the first day) for his "was the terror of both town and country, as defence. The witnesses who were called were in the rank he held of being next in command to the main witnesses for the prosecution, and several Colonel Mahon imposed the duty on him of attend who attended and volunteered evidence for the ing all the Courts-martial and executions that took defence, including George Lucas of Browne's Hill, place") went to them and told them that if they Sir Edward's shepherd, and Robert Deane, steward would confess that Sir Edward was engaged in the to Lady Crosbie, were prevented from entering even Rebellion they would immediately be liberated. the barrack yard by the sentries who stood guard. Their answer was that they would not condemn an Not only is this so, but it appears in addition innocent man. Major Dennis replied that he would that under the articles of war which then applied make them confess it, upon which they were taken a Judge Advocate or a competent deputy was an to the Barrack Yard and most severely flogged. essential part of a Court-martial. There was no After thirty lashes they were asked if they Judge Advocate or Deputy at the Court-martial of would confess against Sir Edward, and still they Sir Edward Crosbie and it was therefore unconsti replied that they would sooner die than incriminate tutional and illegal. an innocent man. While these proceedings were The Court consisted of Major Dennis, President repeated, John Finn, Sir Edward's butler, a poor of the Court, and twelve officers, mainly drawn sickly, timid man, was brought before Major Dennis from the Ninth Dragoons and the Armagh Regiment where he sat at a small table with pen, ink and of Militia, then stationed in Carlow. The charge paper in the Barrack Yard, within sight and earshot which Sir Edward now heard for the first time of the very triangle where John Taaffe was being was as follows:- butchered. Poor John Finn, terrified that he should 1. For traitorous and rebellous conduct in aiding suffer the torture enacted before his eyes, conscious and abetting a most villanous conspiracy for the also of his own guilt and that his life was forfeit, overthrow of His Majesty's Crown and the extinc could have been induced to accuse his master of tion of all loyal subjects. murder if it would have saved himself. And yet, 2. For endeavouring- to conceal persons knowing be it noted, that nothing which should have incrimi- them to be engaged in the above-mentioned project.

The Stables of ViewmoUint and in the background the walled garden where the Pikes were prepared. THIRTY-THREE The first witness, James Gaynor, confessed to about two perches from the hall door at the time. being an United Irishman and described the scene The last person to be sworn for the prosecution outside Viewmount House on the night of 24th was Henry Rogers. William Farrell had always been May, as already related. He stated that he saw suspicious of Henry Rogers, even before the month Sir Edward Crosbie come out of his front door of May, 1798. Writing long afterwards he said that and say '' Never fear, boys, the Barrack will soon although on the fateful night Rogers had been be your own." But although he was witness for urging the people to battle, it was said that long the prosecution he not only admitted that he before that he had already sold the pass to the "judged" it was Sir Edward he saw because of "his military in Carlow, and, he adds, '' from the opinion dress and appearance" and when asked stated that I entertained of him I should not much wonder at he could not see " the same description of person it, but be that as it may as soon as he was brought in Court," though Sir Edward was obviously not to the barrack he ~did not hesitate a moment but only in Court but sitting close beside him. began to give information at once against every John Finn, Sir Edward's butler, was then sworn. person he knew." Rogers was questioned about His evidence as quoted in the official record of the financial assistance given by Sir Edward to support trial is the longest of any of the witnesses and the cause of the United Irishmen and said that he yet he gave no testimony which could have incrimi was told by John Bern that Myler brought seven nated Sir Edward. He related how he had brought or eight pounds to McDonald, the brewer, for the his master to the garden-house to see the pikes, use of the prisone,rs confined for being United and stated that Sir Edward said that they were Irishmen some months before. He said that Myler wicked weapons and that he had never seen pikes had told him Sir Edward was a United Irishman before When asked did he think that Sir Edward and that having been seven years at the Bar, Sir knew · what the pikes were for-as if anyone in Edward would go to Court to defend some of the Ireland in 1798 might have had any doubts as to prisoners himself. He said that when he asked what p,ikes were for-he admitted he believed he Myler was Sir Edward "a sworn man," he was told did. John Finn's evidence in every particular "he could be depended upon." confirmed the statement afterwards made by Sir John Finn was now recalled by Sir Edward and Edward himself as to the events of that night. He under cross-examination he confirmed the happen produced on request the discharge which Sir Edward ings already related of the afternoon and evening had given him on the 25th May and which he had of the 24th May, how that Sir Edward had called unfortunately, but probably deliberately, antedated for his mare to ride into Carlow but had been by two days; he had given -John Finn a good prevented and indeed his mare had already been character. removed elsewhere by the same John Finn. Some· In cross-examination Sir Edward asked John member of the Court here intervened to ask him Finn if he had not brought Sir Edward's arms to " Did you see or do you believe that Sir Edward the Sheriff on the Monday before the Rising; John reviewed the men that night?" John Finn replied, Finn admitted he did. Then Sir Edward's Attorney " I did not, and I do not believe he could have asked him " Have you heard Sir Edward frequently done so without my knowledge." He admitted that say he would not be an United Irishman, an he had always heard that Sir Edward had the Orangeman, or of any society contrary to law?" character of a just man. John Finn replied on oath, " I believe he did; and Myler declared to me he did not believe his master CASE FOR THE DEFENCE was an United Irishman." Mary Lee, Lady Crosbie's waiting maid, was now COURT ADJOURNED called for the defence and after she had confirmed previous evidence Sir Edward asked her, " Suppose The Court then adjourned from Saturday, the I had gone to Carlow that day and the rebels had 2nd June, to Monday, 4th June, when Sir Edward's succeeded, do you think if they had the least attorney failed to appear, and he was without any suspicion of my having given information, would counsel or assistance during the remainder of his not my wife, children and family be put to death?" trial. And Mary Lee replied, " I believe they would have Patrick Walshe, a day labourer at Viewmount, been put to death." She confirm.ed that Sir Edward was sworn. Like most of the other witnesses for retired to bed at midnight and did not afterwards the prosecution, he was an United Irishman whose go out that night. life was forfeit for his part in the insurrection. His Bridget Curran, another servant, was the last evidence as recorded adds nothing to the evidence witn.ess called. She had been threatened with already given in connection with Sir Edward's visit bayonets by the soldiers in the barrack yard before to the garden to see the pikes. He was asked, " Did she got into the Court. She stated she beHeved you at that time suppose you were acting with Sir Sir Edward did not leave the house after 11 o'clock Edward's sanction?" And he answered that he could on the night of the 24th May. She said that one not tell. day Sir Edward had seen her in tears and asked Edmund Burroughs was sworn. He confessed to what she was crying for. " I told him my brothers being at Viewmount on the night of the 24th May, were put in jail for being United Irishmen. He told and was asked did he see Sir Edward Crosbie. me if they were put in for that he would punish He replied: " To the best of my opinion he was them himself if he could." Bridget Curran would there. I do not know him. I saw a gentleman come have given stronger evidence in Sir Edward's out of his house who spoke to us and told us not favour but Major Dennis, the President of the Court, to fear, the town or barrack would be our own. at this stage told her to hold her tongue, that she Everyone said it was Sir Edward Crosbie." He was was not wanted and ordered her to leave the Court.

THIRTY-FOUR Sir Edward Crosbie now solemnly declared that hope of saving his life. A considerable crowd soon he knew no act or part the rebels were to take assembled on the spot and they seemed as if until three o'clock on Thursday, 24th May, and engaged in an important debate which continued that his servants then publicly avowed their inten a long time and in which I am certain the clergy tions. He asserted his innocence of the crimes laid men used their utmost endeavours for him. to his charge and that he was not and never had been a member of the Society of the United Irish " At length they all came back again to the men. It was all to no avail. He was condemned gate and when we perceived th.ey did not bring to death and thrown back into Carlow Jail to await him to a lamp-iron for immediate execution, our confirmation of his sentence. He had not long to hopes for his acquittal grew stronger and stronger; wait. but when we saw the gate opened and the crowd coming out, we jumped for joy and cried out ' he On Tuesday, 5th June, Sir Edward wrote a long is saved, he is saved, his life is saved!' letter to the Hon. Mr. Justice Downes, an old friend, and related all the events relative to his " The new jail building was exactly opposite trial, some of which have been quoted at length the barrack gate at the time and we watched above. He ended: " I am sure you will beJie,ve me anxiously to see them turn the comer of the wall in my last moments when I solemnly declare I fall which hid them from our view. We thought they a sacrifice to the machinations of my own servants were a very long time coming and wondered greatly and, as they imagined, to their own security. Adieu, what could be the reason, when to our astonishment my dear Judge Downes! Continue your friendship and dismay we saw them walking up the steps to my helpless boy, which if I could be certain of which led to the fatal apparatus of death. A few I should die in peace. But I cannot give up the minutes more ended the tragedy. We heard the hope that you will use your utmost efforts to have dreadful noise and the fall of the board. He was my pension and property restored to my family, hanged till dead and his head was then cut off who, however improperly or imprudently I may and placed on a spike with the others." have acted in an unguarded and dangerous moment, are innocent of my acts." In a statement published by the Crosbie family in 1801 we are told that the soldiers with savage During his last hours Sir Edward was attended fierceness and barbarity severed his head from the by the " Rev. Doctor Hobart, a venerable-looking body and fixing it upon a pike placed it upon old gentleman, and his son, the Rev. Benjamin Carlow Jail in full view of his house and in that Hobart, a gentleman much esteemed as a man of of his unfortunate widow and children every time high honour and spirit, and both paid him every they turned their eyes towards the town of Carlow. attention in their power and seemed to feel very We are informed that this last act of inhumanity much for his situation." was no part of the sentence; it could not, however, have been perpetrated without the knowledge of the officers present and consequently without their A MAN OF HONOUR acquiescence. This horrid spectacle remained indeed but a short time, it being removed upon the marked Of his last moments we have the testimony of disapprobation and by the orde,rs of the then Lord two actual witnesses. One was a certain George Lieutenant Earl Camden, as soon as the circum Powell, Esq., Counsellor-at-Law, who wrote in a stance was reported to him; in consequence of letter dated the 6th July, 1798: "So intent were which the separated parts were delivered to the they on dispatch that at nine o'clock at night (5th widow. Still the savage disposition which suggested June), on the arrival of the approbation of Sir this horrid act remained unsated and such was the Charles Asgill of the sentence of the Court-martial, deplorable temper of the times that no clergyman he was led out to execution. His firmness neve,r could be found who would dare to perform the deserted him for a moment. Oh, Sir, to have seen sacred rights of the Church over the mutilated him die would have been sufficient to have con body. Lady Crosbie was therefore reduced to the vinced any person that he had lived a man of necessity of depositing the remains of her sacrificed honour." husband in her garden at Viewmount. Even about But up in the topmost windows of Carlow Jail, a twelve month after this fatal period it was not the poor unfortunate wretches waiting for punish without considerable opposition that the body was ment and torture and trial and death were clustered removed by " a worthy and respected clergyman in terrified groups, straining to catch a glimpse of of the Church of England " to a neighbouring the last fateful scene in this whole tragedy. And churchyard that it might receive the rites of one of them was William Farrell and long afterwards Christian burial in consecrated ground. by candlelight in his Gate Lodge he wrote down what he saw. He said:- THE LAST WORD AND THE " Sir Edward walked out with them with a firm FINAL PROOF step and the prisoners could see them from the upper windows nearly the whole way through the But though we have reached the end of this street and up through the barrack yard, till they sorry story, the key witness in the whole tragedy came just to the Court-martial door. We all won has not yet given his evidence. There was no one dered greatly at this as we imagined he was going who knew more about every detail of all these straight to execution. But when we saw him stop affairs or who was personally more concerned there we thought it looked as if there was some therein than Sir Edward's own steward, Tom Myler.

THIRTY-FIVE Myler was a Committeeman of the United Irishmen it during that time than a man twenty miles off. and had played a leading part in the Rising on the " On the unfortunate night in question, he was 24th May though there is some doubt if, in fact, as usual in his study and the people of the neigh he actually came into Carlow when the attack was bourhood assembled and came to me as I had made. He certainly made good his escape and went some arms concealed in the garden which they into hiding. Tom Myler's motives in some of the wanted. I begged and entreated them and used things he did are suspect and if he had been every argument in my power to cause them to captured and forced to give evidence in peril of desist, but all in vain and at last they threatened his life, it is at least doubtful that he would have to break open the garden door and take them by told the truth, the whole truth and nothing force if I did not give them. When I found this but the truth. But years afterwards when he was I was obliged to open the door and give them and no longer in danger and when Sir Edward was only I then went from them and went up the steps of a memory, he was cross-examined and after over the hall-doo,r and stood there as was sworn. And to a century has p·assed his statement is now on record make the matter more unfortunate to Sir Edward, for all to read. Here is the evidence of Thomas I happened to wear a coat that night that he had Myler, steward to Sir Edward Crosbie, as given to bestowed me some time before and in which dress William Farrell who wrote it down in his clear I might easily have been mistaken for him, so that and honest hand:- the kindness of my good master to me was partly the cause o.f his ruin and he lost his life for what " Sir Edward Crosbie was never an United he had no hand, act or part in." Irishman. No person dare propose such a thing to him and if the United Irishmen happened to be * mentioned in ordinary conversation he would * * * * * remark: ' Ah, they are foolish people; I pity them; " Viewmount, as the name indicated, commands they do not know what they are doing.' And that an admirable prospect over the surrounding country. was as much as any gentleman could say at the Here resided, very generally respected and beloved, time with safety to himself. But as respects the until the fatal year 1798, Sir Edward Crosbie, Bart., night of the insurrection, it was a rule with Sir unhappily the victim at that period of the intoler Edward, when the business of the day was over, ance and suspicion which, in times of civil to go to his study and when he once went in we commotion, rarely fail to infect the minds of saw no more of him till next morning and he knew subordinate instruments of office armed with brief no more of what was doing in the house or about authority."

Rev. P. J. Broph;y seen here with His Grace, Most Rev. G. 0. Simms, Protestant Archbishop of Dublin, and Rt. Rev. H. McAdoo, Protestant Bishop of Osso,ry, Ferns and Leighlin at lecture to the Out Car"low Society on the Book of Kells.

THIRTY·SIX SECRE1ARY'5 REVtEW OF 1HE YEAR 1163

fHE most outstanding event in the year 1963 ANNUAL OUTING for the Old Carlow Society was the visit of Most Rev. G. 0. Simms, Archbishop of On Sunday, 23rd June, 45 members Dublin, to give an illustrated lecture on the travelled to Waterford for their Annual Outing. "Book of Kells" on the 9th January. The The party was met by Mr. Neary, Curator of Function Hall of the Royal Hotel was packed Reginald's Tower. He showed the party over to capacity to see and hear Dr. Simms open the building and outlined the history of this the pages of this priceless 1,000 year old work well-known landmark. The members also visited of the Monks of Kells. This lecture was open the Museum, Greyfriars Church, the old to the public and the total proceeds were Norman and Danish Walls also St. Patrick's donated to the Freedom from Hunger Cam Church. paign. On January 31st Lt. Col. Eugene O'Neill, Military College, Curragh Camp, gave a talk SUMMER AFTERNOON OUTINGS on " The Quinlan Bequest to Carlow College." Dr. Quinlan, Physician to the Czar of The first Summer afternoon outing took Russia, endowed a burse for his family in place on Sunday, 26th May, to Enniscorthy. Ireland, which was awarded to Carlow College The party of 40 members were met at the as a result of a legal action, testing the claim Castle by the Very Rev. J. Ransome, Adm., of St. Patrick's to be Ireland's oldest college. originator of Folk Museum. Mr. Michael Tobin, Despite the shocking weather conditions ( deep B.A., gave the history of Enniscorthy Castle snow and ice) there was a full attendance of down to the time of take-over by Fr. Ransome. members. At Vinegar Hill, which the visitors also visited, PAPERS Mr. Tobin pointed out the routes taken by General Lake's forces which surrounded the In February, Mr. John Ellis read his Insurgents' camp; and the path taken by the interesting paper on " Carlow Fifty Years survivors of the holocaust. Mr. J. Ellis and Ago " to a very attentive audience. The picture Mr. A. Burns thanked Fr. Ransome and Mr. of Carlow painted by the speaker brought back Tobin for their interesting talks. memories to many of his listeners. A second It is hoped that the members who visited paper on "John Keegan the Laois Poet" by Enniscorthy Museum will bear in mind the Mr. W. Kelly was read by Mr. Alec Burns. The Society's intention· .to be. able to start a local paper gave a detailed account of the life of museum to house relics of the past. Keegan and his times. He was the author of About 30 members took part in the last the well-known ballad "Caoch O'Laoghry" in Summer afternoon outing on Sunday, 26th the old Christian Brothers' readers. July. The party travelled to Rathgall, to view On 3rd April, Mr. Brendan Kealy read his the Ringed Fort where Miss A. Tracey gave paper illustrated with drawings, plans, and a short account of its history. Then to Aghowle colour slides on "Pre-Christian Carlow." Mr. to view St. Finian's first abbey which he Kealy is to be congratulated on the amount founded before going to famed Clonard, in Co. of research he put into this paper. Meath. Mr. E. O'Loughlin, Munny, assisted Miss Tracey with tales of local history and ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING traditions of the district. The party then went The Annual General Meeting of the Society to Clonmore Castle and graveyard; one of the was held on Wednesday, 24th April. There was most hallowed spots in Ireland and the burial a full attendance of members. In a letter to place of St. Finian the Leper. This outing the meeting regretting his inability to be concluded with tea in Rathvilly Hall, and a present, Fr. Brophy tendered his resignation tour of the beautiful village. as Chairman; this was regretfully accepted by the members present. A special tribute to WINTER SESSION, 1963-64 Fr. Brophy's work for the Society since its foundation was recorded in the minutes of the The Society opened its indoor session in the meeting. Foresters' Hall on Thursday, 26th September, Mr. John Ellis was unanimously elected with two papers (a) " Carlow's Share in Tradi Chairman. Tributes were paid to the officers tional Music" by Mr. W. Kelly, and (b) and committee for their untiring work for the " Further Light on St. Mary's Church " by Society during the year. Mr. W. H. Fennell.

THIRTY-SEVEN

I On Thursday, 24th October, Miss M. Teresa LOOKING AHEAD Kelly read a paper on " Memories of a Carlow In January, 1964, Rev. A. Murphy, C.C., Sister of Mercy in the Crimea." Borris, will show some films of interest to the Miss A. Tracey will read a paper on members, and in February the Society hopes Thursday, 5th December, on "John O'Donovan to have a guest f!peaker. and the Ordinance Survey." " CARLOVIANA " There were 1,200 copies of " Carloviana " ANNUAL DINNER AND SOCIAL printed in 1962, 100 more than in previous The Society's Annual Dinner and Social will years, and all have been disposed of. be held in the Function Room, Royal Hotel, on The Hon. Edttors hope to have the 1963 Thursday, 21st November. '.Fr. Brophy will give issue of the Society's journal-which promises a lecture illustrated with coloured slides on " A to be bigger and better than ever-ready in Summer in Florida." good time for overseas despatch to friends and subscribers for Christmas.

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Meanwhile tension was increasing amongst she had made her way on foot from Harcourt those in the inner circle and it was not relieved Street to Phibsborough in the early hours when the order came from Eoin McNeill, of that Tuesday morning and after the night countermanding the rising. mare journey she fould awaiting her orders to report immediately to McDonagh. SISTER CARRIES DISPATCHES A ladder was lowered from a high window A meeting of the officers was hurriedly to enable her to get into the building. Having convened in O'Hanrahan's on Easter Sunday reported she got out by means of the ladder night. The sisters were not, of course, present to make her way to the G.P.O. with further at this but whilst it was in progress they dispatches from McDonagh to Pearse. These waited up and around 1 a.m. they heard safely delivered, she once more proceeded to tapping on the front door. Eily immediately her home to get arms, ammunition and equip went to the door of the meeting room and ment removed and made available to the Michael came out and told her to wait a little various garrisons . in the fighting zone. The and then ask who was there, but on no account O'Hanrahan sisters are rather proud of the to open the door. fact that of the large quantities of munitions, When she made the enquiry, a voice she etc., entrusted to their charge not one item recognised ensured " It is Diarmuid; you can of it was ever found by raiding forces, though open the door." It was Diarmuid O'Hegarty their home was often visited several times in with further dispatches for Eily to take to the the course of twenty-four hours. same place-he was quite unaware where she The story of Easter Week is too well known had been. Eily accepted them and set off once to need recounting here. The handful of young more at 6 a.m. on Easter Monday morning for hot heads, which in 1916, was the mildest Enniscorthy. Another nerve-wracking assign term most of their elders applied to them, in ment for the young girl, but she carried it those days plumbed depths of character and through successfully. hitherto untapped reserves of courage and On the journey back the train was held determination to hold on in face of fearful odds. up and delayed and did not reach Dublin until 4 a.m. on Easter Tuesday. SURRENDER

THE RISING. They were days, too, fraught with anxiety and apprehension on the part of their relatives, Meanwhile the seething cauldron of rebellion fears which, alas, were not assuaged when, had boiled over. Michael and Henry were in reluctantly bowing to the enivitable, the various Jacob's Factory where Thomas McDonagh was garrisons laid down their arms. in command. This outcome had not been unforeseen, but Michael, Major McBride and John McDon the gesture had been made for Erin's sake. agh, brother of Thomas, were on the Michael O'Hanrahan had felt that, even in commandant's personal staff. With difficulty defeat, the effort would not have been made

THIRTY-EIGHT in vain, as a remark made to Henry on the return," he said; " we exchanged a last look eve of the rising indicates: " We may have to and he went out to die." go under and suffer the penalty but, in my He was one of the second batch to be opinion, Ireland is saved." Prophetic words! executed; his commander in Jacobs had paid the penalty the previous qay, They were buried in Arbour Hill cemetery. A POIGNANT MEMORY BROTHER ALSO SENTENCED Eily's most poignant memory is that of midnight on the third of May, when British Henry O'Hanrahan had also been sentenced soldiers called at their home to take their to death but this was commuted to a life mother and three girls to Kilmainham Gaol sentence. He was sent to England and spent for a farewell interview with Michael. periods in Portland and three other English Mrs. O'Hanrahan was physically unable to prisons until his health was so undermined face the ordeal and leaving Maire with her, Ciss that he was released to die. and Eily entered the army car which was A memorial plaque to Michael was erected escorted to the prison by armed soldiers. in New Ross and unveiled by Eily on 1st Michael gave them his last messages, made August, 1948. Mr. T. D. Sinnott of Wexford his will in their presence and that of a couple gave an oration at the ceremony. The three of warders on duty in the cell. He was calm O'Hanrahan sisters keep their brother's memory and brave, the interview was not prolonged green, and I am indebted to them for much and the girls returned home and less than of the material for this article. three hours later their brother faced the firing Eily married Mr. Thomas O'Reilly, who squad. was also active in the movement and two of Father Augustine, O.S.'F. Cap., who gave his brothers perished in the Custom House. him spiritual consolation during those last The three girls continued managing their hours, described him as one .. ef. the truest and successful business at 67 Connacht Road after noblest characters it had ever been his privi the Rising and later transferred it to other lege to meet. His last request to the priest was premises in O'Connell Street. They retired from that he should visit his mother and sisters as there and have lived in Dun Laoghaire for a soon as possible and console them. The promise number of years. was made and the priest clasped the now Their memories of " The Troubled Times " pinioned hands. " Michael pressed mine in recall many exciting events of the period.

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OLD PHOTOGRAPHS The Editors would be interested to hear from anyone who has old photographs of Carlow and District, no matter how faded or uninteresting these may appear to be. Such photographs sometimes print surprisingly well and may be invaluable when used as illustrations for some article we are considering for the Journal.

A WORD OF THANKS The Editors and the Committee of the Old Carlow Society wish to thank all who have contributed in any way to this issue of Carloviana. They are particularly indebted to the support of our advertisers, without which it would not be possible to continue the publication of our Journal.

THIRTY-NINE CARLOW CATHEDRAL Comerford died on August 19th, 1895. Dr. Patrick Foley, President of Carlow College, was Continued from page 11 consecrated coadjutor to Dr. Lynch by Most Rev. Dr. Walsh on May 31st, 1896. On the It is stated in the memorandum that between death of Dr. Lynch in December, 1896, Dr. 1816 and 1846 about two thousand Catholic Foley succeeded him. Dr. Foley died in July, churches had been erected in Ireland, and details 1926 and was succeeded by Dr. Cullen who was of some of them and the cost of their erection consecrated by Archbishop Byrne of Dublin on are given. It states that Carlow Cathedral was Pentecost Sunday, 1927. Dr. Cullen died in completed in 1833 at a cost of £16,000. In January, 1936 and was succeeded by the present Griffith's Valuation, Co. Carlow, 1852, there is Bishop, Dr., Keogh, who was consecrated on reference to the Cathedral, R.C. Chapel, October 18th, 1936, by the Apostolic Nuncio William Fishbourne, Roman Catholic Chapel Archbishop Robinson. The Cathedral is built and yard, area 2 roods, buildings £90 valuation. on the site of the Parish Church in which Dr. Rev. Dr. James Walsh, William Fishbourne and Corcoran and Dr. Doyle received episcopal con Henry Bruen (immediate lessors)-plus Charles secration. In all, e!even bishops have been Sykes and Mrs. Warner. Rev. Dr. James Walsh consecrated on that hallowed ground. Five was President of the College. Dean Staunton, bishops, Dr. Doyle, Dr. Nolan, Dr. Haly, Dr. when building the Parochial Church in 1792 Walsh and Dr. Comerford are interred in the leased 2 roods from the College grounds which Cathedral. Dr. Foley and Dr. Cullen are inter in turn had been leased to Dr. Keeffe by red in the Cathedral grounds. William 'Fishbourne. In reference to the College the Valuation says, R.C. College, Offices and CARDINALS land and 11 acres. Land valuation £27, building The Cathedral was graced by Cardinals £130, total £157. College Chapel £15. Wiseman, Cullen, Logue and O'Donnell, who presided at solemn functions in it. In our day, NINE BISHOPS Cardinals Gilroy and Spellman each received a Since 1833 nine bishops have been con liturgical welcome in it, and each addressed secrated in the Cathedral. Dr. Nolan was the large congregation that assembled to greet consecrated on .the 28th of October, 1834, by them. Archbishop Murray of Dublin. In 1834 the Rev. In 1842 Thackeray toured Ireland. On his William Clancy, a professor in Carlow College, tour from Dublin to Waterford he spent a was appointed coadjutor Bishop to the illus day in Carlow. He visited the Cathedral, and trious Bishop Engand of Charlestown, South with his remarks on it in his Sketch Book Carolina, U.S.A. Dr. Clancy was consecrated in we conclude this article. "The Catholics point the Cathedral on December 1st, 1834, by Dr. to the structure with considerable pride; it Nolan. The co-consecrators were Archbishop was the first, I believe, of the many handsome Slattery of Cashel and Bishop Kinsella of cathedrals for their worship which have been Ossory. The four participants in the sacred built in late years in this country by the noble ceremony were past students and professors of contributions of the poor man's penny and by Carlow College. Dr. Haly was consecrated on the untiring energies and sacrifices of the March 25th, 1838 by Most Rev. Dr. Murray, clergy. Bishop Doyle, the founder of the church, Archbishop of Dublin. Dr. Walsh, President of has the place of honour within it; nor, perhaps Carlow College was consecrated by Most Rev. did any Christian pastor ever merit the affection Dr. Paul Cullen, Archbishop of Dublin, on of his flock more than that great and high March 30th, 1856. With Dr. Walsh was con minded man. He was the best champion the secrated Dr. P. Moran, a Dublin priest, Titular Catholic Church and cause ever had in Ireland; Bishop of Dardamina, with the administration in learning and admirable kindness and virtue of the Eastern Vicariate of the Cape of Good the best example to the clergy of his religion; Hope. and if the country is now filled with schools, In 1860 Dr. Moran was translated to where the humblest peasant in it can have the newly-formed diocese of Dunedrin in New the benefit of a liberal and wholesome Zealand. He died in 1895. Dr. Michael education, it owes this great boon to his noble Comerford was consecrated coadjutor Bishop exertions, and the spirit they awakened". to Dr. Lynch on January 1st, 1889, by Most Rev. Dr. Walsh, Archbishop of Dublin. Dr. FRANCIS HICKEY, S.P.S.

THE CASTLE: The undignified nature of the present surroundings is mo8t marked. With the clearwnce of dfffelict and condemned dwellings on Mill Lane, the site should be trimmed, planted and fenced. --CARLOW TOWN PLAN, 1948

FORTY Officers and Members of the Old Carlow Society

PATRON: Fitzroy, Miss Alice, Montgomery His Lordship, Most Rev. Dr. Thomas Keogh, St., Carlow; Fitzmaurice, Major Bishop of Kildare and Leighlin. A., Laurel Lodge, Carlow; Friedl, Miss Trudy, " St. Gertrud's," Car HON. LIFE VICE-PRESIDEN~S: low; Finnegan, Mrs. A. Tullow Rt. Rev. Monsignor Miller, D.Ph., V.F., P.P., Newbridge; Very Rev. P. St., Carlow; Foley, James P., 2 MacSurbhne, M.A., P.P., Kildare; Bernard O'Neill, M.Sc.; Mrs. B. O'NeHI, Plantation St., Gorton, Manches Wilton Gardens, Cork; Liam D. Bergin, Editor, "Nationalist and Leinster ter, England. Times," Ga11low. Governey, Francis, Barrowville, Carlow; Governey, Mrs. Madeline, CHAIRMAN: Barrowville, Cazfow; Gaffney, Mr. John Ellis. Capt. W., Killeshin; Gaffney, VICE-CHAmMEN : Mrs. W., KiUeshin; Giddy, Eric, Miss Alice Tracey; Mr. W. V. Hadden; Mr. H. Fennell; Athy Road, Carlow; Giddy, Mrs. E., Athy Road, Carlow. Rev. P. J. Brophy, B.D. Hadden, W. H., Court V,iew, JOINT HON. SEORETARIE'S: Cal'low; Hadden, Mrs. W. H., Miss M. T. KeHy, " The Stream;" Mrs. W. J. Fenlon, Montgomery St. Court View, Carlow; Hadden, W. V., "Four Winds," Carlow; HON. TREASURER: Hadden, Mrs. W. V., "Four Mr. Alec Burns, College Street. Winds," Carlow; Hanlon, Mrs. J., College St., Carlow; Hutton, HON. ElDITORS : Frank, Staplestown Rd., Carlow; M,r. W. V. Hadden, " Four Winds;" Miss M. T. Kelly, "The Stream," Huglhes, Patrick, College St., Carlow. Carlow; Healy, Richard, College St., Carlow; Hosey, Joseph, OOMMITl1EE: Governey Sq., Carlow; Harkins, Miss Maureen Doyle, Miss B. Oliver, Miss A. Fitzroy, Miss Iona MacLeod, Charles, 457 El38 St., New York, Mrs. H. Fennell, Mrs. T. Smith, Mr. J. Reddy, Mr. M. Delaney, Mr. F. Ellis, 54, U.S.A.; Halpin, John, Mul Mr. D. Godfrey, Mr. E. ,...COrcoran, Mr. P. Hughes. lawn, Tullow; Ha}pin, Mrs. J., Mullawn, Tullow; Hartnett, Aughney, Dr. Honoria, Co. lthacar, New York, U.S.A.; Con Joseph, Dublin St., Oa.l'iow; M.O.H., Wexford; Amond, Patrick nolly, Mrs. T. A., Ballyfoyle, Hartnett, Mrs. J., Dublin St., 63 Adrian Ave., Bronx. Mageney, Leix; Conboy, F. J., 403, Carlow; Hartnett, Miss Esme, Bergin, Liam D., "Nationalist & E Buffalo St., Ithaca, New York, Dublin St., Carlow; Harvey, Mrs., Leinster Times," Garlow; Breen, U.S.A.; Cannon, Miss Madeleine, Mill Park House, Kilbride, Co. Miss J. Dublin St., Carlow; 82-78 Caldwell Ave., Middle Vil Carlow. Burns, Alec, College St., Carlow; lage, Long lsland, U.S.A. Kelly, Miss M. T., "The Burn•s, Mrs. A., College St., Doyle, Miss Maureen, Railway Stream," Carlow; Kelly, William, Carlow; Brophy, Rev. P. J., St. Road, Carlow; Doyle, Mi!ss Dillie, 26 St. Patrick's Avenue, Carlow; Patrick's College, Carlow; Railway Road, Carlow; Doyle, Kelly, Mrs. Michael, Burrin St., Brophy, Michael, M.C.C., Ardattin, Mrs. Leigh, Dublin St., Carlow; Carlow; Kelly, Thomas, 31 TuJilow; Bmughan, Edwa11d, Coal· Doyle, James J., " NationaaUst and Avenue 1, Farningda:le, Long market, Cal'low; Brouglhan, Mrs. Leinster Times," Carlow; Doyle, Island, New York; Kealy, Thomas, E., Coalmar!ket, Carlow; Breen, Miss D., Pembroke, Carlow; Maryborough St., GraiguecuHen, Miss J., Castle St.; Brophy, Doyle, Miss M., Matron, St. Carlow; Kealy, Brendan, Mary Edward, N.T., Sycamore Road, D~phna's, Carlow; Dooley, Ml., borough St., Gl'aiguecuilen, Car Rathnapish, Carlow; Ba·genal,: J. St. Killian's Crescent, Carlow; low; Kilkenny Arohaeological J. S., Agricultural Dept., P.O. Kah· Delaney, Ml., The Swan, Athy, Co. Society; King, Mrs., Brown St., arent, via Nakuru, Kenya. Kildare; Delaney, Mrs., Ml., The Carlow; Kelly, Mrs. W., 26 St. Cannon, Mrs. K., 82-78 Caldwell Ewan, Athy, Co. Kildare; Duggan, Patrick's Ave., Carlow. Ave., Middle Village, Long Island, Wm. L., College St., Cal'low; N.Y., U.S.A.; Colgan, Miss M., Duggan, Mrs. W. L., College St., Lillis, Maj. Gen. James, The " Greenville," Athy Rd., Carlow; Carlow; Da,rcy, Mrs. Ml., Castle Bush, 2 Wynberg Park, Black Conroy, Miss M., Ca1Sl!Jle St., Hill, Carlow; Dillon, Mrs. Joihn rock, Co. Dublin; Lillis, Thos. J., Carlow; Corcoran, Eustace, J.K.L. St. Killian's Crescent, Carlow; Lumclone House, Fenagh, Co. A venue, Carlow; Corcoran, Mrs. Dillon, Miss PhyHie, St. Killian's Carlow; Lillis, Mi's. E., Lumclone E., J.K.L. Avenue, Carlow; Corr, Crescent, Carlow; DaUon, Mr,s. House, Fenagh, Co. Carlow; Rev. Joseph, S.J., "St. Wilfrids," F., St. Killian's Crescent, CaTiow; Leslie, W. A., 32 Eccleston Preston, Lane's, England; Corr, Dowhlng, John, Linka:rdstown, Square, London; Leslie, Mrs. W. Aid. Michael J., 426 Lewisham CiJJrlow; Doran, P. J., Old Leighlin, A., 32 Ec:cleston Square, London; High St., London, S.E., 13; Corr, Carlow; Dowling, Miss M., Clo Lawler, Thomas, Shanahoe, Jame•s J., 9 Bay Ridge, Parkway, cris,tic, Milford. Abbeyleix. Brooklyn, New Yol'k, U.S.A.; E!Lis, John, Burrin St., Carlow; Miller, Rt. Rev. Monsignor, P.P., Collins, Mrs., "Greengates," New Eustace, E. A. R., Newstown, Newibridge, Co. Kildare; Murray, bridge, Co. Kildare; Cogon, Miss, Tullow, Carlow; Egan, Miss, Aidan, N.T., Dublin St., Garlow; 63 Burrin St., Carlow; Clifton, G.P.O., Carlow; Ellis, F~ank, Murray, Mrs. A., Dublin St., Car Hugh, 3 Augustine Villas, Meath "Rosa11io," Hillview Drive, Rath low: Murray, Ciaran, Dublin St., Rd., Bray, Co. Wicklow; Chemehr, nap,ish, Carlow. Carlow; Moore, Wi,lliam, Leighl;n. Edward, Larkfield, Carlow; Fennell, Harry, Everton,,Garlow; bridge. Carlow; Mona:h,an, John, Chemelar, Mrs. E., Larkfie'id, Fennell, Mrs. H., Everton, Carlow; Castletown, Carlow; Monahan, Mrs Carlow; Ca,na,van, Mi's. J., Sit. Fenlon, William J., Montgomery J., Castletown, C.a1fow; Moore, Joseph's Rd., Carlow; Clancy, St.; Fenlon, Mrs. W. J., Mont Mrs. W., "St. Ann's," Athy Rd., Miss, Royal Hotel, Carlow; gomery St., Carlow; Fenlon, Garlow; Mannion, Francis, Dublin Conboy, F. J., 403 E. Buffalo St., Thomas, Montgomery St., Carlow; St., Carlow; Murphy, Mrs. M. B.,

FORTY-ONE ,- 1

Rathnapish, Carlow; Murphy, Rev. low; O'Hanlon, Miss Mary, Han Reddy, James, Lr. Staplestown P. J., C.C., Robertstown, New over, Carlow; O'Neill, Thomas P., Rd., Carlow; Ry.,m, James, Cappa bridge, Co. Kildare; Moore, Wm., "Gayville,'' Carlow; Oliver, J,ames lug, BalliCl'{moyler; Reynolds, St. Ann's, Athy Rd., Carlow; J., Kilkenny Rd., Carlow; Oliver, Kathleen, Miss, 7 Governey Park, Murphy, Miss Annie, Barrack St., Mrs. J., Kilkenny Rd., Carlow; Graiguecullen. Carlow. Oliver, Miss B., Dublin St., Car MacLeod, Miss Iona, Co. low; O'Neill, Denis, 2251 Sedge Swayne, Very Rev. P., M.A., Librarian, Pembroke, Carlow; wick Ave., Bronx, New York, P.P., Kildare; Sheehan, Miss K., Mccaul, Mrs. A., Dublin St., U.S.A.: O'Neill, Miss D., G.P.O., N.T., Burrin St., Carlow; Smith, Carlow; McDonald, Mrs. A., Holly Carlow; O'Neill, Miss Mary, Bar Mr. T., Leinster Crescent, Carlow; mount, Carlow; McDonnel,l, rack St., Carlow; O'Neill, Miss Smith, Mrs. T., Leinster Crescent, Raymond A., Dublin St., Carlow; Leonie, Barrick St., ·Carlow; Carlow; Smith, Miss Mary, Leins McDonnell, Mrs. R. A., Dubl'n St., O'Neill, Miss Lucy, Barrack St., ter Crescent, Carlow; Smith, Carlow; MacMahon, Miss, 17 Carlow; O'Neill, Mrs. D., 2251 Michael, Newtown, Bagenalstown; Willbrook Rd., Terenure, Rat:h Sedgewick Ave., Bronx, New York; Sheehan, Mr. R., Metropolitan farnham, Dublin; MicDonald, Mrs. O'Neill, Mrs. John, 574 West 192nd District Nursing Association, Mon E. Boherduff, B,agenalstown; Mc St., New York; O'Brien, Thomas tague St., London, W.Cl., Eng Grath, Miss M., Asst. Matron K., Emerald Lodge, Green Lane, land; Saywell, J. E. H., 41 Wilton "St. Dympna's," Carlow; Mc CarJo,w; O'Brien, Mrs. T. K., Crescent, London, S.W.1. Mahon, Miss Mgt., 6551 19th Emeralq Lodge, Green Lane, Car Tracey, Miss Alice, "Stella Place Middle Village, Long low; O',Oonovan, Miss, N.T., Tower Maris," Athy Rd., Carlow. Island, N.Y. Hill, Graiguecullen; O'Grady, P. J., Noude, Miss R., Tullow St., Rathmore House, Tullow; O'Grady, Waldron, Austin, C.E.O., Voca Carlow; Nolan, Thomas, 'MoUoy's' Mrs. P. J., Rathmore House, Tul tional Schools, Carlow; Waldron, Tullow St., Carlow; Nolan, Mrs. low; O'Hanfon, Mrs., Sunnys,ide, Mrs. A., Frederick A venue, Car M., Barrack St., Carlow. Graigueoullen. low; Wall, Miss B., Barrack St., O'Rourke, Huge, Clogrennane, Peevers, John, Staplestown, Carlow; Whelan, Mrs. Leo, St. Carlow; O'Keeffe, Bernard, St. C1rlow; Peevers. Mrs. J., Staiples Killian's Crescent, Carlow; Woods, Killian's Crescent, Carfow; town, Carlow; PurceH, Mrs. T. J., James, St. Killian's Crescent, Car O'Keeffe, Mrs. B., St. Killi,an's St. Joseph's Rd., Carlow; Phelan, low; Woo(]s, Mrs. J., St. Killian's Crescent, Carlow: O'Keeffe, Miss Mrs. W.. Co. Hospital. Kilkenny; Crescent, Carlow; WaH, Mich,ael, Eileen, St. Killian's Crescent, Purcell. Gerard, St. Killian's Cres 170 West 109 St., New York, 25; Carlow; O'Leary, Rev. Sean, C.C., cent; PurceH, Patrick, Quinag;h, White, Mrs. R., Eastwood House, The Presbytery, Carlow; O'Don C".rlow: Phelan, Thomas 38-14 Bagenalstown; Ward, Mrs. J., nell, Hugh, Dublin St., Carlow; Broadway Astoria,, Long IsJ,and, Little Barrack St.; Walsh, Mrs. P., O'Hanlon, Mrs. J., Hanover, Car- N.Y. Hanover, Carlow.

Interior of Carlow· Cathedral about 1890

FORTY-TWO §!111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111!§ ~111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111§ = = § § = = ~ Telephone 53. Telegrams: "Sutton, Carlow" ~ i FRESH MIL~GG~REAM AND I = = E= S= § 5 I Suttons' Supply I § § ~ ~ = LEIX = §~ Stores §~ = =5 § § = GOOD GOOD = = = = = § * * * § = FOR DAIRY FOR = § § =5 §= ~ Wholesale and Retail Grocer and ~ §= §= = CARLOW YOU = Provision Merchant, Hardware, China, § CASTLE ST. § Glass and Delph § 5 §= 5= § CARLOW § * * = = * ~ ~ § § § Castle Street § =~ In sunshine, snow, wind and ram, =~ = = ji To serve vou well is our aim. ! ~ Carlow ~ = = .~1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ 1111111111111111,111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111,111111111111111111111,1111111111!

~IIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHllntllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllUIIIIIIIIIIIIII.!!: 'MHIIUIIIIHIIIIIIIHUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIHUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIWWIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ = E CROFTON HOTEL GROUP

'=-! KEHo:s F?R ~DIOS ='-! Sole Carlow Agents for 1,~ ~ ••• I MURPHY AND PYE RADIO I § § = Philips, Pilot, Bush Models = Q~OF10N i * also :tocked * i

! Efficient After SaJes Service ! HOTEL = and Repairs to all Makes = I * * * I I= Serv~s and E:ctrolux :gent I= CARLOW 228 = = DUN LAQ.GHAIRE 801791

DUBLIN AIRPORT 373773 ~==_I _I====:_ GERALDRadio and Electrical KEHOE Service BRAY ... 2011 136 TULLOW ST., CARLOW ===- = ~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIRz = gjlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll]!' '!IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ I Getting Engaged 1 I "ALWAYS ON TOP i E = CHRISTMAS AND ENGAGEMENTS =E OF FASHION II E § § The words are bound together by § You will find a marvellous selection of all = tradition. We are proud to offer a = the latest styles in:- § beautiful selection of rings--clestined § §_ to make your big day even more §_- COATS * GLOVES memorable. Make your choice in our COSTUMES * NYLONS § private room and avail of the fine § = service which we have been giving E FROCKS * UNDERCLOTHING § for years. § WATERPROOFS * HANDBAGS SKIRTS * SCARVES §= FOR THOSE WITH GIFT PROBLEMS §= SLACKS * UMBRELLAS ~ -why not give Waterford cut glass? ~ KNITWEAR '' STOLES = It is bound to please, and we have a § 1 1 BLOUSES * EVENING FROCKS, &c. YOU'LL GET EXCLUSIVE STYLES Iw.,::•,::: :::~:;~~ Y::it roaI~ :,tes ; AND A BETTER SELECTION AT- I BRAMLEY'S I ~ (THE SHOP UNDER THE CLOCK) ~ The Modern = = Specialists in Ladies' Wear i=_- Dublin Street, Carlow -=-- Phone-346 TULLOW STREET, CARLOW ~llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllWllllllllllllllHflmllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll~ a1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111m rg""[;::;"";:;:m11111111111111,u11111111 Purchasing is an Investment § E when you Buy the Best

A GENUINE SCOTCH CROMBIE OVERCOAT COSTS ONLY £17-19-6, £16-19-6, £15-19-6

A SUIT OF MAGEES THORNPROOF * TWEEDS COSTS ONLY £12-12-0

A " CLUBMAN " SHIRT, Ireland's ~ Finegan's ~ Super Shirt, Costs Only 27 /6 to 39/6

They pay dividends in years of satisfactory servke and give the wearer pride of ownership.

The House For Men I! TULLOW* ST'REET Ii Carlow ·1 Carlow i FOR REALLY GOOD CLOTHES ! Phone: 233 ! 5i111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111ffi. T

~llllllnllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll§ i FOR BEST DRINKS j J. J. WALL i AND GROCERIES VISIT i * * * Proprietor: John McEvoy MOTOR GARAGE and * * * SERVICE STATION Comfortable Accommodation High-Class Catering.

* * * Lunches, Dinners and Teas. Parties catered for on short Kilkenny Road notice. Carlow * * * Phone 197 Tullow St., Carlow 'iilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllflr.= :a1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~

:l!.llllllm1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111E 11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111i11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 NOLAN'S !JOHN HARDING i CHEMISTS Builder, Contractor and FOR ALL HIGH-CLASS Joinery Manufacturer PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS * * * ALL TYPES OF BUILDING AND Manufacturers of the highest grade medicines. REPAIR WORK EXECUTED All the leading Brands of Ethical Pro prietaries stocked. Local Agent for Helena SPECIALISTS IN PLUMBING Rubenstein's Famous Cosmetics. Sight testing daily by fully qualified Opticians. and SANITARY INSTALLATIONS FILMS DEVEWPED AND PRINTED QUICK SERVICE •• BEST RESULTS * * * * * * Enquiries: \ E. J. Nolan I M.P.S.I., F.B.O.A., Prop., I ESTIMATES FREE i I, DUBLIN ST., & I, CASTLE ST., CARLOW Phone: 80 I Works : John Street I :if1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111m111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111f: 'iillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll•;,: "Doctors, Statesmen, Sportsmen and Hughes Brotl1ers Editors SMOKE: G.B.D., Dr. PLUMB & K.P. PIPES Monumental Works and no wonder! they are manufactured from· 1st grade material and give 100 per cent. I satisfaction" I Carlow = * * * = I 'The Thinking Man Smokes a Pipe' I * * * § * * * § Memorials erected in ~ ~ Marble, Limestone I For all Smokers' Requisites I = YOUR PORT OF CALL IS = and Granite * * * i CIGAR DIV AN ! All work carried out under Personal Supervision i :~+d. ~~B~~~rs. STREET, p~::L~8: i Designs & Quotations on Request ~1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111m111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111irr ~llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllll~

TULLY'S Michael Doyle 142 TULLOW ST., CARLOW Phone: Carlow 257 * * * P..LSO 34 MAIN ST., GOREY Grocery and Provisions Phone: Gorey 27 General Hardware Coal Merchant * * GENERAL DRAPERY, BOOT AND SHOE WAREHOUSE, HOSIERY SPECIALISTS * * * THE SHAMROCK * * * TRAVEL AGENTS 71 TULLOW STREET World-wide Bookings by Air, Rail and Sea. CARLOW Tours now a speciality. * * * Telephone Carlow 7

:illllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!lii' ffillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllhl T I

;'.!llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!llllll!.:= = ~ Carlow's Leading I Drapers M.P,S.1. Clothiers, Ladies' and Men's Outfitters, and House Furnishers, Veterinary & Dispensing Chemist Boot and Shoe Warehouse. * * * Ladies' and Gentlemen's High Sick Room Requisites Class Tailoring on the Premises by expert cutters and tailors. * * * Photographic and Toil et Goods '\< * * You can get your Odearest * * * Mattress here. 39 TULLOW STREET MICHAEL MOLLOY CARLOW - § Tullow Street, Carlow ~11111111,,,,,,1,1,,11,,1,,,,,,,111,11,11,,,11,,,,11,,,,,111111111111,,11,,,,,111111111111111111,1111111rr fi1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~

~1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ 111

and Confectioners i'''Wii'ii;"'ii~,;;;1

* * * I 118 Tullow St. I Christmas Cakes a Speciality Carlow Purest Ingredients only used * * * J * * * Tailoring and Outfitting DUNNY'S Men's Shoes l CASTLE STREET * * * CARLOW HIGH-GRADE CLOTHES Phone 151 FOR MEN AND BOYS

~lllllllltlllllllllJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIUIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII~ §1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ 111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 I HUGH LUPUS & co. i Motor and Cycle Dealers 19 DUBLIN STREET CARLOW * * * For Best Odds * * * Best Service Dealer for and RALEIGH CYCLES & MOPEDS * * * * * * 10 COALMARKET REPAIRS A SPECIALITY ACCUMULATORS CHARGED CARLOW * * * Oils, Greases & Spares in Stock Phone Carlow 219 ~IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIILlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllffi ¥.i111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~

~1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ Qlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll(g ~ First-class Proficiency ~ FOR A REALLY BIG SELECTION OF § Diploma, Academy of § § G e n t ' s Hairdressing, § HOUSEHOLD & NURSERY FURNI ~ London, 1932 ~ TURE VISIT OUR LARGE STORE ~ CARLOVIANS ~ § We take pride in being § There you can walk around and the oldest established Gentlemen's Hairdres see the many designs of Modern sers in Carlow, but we also take pride in Furniture. It's always a pleasure our work and are al ways prepared to cut to help those either furnishing for hair as you wish it. A trial will convince. the first time, or refurnishing. PLEASE ASK FOR ESTIMATES OF BURNS CARPETS AND VENETIAN BLINDS College Street CARLOW P. & M. DARCY Gent's Hair Stylist Wide range of Toilet Drapers, House Furnishers Goods Prize-winner Mallon 33/35 TULLOW STREET Cup Hairdressing Competition, Dublin, 1952. § CARLOW § lii°HIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIE ~111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ ~llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllf BUILDERS CARLOW TELEPHONE 78

~·

<). ATHY TELEPHONE 17 CONTRACTORS

:illllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll~ g,111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111~ : E § § I An Old Carlow Industry I

- I CARLO ORANGE CARLO LEMON~ MINERAL LEMONADE LEMON~ FLAVOURED ~ WATERS SODA~

- DRY GINGER - ALE STONE BEER~

GRAPE FRUIT TONIC WATER ~ Manufactured by CORCORAN & CO. - CIDERETTE COLA~ - LIMITED CARLOW CASTLE ORANGE ORANGE CRUSH ~

- Established 18B7 Phone 9 ~

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